Abnormal Psychology Disorders

8/16/2019 Abnormal Psychology Disorders

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Pg 498


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Two Major Classifications

Neurotic Disorders

Distressing but one can still function in societyand act rationally.

Psychotic Disorders

Person loses contact with reality, experiencesdistorted perceptions.

John ayne !acy


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"nxiety Disorders

" group of conditionswhere the pri#arysy#pto#s are anxiety

or defences againstanxiety.

The patient fearsso#ething awful will happen to the#.

They are in a state ofintense apprehension,uneasiness, uncertainty,helplessness, or fear.


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!eneralised "nxiety Disorder

!"D "n anxiety disorder in which a

person is continuously tense,apprehensi$e and in a state of

autono#ic ner$ous syste# arousal.

The patient is constantly tenseand worried, feels inade%uate, iso$ersensiti$e, can&t concentrateand suffers fro# inso#nia.


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Phobias

" person experiences sudden episodesof intense dread.

Must be an irrational fear. Phobia 'ist

http://www.phobialist.com/#A-http://www.phobialist.com/#A-


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Agoraphobia

Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public

places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.


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Anglophobia

Fear of England or English culture, anthing pertaining

or coming from England.


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!ippopotomonstroses"uipedaliophobia

Fear of long words. https#$$

www.outube.com$watch%v&'()*F!+tcg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-V6FHWYtcg


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Panic Disorder

"n anxiety disorder #ar(ed by arelati$ely short episode of intensedread in which a personexperiences terror andacco#panying chest pain, cho(ing

and other frightening sensations.


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)bsessi$e*co#pulsi$e disorder

Persistent unwantedthoughts +obsessions causeso#eone to feel the need

+co#pulsion to engage in aparticular action.

)bsession about dirt andger#s #ay lead toco#pulsi$e hand washing.


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Post*trau#atic -tress Disorder

a.(.a. PT-D lashbac(s or

night#ares following aperson&s in$ol$e#ent in

or obser$ation of anextre#ely stressfule$ent.

Me#ories of the e$entcause anxiety.

-y#pto#s don&t appeari##ediately and #aylast for years.


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Acute -tress isorder

-imilar to P/- but

smptoms appear almost

immediatel or at most

within a month after thetraumatic event.

-mptoms onl last a few

das to a few weeks.


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Mood Disorders

/xperience extre#e or inappropriate e#otion. eeling sad when things are going well.

eeling elated for no reason.

Two categories0 depression and bipolar disorder.


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Major Depression

".1.". unipolar depression

2nhappy for at least two

wee(s with no apparentcause.

eelings of worthlessness,guilt, helplessness,hopelessness and great

sadness. Depression is the co##on

cold of psychologicaldisorders.


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-easonal "ffecti$e Disorder

/xperience depressionduring the winter#onths.

3ased not onte#perature, but ona#ount of sunlight.

Treated with lighttherapy.


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3ipolar Disorder

or#erly #anic depression.

4n$ol$es periods of depressionand #anic episodes.

Manic episodes in$ol$e feelingsof high energy +but they tendto differ a lot5so#e getconfident and so#e getirritable.

May experience hallucinations. /ngage in ris(y or i#pulsi$e

beha$iour during the #anicepisode.


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-o#atofor# and Dissociati$e

Disorders


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-o#atofor# Disorders

)ccur when a person#anifests apsychological proble#

through a physiologicalsy#pto#.

Two types55perhaps

0'(12 classifies

conversion disorder as a

dissociative disorder while -() classifies it

as a

somatoform disorder.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-10


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Con$ersion Disorder

6eport the existence ofse$ere physical proble#sor a loss of functioningwith no biological reason.

'i(e blindness or

paralysis. 0n conversion disorder,

our leg ma become

paral5ed after ou fall

from a horse, even though

ou weren6t phsicall

in7ured. 'onversiondisorder smptoms appear

with no underling phsical

cause and ou can6t control

them.


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Dissociati$e Disorders

These disorders in$ol$ea disruption in theconscious process.

D


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Dissociati$e "#nesia

or#erly Psychogenic"#nesia

" person cannotre#e#ber things withno physiological basisfor the disruption in#e#ory.

2sually the #e#ory

loss is due to atrau#atic e$ent.

Me#ory is li(ely toreturn just as suddenlyas it was lost.


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Dissociati$e ugue People with dissociati$e

a#nesia that relocatefro# their ho#e orwor( en$iron#ent.

)ften ta(es on a newidentity and appears

8nor#al9. hen the fugue period

ends, indi$idual has no#e#ory of the fuguestate.


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Dissociati$e 4dentity

Disorder 2sed to be (nown asMultiple PersonalityDisorder.

" person has se$eral

rather than oneintegrated personality.

