Ac Design Uc

8/18/2019 Ac Design Uc

1/45

A/C DESIGN – UNDER

CARRIAGE TEAM

Anupriya

Manish Raghuwanshi

Manish YadavRageshree

Piyush ap!!r

rishna Meh"a

Shu#hra

An$!% u$arArs%an Ra&

San'ay Mahesh

Shu#ha$ Agarwa%

Raghuveer S!ni

A#hay s a


2/45

(ha" is Under)arriage *

Under)arriage is "he par" !, a $!ving vehi)%e "ha" isundernea"h "he $ain #!dy !, "he vehi)%e-

The "er$ !rigina%%y app%ied "! "his par" !, a h!rse.

drawn )arriage and usage has sin)e #r!adened "! in)%ude0

• The %anding gear !, an air)ra,"-

• The )hassis !, an au"!$!#i%e-

• The under)arriage asse$#%y !, a "rain )ar !r %!)!$!"ive

in)!rp!ra"ing "he "rain whee% se"s suspensi!n #ra1es and inp!wered uni"s "he "ra)"i!n $!"!rs-

• The "ra)"!r "reads !, a "ra)"!r !r "an1-

• The under,ra$e !, a %!)!$!"ive-


3/45

DUNLOP TYRES ..... MANIS2 RAG2U(ANS2I


4/45

THESIS ON DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

• Modelling and Simulations help us in evaluate new design and reducing cost and

effort to optimize final design.

• Number of sample from the rubber compounds and reinforcement were used to

characterise the elastic, hyper-elastic and viscoelastic behaviour of material.

• Checks should be done such as profile growth, sidewall deformation, footprint,

contact pressure and load-deformation data.

• Simulation was carried out to investigate when and where the failure in tyre

occurs and compares it with what happens in real-world.

• yre geometry and forces investigated through it.


5/45

The life of aircraft tyres can be extended by! .Maintenance of correct inflation pressure

Consideration of "#$

Consideration of aircraft operation

Cost Estiation%&periencing-unacceptable wear rate

Costs about '(,)** a piece, demonstrates +adeuate

wear


6/45

AUTO BRAKE SYSTEM..... Piyush ap!!r


7/45

Au"! #ra1e Sys"e$

• An auto brake is a"ype !, au"!$a"i)whee%.#ased hydrau%i)#ra1e sys"e$ ,!r

advan)ed airp%anes-

• I" is n!r$a%%y ena#%edduring "a1e!3 and

%anding pr!)edures in!rder "! 1eep "he pi%!",ree "! per,!r$ !"her"as1s-


8/45


9/45

LANDING GEAR..... Rageshree 6 rishna


10/45

Purp!se !, %anding gear

• Pr!vides suspensi!n sys"e$ During Ta7i Ta1e!3 and%anding-

• Pr!vides s"ru)"ura% supp!r"-

• Pr!vides $aneuvera#i%i"y-

•

Pr!vides a $ean "! a#s!r# %!ads-

• Pr!vides #ra1ing and dire)"i!na% )!n"r!% !, "heair)ra,"-


11/45

Three common tye! o" #an$%n&&ear


12/45

Design )!nsidera"i!ns

• Ma7i$u$ s"reng"h

• Mini$u$ weigh"

•2igh re%ia#i%i"y

• 5vera%% air)ra," in"egra"i!n

• 4!w )!s"

•Air&e%d )!$pa"i#i%i"y

• 4anding Gear sh!u%d %!)a"e near "he)en"er gravi"y 8CG9 !, "he p%ane-


13/45

4anding gear deve%!p$en"s

• N!ise redu)"i!n

•Gear up %anding preven"i!n sys"e$

• Use !, Advan)ed Ma"eria%s


14/45

Cha%%enges in designing

• (eigh"

•Per,!r$an)e

• :!%u$e

• 4i,e

•Deve%!p$en" "i$e


15/45

'on(ent%ona# L....... A#hay S A


16/45

C!nven"i!na% 4anding gear

• C!nven"i!na% %anding gear

!r "ai%whee%."ype %anding gear isan air)ra," under)arriage )!nsis"ing !,"w! $ain whee%s ,!rward !,"he )-g and a s$a%% whee% !r s1id "!supp!r" "he "ai%-

• The "er$ conventional persis"s ,!rhis"!ri)a% reas!ns #u" n!wadays$!s" air)ra,";in)%uding a%% 'e" air)ra,";are )!n&gured wi"h "ri)y)%e gear-


17/45

S!$e e7a$p%es• Cessna

• de 2avi%%and Canada D2C.?@eaver

• Denny i",!7

• Gru$$an Ag Ca"

•Mau%e M.=

• Piper .B Cu#

• :ans R:.


