Above are examples of Jim Crow Laws and the effects on society. Explain how these laws kept African-Americans from gaining the rights that they were Constitutionally “guaranteed.” (Quick Code- UC92627)

RECONSTRUCTION & ITS AFTERMATH

The South During Reconstruction

New Groups Take Charge:African Americans in Government

Republican Party dominated southern politics b/c AA’s could vote & now run 4

office Lots of states where more former

slaves than former slave-owners Never controlled the gov’t but…

held important positions in it Nat’l Level- 16 AA’s served in H of

Reps & 2 in the Senate b/t 1869-1880 Hiram Revels- AA Senator

Ordained minister; recruited 4 Union Army, started school in St. Louis4 AA’s, elected to Senate in 1870 by Missouri

Blanche K. Bruce- AA Senator Former runaway; became teacher in

Missouri, 1869 became Superintendent in Mississippi, elected to Senate in 1874

New Groups Take Charge: Scalawags & Carpetbaggers

Scalawags- Means… scoundrel, or worthless rascal Southern whites supported Rep. policies Most were non-slave-holding farmers or

business owners Opposed secession in 1st place

Former rebels hated them 4 siding w/ Repubs Quick Code- LY33047

Carpetbaggers- N whites who moved to S after war Also sided w/ Repubs Served as leaders of Repubs in S Called this cuz arrived w/ all stuff in cheap

suitcases make of carpet fabric Some there just 4 $$$ & take advantage of

situation Most were former Union soldiers looking 4

land, members of Freedmen’s Bureau, or N reformers hoping to help (lawyers, drs, teachers)

Quick Code- CV45163 Many in south accused both groups of

leading corrupt new gov’t

New Groups Take Charge: Resistance to Reconstruction

Most Southern whites hated idea of giving rts to AA’s

Plantation owners tried 2 control AA’s any way they could Many told AA’s couldn’t

leave plantation; still property

No one would rent land to them

Store owners refused to serve them

Refused to give them work Used fear to keep them in

line

New Groups Take Charge: The Ku Klux Klan

Violence was common to AA’s & anyone who supported them Most done by secret societies

trying to stop AA’s from exercising their rts Hoped to regain white power

Worst was KKK Formed in 1866 Launched midnight rides

Burned homes, churches, schools Killed many AA’s & supporters…

Murdering 1,000’s!!! Violence higher during election

time; try to scare AA’s from voting 4 change

KKK had support of many in South, esp. planters & Dems Justified actions as defense of

their way of life

New Groups Take Charge: Taking Action Against Violence

Those opposed to terrorism begged federal gov’t 4 help

1870-1871… Pass laws 2 try 2 stop

Klan Little 2 no success

Most refused to testify against them b/c …

fear they were next or they supported it

Enough arrests were made 2 restore some order b4 the 1872 presidential election

Some Improvements

Despite the violence… Reconstruction brought change Esp. in education 4 both races

AA’s saw it as step toward better life

Created own schools Freedmen’s Bureau & charities

played major role in spreading education

N women and freed AA’s came to teach

By 1870- 4,000 schools established w/ 200,000 students More than ½ teachers were

AA’s

Some Improvements:Public Schools

1870’s- began creating public school systems 4 both races Never existed b4!!! Enrollment…

50% of white children 40% of AA children

Northern Missionary Societies est academies 4 higher

education 4 AA’s Some become colleges &

universities Morehouse College, Atlanta U

Most kids went to segregated schools Only LA, FL, SC required

integration, but laws not enforced

Some Improvements:Farming the Land

AA’s also wanted land Some got it from Freedmen’s

Bureau Most failed 2 get own land

Only option was sharecropping, where land was rented & tools, seeds, maybe even a shack 2 live in was given in exchange 4 percentage of harvest After paying percentage…

Very little left 2 sell Barely enough 2 feed family

To most… This was barely better than

slavery

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