ABAP03 ABAP Objects Workshop Sv En
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Transcript of ABAP03 ABAP Objects Workshop Sv En
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 1
Horst KellerSAP AG
ABAP Objects
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 2
Workshop Goals
l Position of ABAP Objects within the R/3 System
l Overview of the syntax of ABAP Objects
l Working with existing classes and interfaces
l Defining classes and interfaces
l Creating objects
l Reacting to events
l Understanding the polymorphism provided by interfaces and inheritance
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 3
This is not a comprehensive course in object-oriented programming
SAP‘s training class BC404
Workshop Goals
l There is more to object-oriented development than just object-oriented programming. It has logical advantages that are independent of the concrete implementation.
l The most important (and most time-consuming) part of a real object-oriented application is the object-oriented modeling.
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 4
Contents
l Introduction
l From Function Groups to Classes
l Objects and Object Handling
l Classes
l Inheritance
l Interfaces
l Events
l Using Global Classes
l Exercises
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 5
Introduction
l Object orientation
l Objects
l ABAP Objects
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 6
Function
Function Function Function Function
Data Data
Data Data
Data
Data
MethodMethodMethod
AttributesAttributes
AbstractionAbstraction
MethodsMethods
Functions and data Data model as an abstraction of the
real world
Software objects Object model as anabstraction of the
real world
Real-world objects
Object Orientation
Function Function Function
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 7
PublicaccessPrivate
access
Privatecomponents
Interface
l Public events
l Publicattributes
l Public methods
BOOK
Objects
FLIGHT
AirlineFlight numberFlight
Address
Passenger-list
Customer
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 8
ABAP Objects
l ABAP Objects is an downwards-compatible extension of the existing ABAP language
l You can use existing ABAP statements within ABAP Objects
l You can use ABAP Objects within existing programs
l ABAP Objects is fully integrated in the ABAP Debugger
l ABAP Objects is an downwards-compatible extension of the existing ABAP language
l You can use existing ABAP statements within ABAP Objects
l You can use ABAP Objects within existing programs
l ABAP Objects is fully integrated in the ABAP Debugger
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 9
From Function Groups to Classes
l Instances of function groups as objects
l Example: Function group as counter
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 10
External session
DataFunctionmodule
…
Function group 1
DataFunctionmodule
…
Function group 2
Internal session of an ABAP program
ABAP program with data
CALL FUNCTION ...
Instances of Function Groups as Objects
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 11
Function Group as Counter - Definition
FUNCTION-POOL COUNTER.
DATA COUNT TYPE I.
FUNCTION SET_COUNTER.* Local Interface IMPORTING VALUE(SET_VALUE)
COUNT = SET_VALUE.ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION INCREMENT_COUNTER.COUNT = COUNT + 1.
ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION GET_COUNTER.* Local Interface: EXPORTING VALUE(GET_VALUE)
GET_VALUE = COUNT.ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION-POOL COUNTER.
DATA COUNT TYPE I.
FUNCTION SET_COUNTER.* Local Interface IMPORTING VALUE(SET_VALUE)
COUNT = SET_VALUE.ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION INCREMENT_COUNTER.COUNT = COUNT + 1.
ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION GET_COUNTER.* Local Interface: EXPORTING VALUE(GET_VALUE)
GET_VALUE = COUNT.ENDFUNCTION.
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 12
Function Group as Counter - Call
DATA NUMBER TYPE I VALUE 5.
CALL FUNCTION 'SET_COUNTER' EXPORTINGSET_VALUE = NUMBER.
DO 3 TIMES.CALL FUNCTION 'INCREMENT_COUNTER'.
ENDDO.
CALL FUNCTION 'GET_COUNTER' IMPORTINGGET_VALUE = NUMBER.
DATA NUMBER TYPE I VALUE 5.
CALL FUNCTION 'SET_COUNTER' EXPORTINGSET_VALUE = NUMBER.
DO 3 TIMES.CALL FUNCTION 'INCREMENT_COUNTER'.
ENDDO.
CALL FUNCTION 'GET_COUNTER' IMPORTINGGET_VALUE = NUMBER.
