Abducting Muscle Groups Muscles which Produce Scapular Abduction (Protraction)

1. Serratus Anterior

Tendons

Origin : Outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs

Insertion : Costal surface of vertebral border of the Scapula

Function : Abducts scapula at the Scapulothoracic Joint; raises ribs when scapula is fixed

Nerve : Long Thoracic Nerve

Artery : Lateral thoracic artery

2. Pectoralis Major

Tendons

Origin : Sternal half of the Clavicle, sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion : Lateral lip of bicipital groove of the Humerus

Function : Adducts arm, extends arm, internal rotation of the shoulder along with other

Muscles which produce shoulder Adduction

Muscles which produce shoulder Extension

Muscles which produce shoulder Internal (medial) Rotation

Nerve : dual innervation by the Medial Pectoral Nerve and the Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Artery : Pectoral branch of Thoracoacromial artery and the Internal Mammary artery

3. Pectoralis Minor

Tendons

Origin : Outer suface and upper margin of 3rd 4th and 5th ribs

Insertion : Coracoid process of the Scapula

Function : Lowers angle of scapula, pulls shoulder forward at the Scapulothoracic Joint

Nerve : Medial Pectoral Nerve

Artery : Pectoral branch of Thoracoacromial artery and the Lateral thoracic artery

Muscles which Produce Upward Rotation of Scapula1. Trapezius (middle part)

Tendons

Origin : External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line of skull Nuchal ligament from spines of seventh cervical and all thoracic verebrae

Insertion : Lateral third of the Clavicle, acromion and spine of the Scapula

Function : Adducts scapula, tilts chin, draws back acromion, rotates scapula at the Scapulothoracic Joint

Nerve : Spinal Accessory Nerve

Artery : Descending scapular artery

2. Serratus Anterior

Muscles which Produce Shoulder Abduction1. Deltoid

Tendons

Origin : Lateral third of the Clavicle, the upper surface of the acromion, and the spine of the Scapula

Insertion : Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus

Function : Abducts the shoulder along with other Muscles which produce shoulder Abduction

Nerve : Circumflex anterior and posterior brances of the Axillary Nerve

Artery :

Posterior humeral circumflex artery

Deltoid branch of Thoracoacromial artery

2. Supraspinatus

Tendons

Origin : Supraspinous fossa of the Scapula

Insertion : Superior facet of greater tuberosity of the Humerus and the Glenohumeral Joint

Function : Assists the deltoid in abducting the arm, fixes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa, and external rotation of the shoulder along with other Muscles

which produce shoulder Abduction and Muscles which produce shoulder External (lateral) Rotation

Nerve : Suprascapular Nerve

Artery : Suprascapular (transverse cervical) artery

Muscles which Produce Wrist Radial Deviation1. Abductor Pollicis Longus

Tendons

Origin : Posterior surface of the Ulna, the radioulnar interosseous membrane and the middle third of posterior surface of the Radius

Insertion : Radial dorsal base of the Thumb Metacarpal, Variably the dorsal Trapezium and the radial surface of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle

Function : Abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which radially abduct the thumb. Also radially deviates the wrist along with other mucles which produce wrist radial abduction

Nerve : Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery : Posterior Interosseous artery

2. Flexor Carpi Radialis

Tendons

Origin : common forearm flexor origin from the medial epicondyle of the Humerus and the deep forearm fascia

Insertion : Volar base of the Index Metacarpal and the Middle Metacarpal

Function : flexion and radial deviation of the wrist, along with other muscles which flex the wrist and radially deviate the wrist, weak pronation of the forearm along with other muscles which pronate the forearm and weak flexion of the elbow along with other muscles which flex the elbow

Nerve : Median Nerve

Artery : Muscular Branches of Radial Artery

3. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Tendons

Origin : Lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the Distal humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion : Dorsal base of the Index Metacarpal

Function : Extends, radially deviates the Wrist

Nerve : Radial

Artery : Muscular Branches of Radial Artery and the Radial Recurrent artery

4. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Tendons

Origin : Common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle the radial collateral ligament of the elbow and the deep forearm fascia

Insertion : Dorsal base of the Middle Metacarpal

Function : Extends and radially deviates the Wrist. Weak elbow flexor.

Nerve : Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery :

Muscular Branches of Radial Artery

Radial Recurrent artery

Muscles which Radial Abduct the Basal Joint1. Abductor Pollicis Longus

Tendons

Origin : Posterior surface of the Ulna, the radioulnar interosseous membrane and the middle third of posterior surface of the Radius

Insertion : Radial dorsal base of the Thumb Metacarpal, Variably the dorsal Trapezium and the radial surface of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle

Function : Abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which radially abduct the thumb. Also radially deviates the wrist along with other mucles which produce wrist radial abduction

Nerve : Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery : Posterior Interosseous artery

2. Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons

Origin : Posterior surface of the Radius and the radioulnar interosseous membrane

Insertion : Dorsal base of the thumb proximal phalanx

Function : Extends the thumb MCP joint and weakly abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which produce radial and palmar abduction

Nerve : Posterior interosseous

Artery : Posterior interosseous

3. Opponens Pollicis

Tendons

Origin : transverse carpal ligament and the Trapezium

Insertion : Volar radial aspect of the Thumb Metacarpal

Function : flexes and pronates the basal joint along with other muscles which produce thumb opposition

Nerve : Motor Branch of the Median Nerve

Artery : Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery