Abap Erpcasestudy Susheel Thakur(2658)

8/14/2019 Abap Erpcasestudy Susheel Thakur(2658)

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01/27/10 Prepared By SUSHEEL THAKUR(2658) 1

ADVANCED BUSINESSADVANCED BUSINESS

APPLICATION PROGRAMMINGAPPLICATION PROGRAMMING

-An Introduction-An Introduction


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Objectives:Objectives:SAP Architecture- An Overview

ABAP Workbench Tools

ABAP Programming- AnOverview

Creating a sample Program


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What is SAP R/3 ?What is SAP R/3 ?SAP= System, Application & Products in data

processing(R/3 = Runtime System Three).

Name of company & software.

SAP is an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)system

Used to plan, organize, integrate and manage theirvarious operations like accounting, finance,

manufacturing and human resources.AIM: Improve efficiency and accuracy.


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SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)

Presentation Layer

(Windows based)

Application Layer

(Windows Server/UNIX)

Database Server

Database Layer

(Windows Server/UNIX)

M

SAP Instance

Oracle

Informix

DB2

MS SQL Server

MaxDB

G

Dispatcher

Request

Queue

D D B V S E

SAP Buffer(SharedMem)

SAP GUI SAP GUI


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SAP ARCHITECTURESAP ARCHITECTURE

Based on client/server architecture and usesa relational database to track allinformation.

Made up of small programs calledtransactions.

R/3 gathers related transactions togetherinto groups and call them modules.

Module- set of transactions that deal withthe same area of business functionality.


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ABAPABAPAAdvanced

BBusinessAApplication

PProgramming


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ABAP Contd..ABAP Contd..Fourth-generation programming language.

Allows variables to be defined, modulation ofprograms via subroutines and function calls,

access to the database via open SQL and someevent-oriented programming.

Used by SAP developers to build transactions thatmake up the R/3 application.

Used by companies to customize the R/3application i.e. providing additional businessfunctionality.


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Common Uses:Common Uses: Custom reports a program that reads specific data from

the database and then displays the data via thecomputer screen or printer.

Custom Transaction a program similar to SAP

transactions to fulfill some business function notprovided by SAP Dialog Programming.

Interface a program that moves data into SAP BDC,Call Transaction or reads data from SAP and writes itto a system file to be transferred to an externalcomputer system

e.g. a legacy mainframe DATA EXTRACT


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ABAP Development WorkbenchABAP Development Workbench

ToolsTools


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1.ABAP Editor1.ABAP Editor

A tool that you use to write ABAP programs, classmethods, function modules, screen flow logic,type groups and logical databases.

ABAP Editor can be accessed in two ways

1.Menu Path:

SAP Main Screen > Tools > ABAP Workbench> Development > ABAP Editor (Double Click) Or

2. Simply use transaction code SE38 to start ABAPEditor


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2.2. MENU PAINTER:MENU PAINTER:

A tool with which you design user interfacesfor your ABAP programs.

An instance of the user interface, consisting

of a menu bar, a standard toolbar, anapplication Toolbar, and a function keysetting, is called a GUI status. The GUI

status and GUI title defines how the userinterface will look and behave in anABAP program.


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3.3. SCREEN PAINTERSCREEN PAINTER

A ABAP Workbench tool that allows to create screens fortransactions.

SCREEN PAINTER MODES:

The Screen Painter has a layout editorthat you use to

design your screen layout. It works in two modes: -Graphical mode and

- Alphanumeric mode.

Both modes offer the same functions but use different

interfaces. In graphical mode, you use a drag and dropinterface similar to a drawing tool. In alphanumericmode, you use your keyboard and menus.


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To start the Screen Painter, choose the corresponding pushbutton on theTo start the Screen Painter, choose the corresponding pushbutton on the

initial screen of the ABAP Workbench or enter Transactioninitial screen of the ABAP Workbench or enter Transaction SE51SE51


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4.4. DATA DICTIONARYDATA DICTIONARY

Contains all definitions for Domains, Data Elements,Structures, Tables, Views, Search Helps, Lock Objects,Match code Objects, The Table Maintenance Generator,and the Table Description Generator.

With these objects in its repository, the ABAP Dictionary:

-Enforces data integrity

-Manages data definitions without redundancy

-Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4Development Workbench.