People with D4Dco##only ha$e ahistory of childhoodabuse or trau#a.


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Depersonalisation Disorder

" detach#ent fro#one&s #ental processesor body.

" person feels li(e they

are watchingthe#sel$es fro# adistance.

Danger of self*har# asthe indi$idual #ay want

to 8test9 reality. 'i(e the other

dissociati$e disorders,it is usually due to atrau#atic e$ent.


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-chi:ophrenic Disorders

About 1 in ever 122 people are

diagnosed with schi5ophrenia.

-y#pto#s of -chi:ophrenia

;. Disorganised thin(ing.


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Disorganised Thin(ing

The thin(ing of aperson with-chi:ophrenia isfrag#ented and bi:arre

and distorted withfalse beliefs.

Disorganised thin(ingco#es fro# abrea(down in selecti$e

attention.* they cannotfilter out infor#ation.


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Delusions +false beliefs

Delusions ofPersecution

Delusions of Grandeur


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Disturbed Perceptions

Hallucinations* sensoryexperiences withoutsensory sti#ulation.


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Inappropriate Emotions and

Actions

'augh at inappropriateti#es.

lat /ffect.

-enseless, co#pulsi$eacts.

Catatonia* #otionless

axy lexibility +youcan #ould the#.


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Positive v. Negative Smptoms

Positive Smptoms• Presence of

inappropriate

Negative Smptoms• "bsence of

appropriate ones.


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Types of -chi:ophrenia


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Disorganised -chi:ophrenia

isorganised speech or

behaviour, or flat or

inappropriate emotion.

a neglect appearanceand hgiene.

a lose bladder and

bowel control.


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Paranoid -chi:ophrenia

Preoccupation withdelusions orhallucinations.

Delusions of grandeur,persecution or jealousy.

Just because you aren&tparanoid, doesn&t #ean>they& aren&t watching

you?


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Catatonic -chi:ophrenia

lat effect.

axy lexibility.

Parrot li(e repeating ofanother&s speech and#o$e#ents.


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2ndifferentiated

-chi:ophrenia

Many and $aried-y#pto#s.


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Personality Disorders

ell*established,#aladapti$e ways ofbeha$ing that

negati$ely affectpeople&s ability tofunction.

Do#inates theirpersonality.

;@ #ain different typesof personalitydisorders.


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"ntisocial Personality

Disorder

'ac( of e#pathy.

'ittle regard forother&s feelings.

Aiew the world ashostile and loo( out forthe#sel$es.

Constantly $iolating therights of others.


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Dependent Personality

Disorder 6ely too #uch on the

attention and help ofothers.

"fraid to be alone,constantly see(ingothers.

ailure to ta(e controlof their life and #a(e

decisionsindependently.


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7istrionic Personality

Disorder

Needs to be the centerof attention.

hether acting silly ordressing pro$ocati$ely.

)$erly e#otional.

Difficulty dealing with

failure, often bla#esothers.


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Narcissistic Personality

Disorder 7a$ing an unwarranted

sense of self*i#portance.

Thin(ing that you arethe center of theuni$erse.

-imilar to megalomania.


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)bsessi$e BCo#pulsi$e

Personality Disorder

)$erly concerned withcertain thoughts andperfor#ing certainbeha$iours.

Not as extre#e as )CD

anxiety.


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)ther Disorders

Paraphilias B abnor#alsexual desires+paedophilia, :oophilia,

hybristophilia etishis#

-adist, Masochist

/ating Disorders

-ubstance usedisorders

"D7D


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Psychoanalytic Therapy

Psychoanalysis +#anifest and latentcontent through5. hypnosis freeassociation, drea#, interpretation.

2nconscious

Transference

)ther therapies will result insmptom substitution.


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7u#anistic Therapy Client"Centered #$erap

by Carl 6ogers

These are non"directivet$erapies and use activelistening.

-elf*actuali:ation, free*will and unconditionalpositi$e regard.

Gestalt #$erap by rit:Perls encourage clients toget in touch with wholeself.


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3eha$ioral Therapies

Counterconditioning

Classical Conditioning

;. "$ersi$e Conditioning


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Cogniti$e Therapy

Change the way we $iewthe world +change oursche#as

"aron 3ec( "lbert /llis and

6ational /#oti$eTherapy


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-o#atic Therapies

Psychophar#acology

"ntipsychotics+thora:ine, haldol

"nti*anxiety +$aliu#,

barbiturates, anax Mood Disorders

+serotonin reupta(einhibitors

3ipolar +lithiu#


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-o#atic Therapy

/lectrocon$ulsi$eTherapy +/CT* fordepression.

Psychosurgury;. Prefontal loboto#y


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!roup Therapy

Abnormal Psychology Disorders

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