ABSTRACT

An abstract is a summary of a piece of writing such as a paper, article, or book. It appears at

the beginning of the document. The main ideas from the content should be covered in the

abstract. The length of this introduction should be no more than 10% of the length of the

document, typically a paragraph about 125 words in length. The reader is introduced to the

document's chief content in the abstract. The reader will often decide whether or not to read

on after scanning the abstract.

A good abstract will include the purpose, scope, method (if appropriate), results,

recommendations, and conclusions of an article or other document. The abstract is located

directly after the title page on its own page. The heading at the top of the page is "Abstract."

The paragraph should not be indented.

An example of an effective abstract is:

This paper examines the organizational culture at Newport Business Institute in western

Pennsylvania. Newport Business Institute is a privately owned online educational institution

that has developed an organizational culture that contributes to achieving its mission.

Complimentary to Newport Business Institute's mission statement is a set of objectives or

values that set the tone for the educational organizational culture. The institute meets its

mission and objectives through an open systems approach and through empowering faculty

and students. Politics play a minor role at Newport Business Institute; however, social values,

culture, and ethics play a large role. The institute nurtures a stable, growing educational

organizational environment. (Calvano, 2011, Abstract).

REFERENCE

Calvano, B. (2011). Organizational culture. Retrieved from University of Phoenix EDD/712

Leadership in Contemporary Organization website.