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The Three Levels of DictionaryThe Three Levels of Dictionary

TABLE Represent database tables, made upof one or more fields.DATA

ELEMENTEach field of a table or structure ,describes the meaning of the field.DOMAIN Specifies the technical properties of a

table field, Specifies the set ofallowed data values for that field andits output characteristics


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ABAP/4 SYNTAXABAP/4 SYNTAX

An ABAP/4 program consists of individual statements

Each statement must end with a period.

The first word of a statement is known as the key word.

Words are separated from each other by at least one blank.

Statements can be indented. Statements can extend over several lines.

You can concatenate several consecutive statements withan identical key word (e.g. WRITE: ).

Follow the key word with a colon.

Separate each concatenated part with a comma.

End the lines of the concatenated statements with a period.


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ABAP/4 SyntaxABAP/4 Syntax (cont.)(cont.)

You can insert comments into a program intwo ways:

1. An asterisk (*) in column 1 flags the

whole line as a comment.2. A quotation mark () within a line flags

the remainder of the line as a comment.


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Example:Example:* PROGRAM SAPMTEST * DATA tmp TYPE I.

WRITE Hello World. WRITE OK.

=

* PROGRAM SAPMTEST * DATA tmp TYPE I.

WRITE :Hello World,OK.

CHAINED STATEMENT

COMMENT

V ARIABLE DECLARATION


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ELEMENTARY DATA TYPESELEMENTARY DATA TYPES

Predefin

Type DescC Chara

Date


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DEFINING DATA TYPESDEFINING DATA TYPES


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TYPE ADDITION:TYPE ADDITION:

Syntax: TYPES ... [TYPE


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Structure TypesStructure Types

Syntax: TYPES: BEGIN OF , ..............

...,

..............

END OF .

Example: TYPES: BEGIN of address,

name TYPE surname,

code TYPE zip_code, town TYPE city,

str TYPE street,

END OF address.

fi i i i


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Defining Variable withDefining Variable with

DATA StatementDATA StatementSyntax:

DATA var[(length)] [Type type] [Decimals number].

Example: DATA: tmp(10) TYPE C,

tmp1 TYPE I,

tmp2(8) TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE 1.50.


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LiteralsLiterals

DATA tmp TYPE I.

WRITE Hello World.

WRITE 10.

MOVE 9 TO tmp.

Text Literal

Numeric Literal

Text Literal


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PROCESSING DATA:PROCESSING DATA:

Move StatementMove Statement

Syntax: MOVE TO .

Example: DATA: T(10) TYPE C, NUMBER TYPE P DECIMALS 2,

COUNT TYPE I.

T = 1111.

MOVE '5.75' TO NUMBER. COUNT = NUMBER.

Assigning Values BetweenAssigning Values Between


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Assigning Values BetweenAssigning Values BetweenComponents of StructuresComponents of Structures

MOVE-CORRESPONDING TO.Example: DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,

FIRSTNAME(20) VALUE 'Fred',

SURNAME(20) VALUE 'Flintstone', INITIALS(4) VALUE 'FF',

STREET(20) VALUE 'Cave Avenue,

NUMBER TYPE I VALUE '11'.

POSTCODE TYPE N VALUE '98765'.

CITY(20) VALUE 'Bedrock',

END OF ADDRESS.

DATA: BEGIN OF NAME, SURNAME(20),

FIRSTNAME(20),

INITIALS(4),

TITLE(10) VALUE 'Mister',

END OF NAME.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING ADDRESS TO NAME.


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Assigning Values with WRITEAssigning Values with WRITE

TO StatementTO Statement Converts the contents of the source field into a field with type C.

Syntax: WRITE TO [].

Example:

DATA: NUMBER TYPE F VALUE '4.3', TEXT(10),

FLOAT TYPE F,

PACK TYPE P DECIMALS 1.

WRITE NUMBER.

WRITE / TEXT. WRITE NUMBER TO FLOAT.

WRITE / FLOAT.

WRITE NUMBER TO PACK.


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Numerical OperationsNumerical Operations

To assign the result of a mathematical calculation to avariable, use the COMPUTE statement or theassignment operator (=).

Syntax:COMPUTE = . COMPUTE is optional

Example: DATA: COUNTER TYPE I.

COMPUTE COUNTER = COUNTER + 1. COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.

ADD 1 TO COUNTER.


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Arithmetic CalculationsArithmetic Calculations


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Mathematical FunctionsMathematical Functions

Syntax: [COMPUTE] = ( ).

Example: DATA N TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA M TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE '-5.55'.