NUMBER has value 8
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 13
External session
Internal session of an ABAP program
DatenDaten... Data
...
FunktionsFunktions--bausteinbaustein
…
nth instance, class m
DataInterface
…
1st instance, class m
ABAP program with data
DatenDaten... Data
...
SchnittSchnitt--stellestelle
…
nth instance, class 1
DataInterface
…
1st instance, class 1
Classes Generalize Function Groups
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 14
Classes, References, and Objects
l Example: Class as counter
l Reference variables
l Creating objects
l Calling methods
l Working with references
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 15
Example: Class as Counter
CLASS counter DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: set IMPORTINGVALUE(set_value) TYPE i,
increment,get EXPORTING
VALUE(get_value) TYPE i.PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA count TYPE i.ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: set IMPORTINGVALUE(set_value) TYPE i,
increment,get EXPORTING
VALUE(get_value) TYPE i.PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA count TYPE i.ENDCLASS. CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD set.count = set_value.
ENDMETHOD.METHOD increment.
count = count + 1. ENDMETHOD.METHOD get.
get_value = count.ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD set.
count = set_value.ENDMETHOD.METHOD increment.
count = count + 1. ENDMETHOD.METHOD get.
get_value = count.ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 16
Reference Variables
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.
CNT_1
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 17
Creating an Object
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.
CNT_1
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 18
Calling Methods
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.
DATA number TYPE I VALUE 5.
CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set EXPORTING set_value = number.
DO 3 TIMES.CALL METHOD
cnt_1->increment.ENDDO.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->get IMPORTING get_value = number.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.
DATA number TYPE I VALUE 5.
CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set EXPORTING set_value = number.
DO 3 TIMES.CALL METHOD
cnt_1->increment.ENDDO.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->get IMPORTING get_value = number.
CNT_1
1<COUNTER>
NUMBER has the value 8
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 19
Several Reference Variables
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 20
Several Objects
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 21
Assigning Reference Variables
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 22
Deleting Reference Variables
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 23
Garbage Collection
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 24
Garbage Collection
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
CLEAR cnt_3.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
CLEAR cnt_3.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 25
3<COUNTER>
New Objects
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
CLEAR cnt_3.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_2,
cnt_3.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
CLEAR cnt_3.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_2,
cnt_3.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 26
3<COUNTER>
Methods of Several Objects
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2,
cnt_3.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set EXPORTING set_value = 1.
CALL METHOD cnt_2->set EXPORTING set_value = 10.
CALL METHOD cnt_3->set EXPORTING set_value = 100.
DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2,
cnt_3.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set EXPORTING set_value = 1.
CALL METHOD cnt_2->set EXPORTING set_value = 10.
CALL METHOD cnt_3->set EXPORTING set_value = 100.
CNT_1
CNT_2
CNT_3
2<COUNTER>
1<COUNTER>
The value of COUNT is different in each object
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 27
l Declaring reference variables
l Creating objects
l Accessing attributes and methods
DATA: ref1 TYPE REF TO class,ref2 TYPE REF TO class.
DATA: ref1 TYPE REF TO class,ref2 TYPE REF TO class.
CREATE OBJECT: ref1, ref2.CREATE OBJECT: ref1, ref2.
x = ref1->attr + ref2->attr.CALL METHOD ref1->method EXPORTING ...x = ref1->attr + ref2->attr.CALL METHOD ref1->method EXPORTING ...
Objects: Summary
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 28
Classes in Detail
l Structure of classes
l Components of classes
l Accessing the components
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 29
Class c1Class c1
All usersAll users
Privatecomponents
a3, m3, e3
Methodimplementations
Protected componentsa2, m2, e2, …
Public components
a1,m1,e1
…
CLASS c1 DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA: a1 …METHODS: m1 …EVENTS: e1 …
PROTECTED SECTION.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c1 IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD m1. … ENDMETHOD.
METHOD m2. … ENDMETHOD.
METHOD m3. … ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Subclasses of c1
Structure of Classes - Visibility Sections
DATA: a2 …METHODS: m2 …EVENTS: e2 …DATA: a3 …METHODS: m3 …EVENTS: e3 …
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 30
CLASS ... DEFINITION....... SECTION.
