7/4/2013

The Samoa Savai’i Faasaleleaga

(FAASALMESH) – Management Systems Tools

and Performance Architecture Analysis

by

Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

Academic Journal

Leutele Grey

YEAR 2013

SEMESTER ONE

PAPER

IT8416 Network Design and Management

Post Graduate Diploma

In

Business & Information Technology

Faculty of Business and Information Technology

WHITIREIA NZ

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

1

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a description of the

FAASAL Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)

management systems tools, performance

architecture and analysis. Firstly, it

introduces the developed architectural

engineering design of the FAASAL

IEEE.802 a/b/g/n indoor and outdoor

test-bed deployment for testing simulation

and physical operation. The test-bed

developed design includes its

management infrastructure tools

specification for operational control,

performance architectural and analysis.

The main task of the FAASAL WMN is to

satisfy four conflicting requirements from

different user groups including: the

Systems Administrator, Systems Research

and Development, Ubiquity Broadband

Internet Users and Organisational

Strategic and Operational Management.

The FAASALMESH introduces a

complete management infrastructure and

components including: (1) Configuration

Tools; (2) GHz Spectrum Management

hardware architectures: ARM, MIPS and

x86; (3) the BackTrack Linux

architectural Operation System, (4) The

Spectrum Analyzer Wi-Spy 2.4i entry-

level 2.4 GHz; (5) A FAASALMESH

unique Authentication Infrastructure

which uses the FreeRADIUS tool; and

finally (6) the FAASALMESH introduces

a unique internetwork aspect by realising

the importance of the network as a

business. The FAASALAMESH uses the

two SAP Business Intelligence (BI)

software platforms including: the

BusinessObjects and the

BusinessObjects RDS.

Key Words: Samoa Faasaleleaga Wireless

Mesh Network, Management Systems

Tools, Performance Architecture Tools

and Analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION

This paper describes the FAASALMESH

management systems tools and

performance architecture analysis. The

FAASALMESH adopts the Institute of

Electrical Electronic Engineers (IEEE

802.11) standards’ mixed mode

architecture, with specific deployment and

applications for the Faasaleleaga

community as illustrated in Figure 1

(Grey, 2013).

Figure 1: FAASAAL WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE

The Samoa Savai’i Faasaleleaga (FAASALMESH) Management

Systems Tools and Performance Architecture Analysis

By

Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

4 July 2013

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

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The WMN is a promising wireless

technology for several emerging and

commercial applications, e.g., the

broadband internet home networking,

community and neighbourhood networks,

coordinated network management,

intelligent transportation systems etc.,

(Gungor, Natalizio, Pace, & Avallone,

2007). Furthermore, i t is gaining

significant attention as a possible way for

Internet Service Providers and other end-

users to establish robust and reliable

wireless broadband service access at a

reasonable cost. Granelli, Riggio, Rasheed,

Miorandi and Ibars (2009) explain that the

WMNs represent a technological bridge

between the mobile ad hoc networks

(MANETs) and the traditional

infrastructure networks, such as the ones

based on the IEEE 802.11 family of

standards. Moreover, when compared to

the infrastructure networks, the WMN

offers several advantages such as: (i) the

combination of different wireless

technologies, e.g. cellular, WiFi, and

WiMAX; (ii) they can be incrementally

deployed in order to gradually extend

connectivity and capacity avoiding

massive investments. Further, unlike the

MANET scenarios in which all nodes act

as both hosts and routers, the WMN may

make distinctions in terms of

functionalities between traffic

source/termination points and pure relay

devices. A mesh network test-bed allows

owners to study how the real

applications perform (Romdhani &

Mohamed, 2011). According to Martins

(2011) different approaches on network

testing revealed simulation, emulation and

test-beds deployment reliability of results.

Favourable results occurred because when

using a simulation test-bed, experiments

are granted under complete controllable

environment, with all variables of a

network at a tester’s disposal. Therefore

expected results can be bias and produce

further unreliable results. For example;

simulators, OMNeT++ and NS-3 are the

most resounding names among the

network community (A network is

modelled by the tester and then simulated

by software) Martins (2011). Due to this

lack of reliability, the network test

community depends on the deployment of

testing facilities and so the test-beds arose

as a solution to this problem (Martins

2011).

