ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY :

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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: Study of psychological disorders

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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY :. Study of psychological disorders. DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR:. Difficult to define due to situation/culture/time 4 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF ABNORMALITY: 1. Maladaptive : affects ability to live everyday 2. Disturbing : to person and others - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY :

Page 1: ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY :

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY:

Study of psychological disorders

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Difficult to define due to situation/culture/time

4 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF ABNORMALITY:

1. Maladaptive: affects ability to live everyday

2. Disturbing: to person and others3. Unusual: not shared by many people4. Irrational: it doesn’t make sense to the

average person

DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR:

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Legal term, not a psychological one

-not guilty and can’t be held responsible for actions because of a mental illness-rare

INSANITY:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A-Block_at_Alcatraz_(2206096229).jpg

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-each psychological perspective has a different point of view

-Biological: genetic, chemical imbalances, brain structure

-Psychodynamic: unconscious repression-Behavioral: learning-normal or abnormal-Cognitive: maladaptive, illogical thinking-Humanistic: poor self-esteem, self-concept

CAUSES OF DISORDERS:

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Combines biological, psychological, and sociocultural and they interact with one another to cause disorders

Mental illness=a combination of the 3

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL:

Genetically predisposed

Poor impulse control Sent to war Substance use

disorder

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)-2000

-American Psychiatric Association

-handbook to diagnose disorders

-diagnosis based on symptoms

-about 250 disorders

DIAGNOSING DISORDERS:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/DSM-IV-TR.jpg

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Assess a person on all 5 axes:

DSM AXIS SYSTEM:

Axis I: Clinical Disorders

• Contains almost all major disorders including: anxiety, depression, schizophrenia

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

• Enduring, relatively stable disorders

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

• Illnesses that may have impact on mental health

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

• Problems person may have that might affect diagnosis or treatment, like employment, living situation

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

• Scale of 1-100 on overall functioning. 100=functioning well

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Purpose is to provide consistency and accuracy to diagnosing of disorders-controversial

-no tests prove disorder-like cancer/diabetes-Labeling creates some consistency, but also

stigma-once have one, creates preconceived bias in others and self

David Rosehan Study: pretend to hear voices, when hospitalized, stopped pretending, but still seen as ill by hospital staff

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY:

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CATEGORIES TO BE DISCUSSED:

-Anxiety disorders

-Somatoform disorders

-Dissociative disorders

-Affective disorders

-Schizophrenic disorders

-Personality disorders

-Developmental disorders

TYPES OF DISORDERS:

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Excessive or unrealistic anxiety

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nervous.jpg/640px-Nervous.jpg

-tension, agitation, apprehension, sweating, muscle tension, increased heart rate and blood pressure, worry, distractibility, rumination

ANXIETY DISORDERS:

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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD):Obsession:

persistent, unwanted thoughts

Compulsion: ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly, done to reduce anxiety created by obsessions http://commons.wikimed: ritualistic behaviors ia.org/wiki/File:OCD_handwash.jpg

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POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD):

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Signs_and_Symptoms_of_Anxiety,_Wikiversity_Motivation_and_emotion,_Slide_3.jpg

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Irrational, intense fear of specific stimuli that causes a compelling desire to avoid that stimuliCommon phobias:agoraphobia: public spaces

arachnophobia: spidersacrophobia: heightsclaustrophobia: tight spacessocial phobia: embarrassing self in social situation

PHOBIAS:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spider-phobia.jpg

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PANIC DISORDER: repeated attacks of intense anxiety with no apparent cause and can happen at any time.

-can last minutes or hours-associated with agoraphobia

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER: less intense but persistent (at least 6 months) anxiety

-no specific situation, difficulty concentrating and sleeping, irritability

OTHER ANXIETY DISORDERS:

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Physical symptoms caused by psychological problems, and cannot have a physiological cause

CONVERSION DISORDER: loss of bodily function, blind or deaf or paralyzed, without any physical damage-patient indifferent

HYPOCHONDRIASIS: unrealistic interpretation of physical symptoms as a serious illness

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS:

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Involves a break in consciousness, memory or a person’s sense of identity

DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA: loss of memory-must be psychological/not physical in cause-traumatic eventDISSOCIATIVE FUGUE: loss of personal

memory, flight from home, and establish new identity

-caused usually by major stress, or immediate danger of embarrassing news

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS:

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2 or more distinct personalities are present in the same individual each with their own memories, behaviors and relationships

-most common with severe childhood abuse-controversial-many don’t believe it is real

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER:

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Inappropriate or extreme moods

DYSTHYMIC DISORDER: mild depression that lasts for 2 years or more

SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD): type of depression that reoccurs usually during the winter months-treated with light therapy

AFFECTIVE (MOOD) DISORDERS:

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MAJOR DEPRESSION:Intensely sad, hopeless,

reduced energy, change in sleeping and eating patterns, suicidal thoughts

- “common cold of disorders”

- 2x more women than men

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sadness_2.jpg

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Mood swings alternating between periods of depression and mania (inflated ego, excessive energy, impulsivity, little need for sleep, euphoria)

BIPOLAR DISORDER:

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Downey_Jr-2008.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Britney_Spears_at_VMA_2011.png

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Loss of contact with reality and distorted thinking (psychosis)

-onset of disorder is young adulthood

Positive symptoms: (symptom added by disease) hallucinations(false sensory perceptions), delusions(false beliefs)

Negative symptoms: (things lost because of disease) flat affect (no emotion), social withdrawal, apathy, lack of communication

SCHIZOPHRENIA:

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DISORGANIZED SCHIZOPHRENIA: incoherent speech, inappropriate mood, delusions, childlike behavior

PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA: delusions of grandeur, persecution

CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: disordered movement patterns, sometimes immobility in odd positions

UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA: doesn’t fit into any other category but have thought/behavior disturbances

TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA:

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Longstanding, maladaptive thought and behavior patterns

-part of personality, affects all aspects of life-Axis II disorders3 types:1.Odd/eccentric: paranoid, schizoid,

schizotypal2. Dramatic/emotionally problematic:

histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial3. Chronic fearfulness: avoidant,

dependent, obsessive-compulsive

PERSONALITY DISORDERS:

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DISORDER SYMPTOMS

PARANOID Extreme suspicion, mistrust

SCHIZOID Loners, shy, withdrawn

SCHIZOTYPAL Odd, eccentric, may hold magical beliefs

HISTRIONIC Excessively dramatic, attention seeking

NARCISSISTIC Extremely vain and self-involved

BORDERLINE Emotionally unstable, lack sense of self

ANTISOCIAL Lack conscience, morals, guilt

AVOIDANT Fearful of social relationships

DEPENDENT Needy, want others to make decisions

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE

Controlling, focused on neatness and rules

TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:

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Disorders of infancy, childhood and adolescence

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: (ADHD) unable to focus attention, easily distracted, impulsive-10x more frequent in boys

EATING DISORDERS:-Anorexia: 85% of body weight, not eating-Bulimia: binge and purge

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS:

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Lack of responsiveness to others, impairment in communication, limited activities and interests, repetitive behaviors

-evident early-usually by 2-3 years old-range from severe to mild symptoms-1/88 kids are diagnosed with an ASD-3-4x more likely in boys

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS:

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