DATA ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CLASS-DATA ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CONSTANTS ... TYPE ... VALUE ... ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION....... SECTION.
DATA ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CLASS-DATA ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CONSTANTS ... TYPE ... VALUE ... ...
ENDCLASS.
Components of Classes: Attributes
l DATA: Instance attributes
l CLASS-DATA: Static attributes
l CONSTANTS: Constants
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 31
Static Attributes and Instance Attributes
DATA: cref TYPE REF TO c.
WRITE c=>a1.
CREATE OBJECT cref TYPE c.
WRITE cref->a2.
DATA: cref TYPE REF TO c.
WRITE c=>a1.
CREATE OBJECT cref TYPE c.
WRITE cref->a2.
CREF
1<CLASS>
a2...
CLASSa1...
CLASSa1...
CLASS c DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
... CLASS-DATA a1(10) TYPE C
VALUE 'Static'.DATA a2(10) TYPE C
VALUE 'Instance'....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
... CLASS-DATA a1(10) TYPE C
VALUE 'Static'.DATA a2(10) TYPE C
VALUE 'Instance'....
ENDCLASS.
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 32
CLASS ... DEFINITION....... SECTION.
METHODS ... IMPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]EXPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ...CHANGING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]RETURNING VALUE(...) TYPE ...EXCEPTIONS ...
CLASS-METHODS ... ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION....... SECTION.
METHODS ... IMPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]EXPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ...CHANGING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]RETURNING VALUE(...) TYPE ...EXCEPTIONS ...
CLASS-METHODS ... ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD ...
...ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD ...
...ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Components of Classes: Methods
l METHODS : Instance methods
l CLASS-METHODS: Static methods
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 33
CLASS c DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR[IMPORTING arg1 TYPE type ... ].
CLASS-METHODS CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR[IMPORTING arg1 TYPE type ... ].
CLASS-METHODS CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
...ENDMETHOD.METHOD CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
...ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
...ENDMETHOD.METHOD CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
...ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
PROGRAM … .
DATA o1 TYPE REF TO c. CREATE OBJECT o1 EXPORTING arg1 = v1 ...
PROGRAM … .
DATA o1 TYPE REF TO c. CREATE OBJECT o1 EXPORTING arg1 = v1 ...
Constructors
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 34
class=>compclass=>comp
ref–>compref–>comp
Accessing the components of classes
l Instance components
n Instance attribute ref->attr
n Instance method: call method ref->meth
l Static components
n Static attribute: class=>attr
n Static method: call method class=>meth
l Special references in methods
n Self reference: ME->comp
n Pseudo reference SUPER->comp
n<class>
...
ME
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 35
Inheritance
l Introduction
l Overview
l Single inheritance
l Redefining methods
l Example: Subclass of superclass counter
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 36
n<class3>class1
CREF3
CREF2
CREF1
class2
class3
Inheritance: Introduction
l Definition of a class by inheriting the components from a superclass (Reuse)
l Specialization by adding own components and redefining methods in subclasses
l Polymorphism by accessing subclass objects
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 37
Class c1CLASS c1 DEFINITION INHERITING FROM ......ENDCLASS.
CLASS c1 IMPLEMENTATION....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c2 DEFINITION INHERITING FROM c1....ENDCLASS.
CLASS c2 IMPLEMENTATION....
ENDCLASS.
Class c2
Class OBJECT
Class ...
...
...
Inheritance - Overview
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 38
C1 ...
OBJECT
C2...
...
Single Inheritance
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 39
CLASS ... DEFINITION INHERITING FROM ...
... SECTION.METHODS ... REDEFINITON ... ...
...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION INHERITING FROM ...
... SECTION.METHODS ... REDEFINITON ... ...
...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Redefining Methods
Semantic rules
l Subclasses must behave just like their superclass for all users of inherited components
l A redefined method must observe the original semantics
l Inheritance should only be used to specialize
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 40
CLASS subclass DEFINITION INHERITING FROM superclass.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR IMPORTING ... ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS subclass DEFINITION INHERITING FROM superclass.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR IMPORTING ... ...
