ABKHAZIAAssays from the History of Georgia

Assays from

the History o

f Georgia

ABKHAZIA

Ministry of Education and Culture of AbkhaziaInstitute of History and Ethnology of Iv. Javakhishvili

Assays from the History of Georgia

ABKHAZIA

from ancient times till the present days

Tbilisi 2011

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(GLWRULDO%RDUGProf. Jemal Gamakharia (Chief editor)Prof. Tamaz Beradze Prof. Teimuraz Gvantseladze

$XWKRUVJemal Gamakharia (Head of the Project), Lia Akhaladze, Malkhaz Baramidze, Salome Bakhia Okruashvili, Tamaz Beradze, Lia Bitadze, Dazmir Jojua, Merab Gejua, Irakli Gelenava, Teimuraz Gvantseladze, Badri Gogia, Revaz Khvistani, Bezhan Khorava, Guranda Pkhakadze.

7UDQVODWRUKetevan Chogigidze

5HYLHZVProf. Otar Zhordania, Prof. Manana Sanadze, Prof. Tariel Phutkaradze

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ISBN 978-9941-0-3928-7

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Chapter II. Archeological Monuments of the Pre - Antique Epoch on the Territory of Modern Abkhazia

1. Stone Age (1 800 000-50 000)

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2. Epoch of Eneolith Middle Bronze (Middle of the Vth and Middle of the II millennium B. C. )

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T. Mikeladaze and others. About the Works of the Colchida Archeological Expedition Field Archeological researches in 1984-1985. Tb., 1987, p. 40.

M. Baramidze. Eastern Black Sea Coast, p. 102-117. Ibid, p. 142. E. I. Krupnov. Materials on Archeology of the North Osetia of the before Koban Period. -Materiasl and Researches in Archeology of the USSR, 23. M., 1951, p. 49-60; V. I. Kozenkova. Cultural-economical Processes in the North Caucasus. M., 1966, p. 74-103. M. Baramidze. On the Problem of Relations of Colkhis and Koban Cultures According to the Ceramic Production. -Abkhazia, I. Tb., 2006, and p. 49061 (In Georgian).

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3. The Late Bronze - Early Bronze Epochs.

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O. Japaridze. Archeology of Georgia, p. 200 (in Georgian); M. Baramidze. East Black Sea Coast . of the same author: On the Problem of the Relations of Colkhis and Coban Cultures, p. 49.

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O. Bgazhba, S. Lacoba. History of Abkhazia, p. 39-41. In this work the late complexes are practically arbitrarily dated with the early period. The total shift of chronology and separate articles belonging to the well-studied types have place. M. Baramidze. Mercheuli Nekropolis. Tb., 1997, p. 13-14 (in Georgian).

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55 Ibid. Ibid. D. Koridze. From the History of the Material Culture of Georgia. Tb., 1965 (in Georgian); A. Ramishvili. From the Material Culture of Colchida, Tb., 1974 (in Georgian). L. Sakharova. Bronze Hoards from Lechkhumi; Ju. N. Voronov. The same work; M. Baramidze. Eastern Black Sea Coastand others. J. Apakidze. Hoards of Abkhazia of the Late Bronze Early Iron Epochs Apkhazeti, I, Tb., 2006 (in Georgian). 7HUP&ROFKLDQ&XOWXUHLVXVHGLQWKHVFLHQWLFOLWHUDWXUHIRUGHQRWLQJWKHSHULRGRIWKHODWHEURQ]HHDUO\LURQDQGLVthe conditional notion, as like the previous the following culture of this region is also Colchian. O. Japaridze. Archeology of Georgia, p. 202. M. Baramidze. the Eastern Black Sea Coast, p. 149-159.

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L. Dzidziguri. The Oldest Ploughing Tools from North-West Kolkhida. -Apkhazeti. I, Tb., 2006, p. 40 (in Georgian); I. Chavleishvili. The Oldest Ploughing Tools from Pichvnari. Works of Batumi Archeological Museum. III. Tb., 2005 (in Georgian). M. Baramidze. the Eastern Black Sea Coast, p. 152-153. J. Apakidze. Treasures of Abkhazia of late bronze and early iron epochs, p. 65-85 (in Georgian). O. Japaridze. Colchian axe. Vestnik of the State Museum of Georgia, XVI. Tb., 1955 (in Georgian); D. Koridze. From the History of Material Culture of Colkhis (in Georgian); L. Sakharova. Bronze treasures from Lechkhumi. D. Koridze. From the History of Material Culture of Kolkhida; L. Sakharova. Bronze Treasures form