18/45

Advan"ages

• Due "! i"s s$a%%er sie "he "ai%whee% has %ess parasi"i) drag "han a n!sewhee% a%%!wing "he )!nven"i!na% geared air)ra," "! )ruise a" a higherspeed !n "he sa$e p!wer-

• Tai%whee%s are %ess e7pensive "! #uy and $ain"ain "han a n!se whee%- I, a"ai%whee% ,ai%s !n %anding "he da$age "! "he air)ra," wi%% #e $ini$a%-

• This is n!" "he )ase in "he even" !, a n!se whee% ,ai%ure whi)h usua%%y

resu%"s in a pr!p s"ri1e-• Tai%whee% air)ra," are easier "! &" in"! s!$e hangars-

• Due "! "he in)reased pr!pe%%er )%earan)e !n "ai%whee% air)ra," %ess s"!ne)hip da$age wi%% resu%" ,r!$ !pera"ing a )!nven"i!na% geared air)ra," !nr!ugh !r grave% airs"rips-

• @e)ause !, "he way air,ra$e %!ads are dis"ri#u"ed whi%e !pera"ing !nr!ugh gr!und "ai%whee% air)ra," are #e""er a#%e "! sus"ain "his "ype !, use!ver a %!ng peri!d !, "i$e wi"h!u" )u$u%a"ive air,ra$e da$age !))urring-

• Tai%whee% air)ra," are $!re sui"a#%e ,!r !pera"i!n !n s1is-


19/45

Disadvan"ages

• Tai%whee% air)ra," are $u)h $!re su#'e)" "! n!se.!ver a))iden"sdue "! in'udi)i!us app%i)a"i!n !, #ra1es #y "he pi%!"-

• C!nven"i!na% geared air)ra," are $u)h $!re sus)ep"i#%e "! gr!und%!!ping-

• A gr!und %!!p !))urs when dire)"i!na% )!n"r!% is %!s" !n "he gr!und

and "he "ai% !, "he air)ra," passes "he n!se swapping ends ins!$e )ases )!$p%e"ing a ,u%% )ir)%e-

• Tai%whee% air)ra," genera%%y su3er ,r!$ p!!rer ,!rward visi#i%i"y !n"he gr!und )!$pared "! n!se whee% air)ra,"-

• Tai%whee% air)ra," are $!re diF)u%" "! "a7i during high wind

)!ndi"i!ns due "! "he higher ang%e !, a""a)1 !n "he wings whi)h)an "hen deve%!p $!re %i," !n !ne side $a1ing )!n"r!% diF)u%" !ri$p!ssi#%e-


20/45

GROUND 'ARRIAGE......... Anupriya)ha%u1ya


21/45

Groun$ carr%a&e

Gr!und p!wer assis"ed "a1e!3 and %anding )!n)ep"- a %anding gear sys"e$ )!nne)"ed "! "he gr!und !n

whi)h air)ra," )an "a1e !3 and %and Te)hni)a% ,easi#i%i"y #eing inves"iga"ed- I" wi%% redu)e .


22/45

GROLAS ) GABRIEL

• GROLAS or Groun$*ba!e$ Lan$%n& &ear Sy!tem+ @eing deve%!ped sin)e ?>>J #y a 2a$#urg.#ased )!$pany in )!!pera"i!n

wi"h "he Te)hni)a% Universi"y !, 2a$#urg and "he Ger$an Aer!spa)e Cen"er- Mar1e" en"ry 0 ?>BH Kun)"i!n

• GABRIEL or Inte&rate$ Groun$ an$ on*boar$ !y!tem"or !uort o" the A%rcra"t Sa"e Takeo, an$ Lan$%n&-

This is a resear)h pr!'e)" L s"ar"ed in ?>


23/45

A.' UNDER'ARRIAGEARRANGEMENTS

***** Man%!h Ya$a( )Ar!#an


24/45

*

A/C Under)arriage Arrange$en"s

4arge air)ra," su)h as $!dern passenger air)ra,")an have )!$p%i)a"ed %anding gear arrange$en"s-

– The pi)"ure sh!ws an Air#us AB> under)arriage 'us" a""he p!in" !, "!u)hd!wn-

Main ‘wing’

undercarriageMain !body"

#ndercarria$e


25/45

*

Under)arriageC!nsidera"i!ns

T! $a1e sure "he air)ra," "ai% d!es n!" hi" "hegr!und !n "a1e.!3 !r %anding "he $ain whee%s $us"#e #ehind "he Centre of Gravity -

I, "hey are "!! ,ar #a)1 very high %!ads wi%% #e"a1en !n "he n!se whee% during %andings whi)h$ay )ause i" "! )!%%apse-

Main uni"s are !,"en

re"ra)"ed in"! "he wings8!r "he #!dy ,!r %argerair)ra,"9-


26/45

*

(hee% Uni"s

• A%% !, "hese ,a)"!rs $ean "ha"

