ABPL90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING

doors and windows

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Zoser Complex, Egypt subterranean chamber, c 2650 BCblue faience tiles imitating reed mat walls; imitation of rush mat wall and door roll

MUAS 14,552; 14,596

Tarxien, south temple: view towards the altarMiles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple

door jamb

Miles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple

door jamb and detail

Miles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple

interpretation of the holes

Miles Lewis

Barriers from the Acropolis Tell, Susa, Iran, carrying an

dedication to Shilhak-Inshushinak, king of Anzan and Susa, mid-C12th BC, Louvre Sb 175, Sb 176

Miles Lewis

Roman door jambs at Sbeitla, TunisiaMiles Lewis

Kaymakli underground

city, Cappadocia,

probably C6th onwards

reconstruction of Kaymakli, rectilinearised, by AkokClive Foss & Paul Magdalino, Rome and Byzantium (Elsevier-Phaidon, Oxford 1977) p 101

Kaymakli: doorway with a roller stoneMiles Lewis

Kaymakliroller stone

closing systemBoz, Cappadocia, pp

62, 78

‘Abu Badd’ door closing stone,

Mt Nebo, Jordan’,

Byzantine

Miles Lewis

Egyptian false doors; false door of Kaihap, 5th Dyn, c 2450 BC, false door and offering slab of Washka, 5th Dyn, c 2400 BC, from Giza. British Museum EA1848, EA 1156A

Miles Lewis

limestone false door and architrave of Ptahshepset, 5th Dynasty, c 2400BC. British Museum, EA 682

Miles Lewis

by what mechanism

(hinge or other) could an

Egyptian door be able to

swing? sketch it if necessary

naos which contained a statue of Osiris, region of Lake Mariout near Alexandria, Egypt, c 570-526 BC: view and detail of pivot hole

Musée du Louvre, Paris: Miles Lewis

pivoting wooden door in a reconstruction Ibo house, Staunton, USA; painted wooden door of the late 19th or early 20th century: National Museum. Riyadh, 2108

Richard Byrne; Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban et al [eds], Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (Somogy Art Publishers, Paris 2010), p 56

City walls, Hattusas, c 1450-1000 BC: reconstruction of portion, and modern viewKurt Bittel, A Complete Guide to Bogazköy (Ankara, no date), p 15

Miles Lewis

Hattusas: section of wall and postern tunnel

J G Macqueen, The Hittites (London 1986 [1975]) p 67

postern tunnel, Hattusasouter doorway & interior view

Miles Lewis

postern tunnel, Hattusas: pivoting door traceMiles Lewis

Hattusas, outer door of the Royal Gatedetail of the

jamb and pivot hole

Miles Lewis

Great Temple, Hattusasthreshold with pivot hole and swing marks

Miles Lewis

?socket for a lever, or door pivot hole, at HattusasBachmann, ‘Eflatun Pinar', p 261

reconstruction of the door of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga ZanbilR Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission

Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), p 31

glass cylinders

pivot

pivot

doors of the Temple of Inshushinak,

Choga Zanbil, Iran

surviving fabric of a door

top pivots of stone

R Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the

Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie

Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), pp 31, 48-9

bronze door plating from Assur,

Shalmaneser III period (c 840 BC) and reconstructed pivoting wooden

door, Archaeological

Museum, Istanbul

Miles Lewis

reconstruction of the Balawat

gates from the palace of

Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC),

British Museum,

Miles Lewis

the Balawat gates; bronze binding strips (reassembled): British Museum ANE 121652-121653

Miles Lewis

the Balawat gates: British Museum ANE 121652-121653. detail at the pivot edge

Miles Lewis

cap for a pivot stone, in grey limestone embossed with a floral design in low relief: Persepolis Museum

Curtis & Tallis, Forgotten Empire, p 98

Roman gate pivot hole at Tiddis, Algeria, and upper door pivot hole in Roman doorway at Dougga, Tunisia (Gorgonia vicinity)

Miles Lewis

Roman house doorway at Dougga, Tunisia, with raised pivot sockets

Miles Lewis

Egyptian metal pivots for timber doorsE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols,

Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

door of building E at the Sanctuary of

Apollo Hylates, Kourion, Cyprus

Robert Scranton, ‘The Architecture of the

Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates at Kourion’, Transactions of the American Philosophical

Society, New Series, vol 57, no 5 (1967), p 16

Building E, isometric reconstruction of doorway

corner, and plan and section of threshold

Scranton, ‘The Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates ‘, p 17

Temple of Augustus & Roma, Ankara, Turkey, cella 25-20 BC, periastasis c AD 150; threshold

