ABB Power Quality Filters

8/12/2019 ABB Power Quality Filters

1/16

Power QualityFiltersPQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

TheABB comprehensivesolution foractive harmonicfiltering,loadbalancingandreactive powercompensation


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PowerQuality relates to the amplitude, frequencyand

distortion ofthesupply system.Whiletheamplitudeand

frequencyofthesupplyislargelycontrolled by theutility,

thedistortion ofthewave (voltage orcurrent) is attributed

totheuser(ofthe power) or the loads. Linearloadslike

an induction motor,an incandescent bulb,resistive heating

ora capacitorbank drawa sinusoidal current which follows

thewave shapeofthe suppliedvoltage.On the otherhand,

mostofthecommon loadsnowadaysare non-linear, like

VSDs (Variable Speed Drives), rectifiers, UPS-systems,

computers,TVsets, energyefficient(f luorescent) lamps,

photocopiers etc.These loadsdrawa current from the

sourcewhich does not follow thevoltagewave shape and

hence introduce distortion.

The distortion isintroducedbyharmonicsgeneratedby

TheABB Power Quality Filteroffers unprecedented

ability to a ctivelyclean the network from harmonics,

to performsmoothreactive powercompensationandto

do loadbalancing.Thislastfeatureallowsfor the much

neededreduction of neutralto earthvoltagesin 4-wire

systems.

The PQF is i nsensitive to large network impedance

changese.g. dueto paralleling ofsources, or switching

between mains supplyand generatoroperation.

Itmonitors the linecurrentin realtime and processes

the measured harmonics a s digital s ign als i n a high-

p owe r multi- DS P (Dig ital Sig nal Process or) ba sed

system. The digital c ontrollergenerates P ulseWidth

Mod ulated (PW M) sig nals that drive IGBT power

modules whichthrough line reactors inject harmonic

currentsinthe networkwith exactly the opposite phase

to the components thatareto be filtered.

The PQFalso offers communication facilities. Depending

on the exist ing cust ome r comm unication network,

different solutions a re available ranging from s everal

digital I/O contac ts to an opt io nal Mod bus RT U

communication interface.

the non-lineardevices.These harmonics are a growing

problem forboth electricity suppliersandusers.

Harmonics can leadtoseriousproblems:

reduced energyefficiency when harmonicsare

in the network

overheating of cables, motorsand transformers

damage to sensitive equipment

tripping of circuit breakers

blowing of fuses

premature ageing of the installation

capacitoroverloading and failures

high current in neutral conductors

excitation of networkresonance

no connection permit from the utilityif harmonic

levels are too high

Principle of operation

Load

Harmonics andPowerQuality

TheABBsolution: ThePQF PowerQualityFilter

Fundamental only

UNFILTEREDLINECURRENT(100A/div)800

-800

0

0 TIME (5ms/div)

Harmonicsonly

Feeder

Typical VSD supplycurrent

+ # " '' '$ '( +, +* +) +& *+ *# *" $' $$ $( #,

UNFILTERED

LINECURRENT

(%

FUNDAMENTAL)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

0HARMONIC ORDER

Clean feedercurrent

Harmonic order

Loadcurrent

= +

Active filtercurrent

PQF

CT


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3ABB

Has programmable task priorities

Two setsof compensation parameters for

different load typecompensation

Is not overloadable

Programmable stand-byandre-start

functions

Faultand event logging with real time stamp

Direct connectionupto 690V(CE/C-Tick)

and600V(cUL)

Top orbottomcable entry(bottomcable

entryonlyforPQFS)

Easycommissioning auto-detection of

CTpolarityand installed phase

Does not require detailed networkanalysis

Does not require special CTs

Is easy to extend onsite

Comes factory tested

Optical fiberisolationbetween powerand

controlstages

Advanced programmable digital I/Ointerface

ModbusRTU communicationcompatible

3phase 3/4 wireconnectivity(PQFS)

Easy wall mounting design (PQFS)

Backlit userinterface (PQF-Manager)

Allowsinstallations to run more efficiently

Filters upto 20 harmonics simultaneously

(15 forPQFK andPQFSin 4-wire mode)