"he under)arriage p!si"i!ns$us" #e very )are,u%%ydesigned-

• Ea)h $ain.whee% uni" )!nsis"s

!, a sing%e d!u#%e "ande$ !r#!gie uni" !, ,!ur !r $!rewhee%s-

• There are even $!re varia"i!ns"han "his #u" "hey are n!")!$$!n-

• As air)ra," #e)!$e heavier "he%!ading !n a sing%e whee%in)reases %eading "! a grea"in)rease in "he da$age d!ne "!runways-


27/45

*

4!ad Dis"ri#u"i!n• @y having "he weigh" spread

!ver a nu$#er !, whee%s "he)!n"a)" pressure !, "heunder)arriage is redu)ed-

• This %eads "! redu)edunder)arriage weigh" and

in)reased sa,e"y i, a "yre#urs"s !n %anding-

• The new Air#us ABJ> has ??whee%s

• K!ur $ain uni"s ? wi"h ,!ur.

whee% #!gies and ? wi"h whee%.#!gies and a d!u#%en!se.whee% uni"-


28/45

*

Mi%i"ary Air)ra," E7a$p%es

This is n!se %anding gear !,"he @!eing G!shaw1 air)ra,"

The d!u#%e whee% %ay!u" isne)essary "! )!pe wi"h "he

%anding %!ads as "his air)ra,"%ands !n a Carrier-

This is !ne !, "he $ain

%anding gear ,r!$ "heEur!&gh"er Typh!!n – i"

'us" has a sing%e whee%-


29/45

*

Civi% Air)ra," E7a$p%es

The i$ages #e%!w sh!w "he $!re r!#us" whee% uni"s asu"i%ised !n )ivi% air)ra," designs-

In "his )ase #!"h i$ages are !, $ain whee% uni"s as &""ed "!"he Air#us ABJ>-

– N!"e "he nu$#er !, whee%s reuired "! dis"ri#u"e "he heavy%!ad !, "he air)ra,"


30/45

*

/ockey 0hee# Un%t!

A varia"i!n !, "he "ande$ arrange$en" is "he Jockey Unit whi)h)!$prises "w! !r "hree %evered %egs in "ande$ !n ea)h side !, "he,use%age sharing a )!$$!n h!ri!n"a% sh!)1 a#s!r#er-

A$!ngs" "he advan"ages !, "his design are e7)e%%en" r!ugh.&e%dper,!r$an)e and "he a#i%i"y "! %!wer "he air)ra," d!wn 81nee%ing9 ,!reasier %!ading-

The uni"s a%s! re"ra)" in"! a s$a%% spa)e wi"h!u" pene"ra"ing in"!

"he %!ad spa)e- This $a1es "his arrange$en" idea% ,!r "ransp!r"air)ra," %i1e "he 2er)u%es-

A JOCKEY UNIT ON T1E ANTONO2AN*334 MRIYA TRANSPORT

AIR'RA5T


31/45

TRI'Y'LE LANDINGGEARS

....... San'ay 6 Shu#ha$


32/45

Tri)y)%e gear is a "ype !, air)ra," under)arriage !r landing gear arranged in a "ri)y)%e ,ashi!n-

The "ri)y)%e arrange$en" has !ne whee% in "he ,r!n" )a%%ed"he nose wheel and "w! !r $!re $ain whee%s s%igh"%y a," !,"he )en"re !, gravi"y-

A%$!s" a%% 'e".p!wered air)ra," have #een &""ed wi"h "ri)y)%e

%anding gear "! av!id "he #%as" !, h!" high.speed gases )ausingda$age "! "he gr!und sur,a)e in par"i)u%ar runways and "a7iways-

TRI'Y'LE LANDING GEAR

T % # L $% G A% #


33/45

• I" a%%!ws $!re ,!r)e,u% app%i)a"i!n !, "he #ra1es during %andings a"high speeds wi"h!u" )ausing "he air)ra," "! n!se !ver-

• I" per$i"s #e""er ,!rward visi#i%i"y ,!r "he pi%!" during "a1e!3%anding and "a7iing-

• I" "ends "! preven" gr!und %!!ping 8swerving9 #y pr!viding $!re

dire)"i!na% s"a#i%i"y during gr!und !pera"i!n-

• Sin)e "he air)ra,"Os )en"re !, gravi"y 8CG9 is ,!rward !, "he $ainwhee%s- The ,!rward CG 1eeps "he airp%ane $!ving ,!rward in as"raigh" %ine ra"her "han gr!und %!!ping-

• N!se whee%s are ei"her s"eera#%e !r )as"ering-

• S"eera#%e n!se whee%s are %in1ed "! "he rudders #y )a#%es !r r!dswhi%e )as"ering n!se whee%s are ,ree "! swive%-

Tr%cyc#e Lan$%n& Gear A%r#ane!