ENDCLASS.CLASS subclass IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR....CALL METHOD SUPER->CONSTRUCTOR EXPORTING ......
ENDMETHOD....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS subclass IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
...CALL METHOD SUPER->CONSTRUCTOR EXPORTING ......
ENDMETHOD....
ENDCLASS.
PROGRAM ...
DATA o1 TYPE REF TO subclass. CREATE OBJECT o1 TYPE subclass EXPORTING ...
PROGRAM ...
DATA o1 TYPE REF TO subclass. CREATE OBJECT o1 TYPE subclass EXPORTING ...
Access to staticattributes only
Accress to instance attributes also
Inheritance and Constructors
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 41
Subclass for Superclass Counter*
CLASS counter_ten DEFINITION INHERITING FROM counter. PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS increment REDEFINITION. DATA count_ten.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten DEFINITION INHERITING FROM counter. PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS increment REDEFINITION. DATA count_ten.
ENDCLASS. CLASS counter_ten IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD increment.
DATA modulo TYPE I. CALL METHOD super->increment.modulo = count mod 10.IF modulo = 0.
count_ten = count_ten + 1.ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD increment.
DATA modulo TYPE I. CALL METHOD super->increment.modulo = count mod 10.IF modulo = 0.
count_ten = count_ten + 1.ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS.
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT count TYPE counter_ten.CALL METHOD count->set EXPORTING set_value = number.DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD count->increment.ENDDO.
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT count TYPE counter_ten.CALL METHOD count->set EXPORTING set_value = number.DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD count->increment.ENDDO.
PROTECTED SECTION. DATA count TYPE I.
PROTECTED SECTION. DATA count TYPE I.
*Replace PRIVATE with:
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 42
Interfaces
l Introduction
l Overview
l Definition
l Implementation
l Interface references
l Example: Interface for counter
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 43
n<class3>
n<class2>
n<class1>iref_line
iref_line
iref_line
iref_tab
Interface
Interfaces: Introduction
l Definition of an interface for a class without implementation
l Classes can implement several interfaces
l Uniform access with interface references
l Polymorphism independent from inheritance
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 44
Class c1Class c1
Privatecomponents
a2, m2, e2
Methodimplementations
Protected componentsa3, m3, e3, …
Publiccomponents
CLASS c1 DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES i1 ...DATA a1 ...
PROTECTED SECTION.PRIVATE SECTION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c1 IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD i1~m1. … ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
INTERFACE i1.DATA: a1 ...METHODS: m1 ...EVENTS: e1 ...
ENDINTERFACE.
i1~a1,i1~m1,...
a1,...
Interfaces - Overview
All usersAll users Subclasses of c1
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 45
INTERFACE ... ....DATA: ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CLASS-DATA: ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CONSTANTS: ... TYPE ... [VALUE ...]
METHODS: ... IMPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]EXPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ...CHANGING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]RETURNING VALUE(...) TYPE ...EXCEPTIONS ...
CLASS-METHODS: ...
EVENTS: ... [EXPORTING VALUE(...) TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]]. CLASS-EVENTS:...
INTERFACES: ...
ENDINTERFACE.
INTERFACE ... ....DATA: ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CLASS-DATA: ... TYPE ... [READ-ONLY] ... CONSTANTS: ... TYPE ... [VALUE ...]
METHODS: ... IMPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]EXPORTING [VALUE] ... TYPE ...CHANGING [VALUE] ... TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]RETURNING VALUE(...) TYPE ...EXCEPTIONS ...
CLASS-METHODS: ...
EVENTS: ... [EXPORTING VALUE(...) TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]]. CLASS-EVENTS:...
INTERFACES: ...
ENDINTERFACE.
Interfaces - Definition
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 46
CLASS ... DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.INTERFACES: ... ...
...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.INTERFACES: ... ...
...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ...~......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ...~......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Interfaces - Implementation
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 47
INTERFACE i1. ...
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS c1 DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA a1. INTERFACES i1.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c2 DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES i1. ENDCLASS.
DATA cnt_c TYPE REF TO c1. DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO i1,
cnt_2 LIKE cnt_1.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_c TYPE c1,cnt_1 TYPE c2.
