Abraham Maslow: The Hierarchy of Needs
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Transcript of Abraham Maslow: The Hierarchy of Needs
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Abraham Maslow:The Hierarchy of Needs
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ABRAHAM MASLOW
• was a leading humanistic psychologist
• developed the
Hierarchy of Needs• promoted the concept of
self-actualization• was born in 1908,
Brooklyn, New York
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Maslow’s Early Life• was the eldest of seven
siblings• was a poor student as an
adolescent• was pressured by dad to
become an attorney• took one law class, dropped
out of college for one year• entered U of WI one year
later to study scientific psychology
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Maslow’s Professional Life• studied dominance in monkeys• received Ph.D. in experimental
psychology in 1934• was on the Brooklyn College
faculty, 1937-1951• was on the Brandeis U faculty,
1952-1969• became a fellow of Laughlin
Foundation in CA• died in 1970, age 62
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Maslow's Motivational Psychology
Abraham Maslow could be considered a motivation theorist or a personality theorist. He was a bit of both. One of his early books was titled Motivation and Personality (1954). Perhaps more revealing is the title Maslow originally wanted to use for that book: Higher Ceilings for Human Nature. Maslow dealt with "higher motives" of human beings, what might be called existential or spiritual motives. They are some of the most powerful and uniquely human motivations.
Maslow proposed an alternative: a Third Force in psychology. This type of psychology would deal with important topics neglected by the other two: topics like human fulfillment, the search for meaning, and what it meant to be psychologically healthy. Maslow teamed with Rogers, Fromm, and other psychologists to form new professional associations and launch new journals devoted to Third Force psychology, also known as humanistic psychology.
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Hierarchy of Needs
growth
emotional
physical
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Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological Needs
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Physiological Needs
• food
• water
• air
• sleep
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Food: A Most Powerful Need• South American
Rugby team crashed in 1970
• Food was the most pressing problem.
• They ate human flesh for survival.
• Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.
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Physiological Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
Safety Needs
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• from physical attack
• from emotional attack
• from fatal disease
• from invasion
• from extreme losses
(job, family members,
home, friends)
Safety Needs
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Safety: A Most Powerful Need
• when frightened, our thoughts and energies are diverted
• threat of, or actual attack creates “fight or flight” reaction
• threats to safety can be physical or emotional
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Physiological Needs
Love & Belonging Needs
Safety Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
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• Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers, family, clubs
• Affection - love and be loved
• Control - influence over others and self
Love and Belonging(social/emotional)
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Love and Belonging: A Most Powerful Need
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Esteem Needs
Love & Belonging Needs
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
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• respect from others through: awards honors status
• respect for self through: mastery achievement
competence
Esteem Needsemotional (ego)
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Esteem from Self and Others: A Most Powerful Need
Congratulations!
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Love & Belonging Needs
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-ActualizationNeeds
Hierarchy of Needs
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Some Self-Actualizing People from History
• Abraham Lincoln• Thomas Jefferson• Mahatma Gandhi• Albert Einstein• Eleanor Roosevelt • Bill Gates• Nelson Mandela
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• stop cruelty and exploitation
• encourage talent in others
• try to be a good human being
• do work one considers worthwhile
• enjoy taking on responsibilities
• prefer intrinsic satisfaction
• seek truth
• give unselfish love
• be just
Self-Actualization Needs
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B-Needs of the Self-Actualized
• Truth• Goodness• Beauty• Unity• Aliveness• Uniqueness• Perfection and
Necessity
• Completion• Justice and order• Simplicity• Richness• Effortlessness• Playfulness• Self-sufficiency• Meaningfulness
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Qualities of the Self-Actualized
• An non-hostile sense of humor• Intimate personal relationships• Acceptance of self and others• Spontaneity and simplicity• Freshness of appreciation• More peak experiences• Democratic values• Independence
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Failure to Self-Actualize
The main question often raised with Maslow's theory is: if the need for self-actualization is innate then why isn't everyone self-actualized?
Abraham Maslow, suggests that many people fail to become self-actualized because:
Higher needs are less powerful; therefore, self-actualization is the weakest of all needs.
There may be things suppressing the need, the individual may be consciously ignoring the need, or the emotional environment may not be supportive to pursing self-actualization. For example, if a girl wants to play hockey but she is raised in an environment that thinks hockey is only a boy's sport where girls don't belong, then she will deny her potential because she believes it is wrong.
It takes a lot of work to achieve self-actualization. It means discipline, self-control, overcoming challenges, and sometimes breaking free of prejudices and societal norms. Sometimes it is easier to "play safe" rather than "rock the boat".
The Jonah Complex: Maslow believed that many people fail to achieve self-actualization because they do not have confidence in their abilities. Fear and low self esteem overrule courage and they begin to doubt themselves and their potential to achieve greatness.They have not satisfied the need to know and to understand. This is actually a mini-hierarchy that overlaps Maslow's larger one, and is very important to self-actualization.
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Self-Actualization: The Highest Growth Need
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Up and the Hierarchy of Needshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iucf76E-R2s
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Journal Question:Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Consider your ISU Topic and identify 2 needs within Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs which aren’t being met.
Explain how the need is not being met and the impact it can have on the people involved. Explain how the injustice or suffering affects both the individual and or group, as well as how that impacts our society.
What can be done to meet these needs in your opinion?