WRITE: 'ABS: ', N.

N = SIGN( M ). WRITE: / 'SIGN: ', N.

N = CEIL( M ). WRITE: / 'CEIL: ', N


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Processing Character StringsProcessing Character Strings

Shifting a String by a Given Number ofPositions

SHIFT [BY PLACES]

[].Example:

DATA: T(10) VALUE 'abcdefghij',

STRING LIKE T.

STRING = T.

WRITE STRING.

SHIFT STRING.

WRITE / STRING.

Output:abcdefghij bcdefghij


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Converting to Upper or Lower Case TRANSLATE TO UPPER CASE.

TRANSLATE TO LOWER CASE.

Replacing Field Contents To replace a string in a field with a different string, use the

REPLACE statement. REPLACE WITH INTO

Finding Character Strings To search a character field for a particular pattern, use the

SEARCH statement as follows:

SEARCH FOR


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Finding the Length of a Character String

[COMPUTE] = STRLEN( ).

Concatenating Character Strings

CONCATENATE ... INTO [SEPARATEDBY ].

Example: DATA: INT TYPE I,

WORD1(20) VALUE '12345'.

INT = STRLEN( WORD1 ).

WRITE INT.


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Controlling the Program FlowControlling the Program Flow

Branching Conditionally

-The IF Control Structure

Syntax: IF .

ELSEIF

.

ELSEIF .

.....

ELSE.

ENDIF.


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Example:Example: DATA: TEXT1(30) VALUE 'This is the first text', TEXT2(30) VALUE 'This is the second text', TEXT3(30) VALUE 'This is the third text', STRING(5) VALUE 'eco'. IF TEXT1 CS STRING. WRITE / 'Condition 1 is fulfilled'.

ELSEIF TEXT2 CS STRING. WRITE / 'Condition 2 is fulfilled'. ELSEIF TEXT3 CS STRING. WRITE / 'Condition 3 is fulfilled'. ELSE. WRITE / 'No condition is fulfilled'. ENDIF.

OUTPUT: Condition 2 is fulfilled. Here, the second logical expression TEXT2 CS STRING is true because the string

"eco" occurs in TEXT2.


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The CASE Control StructureThe CASE Control Structure

Syntax: CASE .

WHEN [OR OR ...].

WHEN .[OR OR ...]

WHEN [OR OR ...].

WHEN ...

...... WHEN OTHERS.

ENDCASE.


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LoopsLoops Unconditional Loops

DO [ TIMES] [VARYING FROM NEXT].

ENDDO.

Conditional Loops

WHILE [VARY FROM NEXT].

ENDWHILE. can be any logical expression .


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Example:Example: DATA: LENGTH TYPE I VALUE 0,

STRL TYPE I VALUE 0,

STRING(30) TYPE C VALUE 'Test String'.

STRL = STRLEN( STRING ).

WHILE STRING NE SPACE.

WRITE STRING(1). LENGTH = SY-INDEX.

SHIFT STRING.

ENDWHILE.

WRITE: / 'STRLEN: ', STRL.

WRITE: / 'Length of string:', LENGTH. The output appears as follows:

T e s t S t r i n g

STRLEN: 11

Length of String: 11


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Internal tablesInternal tables

Provide a means of taking data from a fixedstructure and storing it in working

memory in ABAP.

Data is stored line by line in memory.

CREATING INTERNAL TYPES TYPES TYPE|LIKE OF [WITH ]

[INITIAL SIZE ].


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We can specify the table type as follows:We can specify the table type as follows:


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Sorting Internal Tables

SORT [ASCENDING|DESCENDING] [AS TEXT][STABLE].

Determining the Attributes of Internal Tables

DESCRIBE TABLE [LINES ]

[OCCURS ] [KIND ].

Inserting a Single Line

INSERT INTO TABLE .

is either a work area that is compatible withthe line type

Inserting Several Lines


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Inserting Several LinesINSERT LINES OF [FROM ] [TO ] INTO TABLE .

and are tables with a compatible line type.

EXAMPLE: DATA: BEGIN OF LINE, LAND(3) TYPE C,

NAME(10) TYPE C,

AGE TYPE I,

WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,

END OF LINE.

DATA ITAB LIKE SORTED TABLE OF LINE WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY LAND NAME AGE WEIGHT.

LINE-LAND = 'G'. LINE-NAME = 'Hans'.

LINE-AGE = 20. LINE-WEIGHT = '80.00'.

