101European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // 11 (Issue 2). 2010

European Archives of

P A E D I A T R I C D E N T I S T R Y

Abstracts from other journals Fluoride toothpastes of different concentra-tions for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, et al. Cochrane Database of System-atic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007868. DOI:10.1002/ 14651858. CD007868.pub2.

Summary. To determine the relative effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations in pre-venting dental caries in children and adolescents, and to examine the potentially modifying effects of baseline caries level and supervised tooth brushing. A search was undertaken on Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and several other data-bases up to 8 June 2009. Randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials comparing flu-oride toothpaste with placebo or fluoride toothpaste of a different concentration in children up to 16 years of age with a follow-up period of at least 1 year were inc-lused. The primary outcome was caries increment in the permanent or deciduous dentition as measured by the change in decayed, (missing), filled tooth surfaces (D(M)FS/d(m)fs) from baseline. 75 studies were included, of which 71 studies comprising 79 trials contributed data to the network meta-analysis, network meta-regression or meta-analysis. Comment. This review confirms the benefits of using fluoride toothpaste in preventing caries in children and adolescents when compared to placebo, but only significantly for fluoride concentrations of 1000 ppm and above. The relative caries preventive effects of fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations increase with higher fluoride concentration. The decision of what fluoride levels to use for children under 6 years should be balanced with the risk of fluorosis.

Autotransplantation of an immature pre-molar, with the aid of cone beam CT and computer-aided prototyping: a case report. Keightley AJ, Cross DL, McKerlie RA, Brocklebank L. Dental Traumatology 2010 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print] DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00851.x

Summary. The case presented describes the man-agement of a 9-year-old girl with congenitally absent upper lateral incisors and a severely ectopic left maxil-lary canine. Cone beam CT was used in combination with computer-aided prototyping to produce a surgical template of an immature mandibular second premolar. This was used to prepare the transplant site before the donor tooth was extracted, greatly reducing the time from extraction to implantation. The tooth remains vital at 6 months post-transplant. Compared to previous studies, the use of cone beam CT to create a 3D pro-totype reduced radiation dose compared to spiral CT and drastically reduced the extra-oral time of the donor tooth from extraction to transplantation.

Comment. Cone beam CT is providing an ever-increas-ing array of benefits to Paediatric Dentistry. This paper provides an excellent series of images demonstrating the benefits of autotransplantation with the improved surgical procedure brought about by the innovative use of a surgical template formed from a Cone beam CT scan.

The child who refuses to undergo anesthesia and surgery: a case scenario-based discuss-ion of the ethical and legal issues. H. Walker. Pediatric Anesthesia 2009;19:1017–1021

Summary. Situations where children refuse to undergo anesthesia and surgery can be challenging for anesthet-ists. Clear legal guidelines are lacking and decisions often need to be made with a degree of urgency. When a child refuses to cooperate with the induction of anesthe-sia, it is important to consider the autonomous capacity of the child, the presence of a legally valid consent from a suitable guardian, the urgency with which the surgery needs to proceed and the practical implications of pro-ceeding without the child’s cooperation. In this article, case scenarios are used to demonstrate how these considerations can be applied in practice. Comment. The child who refuses to undergo anaesthesia and/or dental treatment will not be unusual to any Paediatric Dentist. This paper focuses on the legal frameworks in place within New Zealand whilst drawing on UK legisla-tion that has been instrumental in the consent debate. Regardless of the legal variations worldwide, these case based scenarios can be considered to universally serve as a clear reminder of the paramount importance of placing a child’s best interests foremost in any situation of consent and assent. We are also reminded that in those situations where despite a lack of competency to make an autonomous decision, a child still has a right to have their views heard and considered.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta due to a mutation of the enamlin gene: Clinical case with genotype-phenotype correlations. RG Lindemeyer, CW Gibson, TJ Wright. Pediatr Dent 2010;32:56-60Summary. The major protein components of the enamel matrix include the most abundant amelogenin proteins as well as less plentiful proteins such as enamelin and ameloblastin. The enamel defect in amelogensis imper-fecta (AI) generally results in enamel that is too thin (hypoplastic) or too soft (hypocalcification or hypomatu-ration). Previous reports indicate that mutations in the human enamlin gene (ENAM) cause hypoplastic AI through autosomal dominance inheritance patterns and patients may also exhibit an anterior open bite. Although crown resorption of unerupted teeth occurs more frequently in AI patients, this finding has not been previously associated with known ENAM mutations. The purpose of this article was to report the genotype-phenotype correlations for a 9-year, 11-month-old boy with homozygous ENAM mutation (c.1258_1259insAG). Comment. This paper gives further information con-cerning the inheritance of AI and indicates that it may be possible in the not too distant future to determine the specific AI genotype and associated AI phenotype before rendering treatment. This will allow the best practice approach targeted to each child. It will allow an appropriate preventive and restorative program of dental care to be implemented.

Graeme Wright

102European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // 11 (Issue 2). 2010

European Archives of

P A E D I A T R I C D E N T I S T R Y

Call for NominationsNominations from Active members are requested for various administrative roles in the manage-ment of the EAPD, elected members will take office at the EAPD Congress in Harrogate on June 2nd, 2010. The constitution of the EAPD determines that each elected member shall serve for no more than six years in any one position. Below are the names of the present members of the EAPD board and the year of first appointment.

Executive BoardPresident: Nick Lygidakis (2006) automatically becomes past-President

President-elect: Norbert Kraemer (2008) automatically becomes President

President-elect: nominations required

Secretary: Paddy Fleming is continuing.

Treasurer: Jack Toumba’s term of office fin-ishes in December 2010, nominations required.

Assist. Secretary (memberships): Cheryl Butz is continuing

Also as previously announced Martin Curzon wishes to step down as Editor in Chief (after 10 years in post) and as ex-officio member of the Board at the end of 2010. Nominations are requested for this post.

Nominations for these positions should be sent in writing, supported by the signatures of at least two active members of EAPD and the signature of the nominee, to the Chairman of Nomination Committee by mail/fax/e-mail to:

Professor R.R. WelburyGlasgow Dental Hospital & School, 378, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, G2 3JZ.Fax No. +44 – (0)141-331-2146.E-mail: r.welbury@dental.gla.ac.uk

It should arrive no later than May 10th, 2010.

The nomination committee also wants nomina-tions for the following committees:

Education committee.

Credentials committee.

Nomination committee.

Finally, members of the EAPD Council are nominated or elected by their national group of paediatric dentists. As with all positions, incum-bents may serve for only six years.

ErratumIn the February issue of the EAPD (Volume 11, issue 1) some errors occurred in the tables of the paper:

JG Lee, LB Messer. Intake of sweet drinks and sweet treats versus reported and observed caries experience. 2010;11(1):5-17.

In the headings of tables 2, 3 and 5 the letter designating the number of subjects should be N and not W. In table 5 the subgroup should be ‘…subgroup(N=100) of Australian children.’ – and not 1,000.

In Table 7 there is a misalignment of the data in the lower half of the table. The top half of the table is cor-rectly aligned. Therefore, the lower half alignment is off by half a line and should be:

Visible plaque 11 (11) na 6(6) 54 (54) na 29 (29)

Gingivitis 10 (10) na 7 (7) 41 (41) na 42 (42)

Areas of enamel 9 (9) 0 8 (8) 57 (57) 3 (3) 23 (23)

Enamel hypoplasia 17 (17) na 0 80 (80) na 3 (3)

Molar-incisor 14 (14) na 3 (3) 68 (68) na 15 (15)

Please enter these corrections in your copy. The Editor apologises and regrets these transcription errors.