Do NowDo Now

�� How would a king or dictator establish control How would a king or dictator establish control

over a country?over a country?

�� How would a king or dictator maintain control How would a king or dictator maintain control �� How would a king or dictator maintain control How would a king or dictator maintain control

once he established power?once he established power?

Large ArmiesLarge Armies Religious Religious ConflictConflict

Heavy TaxesHeavy Taxes

Absolute MonarchsAbsolute Monarchs

Challenges to theChallenges to the

Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Wealth from Wealth from

ColoniesColonies

Absolute MonarchsAbsolute Monarchs

Absolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute MonarchsAbsolute Monarchs

Thesis Statement: The large armies, heavy taxes, Thesis Statement: The large armies, heavy taxes, religious conflict, and the expansion of colonial religious conflict, and the expansion of colonial empires contributed to the development and empires contributed to the development and maintenance of absolute monarchs in Europe.maintenance of absolute monarchs in Europe.

Philip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of SpainPhilip II, King of Spain�� Strict CatholicStrict Catholic-- no no

religious freedom religious freedom

�� Expanded empire at firstExpanded empire at first

�� Strict ruling style Strict ruling style

eventually hurt economyeventually hurt economy

�� Art and Literature Art and Literature

End of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s ReignEnd of Philip II’s Reign

�� He lost control of He lost control of

Spain’s colonies in the Spain’s colonies in the

NetherlandsNetherlands

�� Spanish Armada defeated Spanish Armada defeated Spanish Armada defeated Spanish Armada defeated

by British in 1588by British in 1588

�� Spain’s empire was Spain’s empire was

surpassed by the Britishsurpassed by the British

Art and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in SpainArt and Literature in Spain

Elizabeth I, Queen of Great BritainElizabeth I, Queen of Great Britain

�� Used Machiavellian Used Machiavellian

techniquestechniques

�� Refused to get marriedRefused to get married

�� Great Britain became a Great Britain became a �� Great Britain became a Great Britain became a

world powerworld power

�� Maintained the authority Maintained the authority

of Anglican Churchof Anglican Church

�� Cultural Renaissance Cultural Renaissance

“Against the envy of less happier lands, “Against the envy of less happier lands,

This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.”This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.”

Louis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIVLouis XIV The Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun KingThe Sun King

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

�� Built Versailles.Built Versailles.

�� Expanded French Expanded French

Empire.Empire.Empire.Empire.

�� Strong Economy until Strong Economy until

later.later.

�� Considered one of the Considered one of the

most powerful kings most powerful kings

ever.ever.

Accomplishments of Louis XIVAccomplishments of Louis XIV

Methods of Maintaining PowerMethods of Maintaining Power

�� High Taxes equals strong High Taxes equals strong

army.army.

�� Versailles Versailles

�� Decreased power of Decreased power of �� Decreased power of Decreased power of

nobles.nobles.

�� Patron of the art, plays, Patron of the art, plays,

and opera.and opera.

�� Divine Right Divine Right ��

Questions about Louis XIVQuestions about Louis XIV

�� Explain the quote: “Keep your friends close and Explain the quote: “Keep your friends close and your enemies closer.”your enemies closer.”

�� Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?�� Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?Why did Louis XIV build Versailles?

�� What does Versailles tell us about Louis XIV?What does Versailles tell us about Louis XIV?

�� “L’etat c’est moi.” “L’etat c’est moi.” -- I am the state.I am the state.

Czar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the GreatCzar (Caesar) Peter the Great

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

�� Westernizes RussiaWesternizes Russia--

makes it more modern makes it more modern

like Western Europelike Western Europe

�� Expands Russia to Expands Russia to

include port city of St. include port city of St.

PetersburgPetersburgPetersburgPetersburg

�� Introduces the potatoIntroduces the potato

�� Starts 1Starts 1stst newspapernewspaper

�� Improves technology Improves technology

and educationand education

Methods of Maintaining PowerMethods of Maintaining Power

�� Decreased the power of Decreased the power of

the boyarsthe boyars-- Russian Russian

NoblesNobles

�� Forced nobles to Forced nobles to Forced nobles to Forced nobles to

westernizewesternize

�� Raises taxes to pay for Raises taxes to pay for

new Western style new Western style

militarymilitary

�� Places church under the Places church under the

power of the power of the

governmentgovernment

Enlightened DespotsEnlightened Despots

�� A monarch that allowed for some reforms in his A monarch that allowed for some reforms in his

or her country, while still maintaining strong or her country, while still maintaining strong

control.control.

Enlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria TheresaEnlightened Despots: Maria Theresa

�� Expanded the Austrian Expanded the Austrian Empire early onEmpire early on

�� Numerous alliancesNumerous alliances

�� Decreased power of nobilityDecreased power of nobility

�� Religious but open to scienceReligious but open to science�� Religious but open to scienceReligious but open to science

�� Reforms for SerfsReforms for Serfs

�� Education ReformsEducation Reforms

�� Loses Territory to Prussia Loses Territory to Prussia

�� On the losing side with On the losing side with France and Russia of the France and Russia of the Seven Years WarSeven Years War

Enlightened Despots: Frederick Enlightened Despots: Frederick

the Greatthe Great�� Expanded Prussian Empire Expanded Prussian Empire

�� Took territory from Austria Took territory from Austria

�� On the winning side of the On the winning side of the

Seven Years’ War with the Seven Years’ War with the

British British British British

�� Open to Enlightenment Open to Enlightenment

thinkersthinkers

�� Tolerant of different religionsTolerant of different religions

�� Thought a king should rule Thought a king should rule

like a fatherlike a father

The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s The End of England’s

AbsoluteAbsoluteAbsoluteAbsoluteAbsoluteAbsoluteAbsoluteAbsolute MonarchyMonarchyMonarchyMonarchyMonarchyMonarchyMonarchyMonarchy

James IJames I

Charles ICharles I

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell

Starts with an absolute monarchy with Starts with an absolute monarchy with James IJames I

Becomes Commonwealth under Becomes Commonwealth under CromwellCromwell

RestorationRestoration

Charles IICharles II

James IIJames II

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

William and MaryWilliam and Mary

CromwellCromwell

Restoration brings back the Stuart KingsRestoration brings back the Stuart Kings

Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution starts a constitutional starts a constitutional

monarchmonarch

King James IKing James I

�� Ruled as absolute Ruled as absolute

monarchmonarch

�� Divine RightDivine Right

�� Attempts to increase Attempts to increase �� Attempts to increase Attempts to increase

taxes repeatedly taxes repeatedly

�� Increased tension Increased tension

between him and between him and

ParliamentParliament

Charles ICharles I

�� Maintained belief in Divine RightMaintained belief in Divine Right

�� Fights with Parliament over increasing taxesFights with Parliament over increasing taxes

�� Ended ParliamentEnded Parliament

Parliament asks military leader Oliver Cromwell Parliament asks military leader Oliver Cromwell �� Parliament asks military leader Oliver Cromwell Parliament asks military leader Oliver Cromwell

to lead an armyto lead an army

�� English Civil Starts: Charles I and Cavaliers VS. English Civil Starts: Charles I and Cavaliers VS.

Parliament and Puritans Parliament and Puritans

Result of English Civil War-

Charles I loses

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell

�� Won English Civil WarWon English Civil War

�� Fought for Parliament, Fought for Parliament,

but gets rid of them after but gets rid of them after

he winshe winshe winshe wins

�� Military Dictatorship Military Dictatorship

establishedestablished

Charles IICharles II

�� RestorationRestoration-- Parliament restores the Monarch Parliament restores the Monarch

�� Habeas Corpus is establishedHabeas Corpus is established

�� Moving towards Parliament having more powerMoving towards Parliament having more power

James IIJames II

�� He was CatholicHe was Catholic

�� Parliament does not like himParliament does not like him

�� Forced into ExileForced into Exile

Famous QuotesFamous Quotes

�� "I am the state." "I am the state." ––Louis XIVLouis XIV

�� “I have conquered an empire but not my “I have conquered an empire but not my

character.” character.” -- Peter the GreatPeter the Great

�� "My people and I have come to an agreement "My people and I have come to an agreement �� "My people and I have come to an agreement "My people and I have come to an agreement

which satisfies us both. They are to say what which satisfies us both. They are to say what

they please, and I am to do what I please." they please, and I am to do what I please." ––

Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great

Quotes Continued Quotes Continued

� “I have already joined myself in marriage to a

husband, namely the kingdom of England.” –

Queen Elizabeth

�� “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon

earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon

earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God

himself are called gods.” himself are called gods.” –– King James I King James I

�� “While other nations do battle, you lucky Austria, you “While other nations do battle, you lucky Austria, you

wed." wed." –– Maria Theresa Maria Theresa