About OMICS GroupAbout OMICS Group

OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science  and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management  in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge  annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitionspresentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions ..

About OMICS Group About OMICS Group ConferencesConferences

OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over the globe Life Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit.followers to its credit.

OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.

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• Economically the Leguminosae (Fabaceae)Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is one

of the most important families of the flowering

plants.

• PterocarpusPterocarpus is a genus representing some of the

most handsome large-crowned trees of the

leguminous family.

• Genus Pterocarpus includes about 60-70 species.60-70 species.

Flowering tree in summer Flowering tree in summer

Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) is native to

the Andaman islandsAndaman islands in the Indian ocean.

• It has been introduced to EgyptEgypt as an

ornamental plantornamental plant.

• Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) is known

as:

Andaman padaukAndaman padauk

East Indian mahoganyEast Indian mahogany

Andaman redwoodAndaman redwood

PadaukPadauk.

Phyllum Angiospermae

Subphylum Dicotyledonae

Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

Subclass Rosidae

Order Leguminales (fabales)

Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

Subfamily Papilionoideae

Tribe Dalbergieae

Genus Pterocarpus

Species dalbergioides (Roxb), Roxb. ex DC.

Outer surface of the stem barkOuter surface of the stem bark Inner surface of the stem barkInner surface of the stem bark

Leaf and flowerLeaf and flower

Compound leafCompound leaf

Axillary panicleAxillary panicle

FlowerFlower

Flowering branchFlowering branch

SeedsSeeds

Fruiting branchFruiting branch

FruitsFruitsFresh Fresh DryDry

• Therefore, it was deemed of interest to

carry out a bioactivity-guided

fractionation study on the different

organs of the Egyptian plant, to choose

the most active organ, which was not

previously investigated.

• A bioactivity-guided screening of the different organs:

Stem barkStem barkFlowerFlowerFruitLeafLeaf

For both antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activies were carried on

050

100150200250300350

Control Alcoholextract of

bark

Alcoholextract of

flower

Alcoholextract of

fruit

Alcoholextract of

leaf

MetforminBlo

od g

luco

se le

vel (

mg/

dl) Zero time After 2 hours After 4hours

0

01020304050607080

Control Alcoholextract of

bark

Alcoholextract of

flower

Alcoholextract of

fruit

Alcoholextract of

leaf

Indometacin

% o

edem

a

Indomethacin

From the previous preliminary From the previous preliminary

Pharmacological screening, one could Pharmacological screening, one could

conclude that the conclude that the alcoholic extracts of the alcoholic extracts of the

bark at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt. was the bark at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt. was the

most potentmost potent

extract as antihyperglycemic and anti-extract as antihyperglycemic and anti-

inflammatory. inflammatory.

Median lethal dose (LDMedian lethal dose (LD5050) of the alcoholic ) of the alcoholic

extracts ofextracts of Pterocarpus dalbergioides Pterocarpus dalbergioides

(Roxb) of the bark’s alcoholic extract (Roxb) of the bark’s alcoholic extract

was found to be was found to be 6.9 mg/Kg.b.wt.6.9 mg/Kg.b.wt.

Test Bark

Steam volatile substances -

Sterols and/or triterpenes ++

Flavonoidsa.Free

b.Combined

++++

Crystalline sublimate -

Carbohydrates and/or glycosides +

Tanninsa.Catechol

b.Pyrogallol

-++

Saponins -

Alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases +

Anthraquinonesa.Free

b.Combined

--

Cardiac glycosides -

Were carried on and the obtained ethyl

acetate and butanol extracts of the were

furhtermore subjected to both

antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory

investigation.

Antihyperglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the Antihyperglycemic activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the

bark, flowers and fruits of bark, flowers and fruits of Pterocarpus dalbergioidesPterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) (Roxb)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Control EtOAc ext.of bark

But. ext.of bark

EtOAc ext. offlowers

But. ext.of flowers

EtOAc ext. offruits

But. ext.of fruits

Metformin

Blo

od

glu

cose

lev

el (

mg/d

l)

Zero time After 2 hours After 4hours

Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the

bark, flowers and fruits of bark, flowers and fruits of Pterocarpus dalbergioidesPterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) (Roxb)

01020304050607080

Control EtOAc ext.of bark

But. ext. ofbark

EtOAc ext.of flowers

But. ext. offlowers

EtOAc ext.of fruits

But. ext. offruits

Indometacin

% o

edem

a

Indomethacin

TLC investigation revealed that the butanol extract of the bark showed more TLC investigation revealed that the butanol extract of the bark showed more spots compared to its corresponding ethyl acetate extract.spots compared to its corresponding ethyl acetate extract.

No. of

spots

Rf in s3

Rf in s4

Ethyl aceta

te bark

Butanol bark

Color of spot in Color with NH3 Color with AlCl3

Color with FeCl3

Color withp-

anisaldehyde

Vis. UV Vis. UV Vis. UV

1 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - violet

2 0.77 - + + - - - - - - - pink

3 0.76 - - - - - - - - - Faint pink

4 0.740.89

+ + - - - - - - - violet

5 0.710.81

+ + - bl. - bl. - - - -

6 0.450.82

- - y. d.y. d.y. d.y. br.y. fl.gr. - green

7 -0.73

+ + f.y.d.pr

.br.y.

d.pr.

y. d.pr. - -

80.71

± + f.y.s.vi.

flbr.

s.vi.fl

Ys.vi.f

lbl. -

9 0.440.72

- - bl. - bl. - - - - -

10 0.420.64

- - f.y.d.pr

.br.y. y. br.y. y. - -

11 -0.66

- - y.d.pr

.y.

d.pr.

y. d.pr. - green

12 0.330.75

- - f.y.d.pr

.br.y. y. br.y. y. - -

13 0.250.68

- - - - - - - - - violet

14 -0.42

- - - bl. - bl. - - - -

15 0.25 0.4 - + f.y.d.pr

.br.

d.pr.

y. d.pr. bl. -

16 0.120.35

- - f.y.d.pr

.br.y. y. br.y. y. - -

17 -0.32

- - - f.br. y. f.y. y. y. - -

18 -0.27

- - - - - - - - - green

Fractionation of the butanol extract of the stem Fractionation of the butanol extract of the stem bark of Pterocarpus dalbergioidesbark of Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) (Roxb)

10g butanol extract

VLCChloroformChloroform: ethyl acetateEthyl acetate : methanol

FractionsEach 100 ml

TLC monitoring

Fraction I(1-10)

Fraction II(11-18)

CHCl3: EtOAc97:3

85:14780 mg

Fraction III(19-26)

Fraction IV(27-36)

Fraction V(37-44)

CHCl3: EtOAc45:5530:70

330 mg

Fraction VI(45-56)

CHCl3: EtOAc25:75

EtOAc 440 mg

Pulled fractions

(I-VI)

Were screened for

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Control Fraction II Fraction V Fraction VI Metformin

Blo

od g

luco

se le

vel (

mg/

dl)

Zero time After 2 hours After 4hours

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Control Fraction II Fraction V Fraction VI Metformin

Blo

od g

luco

se le

vel (

mg/

dl)

Zero time After 4 weeks After 8 weeks

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Control Fraction II Fraction V Fraction VI Indomethacin

% o

edem

a

Fractionation of the butanol extract of the stem Fractionation of the butanol extract of the stem bark of Pterocarpus dalbergioidesbark of Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Roxb) (Roxb)

10g butanol extract

VLCChloroformChloroform: ethyl acetateEthyl acetate : methanol

FractionsEach 100 ml

Pulled together according to similarity

Fraction I(1-10) Fraction II

(11-18)Active

Fraction III(19-26)

Fraction IV(27-36)

Fraction V(37-44)Active

Fraction VI(45-56)Active

P123 mg

P123 mg

P219 mg

P219 mg

F120 mg

CC-Sephadex LH –20MethanolMethanol :waterIncreasing polaritySubfractions Further CC –Sephadex LH-20