This study provides a description

of the FAASAL WMN IEEE.802 a/b/g/n

MIMO indoor and outdoor test-bed

architectural design and deployment for

simulation and physical deployment at the

Faasaleleaga Savaii location. The test-bed

is a composition of off-the-shelf and of

commercial available 802.11 MIXED

MODE products. The main task of the

FAASAL WMN is to satisfy four

conflicting requirements from different

user groups including: the Systems

Administrator, the Systems Research and

Development, the Ubiquity Broadband

Internet Users and the Organisational

Strategic and Operational Management .A

key focus of this paper is to install and

develop an overall management

infrastructure on the test-bed.

The rest of this paper is structured

as follows: Section II, discusses other

related work and analysis. Sections III and

IV focus on the problem formulation and

limitations. Section V provides a

description of the FAASALMESH.

Section VI discusses the FAASALMESH

Environment description and challenges

while section VII examines the

FAASALAMESH Management Tools.

Sections VIII, IX and X introduce the

FAASALMESH’s, Authentication

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

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Infrastructure and the Business Strategic

and Operational Management

Infrastructure. Finally, section XI

discusses the Result followed by

conclusions and the acknowledgement.

II. OTHER RELATED WORK

Martins, (2011) discuss different

approaches on network testing involving

simulation, emulation and test-beds

deployment challenges. Granelli, Riggio,

Rasheed, Miorandi and Ibars, (2009)

describe the WING/WORLD test-bed

while Sheshadri & Koutsonikolas (2011)

study the performance of link quality-

based routing metrics in an 802.11n

(WMN) using a 21-node indoor 802.11n

WMN test-bed. Romdhani et al (2011)

explore by experiments the link

performance results of the Qatar

University wireless mesh test-bed.

Friedrich, Frohn, Gubner and Lindemann

(2011) present a measurement study of the

multi-hop behaviour of the new IEEE

802.11n standard in an indoor mesh test-

bed. Halperin, Hu, Sheth and Wetherall

(2010) in their study argue that the

wireless packet delivery can be accurately

predicted using 802.11n channel state

information measurements as input to an

orthogonal frequency-division

multiplexing (OFDM) receiver model.

Khattab, Sabharwal and Knightly’s (2008)

study results showed that the 802.11n

medium access worsens flow starvation as

compared to 802.11a/b/g and designed an

asynchronous MIMO MAC protocol that

tackles the problem. Pefkianakis, Hu,

Wong, Yang and Lu (2010) examine the

MIMO based rate adaptation in an 802.11n

wireless networks in a real test-bed

infrastructure mode and proposed a MIMO

aware rate adaptation scheme. Pelechrinis,

Broustis, Salonidis, Krishnamurthy and

Mohapatra (2008) conduct an experimental

study on the behaviour of MIMO links in

different topologies and Shrivastava,

Rayanchu, Yoonj and Banerjee (2008)

studied the impact of channel bonding and

interference of an 802.11g on a 802.11n-

links in a real test-bed deployment.

Koivunen, Almers, Kolmonen, Salmi,

Richter, Tufvesson and Vainikainen

(2007) present sample results from a

measurement campaign of multi-link

MIMO channels at 5.3 GHz in an indoor

office environment. Piazza, Kirsch,

Forenza, Heath and Dandekar (2008)

demonstrate a new reconfigurable antenna

array for MIMO communication systems

that improves link capacity in closely

spaced antenna arrays. Li, Ni, Malone,

Leith, Xiao and Turletti (2009) propose an

analytical model assuming saturated

traffic. Papathanasiou and Tassiulas (2008)

investigate through simulations the

efficiency of multicast beamforming

optimization over the IEEE 802.11n

WLAN. Bicket, Aguayo, Biswas and

Morris (2005) conducte a comprehensive

measurement study in a 37-node 802.11b

outdoor mesh network and finally,

ElRakabawy, Frohn and Lindemann

(2010) present a scalable dual-radio

wireless test-bed for emulating mesh

networks.

III. PROBLEM FORMULATION

In the related works, different authors

produce various concepts of the wireless

mesh network technology and test-beds

simulations/emulation experiments and

results. The Faasaleleaga WMN developed

designed test-bed is based on the off-the-

shelve and proprietary IEEE.802.11a/b/g/n

products (since the commercial sector is

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

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responsible in designing new combinations

based on the newly released IEEE802.11n

standards).

The FAASALMESH’s

contribution to the literature includes the

following:

A. A description of the FAASAL

WMN IEEE.802 a/b/g/n indoor and

outdoor test-bed architectural design for

simulation and emulation deployment.

B. The Test-bed Management

Infrastructure:

i. Management tools for Analysis.

ii. The Management control

infrastructure.

iii. The Authentication Infrastructure.

iv. The Business and Information

Technology Infrastructure.