Filters upto the 50th harmonic

Filters zero phase sequence harmonics

(3rd, 9th, ...) in the neutral (PQFK andPQFS)

Harmonic attenuation factorbetter than

97%

Fulfillment of international guidelines like

G5/4, IEEE 519, etc

Operates with closed loop control forbest

accuracy

Has a programmable filteringstrategyand

freechoice of harmonics selection

Auto-adaptationto network impedance

changes

Mayfilter withoutgeneration of reactive

power/loadbalancing

Maygenerate reactive powerandcontrol

powerfactor

Maybalance the load current across the

phases andbetween phases and neutral

(PQFK andPQFS)

The PQ F offers the perfe ct sol ut ion for harmonic

filtration.The neteffectofa PQFisa cleansinewave. In

other words, the feedingtransformercarriesa harmonicfree current and consequently there is no network

pollution introduced by the filtered load.

ThePQF also incorporatesloadbalancing functionality

allowing loadcurrent tobe distributed evenlyover the

phases and reducing neutral cur rent stress (4-wire

models). This feature is e speciallyneeded in 4-wire

applications suchasdatacenters, hotels, banks, etc.The

rea ct ive power c omp e nsa t i o n m o d e a ll ows t o

compensate precisely uptotargetcos $ valuesandthis

forboth inductiveand capacitive loads.

The clo se d l oop con trol system offer s an added

advantage ofa ccurate operation without a nyneed of

special measuring devices.The digital c ontrollers giveincreased flexibility, reliabilityand accuracy.

The PQF -Manager allows a wide range of choi ce for

me asu re me nt of va rious ne twork pa rame te r s ,

programmingand settingsofthePQF.

AB B PQF s are de signed to meet the limitatio ns on

harmonic pollut io n as pe r vario us in ternation al

guidelineslikeG 5/4,IEEE519 etc.Thecompleterange

ofPQF isCE marked.ThePQF-range (exceptPQFS)can

be offered incUL execution for voltages upto600V. C-

Tickapprovedversionscanalsobe obtained. ISO9001

and ISO 14001certificationsensurebestqualityin the

manufacturing process.

Advantages ofthePQF

PQF : Theultimate step in filtering efficiency, load balancing

andreactive powercompensation

FILTEREDL

INECURRENT(100A/div)

800

-800

0

0 TIME (5ms/div)

VSDsupplycurrent - Filter running

+ # " '' '$ '( +, +* +) +& *+ *# *" $' $$ $( #,

FILTER

ED

LINECURRENT

(%

FUNDAMENTAL)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

0HARMONIC ORDER


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4 ABB

PQFI: TheABBsolution foractive filtering of harmonicsforheavyindustrial loads

Description

Typical applications

PQFIThePQFI consists of one masterand uptosevenslave

uni ts mo unted in cubicle s toge the r with aux il iar y

apparatus and wiring to form a factoryassembled and

tested system. The standard PQFI i s offered in IP21

execution.

The dimensions ofa s inglePQFI unit are 800 x 600 x

2150 m m (Wx D x H). La rge systems consist ing of

several PQFIunits(master+ slaves) mayoptionallybe

mounted ona base frame fora total heightof2250mm.

ThePQFIfilterismodularin design. On-site extensions

are easilymadebyaddingslaveunits(maximumseven)

in paralleltothe master unit. Instandard execution each

cubicle hasitsown powerca ble connection terminal.

If desired, a commonca ble entrycubicle maybeused

(optional). The PQFI is suitable ford irect c onnection

up t o 6 90V(600Vforc UL versions) a nd is offered in

twovoltage groups(from208Vto 480V and from 480V

to690V). Eachvoltage group includes unitsof different

current ratings. Intermixing ofunitsofboth equaland

unequal rating is allowed in t he s ame voltage group.The PQFI is suitable foroperation on 50Hz a nd 60Hz

networks.

W

H

D

Oil and gas industry

Steel industry

Water industry

Cement i ndustry

Automotive industry

Process p lants

Pulp and paper

Powerelectronics

PWM converter

IGBTtechnology

PQF-Manager

Versatileuserinterface

Digital control (DSP)

Programmable filtering

characteristics

Perfect multi-tuning to

selected harmonics

Not overloadable

Programmable power

factorcorrection

Load balancing feature

Zero reactive power

filteringcapability

Programmable task

priorities

Forced aircooling

Breakerand auxiliaries


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5ABB

PQFI technical specifications

Active filterfor three-phase networks with or withoutneutral forfiltering of nonzero phasesequence harmonicsandreactive powercompensation

including load balancing.