MOVE cnt_c to cnt_2.
INTERFACE i1. ...
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS c1 DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA a1. INTERFACES i1.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c2 DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES i1. ENDCLASS.
DATA cnt_c TYPE REF TO c1. DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO i1,
cnt_2 LIKE cnt_1.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_c TYPE c1,cnt_1 TYPE c2.
MOVE cnt_c to cnt_2.
1<C2>
CNT_C
1<C1>CNT_1
CNT_2
Interface References
SAP Labs, Inc. SAP TechEd 2000 June 20–23, 2000 ABAP03.ppt/ 48
CLASS bicycle DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES status.METHODS drive.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA speed TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS bicycle DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES status.METHODS drive.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA speed TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
Interface for Object State - Implementation
CLASS counter DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES status.METHODS increment.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES status.METHODS increment.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS bicycle IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD status~write. WRITE: 'Speed of bicycle is',
speed. ENDMETHOD. METHOD drive.
speed = speed + 10. ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS bicycle IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD status~write. WRITE: 'Speed of bicycle is',
speed. ENDMETHOD. METHOD drive.
speed = speed + 10. ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
INTERFACE status. METHODS write.
ENDINTERFACE.
INTERFACE status. METHODS write.
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD status~write. WRITE: 'Count in counter is',
count. ENDMETHOD.METHOD increment.
count = count + 1. ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD status~write. WRITE: 'Count in counter is',
count. ENDMETHOD.METHOD increment.
count = count + 1. ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
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Interface for Object State - Use
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter, bike TYPE REF TO bicycle, status TYPE REF TO status.
CREATE OBJECT: count, bike.
DO 5 TIMES.CALL METHOD: count->increment,
bike->drive.ENDDO.
status = count.CALL METHOD status->write.
status = bike.CALL METHOD status->write.
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter, bike TYPE REF TO bicycle, status TYPE REF TO status.
CREATE OBJECT: count, bike.
DO 5 TIMES.CALL METHOD: count->increment,
bike->drive.ENDDO.
status = count.CALL METHOD status->write.
status = bike.CALL METHOD status->write.
Counter status
Bike speed
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Events
l Introduction
l Overview
l Declaring and triggering events
l Event handler methods
l Handling events
l Example: Overflow in counter
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2<HANDLER>
1<HANDLER>
1<TRIGGER>
Events - Introduction
l Events are components of classes
l Methods can raise the events of their class
l Handler methods can be triggered by events
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Event trigger
CLASS c1 DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
EVENTS e1 EXPORTING VALUE(p1)TYPE i.
METHODS m1.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA a1 TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c1 IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD m1.
a1 = ...RAISE EVENT e1
EXPORTING p1 = a1. ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS c2 DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS m2 FOR EVENT e1 OF c1IMPORTING p1.
PRIVATE SECTION. DATA a2 TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C2 IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD m2.
a2 = p1....
ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.
Event handler
Events - Overview
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CLASS ... DEFINITION.
... SECTION.
METHODS ...
EVENTS ... [EXPORTING VALUE(...) TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]].
CLASS-EVENTS ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION.
... SECTION.
METHODS ...
EVENTS ... [EXPORTING VALUE(...) TYPE ... [OPTIONAL]].
CLASS-EVENTS ...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......RAISE EVENT ... EXPORTING ... = ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......RAISE EVENT ... EXPORTING ... = ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Declaring and Triggering Events
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CLASS ... DEFINITION.
... SECTION.
METHODS ... FOR EVENT ... OF ... [IMPORTING ... SENDER ... ].
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... DEFINITION.
... SECTION.
METHODS ... FOR EVENT ... OF ... [IMPORTING ... SENDER ... ].
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS ... IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD ......
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Event Handler Methods
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PROGRAM ...
DATA: trigger TYPE REF TO trigger, handler_1 TYPE REF TO handler, handler_2 TYPE REF TO handler.
CREATE OBJECT: trigger, handler_1, handler_2.
SET HANDLER handler_1->handle_event handler_2->handle_event FOR trigger.