34/45

The "ai% whee% under)arriage d!$ina"ed air)ra," design,!r "he &rs" ,!ur de)ades !, Qigh"

This design is

inheren"%y uns"a#%e#e)ause "he p%anes)en"er !, gravi"y is%!)a"ed #ehind "he

"w! $ain gear-

"he "ai% dragger is p!!r pi%!" visi#i%i"y during "a7iing- I" is a%s! !,"endiF)u%" "! %!ad !r un%!ad heavy )arg!s #e)ause !, "he s"eep s%!pe !,

"he )a#in Q!!r- Pi%!"s and passengers are ,!r)ed "! wa%1 uphi%% during#!arding and d!wnhi%% a,"er arriva%-

+ /0%1 /1#2N$ 3##4 +

Many air)ra," a%s! re%y !n gravi"y "! #ring ,ue% ,r!$ "an1s "! "heengine and s!$e p%anes have #een 1n!wn "! have diF)u%"y

s"ar"ing "he engine #e)ause i" is uphi%% ,r!$ "he ,ue% supp%y


35/45

+ %liminate /round 1oll problem of ail dragger

+ he tricycle undercarriage includes two main gear 5ust aft of the center of

gravity and a smaller au&iliary gear near the nose

• %asier to ta&i and steer.• 6etter visibility over the nose as well as a

level cabin floor to ease passenger traffic

and cargo handling.• he aircraft is at a small angle of attack so

that the thrust of the engine is more parallel

to the direction of travel, allowing faster

acceleration during takeoff.

+ /reater weight and drag incurred by adding the large nose wheel strut.

4lanes with nose wheels almost always reuire retraction mechanisms to reduce drag. Some planes

with tricycle gear also have difficulty rotating the nose up during takeoff because the main wheels

are located so close to the elevator, and there may be insufficient control effectiveness. Similarly,

the closeness to the rudder reduces its effectiveness in counteracting crosswinds.

+ Careful balancing of weight is also important


36/45

01EEL TUG...... An$!% u$ar 6 Raghuveer


37/45

0hee# Tu& is a gr!und pr!pu%si!n sys"e$ ,!r air)ra,"whi)h pu"s a high "!rue e%e)"ri) $!"!r in"! ea)h !,

"he n!se whee%s hu#s "! a%%!w ,!r #a)1wards

$!ve$en" wi"h!u" "he use !, push#a)1 "ugs "! a%%!w,!r ,!rward $!ve$en" wi"h!u" using "he air)ra,"sengines and "! a%%!w ,!r r!"a"i!n !, "he air)ra," a" "he

ga"e


38/45

(2Y "! a%%!w ,!r r!"a"i!n !,"he air)ra," a" "he ga"e*


39/45

@y r!"a"ing "he air)ra," a" "hega"e using (hee% Tug #!"h "he

,r!n" and rear d!!r !, "he air)ra,")an #e used ,!r ,as"er #!arding-


40/45

The "w! e%e)"ri) $!"!rs in "he n!se

whee% "!ge"her are pr!'e)"ed "! weigh%ess "han 1g drives "he air)ra,"

wi"h p!wer supp%ied #y "he !n

#!ard au7i%iary p!wer uni" ra"her "han$ain engine "hrus" whi)h redu)ese$issi!ns ,ue% )!nsu$p"i!n #ra1e

wear $ain"enan)e n!ise and engineda$age ,r!$ ,!reign !#'e)" da$age-


41/45


42/45

OLEO

STRUTS ...... Shu#hra Manda%


43/45

5%e! S"ru"s• An !%e! s"ru" is an pneu$a"i) air–!i% hydrau%i) sh!)1

a#s!r#er used !n "he %anding gear !, $!s" %arge air)ra," and

$any s$a%%er !ne-• This design )ushi!ns "he i$pa)"s !, %anding and da$ps !u"

ver"i)a% !s)i%%a"i!ns-

• I" is undesira#%e ,!r an airp%ane "! #!un)e !n %anding . i")!u%d %ead "! a %!ss !, )!n"r!%-

• The %anding gear sh!u%d n!" add "! "his "enden)y-

• A s"ee% )!i% spring wi%% s"!re i$pa)" energy and "hen re%easei" . "he i$pa)" energy #eing "he ,!r)e !, "he airp%ane hi""ing"he gr!und-

• An !%e! s"ru" a#s!r#s "his energy redu)ing #!un)e-

• As "he s"ru" )!$presses "he spring ra"e in)reasesdra$a"i)a%%y #e)ause "he air is #eing )!$pressed whi%e"he vis)!si"y !, "he !i% da$pens "he re#!und $!ve$en"-

• The %arges" )arg! airp%anes in "he w!r%d %i1e "he An"!n!vAn.


44/45

ANY UESTI5NS ****


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