ABI302 Topic 1 April26
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Transcript of ABI302 Topic 1 April26
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Information Systems Management
(ABI302)
FUNDAMENTALS
OFINFORMATION SYSTEMS
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Introduction System concepts underlie the field of Information
Systems.
Understanding system concepts will help youunderstand:
l Computer networks are systems of information
processing components.l Business uses of computer networks are really
interconnected business information systems.
FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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Introduction (continuation) Understanding system concepts will help you
understand:
l Developing ways to use computer networks inbusiness includes designing the basic components
of information systems.
l
Managing information technology emphasizes thequality, business value, and security of an
organizations information system.
FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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What is a system as it applies to theconcept of an information system?
A system is a group if interrelated components
working together toward a common goal by
accepting inputs and producing outputs in an
organized transformation process.
1 - SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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A system has three basic interactingcomponents or functions:
l Input
l Processingl Output
These functions are accomplished with
storage. It involves a device (database orspreadsheet) into which data can be entered,held and retrieved.
1 - SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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1 - SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Components of a System
Input
involves capturing and assembling
elements that enter the system to be
processed.
basically a collection of data as close as
possible to the source.
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1 - SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Components of a System (continuation)
Processing
involves transformation processes that
convert input into output.
Basically, converts data into usableinformation.
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1- SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Components of a System (continuation)
Output
involves transferring elements that have
been produced by transformation process
to their ultimate destination.
examples: printed reports, graphs on
monitors, audio, video, etc
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1- SYSTEM CONCEPTS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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2 - FEEDBACK AND CONTROL
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Additional Functions of a System
Feedback
data about the performance of a system
example: Stock performance is feedback to
a broker.
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2 - FEEDBACK AND CONTROL
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Additional Functions of a System
Control
involves monitoring and evaluating
feedback to determine whether a system is
moving toward the achievement of its
goals.
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2 - FEEDBACK AND CONTROL
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Additional Functions of a SystemControl (continuation)
examples: enforcement of business rules
and performance monitoring.
function should produce feedback about its
input, processing, output and storageactivities.
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3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Control
Process OutputInput
System Boundary
Other Systems
Environment
Feedback Feedback
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3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Environment
where a system exists and functions
Subsystem
when a system is a component of a largersystem
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3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
System Boundary
separates a system from its environment
and other systems
Interface
ashared boundary where some systems
may be connected to one another
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3 - SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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4 COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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5 INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
People Resources
Hardware Resources
Software Resources Network Resources
Data Resources
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
People Resources
the most important resource a business
has
End Users - people who use information
systems or the information it produces
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
People Resources (continuation)
IS Specialists - people who develop and
operate information systems (System
Analysts, Programmers, Computer
Operators)
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Hardware Resources
all physical devices and materials used in
information processing which includes
machines (computers, printers, monitors)
and media (magnetic disks)
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Software Resources
All sets of information processing
instructions which includes programs
(spreadsheet, word editor, database) and
procedures (documentation and
specifications).
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Network Resources
allow computers to talk to each other.
telecommunications networks like the
Internet, intranets, extranets
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Data Resources
can take many forms:
- traditional alphanumeric
- text data
- image data- audio data
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Data Resources (continuation)
typically organized into:
- database
- knowledge base
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
ControlOf System
Performance
ProcessingDataInto
Information
StorageOf Data
Resources
InputOf DataResource
OutputOf DataResource
Communications Media andNetwork Support
Network Resources
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5 - INFO. SYSTEM RESOURCES
I - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Data vs. InformationData are raw facts or observation, typically
about physically or business transactions
while Information is data that have beenconverted into a meaningful and useful
context for specific end users.
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Business examples of the basicactivities of Information Systems:
Input of Data Resources optical scanning of bar-coded tags on
merchandise
6 - IS ACTIVITIES
II - OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Processing of Data into Information
Calculating employee pay, taxes and otherpayroll deductions
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Basic Activities of IS
(continuation)
Output of Information Products
Producing reports and displays aboutsales performance
6 - IS ACTIVITIES
II - OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Storage of Data Resources Maintaining records on customers,
employees and products
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Basic Activities of IS
(continuation)
Control of System Performance
Generating audible signals to indicateproper entry of sales data
6 - IS ACTIVITIES
II OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS