ABO Incompatibility CPC
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RISK FACTOR: PATIENT IS SUBJECTED FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION Patient Variables: Age: 55 Diagnosed with cancer No history of transfusion or organ Donor Variables: Blood type Anonymous Laboratory Variables Laboratory errors Blood loss Patient undergoes surgery For Blood transfusion Type O labeled 1 RBC pack was Donor’s blood is introduced to Systemic circulation Patient’s Ab reacts with ABO INCOMPATIBILITY Type O blood type Abs bind to surface Agglutination due to Ag-Ab Deposited in organ system Contains Anti-A and Anti B Ab Anti A Ab reacts with Blood is collected and submitted to Detected reaction with Anti-A antisera
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Transcript of ABO Incompatibility CPC
RISK FACTOR: PATIENT IS SUBJECTED FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Patient Variables:Age: 55Diagnosed with cancerNo history of transfusion or organ transplant
Donor Variables:Blood typeAnonymous
Laboratory VariablesLaboratory errors
Blood lossPatient undergoes surgery
For Blood transfusion
Type O labeled 1 RBC pack was administered
Donor’s blood is introduced to patient’s system
Systemic circulation
Patient’s Ab reacts with donor RBC
ABO INCOMPATIBILITY
Type O blood type
Abs bind to surface antigens of RBC
Agglutination due to Ag-Ab complex
Deposited in organ system
Contains Anti-A and Anti B Ab
Spleen
Anti A Ab reacts with donor blood
Blood is collected and submitted to the laboratory
Detected reaction with Anti-A antisera
Kidneys WBC initiates defense mechanisms
Donor RBC is lysed
Release of:
IL1 and TNF Phospholipase A2 Bradykinins
Release of Factor XII
Lysis of RBC
Deposition of opsonized RBC and lytic products
Opsonized RBCs are phagocytized by
macrophages
Elevation of body temperature
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased Peripheral resistance
Systemic vasodilation
Resetting of the thermoregulatory center
Stasis of blood at dependent sites
Release of pyrogens
Decreased peripheral resistance
Hypothalamic effect
Vasodilation
Flushed Skin
Febrile Episodes
Decreased blood flow to kidneys
Lytic products reenter circulation
Possible presentation in the future
Hemogloninuria, RF
Added to IL1 and TNF released
Activated coagulation cascade
Systemic inflammation
Release of prostaglandins
Blood leaks from capillaries
Blood extravasates to surgical incision site
Increased bleeding episodes
Inhibition of thrombomodulin
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Fibrin depletion
Hemorrhagic episode ensues
Oozing of blood in surgical site
Compensatory mechanisms
Tachycardia tachypnea
Worst case scenario:
Shock leading to death