Miles Lewis

shop threshold, Side [Eski Antalya], Turkey, Roman periodMiles Lewis

metal pivot base from Side shopMiles Lewis

double doors as indicated on a classical threshold

E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

a Roman door pivot, Djemila Museum, AlgeriaMiles Lewis

SeveranTemple, Djemila (Cuicul), AlgeriaMiles Lewis

SeveranTemple, Djemila (Cuicul), AlgeriaMiles Lewis

tomb with a basalt door on the decumanus, Bosra, Syria, undatedMiles Lewis

basalt doors at Qasr Al-Azraq, Jordan, c AD 300 onwardsMiles Lewis

basalt door at Shaqqa, Syria,

possibly AD C6th

Miles Lewis

basalt door at Shaqqa: detail of the pivotMiles Lewis

lintel from a tomb at

Palmyra, Syria, perhaps c AD 200, showing the pivot holes

Miles Lewis

stone doors at the National Museum, Damascus, SyriaMiles Lewis

stone double doors at the National Museum, Damascus, SyriaMiles Lewis

basalt door at Gadara, JordanMiles Lewis

basalt double door pairs at GadaraMiles Lewis

wooden hinged door, Samos

Museum, Greece

Miles Lewis

door hardware

door hardware, Dongjia, ChinaMiles Lewis

lock and lock plate bearing the name of the Ottoman sultan Ahmad I, reigned 1603-17. Silver and gilded silver with engraved decoration. National Museum. Riyadh, 3013, 3005/2/T

Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban et al [eds], Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Somogy Art Publishers, Paris 2010), pp 539, 541

Roman bronze hinges in the British MuseumE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter,

Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

part of a Roman bronze door hinge, Djemila Museum, Algeria

Miles Lewis

Roman door

hinges, Djemila

Museum, Algeria

Miles Lewis

more Roman door hinges,

Djemila Museum, Algeria

Miles Lewis

15th century hinges at the Sanctuary of the Blessed

Virgin, Rocamadour, Lot, France

Lewis, Architectura, p 148

some 19th century hinge typesE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter,

Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

butt hingesE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter,

Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

window shutters at

the Chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte,

France by Louis le Vau,

1657-61

Miles Lewis

window shutter

hardware at Vaux-le-

Vicomte

Miles Lewis

espagnolet handle, Telouet, MoroccoLewis, Architectura, p 148

an espagnolet

Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, Traité Théorique et Pratique de l'Art de Bâtir (published by the author, 6 vols, Paris 1812-17 [1812, 1814, 1814,

nd, 1817, nd]), pl C

Pryke & Palmer, Illustrated Catalogue (London, c 1900), p 364

reconstruction of the door of the

Temple of Inshushinak,

Choga Zanbil, Iran; two pivots and two staples

R Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the

Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie

Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), pp 31, 48, 49

doors of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga Zanbil,

Iran: fixings for the barR Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol

xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), I, p 75, pl lxxiv

Roman doorway at Dougga, Tunisia (Gorgonia vicinity), view & detailMiles Lewis

two palm log doors at Ksar el Ferch, Tunisia, external and internal faces

Miles Lewis

detail of a rim latch, Ksar el Ferch, TunisiaMiles Lewis

traditional wooden locks,

Tunisia

Mary Lewis

a traditional lock, as used

in Syrian castles

E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of

Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p

1339

Roman cylinder

lock, Djemila

Museum, Algeria

Miles Lewis

Bramah lockLewis, Architectura, p 149

Bramah lock

E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary

of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin,

London 1877-84), II, p 1339

ward locksE H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics(3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84),

II, p 1339

stone windows

hypostyle hall, Temple of Amon, Karnak, Egypt, after 1300 BC:

view and axonometric of

clerestory construction

de Cenival, Living Architecture: Egyptian,

p 140

a terracotta window grille, Mesopotamia, 3rd millennium

BC, width c 450 mm

Seton Lloyd, ‘Building in Brick and Stone’, in Charles Singer et al [eds], A History of

Technology, volume I, From Early Times to

Fall of Ancient Empires (Oxford 1954), p 472

stone window grilles, Palace of Rameses III, Medinet Habu, Egypt the Throne Room, 1187-56 BCE, and the Ptolemaic extension to the palace

Arnold, The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, p 257

window in the secular basilica, Shaqqa, Syria, dating from its conversion to a church, ?c 4th-5th century AD

Miles Lewis

late Roman stone windows in Syria: the Kaisarîyeh,

Shaqqa

from Jabal-al-Arabe, now in the Souweida

Museum

Miles Lewis

Roman window gratings at Djemila Museum, AlgeriaMiles Lewis

stone window at the Cathedral Museum, Grado, ItalyMiles Lewis

stone window and fragments of a stucco grating from the cathedral complex, Poreč, Croatia, possibly AD 6th century

Miles Lewis

Sv Lovro [S Lorenzo in Pasenatico], Lovreč, near Poreč, Croatia, c 9th century: windowBasilica of S Silvestro, Trieste, Italy, 11th century: stucco window grille

Miles Lewis

Friday Mosque, Isfahan, Iranalabaster roof light in the Mongol prayer hall

Miles Lewis

crown glass: (left) a pane or table from Jerash, (centre) a plaster frame with the edges of two panes,

and (right) modern glass from Hebron, c 1930

D B Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass: Roman, Saxon and Medieval', in E M Jope [ed], Studies in Building History (London 1961), plate V

crown glass from Jerash, Hebron, and (right) Sudan, C12th

Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass', p 40

crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step ADiderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step BDiderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

crown glass manufacture,

C18th France: step C

Diderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

manufacture ofcrown glass:

the table onthe end of the punty

Raymond McGrath & A C Frost,Glass in Architecture and

Decoration (2nd ed, London 1961[1937]), p 75