Connection diagram

CT1 CT2 CT3 L1 L2 L3

L1

L3

L2x/5A

x/5A

x/5A

P.E.

SUPPLY LOAD(S)

PQFI

Typical result ofPQFI filteringapplication

Modbuscommunication

Electrical digitalI/Ointerface

0

THD H05 H10 H15 H20 H25

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

THD H05 H10 H15 H20 H25

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Harmonic current withoutPQF Harmonic current with PQF

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

Filter line current per unit (RMS)

(50or 60 Hz)

CT requirement

Modularity

Physical mounting

Tolerance

Harmonics to filter

Degree of filtering

Harmonic a ttenuation factor

(IH

(source)/IH

(load))

Reactive power

Loadbalancing

Communication

DigitalI/O

Programming

Responsetime

208V"U"480V 480V


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6 ABB

PQFM: TheABBsolution foractive filtering of harmonicsforindustrial loads of lowercapacity

Description


PQFMThePQFM consistsof one masteranduptosevenslave

units m ounted in cubicles toge ther with auxil iary

apparatus andwiringto forma factoryassembled and

tested system. The standard PQFMi s offered in I P21

execution and plate execution (IP00).

The dimensions ofa single PQFMunit a re 600 x 600

x 2150 mm (Wx D x H). The dimensions ofthe IP00

execut ion are 498 x 504 x 1697 m m (Wx D x H).

ThePQFMfilterismodularin design. On-site extensionsare easilymadebyaddingslaveunits(maximumseven)

in parallel t o t he master unit. In s tandard execution

each cubicle has its own power ca ble connection

terminal. If desired, a commoncable entrycubicle may

be us ed (optional). The PQFM is offered in the range

from208Vto 480V(600VforcULversions).This range

includes unitsof differentcurrent ratings. Intermixing

ofunits o f both equal and u nequal rating is a llowed

(maximum one unit rating difference between the

largest and the smallest unit rating in a filter system).

ThePQFMis suitable foroperation on 50Hz and60Hz

networks.

W

H

D

Water industry

Steel industry

Oil and gas industry

Cement i ndustry

Automotive industry

Process p lants

Pulp and paper

PQF-Manager




characteristics


selected harmonics

Not overloadable

Programmable power

factorcorrection


Zero reactive powerfilteringcapability

Programmable task

priorities

Powerelectronics

PWM converter

IGBTtechnologs

Forced aircooling

Top orbottom cable entry


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8 ABB

PQFK: TheABBsolution foractive filtering of harmonicsforcommercial loads includingzero-sequenceharmonics inthe neutral

Description


PQFKThePQFK consistsof one masteranduptothreeslave

units m ounted in cubicles toge ther with auxil iary

apparatus andwiringto forma factoryassembled and

tested system. The standard PQFKis offered in IP21

execution and plate execution (IP00).

The dimensionsofa singlePQFKunitare600 x 600 x

2150 mm (Wx D x H). The dimension s o ft he IP00execut ion are 498 x 403 x 1697 m m (Wx D x H).

ThePQFKfilterismodularin design. On-site extensions

are easilymadebyaddingslaveunits(maximumthree)

in parallel t o t he master unit. In s tandard execution

each cubicle has its own power ca ble connection

terminal. If desired, a commoncable entrycubicle may

be u sed (option al). The PQFK is suitable ford irect

connection up to 415 V.The PQFKisoffered in units

of different current rating s. Intermixing ofunits o funequalrating isnotallowed.ThePQFKis suitable for

operation on 50Hz and 60Hznetworks.

W

H

D

Offices and b uildings,

UPS systems,

HVAC,

Computercenters,

Lifts,

...

