Abdominal Aorc Aneurysm - OSUMC.EDUDuring his work up an aorc ultrasound exam was performed which...
Transcript of Abdominal Aorc Aneurysm - OSUMC.EDUDuring his work up an aorc ultrasound exam was performed which...
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AbdominalAor,cAneurysm
By:NancyLiao
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68‐year‐oldmalewithhistoryofsmallcelllungcancer,atrialfibrilla,on,CHF,coronaryarterydisease,COPD,AAA,andpancrea,,spresentedtotheEDbyEMSwithcomplaintsofdecreasedPOfor3daysandnausea/vomi,ng.HealsoreportsonepresyncopalepisodewhilegoingfromsiNngtostanding.EMSreportedbloodpressureat108/66onarrivalwithaheartrateof86.
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Duringhisworkupanaor,cultrasoundexamwasperformedwhichdemonstratedhispreviouslyknownabdominalaor,caneurysm.
Clinicalindica,onofbedsideAortaU/Sexam
(suspectedleakingorrupturedAAA):abdominalpain,hypotension,syncope,flankpain
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Aor,cLumenDiameter
Note:Aortashouldbemeasuredfromouterwalltoouterwallforevalua,onofAAA(>3.0cmisthelowerlimitforAAA)
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LongitudinalViewofAAA
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TransverseViewofAAA
LumenofAorta
Aneurysm
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TransverseViewofAAA
LumenofAorta
Aneurysm
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TransverseViewofAAA
LumenofAorta
Aneurysm
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OverviewofAAA
Aneurysm:involvesallthreelayersofaorta‐in,ma,media,andadven,,a
>3.0cmdiameter,measuredfromouterwalltoouterwall
Normaldiameteris<2.3cminmenand<1.9cminwomen.Diametermayincreasewithage.
Strongassocia,onwithatherosclerosis
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Presenta,on
• Maybeasymptoma,cun,lexpansionorrupture– Suddenandsevereabdominal,back,flank,orgroinpain
– Syncope– rupturedAAAo]enpresentsasshockas:hypotension,,tachycardia,andalteredmentalstatus.>65%ofpa,entswithrupturedAAAdiefromsuddencardiovascularcollapse
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RiskofRupture
• Diameterofaneurysmisdirectlycorrelatedwithriskofrupture
• substan,alincreaseinruptureriskasAAAdiameterincreasesfrom5cmto6cm
• Independentpredictorsofrupture:historyofsmoking,increasedini,aldiameter,COPD,andhypertension.
• Womenhavehigherratesofruptureatsmallerdiameters.
Guidelinesforthetreatmentofabdominalaor,caneurysms:ReportofasubcommideeoftheJointCounciloftheAmericanAssocia,onforVascularSurgeryandSocietyforVascularSurgeryDavidC.Brewstera,JackL.Cronenwed,JohnW.Halled,K.WayneJohnston,WilliamC.Krupski,JonS.Matsumura;JournalofVascularSurgery;May2003(Vol.37,Issue5,Pages1106‐1117)
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SurgicalTreatment• 5.5cmisthresholdforrepairinmostpa,ents,unlessrapidexpansion(>0.5cm/year)orpa,entsbecomesymptoma,c
• Elec,veinterven,onat4.5cmto5.0cmisindicatedinwomen.
• Endovascularrepair(EVAR)vs.standardopenrepair– EVAR‐lowermortalityandmorbiditybutalsowithhigherlatecomplica,onsandreinterven,onrates
Guidelinesforthetreatmentofabdominalaor,caneurysms:ReportofasubcommideeoftheJointCounciloftheAmericanAssocia,onforVascularSurgeryandSocietyforVascularSurgeryDavidC.Brewstera,JackL.Cronenwed,JohnW.Halled,K.WayneJohnston,WilliamC.Krupski,JonS.Matsumura;JournalofVascularSurgery;May2003(Vol.37,Issue5,Pages1106‐1117)
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MedicalManagement
• Riskfactormodifica,on– Smokingcessa,on– Hypertensivemanagement‐Betablockers– Hypercholesterolemiamanagement‐HMG‐CoAreductaseinhibitor(sta,ns)
• Followup– AAA>4.0cmshouldbemonitoredforrapidexpansion(>0.5cm/year)oranincreaseinsizeto5.5cmorlarger
– U/Sinterroga,onorCTscanningevery6months
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Pa,ent’shospitalcourse
Presyncope‐Thepa,entwasfoundtobeorthosta,cbyvitalsigns.HewasgivenIVfluidhydra,onandhadresolu,onofsymptoms.Cardiovascularworkupincluded:nega,veserialtroponins,normalAICDinterroga,on,andstableAAA(whichcon,nuedtobemedicallymanaged)
Intraventricularhemorrhage‐NoncontrastheadCTthatshowedanintraventricularhemorrhageinboththerightandle]lateralventricles,R>L.RepeatCTx2didnotshowanyprogressionofhemorrhage.Hedidnotdevelopanyfocalneurologicalchanges.Aspirin/Plavixwereheld.
Thepa,entwasdischargedonhomemedica,ons(exceptaspirinandPlavix)andwithhomenursingtoprovideintravenoushydra,onasneeded.