CALL METHOD trigger->raise_event.
PROGRAM ...
DATA: trigger TYPE REF TO trigger, handler_1 TYPE REF TO handler, handler_2 TYPE REF TO handler.
CREATE OBJECT: trigger, handler_1, handler_2.
SET HANDLER handler_1->handle_event handler_2->handle_event FOR trigger.
CALL METHOD trigger->raise_event.
Event Handling - Registration
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2<HANDLER>
TRIGGER HANDLER_2
HANDLER_1
Event
….
Method
1<TRIGGER>
1<HANDLER>Method
Handling Events - References
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Threshold in Counter - Trigger
CLASS counter DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS increment.EVENTS critical_value EXPORTING value(excess) TYPE i.
PRIVATE SECTION.DATA: count TYPE i,
threshold TYPE i VALUE 10.ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS increment.EVENTS critical_value EXPORTING value(excess) TYPE i.
PRIVATE SECTION.DATA: count TYPE i,
threshold TYPE i VALUE 10.ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD increment.
DATA diff TYPE i.count = count + 1.
IF count > threshold.diff = count - threshold.RAISE EVENT critical_value
EXPORTING excess = diff.ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD increment.
DATA diff TYPE i.count = count + 1.
IF count > threshold.diff = count - threshold.RAISE EVENT critical_value
EXPORTING excess = diff.ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
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Threshold in Counter - Handling
CLASS handler DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS handle_excess FOR EVENT critical_value OFcounter IMPORTING excess.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS handler DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS handle_excess FOR EVENT critical_value OFcounter IMPORTING excess.
ENDCLASS.
DATA: cnt TYPE REF TO counter,react TYPE REF TO handler.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt, react.
SET HANDLER react->handle_excess FOR ALL INSTANCES.
DO 20 TIMES.CALL METHOD cnt->increment.
ENDDO.
DATA: cnt TYPE REF TO counter,react TYPE REF TO handler.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt, react.
SET HANDLER react->handle_excess FOR ALL INSTANCES.
DO 20 TIMES.CALL METHOD cnt->increment.
ENDDO.
CLASS handler IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD handle_excess.
WRITE: / ’Excess is', excess.ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS handler IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD handle_excess.
WRITE: / ’Excess is', excess.ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
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Using Global Classes
l Class pools
l Class Browser and Class Builder
l Class Builder
l Example: Using CL_GUI_PICTURE
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TYPES …
CLASS …...
ENDCLASS.
INTERFACE …...
ENDINTERFACE.
TYPES …
CLASS …...
ENDCLASS.
INTERFACE …...
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS … DEFINITION PUBLIC....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS … DEFINITION PUBLIC....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS … IMPLEMENTATION....
ENDCLASS.
CLASS … IMPLEMENTATION....
ENDCLASS.
Visibility
CLASS-POOL ...
Class Pools
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Class Library and Class Browser
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Class Builder
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CLASS screen_handler DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.METHODS: handle_node_double_click
FOR EVENT node_double_clickOF cl_gui_simple_treeIMPORTING node_key.
PRIVATE SECTION.DATA: html_viewer TYPE REF TO cl_gui_html_viewer,...
CREATE OBJECT: html_viewer EXPORTING parent = container,...
SET HANDLER event_handler->handle_node_double_click FOR tree....
CLASS screen_handler DEFINITION.PUBLIC SECTION.METHODS: handle_node_double_click
FOR EVENT node_double_clickOF cl_gui_simple_treeIMPORTING node_key.
PRIVATE SECTION.DATA: html_viewer TYPE REF TO cl_gui_html_viewer,...
CREATE OBJECT: html_viewer EXPORTING parent = container,...
SET HANDLER event_handler->handle_node_double_click FOR tree....
CLASS screen_handler IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD handle_node_double_click....CALL METHOD html_viewer->show_url EXPORTING url = url.
...ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.
CLASS screen_handler IMPLEMENTATION.METHOD handle_node_double_click....CALL METHOD html_viewer->show_url EXPORTING url = url.
...ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.