PQF-Manager




characteristics


selected harmonics

(includingzero-sequence)

Not overloadable

Programmable power

factorcorrection


Zero reactive power

filteringcapability

Programmable task

priorities


- Phase to phase

- Phase to neutral

Powerelectronics

PWM converter

IGBTtechnology

Forced aircooling

Top orbottom cable entry


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9ABB

Typical result ofPQFKfilteringapplication

Connection diagram

SUPPLYLOAD(S)

PQFK ModbuscommunicationElectrical digitalI/Ointerface

PQFKtechnical specification

Active filterfor three-phase four-wiresystemsforfiltering of harmonics, includingzero phasesequence currentin the neutral, reactive power

compensation and load balancing between phases as well as between phases and neutral.

' * # ( & '' '* '# '( '& +' +* +# +( +& *'

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

0

40

20

60

80

100

' * # ( & '' '* '# '( '& +' +* +# +( +& *'

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

0

40

20

60

80

100

Neutral harmonic current without PQF Neutral harmonic current with PQF

Note: thePQFKfilters also harmonicsbetween linesapartfromthe neutralconductor.


(50or 60 Hz)

Neutralcurrent

CT requirement

Modularity

Physical mounting

Tolerance

Harmonics to filter

Degree of filtering


(IH

(source)/IH

(load))

Reactive power

Loadbalancing

Communication

DigitalI/O

Programming

Responsetime

208V"U"415V

70A

100A

3 t imes the lineRMS currentmentioned

above.

3 CTs required (class1.0orbetter).

5 Amps secondary rating.

Filterburden:5 VA.

Upto 4 unitsof equalrating.

Oneunitperpanel.

+/- 10% in voltage.

+/- 5% in frequency.

15 individual harmonics selectable from2nd

to 50th order.

Individuallyprogrammable perharmonicinabsoluteterms.

Better than 97% (at rated load).

Targetdisplacementpowerfactorprogrammable

from0.6(inductive)to0.6(capacitive).

Programmable load balancing between phases

and between phases and neutral.

UsingModbusRTUinterface (optional).

Through RS-232port w ith optional dedicated

software (PQF-Link).

6digital outputs (free of potential).

2digital inputs(free of potential).

1 NO/NC a larmcontact(free of potential).

UsingPQF-Manager.

UsingPQF-Linksoftware (optional)andPC

(notprovided).


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10 ABB

PQFS: TheABBsolution foractive filtering of harmonicsforcommercial, residential and light industrial loadsforinstallations with or withoutneutral

Description


PQFSThe PQFS is suitableforconnection to electrical networks

withandwithoutneutral.Its wall-mount, compactdesign

allows it to be installed at anylocationwhere onlylimited

space is available.The PQFS isoffered in IP30execution.

The dimensionsofa singlePQFSunitare 585x 310 x

700 mm (Wx D x H).

The PQFS i s m odular in design a nd consists of one

masterand upto threeslaveunits. On-site extensions

are easilymade byaddingthe slaveunits side by side

in parallel tothe master unit. PQFSunits are available

in the current range from 30 At o 100 A. Intermixing

ofunitsofunequalrating isnotallowed.

ThePQFSis suitable fordirectconnection to network

voltagesin therange208V- 240V and380V- 415V. It

is su itable foroperation on 50Hzand60 Hznetworks.

W

H

D

Offices and b uildings,

UPS systems,

Residential b uildings,

Computercenters,

Light industrial loads,

...

Compact wall mounted design

3 and 4 wire functionality

PQF-Manager



Programmable filteringcharacteristics

Perfect multi-tuning to selected

harmonics

(includingzero-sequence)

Not overloadable

Programmable powerfactorcorrection


- Phase to phase

- Phase to neutral

Zero reactive powerfilteringcapability

Programmable task priorities

Powerelectronics PWM converter

IGBTtechnology

Bottom cable entry


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11ABB

Typical result ofPQFS filteringapplication

Connection diagram

SUPPLYLOAD(S)

PQFS ModbuscommunicationElectrical digitalI/Ointerface

PQFStechnical specification

Active filterfor three-phase three-wire and four-wire systems forfiltering of harmonics,including zero phase sequence current in theneutral,reactive power

compensation and load balancing between phases as well as between phases and neutral.

' * # ( & '' '* '# '( '& +' +* +# +( +& *'

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

0

40

20

60

80

100

' * # ( & '' '* '# '( '& +' +* +# +( +& *'

%

FUND

HARMONIC ORDER

0

40

20

60

80

100

Neutral harmonic current without PQF Neutral harmonic current with PQF

Note: the PQFSfilters also harmonics between lines apart from the neutral conductor when connected.


(50or 60 Hz)

Neutralcurrent

CT requirement

Modularity

Physical mountingTolerance

Harmonics to filter

Degree of filtering


(IH

(source)/IH

(load))

Reactive power

Loadbalancing

208V"U"240V 380V"U"415V

30A 30A

45A 45A

60A 60A

70A 70A

80A 80 A

90A 90 A

100A 100A

3 t imes the lineRMS currentmentioned

above limitedto270 Arms.

3 CTs required (class1.0orbetter).

5 Amps secondary rating.

Filterburden:5 VA.

Upto 4 unitsof equalrating.

Wall mount type enclosure.+/- 10% in voltage.

+/- 5% in frequency.

3-wire connection:20 individual harmonics

selectable from2ndto 50th order.

4-wire connection:15 individual harmonics

selectable from2ndto 50th order.

Individuallyprogrammable perharmonicin

absoluteterms.

Better than 97% (at rated load).

Targetdisplacementpowerfactorprogrammable

from0.6(inductive)to0.6(capacitive).

Programmable loadbalancingbetween

phasesandbetween phasesand neutral.

Communication

Digital I/O

Programming

Responsetime

Active power

Protection degree

Enclosure dimension

Weight(unpacked)Color

Installation

Environment

Ambient

temperature

Humidity

Options

UsingModbusRTU interface (optional).

ThroughRS-232port w ith optional dedicated

software (PQF-Link).

6digital outputs(free of potential).

2digital inputs(free of potential).

1 NO/NC alarmcontact(free of potential).

UsingPQF-Manager.

UsingPQF-Linksoftware (optional) andPC

(notprovided).


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12 ABB

DISPLAY

ThePQF-Managerbacklitlarge displayprovides the

following main functions :

Starting, stoppingand resetting the filter

Measurement, analysis, loggingand printing

ofcharacteristicparameters

Setting upthe filter

Monitoring the filterloadand faultlogging

Providing filteridentification information

KEYPADThere are 5 keys which include Up, D own, OK,

Escape and Help functions. Using t hese keys the

usereasilynavigates throughthevariousmenusand

controls thePQF.

MENUS

Fourmain menusexist:

Measurements

Settings

PQFmonitoring

About PQF

MeasurementsThe PQF-Managermeasures all parameters like

Line voltages*(RMS and fundamental)

Line currents*(RMS and fundamental)

Filtercurrents*(RMS)

Frequency

Voltage distortion

Currentdistortion

Line voltage imbalance

Active power(kW)

Reactive power(kvar)

Apparentpower(kVA) DisplacementPowerFactor(DPF)

PowerFactor(PF)

DCvoltage indication

Max. IGBTtemperature

Furthermore t he PQF-Managera llows monitoring of

temperatures using two optionaltemperature probes.

ThePQF-Manageroffers an excellentmin/max logging

function. Formost ofthe measured parameters, itcan

display the defined t hreshold value a nd t he duration

during whicht he threshold value is exceeded. The

maximum value encountered is also shown.

The PQF-ManagerThe PQ F-Ma nager is the Graph ica l User Interfac e

providedwithallthePQFtypesasa standardaccessory.

It offers di rect con trol ,prog ramming,monitorin g

capabilities withouta PC,communication facilitiesand

detailed faultand eventloggingwithrealtime st amp.

The PQF -Manager(144x 144 mm), fitted in the front

panel oft he PQF with its large bac kli t LCD screen

display(64x 132pixel) makesoperatingthe filter very

convenient.

* Harmonic charts, harmonic tables a nd waveforms ca n be displayed.


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13ABB

Settings

The Settings menu has various sub-menus allowing awide

range of possibili ties fo r the u ser to s et up t he PQF

parameters, target values, task priorities and installation

settingslikeCT ratio, derating factor, unitcurrent rating,

network parameterslikevoltageand frequency,

The commissioning s ettings a re us ed to s et the b asic

parameters which includethe networkcharacteristics,

unit rating, derating, realtime clocksettings, print and

communication settings.There is alsoan automatic CT

detection programwhich finds wrong CT connections

and proposes theCT ratio.

