ABNORMAL-NORMAL (GENETIC) CELLS ANALYSIS Animals ... · ABNORMAL-NORMAL (GENETIC) CELLS ANALYSIS...
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ABNORMAL-NORMAL (GENETIC)
CELLS ANALYSIS
Animals :Chromosome analysis
Dr.Gatot CiptadiLab. Central of Life Sciences /Biosains
Fac. Of Animal Sci.
Brawijaya University Malang
No Subject : Cellular Lecturer Note
1. Introduction-Recent dev of . Anim
Biotech:Mol-Cell
GC Class Discussion
2 Basic Mol-Cell Laboratory Practice,
In vitro.
GC Class Discussion
3 Chromosome Bio-Cell Analysis
3. In vitro- Cell culture (IVM, IVF,
IVG)
GC Class Discussion
4. Nuclear Cell – Gene (Transgenic
Animal-Cloning: Cell communication
and Cell Reprogramming)
Basic Theory : Part 1
GC Class Discussion
5. Nuclear Cell – Gene (Transgenic
Animal-Cloning)
Technical Aspect: Part 2.
GC Class Discussion
6. Software analysis of Chromosome
Cells
GC+ Lab.
Tech.
Lab works/Visit/LSIH
7. Nuclear Cells Transfer /Gen Transfer GC + Lab.
Tech
Lab work/Visit/LSIH
(Jika Lab-tidak sedang
digunakan)
Animals : Causes of Phenotypic
Variation• Heredity:
Animals genetic background for phenotype
• Environment:
Conditions under which the animals are born
and raised; climate, nutrition, disease, general
management, etc.
BIAS Gender.: Human SEX DIFF.
Mengapa Seks Penting: Kasus Keseimbangan Hormonal,
penentuan jenis kelamin menjadi tidak sederhana
Contoh:
PIG betina
Awal bunting
Lahir : Jantan normal
Betina : ??? (alat kelm + Jantan)Testoteron
Dewasa
Injeksi hormon betina
(Progesteron + Estrogen)
Tetap tidak menunjukkan
perilaku betina normal
Injeksi hormon jantan
(Testoteron) : Perilaku jantan
jelas, fungsi seks jantan
KASUS KESEIMBANGAN HORMONAL = SEX
Hikmah: ???: Hindari /kurangi obat-obat tidak perlu/penting
( mis. selama kehamilan, pra nikah diagnosis)
Tell me what I am : Oocytes, Sperms
(Fertilization) Cells and………
30
60
60
30
30
30
30
30 60
sperm
mother
cell
ovum
mother
cell
sperms produced
by meiosis
fertilizationzygote
ova produced by meiosis
but only one develops to
maturity
Genetic materials Cell fusion
Fertilization occurs when the nucleus of a male
reproductive cell combines with the nucleus of a
female reproductive cell
Life Cycles of Animals (Embryos)
• In animals, meiosis occurs only when
gametes (sperm, eggs) are formed.
GENETIC MATERIAL
• Meiosis: cell division that results in sperm (spermatogenesis) or ova
(oogenesis); each newly formed cell contains one member of each chromosome
pair in normal body cells
• Fertilization: union of sperm and egg; establishing the recombination of genes
• Diploid: ―double‖—chromosomes found in pairs
• Haploid: ―half‖—chromosomes split in half
Genes: affect
hereditary
characteristics; made
up of DNA
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
• Inherited traits are controlled by genes that reside in
chromosomes
• Chromosomes are transmitted by gametes to offspring
Units of Heredity• Gene:
– The functional unit of heredity
on a chromosome
• Chromosome:
– DNA molecules associated
with proteins
– Can be visually seen under
microscope only during Mitosis
or Meiosis
– Diploid number (2n) in cattle
is 60
Cytogenetics
• Study of chromosomes
• In early 19th century used
light microscopy
• Used to prepare
karyotypes: arrangement
of an organisms
chromosomes in
homologous pairs
• Today, use high-resolution
electron microscopy to see
the genes directly
Chromosomes in a somatic cell under oil objective lens,The chromosome under high objective lens,
Result of Kariotyping:
Slide spreading Sex determination
Analysis: Normal/Abnormal
Animals Chromosome