ACCESS TO THE LABOUR MARKET ROMA IN AN EXPANDING EUROPE Challenges for the future José Manuel...
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Transcript of ACCESS TO THE LABOUR MARKET ROMA IN AN EXPANDING EUROPE Challenges for the future José Manuel...
ACCESS TO THE LABOUR MARKET
ROMA IN AN EXPANDING EUROPE Challenges for the future
José Manuel Fresno García
CONTENTS
1. Foundation Secretariado General Gitano
2. Social Situation of the Gipsy Community in Spain
3. Employment and Roma Community4. Acceder Program5. The use of the Structural Funds with
the Roma Community: Key elements
FOUNDATION SECRETARIADO GENERAL GITANO
•Non-profit non-governmental organisation •Dates back to the 1960’s; foundation in 2001. •Purpose: improvement of living standards for the Roma community. •Interculturality
•Activities: Goal-oriented & Non goal-oriented activities•Volume of activity in 2002 was 11,500,000 euros. •partnership 70 public administrations •400 staff professionals. •Work is carried out in 14 of Spain’s 17 Autonomous Communities •40 work centres.•40,000 direct beneficiaries and 60,000 indirect beneficiaries•Participation in different fora and international networks
SOCIAL SITUATION OF THE ROMA COMMUNITY IN SPAIN (1)
– 600.000 people– 45% in Andalusia– Heterogeneity and processes of social
change and cultural transformation.– High birth rate. 40% under 16 years
of age
SOCIAL SITUATION OF THE ROMA COMMUNITY IN SPAIN (2)
StrengthsHigh progress in the last 30 years– Recognition as full citizens: constitutional
law, participation in elections, involvement in social movements…
– Access to the welfare state system: housing, education, health…
– High access to integrated habitats: migration from rural to urban areas…
– Improving recogntion of the Roma cultural identity
SOCIAL SITUATION OF THE ROMA COMMUNITY IN SPAIN (3)
WeaknessesStrong situation of social exclusion
– Low educational level; early school dropouts– Generally losing touch with traditional professions
and labour activities– Poor housing and living conditions– Inadequate access and use (either due to abuse or
shortage) of general services– Prejudice, stereotypes and high level of social
discrimination– Lack of cultural recognition
EMPLOYMENT AND ROMA Community (1)
MAIN LABOUR ACTIVITIES OF ROMA COMMUNITY:
DESCRIPTION
PROFESSIONAL AREA % APROX.
TRADITIONAL ROMA PROFESSIONS
In transformation
Street markets Re-collection
of urban disposals
Seasonal Work (Agricultura)
50-80%
(GENERALLY, SELF EMPLOYED))
Liberal professions
Antique dealers Merchants Art related
professions
5-15%
NEW PROFESSIONS (GENERALLY, NON SELF EMPLOYMENT)
Non -qualified
Building area Public works Non qualified
civil servants Other
10-15%
Qualified Qualified civil servants
Other
(*) these percentages represent wide ranges of approximation to the employment areas of the Roma community.
EMPLOYMENT AND ROMA COMMUNITY (2)
•Their traditional professions are in recession or require a strong re-conversion •Very few Roma have access to the offer of normalised professional training.•The life conditions of many Roma together with the social prejudices and stereotypes, affect in a negative way.•Likewise, the cultural aspects (habits, traditions of re ference, etc.) affect in a negative way, in the majority of cases, when trying to access a job.•Otherwise, there are increasing expectatives of the Roma Community accessing the labour market.
EMPLOYMENT AND ROMA COMMUNITY (3)
Context:•Employment : priority on the European Union's political agenda. EEE•National Action Plans for Employment •Use of Structural Funds (2000-2006): ESF, especially •High growth of the Gross Domestic Product: double than European average (SPAIN)•High rates of employment creation: 1 of every 5 European new employments (SPAIN)•High demand of non qualified labour
ACCEDER PROGRAMMULTIREGIONAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAM
“FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION” 2000-2006
ACTIONS AIMED AT THE ROMA POPULATION
ACCEDER PROGRAM (1)OBJECTIVES: To facilitate the Roma/Gypsy population's access to
mainstream training and employment
• To provide Roma/Gypsies with professional qualifications and access to labour contracts by meeting their needs
• To adapt and make general vocational training and employment services more accessible to unemployed Roma/Gypsies with a view to facilitating their access to the labour market on an equal footing with the rest of the citizens.