Physical Physical characterscharacters

2323 mg off-white needles, mg off-white needles, soluble in methanolsoluble in methanol

Melting pointMelting point 201-203201-203° ° CC

UV λmax nmUV λmax nm MeOHMeOH 259259

M+

M+- H2O

H3

H4H6

H3

H4

H6

O

HO

OH

HO

1

2 3

4

56

Gentisic acid

C1

C6

C3C4C5

C2

COOH

O

HO

OH

HO

1

2 3

4

56

Gentisic acid

O

HO

OH

HO

1

2 3

4

56

Physical Physical characterscharacters

2020 mg yellowish white powder, mg yellowish white powder, soluble in methanolsoluble in methanol . .

Melting pointMelting point 255-258255-258° ° CC

UV λmax nmUV λmax nm MeOHMeOH 272272

H2, H6

OH (3, 4 &5)

O

OH

HO

HO

HO

1

5

23

4

6

Gallic acid

C2, C6

C1

C4

C3, C5

COOH

O

OH

HO

HO

HO

1

5

23

4

6

Gallic acid

O

OH

HO

HO

HO

1

5

23

4

6

Physical Physical characterscharacters

1919 mg yellow powder, soluble in methanolmg yellow powder, soluble in methanol . .

Melting pointMelting point 265-267°C265-267°C

UV λmax nmUV λmax nm MeOHMeOH 260260 , ,329sh (isoflavone)329sh (isoflavone)

NaOMeNaOMe 274274 , ,340340) ) free OH on ring A free OH on ring A & B& B((

AlClAlCl33 271271 , ,300sh, 374 (free OH on 300sh, 374 (free OH on ring A)ring A)

AlClAlCl33/HCl/HCl 270270 , ,305sh, 374 (free OH at 305sh, 374 (free OH at 5 & no ortho-OH in ring B)5 & no ortho-OH in ring B)

NaoAcNaoAc 262262 , ,328sh (occupied OH at 328sh (occupied OH at 7)7)

NaoAc/HNaoAc/H33BoBo33 260260 , ,329sh (no ortho-OH in 329sh (no ortho-OH in ring B)ring B)

H8 H1’’H2', 6'

H2

H6

H3', 5'

C4'C7C4 C9

C2C5 C6''C4''

C5''C3''C8

C10

C3', 5'

C1'C3

C2', 6'

C1’

C6

C2''

O

O

OH

O

OH

O

HO

HO

OH

OH

(1) Vedavanam, K.; Srijayanta, S.; O' Reilly, J.; Raman, A.; Wiseman, H.; "Phytother Res", 13(7),

601-608,1999.

(2) Hung, T.H.W.; Peng, G.; Kota, B.P.; "Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology", 207(2), 160-169,

2005.

• The ethanolic extract of the bark possessed the most

potent antihyperglycemic activity. This effect could be

attributed to the synergistic action of the isoflavone

and phenolic acid content.

• The result of the anti-inflammatory activity showed

promising evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of

the alcoholic extract of the bark which can be

attributed mainly to the phenolic acid content.

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

Prof. Dr. Moshera M. El Sherei

Professor of Pharmacognosy – Faculty of Pharmacy

Cairo University

Prof. Dr. Wafaa T. Islam

Professor of Pharmacognosy – Faculty of Pharmacy

Cairo University

Mrs Shimaa Rashad

Assistant lecturer of Pharmacognosy – Faculty of Pharmacy

Cairo University

School of Medicine and Pharmacy School of Medicine and Pharmacy

• was established in Abu Zaabal in was established in Abu Zaabal in

18271827.  .  

It included 25 students for 5 yearsIt included 25 students for 5 years

• duration study.duration study.

In In 19551955, Faculty of Pharmacy was , Faculty of Pharmacy was

separated as one of the Cairo separated as one of the Cairo

University. University.

In In 19701970, the first  internal bylaws  , the first  internal bylaws 

was issued.was issued.

In In 19931993, bylaws was amended  to , bylaws was amended  to

include two semesters system and include two semesters system and

the cumulative average of the the cumulative average of the

Bachelor.Bachelor.

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