IV. LIMITATIONS

The FAASALMESH is yet to be

physically built and tested. The test-bed

will be located at the Faasaleleaga location

where it will be used for simulation and so

that to allow for continuous research and

experimentations in an effort to maintain

and enhance scalability and reliability

while at the same time performing in the

operation mode for public and commercial

use.

V. THE FAASALMESH TEST-

BED

The main task of the FAASAL WMN is to

satisfy four conflicting requirements from

different user groups including:

i. Systems Administrator – who

monitors the overall

FAASALMESH performance

ii. Ubiquity Broadband Internet

users-who demands a reliable

network operations

iii. Organisational Strategic and

Operational Management - who

is responsible in the execution of

business operation and improve

ROI

iv. Research and Development

Team – who performs ongoing

scientific testing and maintain

scalability and reliability.

V.I THE FAASALMESH TEST-

BED ARCHITECTURE

This test-bed is a composition of off-the-

shelf and commercial available 802.11

MIXED MODE (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n

standards) components. Table 1

summarizes all software and hardware

used for this test-bed.

Table 1: FAASALMESH TEST-BED

COMPONENTS

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Each mesh node is a Dell desktop PC

equipped with a Wistron Neweb CM9

Atheros 802.11a/b/g/n Dualband mPCI

5004 chipset wireless card see Figures 2

& 3 with two external antennas . In

addition, all wireless cards operate in an ad

hoc mode and connects to a laptop which

runs a BackTrack Linux security and

management software as depicted in

Figure 4 where all network node

configurations are made and for

backhauling traffic (discussed in details in

Section VII)

Figure 2:Atheros 802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band mPCI

Architecture

Figure 3:Atheros 802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band mPCI

Architecture

Figure 4: OS Linux 64 BackTrack 5 kernel

2.6.38: Source: BackTrack-linux Organisation

(2013).

The Network Interface Cards (NICs) of the

mesh routers are connected to a Laird 3x3

sectorized MIMO directional antenna

array, while end-user stations are attached

to a Laird omni-directional antenna. All

wireless cards operate in an ad-hoc mode

while all nodes support a variety of ad hoc

routing protocols, such as the Optimized

Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and

the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector

(AODV) in addition to the preparatory

routing protocols. Further, each NIC

connects to a laptop which runs a Linux 64

BackTrack 5 kernel OS in which all

network node configurations are made. In

addition to the preparatory routing

protocols, each wireless node further

possesses a Gigabit Ethernet NIC wired

host in the subnet allowing wireless

experiments to be managed from a remote

computer whereby traces can be analysed

through the wired network. The IEEE

802.11a/b/g/n standard supports 11

different channels. According to the

IEEE 802.11 specifications, channels 1,

6, and 11 are non-overlapping.

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However, in practice, non-overlapping

channels strongly depend on the vendor of

the corresponding network cards and may

strongly vary. For example; the mesh may

use the different channels (from 2.402

GHz to 2.483 GHz) with maximum

different channels transmit power of

19dBm, and data rate of 2Mbps.

VI. FAASALMESH

ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION

AND CHALLENGES

The building structure of the FAASAL

WMN Engineering will be based on a

structure of a small two-floor building

with indoor areas separated by the outdoor

and set up as depicted in Figure 5.

Moreover, more than 20 nodes and 20

WLAN access points will be deployed

throughout the home and commercial

environments supporting 802.11a/b/g and

n standards. In addition access points will

send frequent beacons in idle mode and

have automatic channel settings, which

will allow APs to change channel setting

dynamically. More than 20 nodes will be

deployed throughout the external

environment and this number is expected

to increase in a speedy fashion until the

entire island is covered. Therefore,

regarding the various environmental issues

described above it is important that a set of

measurements experiments to characterize

the wireless channel propagation during

intra-cell and inter-cell communication

need to be conducted which may help

identify adequate placement of the

FAASALMESH nodes. For now, based on

the current assumed calculations: one of

the ways to help increase the

FAASALMESH connectivity and connect

the isolated nodes to the mesh network is

to define appropriate tools for

troubleshooting and maintenance of the

test-bed and this will be discussed in the

next section.

Figure 5: FAASAL WMN TEST BED ON LOCATION FOR DEPOLYMENT

VII. FAASALAMESH

MANAGEMENT TOOLS

This section describes the FAASALMESH

management systems tools and

performance architecture. Changing the

network configuration, deploying and

running experiments should not affect the

availability of internet access. While the

focus of the FAASALMESH required the

development of several tools to automate

software and configuration deployment in

the test-bed, services such as

authentication, TCP, DHCP and DNS need

to remain available within the setup.

