About the territorial conditions of regional tram systems. Some case studies in France
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About the territorial conditions of regional tram systems. Some case studies in France
Xavier Desjardins Maître de conférences – Université Paris 1
Panthéon-Sorbonne CRIA – UMR Géographie-Cités
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Introduction
• Why is it so difficult to develop efficient railway services in french outer suburbs ?
Mulhouse Regional tram in the city centre
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Introduction
• Hypothesis : the morphology of the french outer suburbanization is (most often) unfavorable to rail
Two parts : 1) A comparison between Kassel and five french
same size agglomeration 2) An assessment of four decades of outer
suburbanization in three french urban areas from a rail-oriented development perspective
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Imitate Kassel ?
Kassel Rennes Tours
Railway or tram stations
57 23 31
Daily stops 2706 294 304
Railway services an ordinary working day – September 2011In a radius of 25 kilometers around the limits of the agglomeration
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Methodology• The example of Kassel and five french urban areas
• Corine Land Cover data base on land use – 25 kilometers around the agglomeration– Two types of land use
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Kassel
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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Angers
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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Dijon
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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Le Mans
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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Rennes
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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Tours
Agglomeration Urbanized settlements, partly or totally located less than on kilometer from the railways Other urbanized settlements
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The size distribution
(Out of the agglomeration in a radius of 25 kilometers around the agglomeration limits)
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« Adhérence » of urbanization to the railways
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Density
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Conclusion about territorial conditions
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Second part 40 years of outer suburbanization and the railways corridor : a growing mismatch ?
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Population in 2006
Amiens Rennes Strasbourg
City center communes 136 105 209 613 272 975
Suburbs 25206 72937 167289
« Periurban belt » 112504 289203 198406
… in « railways corridor » 56179 124055 112580
… out « railways corridors » 56325 165148 85826
Total 273 814 571 753 638 670
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Amiens Rennes
Strasbourg
Share of the population growth
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Share of the building permits delivered in communes in the railways corridor during the last decade
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Amiens Rennes Strasbourg
Population into the corridor in 2006 56179 124055 112580
Density of population into the coordor (inhabitants per km²)
90,9 147,9 217,1
Population into the corridor if all the growth were located in the corridor
67086 214227
145180
Density in that scenario … 114,1 255,4 280,0
And if …
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Conclusion
• A relative indifference between job and residential location and railways corridor
• Spatial effects of outer suburbanization are different in Alsace, Bretagne and Picardie
• Effects of decentralization of building permits to commune in 1982 ?
• Things could have een different if regional planning would have been more efficient : a result important in a country whose population will grow quickly (8 millions of housing have to be build before 2030)