Acción perteneciente al proyecto REPEX “Rehabilitación energética de edificios, una oportunidad...

Acción perteneciente al proyecto REPEX“Rehabilitación energética de edificios, una oportunidad de empleo verde en Extremadura, una solución a la pobreza energética”

Colaborador

FUEL POVERTY IN SPAINDirect employment generation potential of

thermal retrofits of residential buildings

http://www.cienciasambientales.org.es/

• A household is in fuel poverty when– is unable to afford an adequate amount of energy

services to satisfy its domestic needs – and/or has disproportionate energy expenses as a

proportion of income

• An issue with little visibility– primarily domestic and spatially diffuse– closely related to other forms of poverty and social

exclusion– Impact of the global crisis: unemployment

• Proyecto REPEXProyecto REPEX

¿What’s fuel (or energy) poverty?Definition and relevance in Spain

• Estimate fuel poverty rates in Spain at the national and regional (i.e., Autonomous Communities) levels

• Analyse the relationship between fuel poverty and unemployment in the context of the economic crisis

• Present the impacts of fuel poverty on health, especially excess winter mortality

• Gauge the direct employment generation potential of thermal retrofits in Spain

• Assess fuel poverty-related measures and policies in Spain

Proyecto REPEX

Aimsof the study

Proyecto REPEXProyecto REPEX

Methodological approachand data sources

• Two measuring approaches– Household’s energy expenses and annual income

• Household Budget Survey 2006-2010

– Household’s perceptions and statements• EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions 2004-2010

• Other data sources– Survey on Households and the Environment 2008– Barometer of the Spanish Center of Sociological

Research - CIS (Dec. 2011)– Monthly mortality data 1996-2010 (INE)


Declared indoor temperatures (for heating)

Households and the Environment (2008)

But…-only for 2007-only 49% of all households answered-declared Ts, not real measurements


The impact of the economic crisis

Barometer of the CIS (Dec. 2011)% respondents that have changed consumption habits for saving money as a consequence of the crisis


Fuel poverty rates (1)Energy expenses vs. household income

% de households that spend more than 10% of their annual net income on energy


Fuel poverty rates (2)Perceptions and statements

% of households that report/state…


Comparing measuring approachesvs. severity of the winter

In 2010 (approx.):-10 % households-4 million people

Results at the regional level Autonomous Communities

Proyecto REPEX

More than 10% of annual net income on energy expenses

Inability to keep the home adequately warm in winter

Highlands of the center and north of the Iberian Peninsula (less Madrid and the Basque Country)

Milder regions: south, east and islands


Excess winter mortalityRelative EWM rates

Out of 23,400 excess winter deaths, between 10 to 40% (2,300 to 9,300 EWDs) may be due to fuel poverty, more than road trafficc accident victims in 2011.


Fuel poverty and unemploymentEnergy expenses vs. household income


Direct employment generation potential

of thermal retrofits in Spain

≈400 firms and entities contacted 25 valid cases89 buildings 1.390 dwellings

16.7 FTE-year per million €


Assessing policies, measures and elements

of the legal framework

Type Measure Impact on fuel poverty

SOCIAL TARIFFS Bono social (social electricity tariff)

Temporary;,only for electricity users.Beneficiaries are not always in fuel poverty.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY for the residential sector

National Housing and Renovation Plan 2009-2012Fiscal deductions for retrofitsRenove plansBuilding code

Wide range of measures, but none of them refers to fuel poverty in their objectives or allocation criteria. Fuel poor households may not be benefiting from them because of lack of capital and information.

INCOME TRANSFERS

Plan PREPARAMinimum Income for Integration (RMI)

Temporary, palliative effects. All household fixed costs to be covered with a small amount.

• ≈ 10% households (4 mill. people) in fuel poverty• Substantial regional differences: 2 FP types• FP in Spain may be responsible for more premature deaths

than road traffic accidents• Differential impact on unemployed households• Lack of specific measures and policies • Thermal retrofits as a long-term solution to FP and as an

employment opportunity for laid- off workers of the construction sector

• Connection with other policy goals: energy security, climate change and urban air quality


Key conclusionsFuel poverty in Spain

Acción perteneciente al proyecto REPEX“Rehabilitación energética de edificios, una oportunidad de empleo verde en Extremadura, una solución a la pobreza energética”

Colaborador

Thank you for you attention

http://www.cienciasambientales.org.es/

BACKGROUND SLIDES


• A household is in fuel poverty when– is unable to afford an adequate amount of energy

services to satisfy its domestic needs – and/or has disproportionate energy expenses as a

proportion of income


¿What’s fuel (or energy) poverty?Definition and components

INCOME

Domestic ENERGY

PRICE

EFFICIENCY of the

DWELLING

• An issue with little visibility– primarily domestic and spatially diffuse– closely related to other forms of poverty and exclusion

• Background– EPEE project – European fuel Poverty and Energy

Efficiency (Ecoserveis/ Intelligent Energy Europe)– Studies on poverty and social exclusion (Cantó et al.,

2003; Laparra, 2010; etc.)– Data on residential energy use (IDAE, 2011)


Relevance and background

in Spain


Energy expenses and household income

Critical factorsEnergy expenses vs. household income

Evolution of the weight of energy carriers on the energy bill

ELECTRICITY TARIFF DEFICIT

• Living in a poorly heated dwelling:– Has negative effects evident in terms of infants’

weight gain, hospital admission rates, developmental status and asthmatic symptoms

– Affects the mental health of teenagers– Is a cause of flu and colds and exacerbates existing

conditions such as arthirtis and rheumatism – Reduces the dietary choices of households– Is a cause of premature death due to

cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.Proyecto REPEXProyecto REPEX

Impacts of fuel povertyon human health

Source: Marmot Review Team, 2011


Fuel poverty-relatedexcess winter mortality

Out of 23,400 excess winter deaths happening in Spain in an average year, between 10 to 40% may be due to fuel poverty


Fuel poverty and unemploymentPerceptions and statements

% households with arrears on utility bills

Acción perteneciente al proyecto REPEX “Rehabilitación energética de edificios, una oportunidad...

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