Moreover, the troubleshooting and

maintenance of the test-bed can provide

challenges especially as the number of

nodes increase. Some of these tools may

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have already included in the commercial

products. The tools support the following

major functionalities:

A. FAASALMESH Configuration

Tool:

The configuration Tool is characterized by

the following features:

Automatic configuration of the

wireless MadiWiFi driver on all the

mesh nodes.

Automatic configuration Tools for

Static nodes.

Query and compare the

configuration of all mesh nodes for

troubleshooting.

B. The FAASALMESH Test-bed

Link State Tool

Given that this test-bed is yet to be tested,

for now, it is important to note that the

FAASALMESH develops in future a link

tool that can provide an automatic

measuring of wireless link quality to get a

snapshot of the test-bed link state during

the performance of research studies.

C. The GHz Spectrum Management

The indoor/outdoor network comprises

more than 20 nodes which will be

deployed on rooftops, special purpose

mounts or inside buildings which spans

three different hardware architectures

including the: ARM, MIPS and x86.

The ARM architecture describes a family

of Reduced Instruction Set Computing

(RISC) based 32 bit instruction set

architecture computer processors to power

desktop machines smartphones, digital

televisions set-top boxes and mobile

computers etc.

C.2 MIPS Architecture

The MIPS Architecture defines a control

register set as well as the instruction set.

The million instructions per second (MIPS)

architecture is the general measure of

computing performance and, by

implication, the amount of work a larger

computer can do (Search Data Centre

Website, 2013) . For example, for large

servers or mainframes, MIPS is a way to

measure the cost of computing, the more

MIPS delivered for the money, the better

the value.

C . 3 X64-84 Architecture

The x64-86 (also known as x64, x86_64

and amd64) is the 64-bit version of the

x86 instruction set. It supports vastly

larger amounts of virtual memory and

physical memory than is possible on its

predecessors, thus allowing programs to

store larger amounts of data in the

memory.

D. The Linux BackTrack

Operation System (OS)

The Linux 64 BackTrack 5 kernel 2.6.38

OS provides users with easy access to a

comprehensive and large collection of

security-related tools ranging from port

scanners to Security Audit. The new

version 5 is characterised by the following:

Based on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

Linux kernel 2.6.38 (with wireless

injection patches)

KDE 4.6

GNOME 2.6

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32-bit and 64-bit support

Metasploit 3.7.0

Forensics mode (a forensically

sound instance)

Stealth mode (without generating

network traffic)

Initial ARM image of BackTrack

(for Android-powered devices)

2. BackTrack Security Tools

The BackTrack includes many security

tools including:

Metasploit for integration

Wi-Fi drivers supporting monitor

mode (rfmon mode) and packet

injection

Wireshark (formerly known as

Ethereal)

Hydra

Cisco OCS Mass Scanner, a very

reliable and fast scanner for Cisco

routers with telnet and enabling of

a default password.

3. Linux BackTrack Categories

The BackTrack Arranges Tools into 12

categories:

1) Information gathering

2) Vulnerability assessment

3) Exploitation tools

4) Privilege escalation

5) Maintaining access

6) Reverse engineering

7) RFID tools

8) Stress testing

9) Forensics

10) Reporting tools

11) Services

12) Miscellaneous

E. The Spectrum Analyzer

A received signal strength indicator (RSSI)

is a measurement of the power present in a

received radio signal as in

telecommunications. The RSSI is a generic

radio receiver technology metric and is

often done in the intermediate frequency

(IF) stage before the IF amplifier. The Wi-

Spy 2.4i entry-level 2.4 GHz spectrum

analyzer is used to capture the RSSI

statistics and real-time transmit signal

power spectral density (PSDs) across the

2.4 GHz band. Under windows, the device

can scan the frequency range of (2.4-

2.492) GHz in 375 kHz steps and report

per-second RSSI readings in the range of

(-102 to 6.5) dBm in 0.5 dBm steps. Under

Linux, the device can scan the frequency

range of (2.4-2.483) GHz in every 30 ms

in 199 kHz steps.

VIII. FAASALMESH

AUTHENTICATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

The FAASALMESH need to have an

authentication and accounting services that

will enable providing wireless internet

access to staff and networks. Figure 6

demonstrates the usual authentication and

accounting services that would be

expected from any WiFi access network.

