‘Biology is the Next Digital’ppmapharmasummit.com/.../2019/04/FAISAL-KHAN-PPMA2019.pdf · 2019....
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‘Biology is the Next Digital’ Faisal Khan PPMA Pharma Summit 2019 Karachi April 24, 2019
Transcript of ‘Biology is the Next Digital’ppmapharmasummit.com/.../2019/04/FAISAL-KHAN-PPMA2019.pdf · 2019....
‘Biology is the Next Digital’Faisal Khan
PPMA Pharma Summit 2019KarachiApril 24, 2019
!
Faisal KhanDPhil and MSc, University of OxfordFounding Director, Institute of Integrative BiosciencesPI, SynBioKPPI, Precision Medicine LabBoard member, Advisor at GoKP, GoPAdvisory Board of 10+ startups at Peshawar 2.0
Molecular Biology 101
‘If I read to you the whole genome at the rate of one
word per second, eight hours a day, it would take me a century’
– Matt Ridley
The Human Genome
= 3.2 billion bases (letter); ~240GB Hard Drive
DNA sequence data
NCBI, 2018
0
5E+10
1E+11
1.5E+11
2E+11
2.5E+11
3E+11
Mar-91 Mar-93 Mar-95 Mar-97 Mar-99 Mar-01 Mar-03 Mar-05 Mar-07 Mar-09 Mar-11 Mar-13 Mar-15 Mar-17
240B
A living organism is now a txt file!
But we know this?
3 trends
Trend 1: DNA vs Transistors
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Trend 1: DNA vs Transistors
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Trend 1: DNA vs Transistors
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Sequencing Costs(HGP days; ~2000)
! First Draft in 2001! 15 years! 8 countries; 100s of scientists! ~3 billion USD
Sequencing Costs(2018)
! 48h max! 1 scientist! >1000 USD
Trend 1: DNA sequencing costs
Oxford Nanopore, 2016
Trend 1: DNA sequencing costs
Oxford Nanopore, 2019
Trend 2: DNA synthesis costs
$1/letter
Now,
$0.01/letter
100,000, 000
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500,00010,000
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6,000,000
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Golden Rice (2000) Bioglow (2010) Glowing Plant (2013) Current costs (2019)
Trend 3: DNA engineering costs
US$
100,000, 000
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2,000,000
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6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
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Golden Rice (2000) Bioglow (2010) Glowing Plant (2013) Current costs (2019)
Trend 3: DNA engineering costs
US$
Traditional Biotechnology andGenetic Engineering
Synthetic Biology
Computer Science Synthetic BiologyEngineering
Engineering principlesMessy and complex, convoluted thread of DNA Tidy, well-characterized and
standardized, inter-changeable, DNA parts + abstraction hierarchy
More details: http://parts.igem.org/Help:Parts
Engineering principles
Design
BuildTest
Logic gates; DNA instead of Si
Devices
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Synthetic Life: A synthetic genome
Gibson et al, Science, 2010
Synthetic Biology Open Language
Artemisinin production
AVEROSWe programme living cells.
Design
BuildTest
Our Value Prop
Design
BuildTest
Our Value Prop
Software
WetwareHardware
Design
BuildTest
Our Value Prop
Software
WetwareHardware
High-throughputAutomationIO(L)T
DesignGenomics
TranscriptomicsProteomics
ML/AI
Gene AssemblyTransformation
CRISPRScaleup Fermentation
Fragrances
IGEM UppsalaPigments
Living Sensors
Input = COOutput = Red Color
Pharma
Pharma
2 routes to production: 1) chemical 2) biological (enzymatic) Pharma
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Design Questions
1) Different enzymes for different steps of the pathway.2) Different sources (fungal and bacterial sources) of these
enzymes.3) Each enzyme can be engineered, at the DNA level.4) Can we have a single-step reaction: molasses to end product
with no intermediate steps.
B2BEnzymes
FragrancesPigments
APIsFlavoursFibres
B2CLiving Sensors
ProbioticsAgriprobioticsBioremediation
Industrialization of Biology
APIsVaccinesEnzymesBiologicsFlavors
FragrancesMaterials
FibresFuel
BioremediationSolventsSensors
CompoundsData Storage
Biologization of Industry
Key Points
1) Biology has transformed; its molecular, its data driven.2) Costs are like software now: A big big opportunity to reset
our R&D agenda3) Its all happening here in Pakistan, in Peshawar.4) This century belongs to Biology. Is Pakistan ready?