INSERT LINE INTO TABLE ITAB.

LINE-LAND = 'USA'. LINE-NAME = 'Nancy'.

LINE-AGE = 35. LINE-WEIGHT = '45.00'.

INSERT LINE INTO TABLE ITAB. LOOP AT ITAB INTO LINE.

WRITE: / LINE-LAND, LINE-NAME, LINE-AGE, LINE-WEIGHT.

ENDLOOP.

The output is: F Michele 30 60.00


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Reading Lines of Tables

READ TABLE .

Deleting a Line Using the Table Key

DELETE TABLE FROM .

or

DELETE TABLE WITH TABLEKEY = ... = .

Appending a Single Line

APPEND TO .


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Open SQLOpen SQL Consists of a set of ABAP statements

that perform operations on the

central database in the R/3 Systemprovides a uniform syntax and

semantics for all of the database

systems supported by SAP.


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Reading Data

The Open SQL statement for reading data from database

tables is:

SELECT

INTO FROM

[WHERE ]

[GROUP BY ]

[HAVING ] [ORDER BY ].


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Inserting Lines into Tables INSERT INTO .

It allows you to insert one or more lines into thedatabase table .

Specifying a Database Table

To specify the database table statically, enter thefollowing for :

UPDATE [CLIENT SPECIFIED].

where is the name of a database tabledefined in the ABAP Dictionary.


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Committing Database ChangesCommitting Database Changes

Open SQL contains the statements

COMMIT WORK.

and

ROLLBACK WORK.

for confirming or undoing databaseupdates.


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HOW TO CREATE AHOW TO CREATE A

ABAP PROGRAMABAP PROGRAMTransaction Code :

SE80


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STEPS:STEPS:

1. Start the object navigator by typing se80 inthe command field from the SAP Mainscreen.

2. Select Programs in the first input field.3. Type in the desired name of the new

program, e.g. ZKKPROG1 in the second

input field. Click on display button.


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click on YES another dialog box pops open querying aboutclick on YES another dialog box pops open querying about


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click on YES another dialog box pops open querying aboutclick on YES another dialog box pops open querying about

the program structure either as an individual file or athe program structure either as an individual file or a

framework program for includes.framework program for includes.

For now deselect the With TOP INCL flag.Click on Enter to continue

If you are creating an ABAP program first time, another dialog window will popIf you are creating an ABAP program first time, another dialog window will pop

ti t t th A K thi b dd d D l E tti t t th A K thi b dd d D l E t


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open requesting you to enter the Access Key so this user can be added as a Developer. Enteropen requesting you to enter the Access Key so this user can be added as a Developer. Enter

your 20 Character access key here and click on continue.your 20 Character access key here and click on continue.

A new template pops up where you will define the important attributes ofA new template pops up where you will define the important attributes of

th li ti Titl P T A li tithe ne application Title Program T pe Application:


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the new application- Title, Program Type, Application:the new application- Title, Program Type, Application:

When you save a new object for the first time, the system displays a correctionWhen you save a new object for the first time, the system displays a correction

d t t di l b H th D l t Cl fi ld d t band transport dialog box Here the Development Class field needs to be


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and transport dialog box. Here the Development Class field needs to beand transport dialog box. Here the Development Class field needs to be

maintained. For now click the local object pushbutton.maintained. For now click the local object pushbutton.

You will be returned to the opening screen of the objectYou will be returned to the opening screen of the object


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You will be returned to the opening screen of the objectYou will be returned to the opening screen of the object

navigator. Go to the course code screen by double clicking onnavigator. Go to the course code screen by double clicking on

the object namethe object name


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THE ABAP EDITORTHE ABAP EDITOR

Place cursor after the period at the end of first sentence andPlace cursor after the period at the end of first sentence andpress enter to get you to the next line Type WRITE Hellopress enter to get you to the next line Type WRITE Hello


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press enter to get you to the next line. Type WRITE Hellopress enter to get you to the next line. Type WRITE Hello

World!.World!.

Activate the program by going to Programs >Activate the program by going to Programs >


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p g y g g gActivateActivate

Press F8 to test the programPress F8 to test the program


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Press F8 to test the programPress F8 to test the program

A list is produced. To go back to the editor from theA list is produced. To go back to the editor from the


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p gp g

report output window, click on the back arrow or F3report output window, click on the back arrow or F3

function key.function key.


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Abap Erpcasestudy Susheel Thakur(2658)

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