The FAASAL Authentication

Infrastructure groups include:

v. The FAASAL Systems

Administrator

vi. The FASSAL Ubiquity Broadband

Internet users

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

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vii. The FASSAL Organisational

Strategic and Operational

Management

viii. The FAASAL Research and

Development Team

A. The FreeRadius Software

In this area the widely deployed open

source FreeRADIUS software tool which

consists of a command-line interface is

used to configure the FAASAL

Authentication Infrastructure. The

FreeRADIUS is designed for running on

Unix, Linux and other Unix-like operating

systems by default. When a user tries to

authenticate to the network, the

authenticator at the WiFi access point

communicates with the RADIUS server.

Using challenge-based protocols, the

RADIUS server determines whether the

credentials provided by a user are valid

and decides whether or not to allow the

user to join the network or rejects him/her.

Figure 6: FAASAL Authentication

Infrastructure

IX FAASALMESH BUSINESS

STRATEGIC AND OPERATION

MANAGEMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

The FAASALMESH realizes that the

MESH is a business providing services to

the community. This section focuses on

developing Business Management Tools

for measuring performance and improve

returns on investment. Information is

power and a vital business asset.

Therefore, business success relies upon

data warehousing solutions to collect data

from key line of business systems. This

creates visibility of business performance

across an organisation and provides

insights into process improvements,

facilitates business planning and helps the

organisation retain competitive edge. The

FAASALMESH uses SAP’s two key

business intelligence platforms namely:

SAP BusinessObjects and SAP

BusinessObjects RDS.

A. SAP BusinessObjects

SAP BusinessObjects can sit on the

desktop and will enable visibility of

business performance right across an

organisation. It can empowers users to

make effective informed decisions with

minimal dependence on IT resources and

developers.

B. BusinessObjects RDS

The UXC Oxygen SAP BusinessObjects

(BOBJ) BI4 Rapid Deployment Solution

provides customers with a straight-forward

upgrade to a sophisticated business

intelligence platform. The SAP

BusinessObjects BI 4 features include:

©30 June 2013 Samoa Savaii FAASALMESH Leutele Lucia Maria Grey

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Installation of SAP

BusinessObjects BI 4

System configuration

Content migration

System documentation

Knowledge transfer

Future use recommendation

X RESULTS

The FAASALMESH IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n

MIMO standards indoor and outdoor test-bed

combines the off-the-shelf and commercial

products components. The key objective is to

design a management infrastructure. The test-

bed aims to satisfy four main requirements

from different user groups which includes: the

systems administrator, Research and

development, Internet Users and the

Organisations Strategic and operational

management user groups. The

FAASALMESH introduces a complete

management infrastructure components

namely: Configuration Tools, test-bed link

state tool, GHz Spectrum Management

hardware architectures (ARM, MIPS and

x86), the BackTrack Linux OS which is

arranged in the following categories:

Information gathering, Vulnerability

assessment, Exploitation tools, Privilege

escalation, Maintaining access, Reverse

engineering, RFID tools, Stress testing,

Forensics, Reporting tools, Services and

Miscellaneous. The Spectrum Analyzer

Wi-Spy 2.4i is used to capture RSSI

statistics and real-time transmit signal

PSDs across the 2.4 GHz band. We present

a unique FAASAL Authentication

Infrastructure which uses the FreeRADIUS

software which runs on the Unix, Linux

and other Unix-like operating systems.

Finally, the FAASALMESH introduces its

unique business internetwork aspect by

realising the importance of the network as

a business. Hence the adoption of the two

of SAP’s key business intelligence

platforms: SAP BusinessObjects and SAP

BusinessObjects RDS. Finally, services

such as TCP, DHCP and DNS remain

available within the FAASAL system

setup.

XI CONCLUSION

The purpose of this study is to describe the

FAASAL Wireless Mesh Network

(WMN) network management systems and

tools, performance architecture and

analysis. This paper described the

developed FAASAL indoor and outdoor

IEEE.802.11 a/b/g/n test-bed. The other

related work shows that different authors

produce various concepts of the WMN

technology and test-beds simulations and

emulation deployment. The main task of

the FAASAL WMN is to satisfy four

conflicting requirements from different

user groups. We proposed a unique aspect

of the FAASALMESH that differentiate it

from other mesh test-beds. Finally, we

developed and discuss a complete

management infrastructure for different

areas of the mesh and introduces unique

management authentication infrastructure

and business infrastructure for the

network.

XII ACKNOWLEDGES

The author wishes to acknowledge

Whitireia NZ Educational Institute,

Porirua.

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