• To raise awareness regarding prejudice and discriminatory practices affecting Roma/Gypsies
• To foster more active policies regarding the Roma/Gypsy community
ACCEDER PROGRAM (2)
METHOD• Intercultural teams working on Integrated
employment itineraries: guidance, information, professional social counselling, basic skills training and vocational training as well as specific formula for labour mediation.
• This intervention is being implemented through :1. Individualised employment access itineraries 2. Partnership: public and private entities3. Lobbying: influence on the employment policies
ACCEDER PROGRAM (3)
FUNDINGESF: 55. 40%Feder: 6.20%Central Government: 6.40%Autonomous Government: 17%Local Government: 14 %Others: 1%
ESF
FEDER
Central / State
Autonomous
Local
Others
OBJ 1 & OBJ 3
More than 70 public and private partners in the program: funding & monitoring
ACCEDER PROGRAM (4)Municipalities where work is taking place
ACCEDER PROGRAM (5)
NO GITANOS
2,106
GITANOS3,832
65%
35%
MUJ ERES2,791
HOMBRES3,147
53 %
47%
BENEFICIARIES PROFILE
MEN: 7,418
WOMEN: 7,113
ROMA: 9,711
NON ROMA: 4,820
49%
51%
33.1 %
66.9 %
ACCEDER PROGRAM (6)
EDAD DE LOS USUARIOS/AS
2.909
808
362
2.371
1.032846
1.399
385
861
1.379
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
<25 25-30 30-35 35-45 >45
MUJERES
HOMBRES
AGE
BENEFICIARIES PROFILE
ACCEDER PROGRAM (7)
3.480
6.221
9.220
12.35214.531
JUNE 2001 DEC 2001 JUNE 2002 DEC 2002 APRIL2003
NUMBER OF CLIENTS
ACCEDER PROGRAM (8)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
CO
NT
RA
TA
CIO
NE
S
CONTRATACIONES PREVISTAS 2006
CONTRATACIONES CONSEGUIDAS
7.287
CONTRATACIONES CONSEGUIDAS
291 %
NUMBER OF CONTRACTS (APRIL 2003)
Contracts: 7,287
Contracts: 291%
Foreseen contracts 2006
ACCEDER PROGRAM (9)
23%
17%14%
25%
17%
5%
<30 DIAS 30-60 DIAS 60-90 DIAS 90-180 DIAS 180-365 DIAS > DE 365 DIAS
DURATION OF THE CONTRACTS (APRIL 2003)
ACCEDER PROGRAM (10)
HIRED PEOPLE PROFILE
15982577
27644710
43627287
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
NO GITANOS
GITANOS
TOTAL
PERSONAS CONTRATACIONES
ACCEDER PROGRAM (11)HIRED PEOPLE (December 2002)
NUMBER OF CONTRACTS
2399
735336 237
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 CONTRAT 2 CONTRATS 3 CONTRATS OVER 3CONTRATS
Average: 1.70 contracts/person
ACCEDER PROGRAM (12)
ENTERPRI SES´ PROFI LE
6%12%
16%
66%
AgricultureBuildingIndustryServices
ACCEDER PROGRAM (13)Key elements:
– Use of specific tools and revised methods–Strong partnership– Individual itineraries that include training and job seeking actions. –Long term projects–Participation of the Roma community–Intercultural teams–Sinergy between local, regional, national and European level (ESF, Council of Europe Development Bank)–Experience of the solicitor entity
THE USE OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS WITH THE ROMA COMMUNITY
Key elements:–Mainstreaming the Roma issue in the Communitary frameworks–Targeting specific Roma programs with the Structural Funds.–Promotion of the participation in the decision making (“Empowerment”) trough monitoring committees.–Impact on a specific target group at the local level (“Targeting territory”)–Networking different experiences & supporting good practices
ACCEDER PROGRAM
www.fsgg.org/acceder
BUDAPEST, 2003. José Manuel Fresno García