Using Global Classes
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CL_GUI_PICTURE and CL_GUI_SIMPLE_TREE
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Mouse Click
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CL_GUI_HTML_VIEWER
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Further Information
l Keyword documentation
l Example Library
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KeywordDocumentation
ABAP Keyword Documentation
Further Information
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Further Information
Example Library
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Exercises
1. Defining classes
2. Creating objects
3. Deriving classes using inheritance
4. Using interfaces
5. Triggering and handling events
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Exercises - Scenario
Interface StatusWith methods fordisplaying attributes
Class "Truck" with its own maximum speed and attribute output
Class "Helicopter"Can handle eventsfrom ship
Class "Ship"with its own maximum speed and attribute output, a name, and an event
Class "Vehicle"with attribute for speed, and a method for changing it
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Exercise 1 - Classes
l Copy the template ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_0 into an own program.
l Define a local class VEHICLE in the designated area in front of the predefined class MAIN.
l Class VEHICLE should have the protected instance attributes SPEED and MAX_SPEED for its speed and maximum speed, and the public methods SPEED_UP, STOP, and WRITE.
l SPEED_UP should have an IMPORTING parameter STEP. The method should increase the speed by STEP, but not allow it to exceed the maximum speed.
l STOP should reset the speed to zero.
l WRITE should display a list line containing the speed and the maximum speed.
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Exercise 2 - Objects
l Continuing the program from exercise 1, create objects from the class VEHICLE.
l Program the respective coding in the predefined method START ofclass MAIN.
l Define a reference variable VEHICLE with type VEHICLE, and an internal table VEHICLE_TAB, whose line type is also a reference variable to this class.
l In a DO loop, create a number of instances of the class VEHICLE and insert them into the internal table.
l In a LOOP construction, call the methods SPEED_UP and WRITE once for each entry in the internal table. When you call SPEED_UP, pass the value SY-TABIX * 10 to the parameter STEP.
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Exercise 3 - Inheritance
l Change your program from exercise 2 to define classes TRUCK and SHIP as direct subclasses of VEHICLE.
l The class TRUCK should have an instance constructor and redefine the method WRITE.
l The class SHIP should have an IMPORTING parameter NAME, a new public attribute NAME, and should also redefine the method WRITE.
l The instance constructor of each class should change the maximum speed. The instance constructor of SHIP should set the attribute NAME to the actual parameter that you imported.
l The WRITE method should show the class from which the display comes. For SHIP, use the NAME attribute.
l Declare extra reference variables TRUCK and SHIP for the new classes.
l You can delete the code that creates objects for VEHICLE. Instead, create one instance of each of your new classes and place the corresponding reference into VEHICLE_TAB.
l Call the method SPEED_UP for both classes using the correct subclass reference, and WRITE using a superclass reference.
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Exercise 4 - Interfaces
l Change your program from exercise 3 so that the method WRITE is contained in an interface STATUS.
l The class VEHICLE should implement the interface instead of its own WRITE method. The name must be changed accordingly in each implementation (including the subclasses), but the function remains the same.
l Replace the reference variables VEHICLE and the table VEHICLE_TAB with the interface reference STATUS and internal table STATUS_TAB.
l Use these references to display the status of the objects.
l Create a new class HELICOPTER that also implements STATUS. Declare an alias WRITE in that class for the interface method.
l The interface method in HELICOPTER should display a different line from that displayed in VEHICLE.
l Declare a reference variable HELI for the class HELICOPTER, create acorresponding object, and insert the reference variable into the tableSTATUS_TAB.
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Exercise 5 - Events
l Change your program from exercise 4 to include an event DAMAGED for the class SHIP.
l Redefine the method SPEED_UP in the class SHIP.
l When the maximum speed is exceeded, SPEED_UP should set the maximum speed to zero and trigger the event DAMAGED.
l Add a new method RECEIVE to the class HELICOPTER to allow it to handle the event DAMAGED. Import the implicit parameter SENDER.
l RECEIVE should use the SENDER parameter to display the name of the ship that triggered the event.
l Register the handler method of the object to which HELI is pointing as a handler for objects from the class SHIP.
l Increase the speed of the object from the class SHIP until it exceeds the maximum speed and triggers the event.
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