Thesettingsmaybe protected bya password.Ahardware

lock is also available to avoid any unauthorized or

accidental change ofPQF -Manager settings.

PQF MonitoringThis m enu allows an overviewo ft he P QF o peration

including t he fault and event log. The PQF loading

indicates the percentage of filter capacity used. The

faults and eventslogged havea realtime stamp.

About PQF

This me nu shows the serial number and s oftware

version ofthe PQF.

threshold

%

total duration = t1 + t2 + t3

t1 t2 t3

maximum recorded

time

Powerful featuresFullygraphics backlit display

With itslarge dimensions and the clearpositioning of

information, prompts and icons, the backlit PQF-Manager

offers a high level ofreadabilityandanunprecedented

level ofviewing comfort.

Menu navigation

Asimpleand userfriendlyorganization of menus and

itemsmakes the navigation easyand intuitive.

Communication

The PQ F -Ma nage r is provided with Mod bus RT Ucommunication features. Through a Modbus R S-485

convert er (o ptio nal) ,t he PQF ca n be linked to a

supervision system oft he c ustomer.All parameters,

settings and measurements are accessible remotely.

Help button

The Help button givesinstant access to a comprehensive

description of mostofthe featuresand functionalityof

thePQF.

Easycommissioning

Withautomaticdetectionandcorrection ofCT reversal

commissioning ismade easy.

Main/auxiliaryparameters

ThePQF-Managerallowsfor twosetsof parametersfor

harmonic fi ltering a nd reactive powerc ompensation

and load balancing.

Programmable electrical digital I/O

ThePQF-Managerhas t wo opto-isolated digital inputs,

sixprogrammable digital outputsand one potential free

alarmrelay witha NO and a NC contact.

Min/Maxlogging

The PQF -Manager can record t he t otal duration anyspecificnetwork parameterhasexceededtheset value

as well as recordthe extreme valuesmeasured.


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Line current spectrum and waveform

(3 phases) displayed simultaneously

Simultaneousdisplayof several windows

The PQF-Linksoftware(optional)

The PQF-Linksoftware offers direct control,programming

and monitoring capabilityfrom a PC throughthe RS-232

serial port.

Allthe featuresofthePQF-Linkare directlyaccessible

byclicking onthe iconsoftheshortcutmenu.

Accordingtothe login level oftheuser, differentfeatures

areavailable.

Three different access l evels a re defined in the login

procedure.

Particularfeatures include:

Detailed information onPQF status:

% of filtercapacity used

Faulthistory

Advanced s pectrum display- bar g raph a ndtable ofvaluesin the same window:

Line/phasevoltages

Line currents

Filtercurrents

Display of the PQF and network w aveforms

with a variable time ba se:

Line voltages

Line currents

Filtercurrents

Network information (RMS, THD, )

Sim ultane ous wavef orm di spl ay fo r the 3

phases

Continuous updating of displayed information

or snapshot display

Remotecontroland programming ofthe PQF

On/off

Mode selection

Reactive power control a nd load b alancing

Harmonicrequirements set up

Installation set-up

Networkcharacteristics

Filter sensors

Filterhardware

Display of several windows simultaneously

Add/remove users and define their access level

The PQF-Linkworks underWindows NT 4 (Service Pack

3minimum),Windows 2000 orWindows XP. A cable

forPC connection is suppliedwiththePQF-Link.

14 ABB


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2G

CS304017A0070

April2008

Copyright2008

ABB.Allrights

reserved

While allcare has been taken to ensure that the informationcontainedin this publication is correct, no responsibility

canbeaccepted for anyinaccuracy.Wereservetheright toalterormodify the informationcontained hereinat

any timein thelight oftechnical or other developments.Technical specifications are valid under normal operating

conditionsonly. We d o n ot accept any responsibilityfor any misuse ofthe product and cannot be held liablefor

indirectorconsequential damages.

www.abb.com/lowvoltage

ABB Power Quality Filters

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