Accountability and Leaning
Transcript of Accountability and Leaning
ACCOUNTABILITY AND LEARNING Throughout the project cycle
Hanoi, Nov 2017
Prepared by: Nguyen Quoc Phong
Accountability to beneficiaries is a central part of the “A” in MEAL.
Active community participation throughout the project cycle is at the core of accountability to beneficiaries.
What is accountability?
Accountability
Who do we need to be accountable to?• Direct beneficiaries, • Other community members who may not
directly benefit• Community leaders• Other implementing partners• Donors
What happens if we aren’t accountable?• Programming does not meet needs• Substandard quality• Abuse and exploitation of beneficiaries• Corruption & fraud• Falling short of community expectations• Damaging our reputation & relationships
Participation Mapping Exercise
Exercise: Participation Ladder
Step 1 (5 mins)
1. Match the definitions to the terms
2. Organise the terms from least to most participation
Type of Participation
Definition
Information Primary stakeholders are informed about what is going to happen or has already happened.
Consultation Stakeholders provide answers to questions posed. Decision-making power in the hands of implementing agency who are under no obligation to incorporate stakeholders’ input.
Collaboration Primary stakeholders participate in the discussion and analysis of predetermined objectives set by the project, and are involved in the decision-making process about how to achieve them.
Empowerment Primary stakeholders are capable and willing to initiate the process and take part in the analysis. This leads to joint decision making about what should be achieved and how. Ownership and control
Type of Participation
Strengths of this approach
Weaknesses of this approach
Project examples
Information
Consultation
Collaboration
Empowerment
Participation Mapping Exercise
Discuss in your group (20 mins): What are some of the strengths of this type of participation, what are the weaknesses?• Think about what challenges in implementation may be.• Think about what benefits it might bring to the projects
sustainability.• Come up with as many examples from your projects as you
can for each type of participation.
Primary Stakeholder
Design
Implement
Monitor
Evaluate
Map your examples to the project cycle, and add any more methods of stakeholder engagement you can think of.
Participation Mapping Exercise
Effective participation might require different types of participation occurring at the same time
1. Community need information to understand what services should be provided and by whom
2. Beneficiaries might need new skills, training and knowledge to be able to effectively participate
3. There may need to be incentives to participate
4. There may need to be mechanism to participate
5. There needs to be responsiveness to community feedback by relevant agencies to ensure accountability works in practice
Complaint and Feedback Mechanisms
What mechanisms do you use?
• Suggestion/complaint boxes
• Beneficiary reference groups
• Information Centres
• Hotlines
• Community Help Desk
• Text messaging
• Feedback email accounts
• Any others?
Considerations
Access: physical distance, safety, language, literacy, phone networks
Resources: staff, $ for physical infrastructure/materials
Culture: how are they comfortable complaining? Other?
Complaint and Feedback Mechanisms
MEALearning
What are your best learning experiences?
What made them work?
What are your worst learning experiences?
What made them unsuccessful?
Learning Cycle
Source: Rowe, D. (2013). Audience State of Mind. T+D Magazine, 58-62.
2. STUDY•This stage supports taking onboard new concepts and information. Calmness and focus are key.
4. REFLECTION•This stage considers where
and how new skills and knowledge fit into the real world of work. Discussion and planning are key.
3. ACTIVITY•This stage turns theory into practice, and even skill. Action and interaction are key.
1. CURIOSITY•This stage supports the human desire to learn. Impact and emotional reactions are key.
Different Ways to Learn
Auditory Visual Kinesthetic
LecturesDiscussionsQuestion-and-answer Sounds, Music, SongsCoaching
conversationsMetaphorsPanel discussionsGroup projects
Diagrams, charts and graphs
ColorfulReading, handoutsWallboards/postersMind-mappingFilms/videosMapsDemonstrationsSlides and photos
Practice on the jobPaper-and-pencil testsGroup projectsRole playingPhysical
demonstrationsHands-on activitiesBuilding thingsWriting on flipcharts
or Wallboards
Edgar Dale’s Learning Pyramid
1900 - 1985
These teaching methods are passive and don’t require learner participation.
These teaching methods encourage greater participation, and promote greater learning.
5% Lecture
10% Reading
20% Audio-Visual
30% Demonstration
50% Group Discussion
75% Practice
90% Teaching Others
Image credit: http://e-ducation.datapeak.net/pedagogues/8.jpg
1913 - 1999
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning
As you go up the ladder, complexity increases,
and learning needs change.
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Image Credit: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/1/1f/Bloom_Benjamin.jpg