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UNIQUENESS OF ABANO –MONTEGROTTO –BATTAGLIA MUD BATHS

UNIQUENESS OF ABANO –MONTEGROTTO –BATTAGLIA MUD BATHS

THERMAL BATHSof Abano-Montegrotto-Battaglia

CLAY PROCESSINGCLAY PROCESSING

Mud is incubated for two months within thermal water continuously flowing at 85-87° of temperature. During this stage, mud is abundantly colonized by cyanobacteria and micro-algas, conferring important chemical, physical and therapeutic properties.

Maturation processMaturation process

In the mud there are substances endowed with high anti-inf lammatory activity; these substances are synthesized by micro-organisms colonizing mud during the maturation process.

CHANGES IN PHYSICAL,CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL

COMPOSITION OFCLAY TURNING

INTO MATURE MUD

Making of clay from the two thermal lakes’ depths (Arquà Petrarca and Lispida)

Clay immission in tanks within watering places

Drying process

Flooding withthermal waters

Maturation

Application

Regeneration

Increase of rehydration volume

Increase of thermal insulation capacity

Increase of lipidic content

Appearance of diatoms and cyanophyceas producing therapeutic principles

Changes in viscosity and plasticity (vector action of mature mud on active principles transdermic passage)

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)


BACTERIAL COLONIZATIONBACTERIAL COLONIZATION

Among the main micro-organisms colonizing mud there are some cyanobacteria; the most numerous group belongs to PHORMIDIUM genus.

During maturation process clay is gradually colonized by several micro-algas (Diatoms and Cyanophyceas) belonging to Abano-Montegrotto-Battaglia Thermal Basin ecosystem.

Mud properties

Importance of ecosystemImportance of ecosystem

MICRO-ALGAS DISTRIBUTIONIN MUD BATHS

MICRO-ALGAS DISTRIBUTIONIN MUD BATHS

MUD MATURATION PROCESSMUD MATURATION PROCESS

01

5

10

15

20 mm

30

A viscous aggregatemade of Cyanophyceas and Diatoms, named Bioglees, grows upon mud surface

At a depth of few millimetres Cyanophyceas decrease until they disappear, while only Diatoms are still present in depth.

(6, 7)

In the mud there are substances endowed with high anti-inf lammatory activity; these substances are synthesized by micro-organisms colonizing mud during the maturation process.


Exclusive characteristics of mud bathsExclusive characteristics of mud baths

Anti-inflammatory active principles in mud baths

One of the most abundant cyanobacteria colonizing Euganean mud baths belongs to PHORMIDIUM genus; ETS-05 stock has been isolated for the first time in Abano – Montegrotto – Battaglia mud baths. ETS-05 produces glycolipidic substances with high anti-inflammatory activity and no kind of side effects, even after several treatments.

PRESENCE OF ETS-05 CYANOBACTERIUMPRESENCE OF ETS-05 CYANOBACTERIUM

Peculiar environmental conditions of Abano – Montegrotto – Battaglia Thermal Basin foster this cyanobacterium’s growth. Many trials showed how these micro-organisms necessarily need Abano – Montegrotto – Battaglia environmental characteristics to accomplish their development.

UNIQUENESS OF PECULIARENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

UNIQUENESS OF PECULIARENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The particular Euganean mud baths maturation process achieves a mature mud enriched in ETS-05 cyanobacterium and then provided with high anti-inflammatory activity.

MUD MATURATION PROCESSMUD MATURATION PROCESS

RRRIERIUERRRIIUUEERIU

(8, 9, 10)


teThe patent (11)

Therapeutic efficiency of glycolipids produced by cyanobacteriaTherapeutic efficiency of glycolipids produced by cyanobacteria

CST01 anti-inflammatory effect (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) on model in leg acute oedema induced by carrageen. Indomethacin 10 mg/kg has been used as reference drug. Data are expressed as mean change in leg volume compared to a basal value.

CST01 anti-inflammatory effect (1%, 2%) on ear oedema model induced by croton oil. Betamethasone-17, 21-dipropionate (BETA) 0.05% has been used as reference drug. Data are expressed as mean change in ear thickness (mm) compared to a basal value.

0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0

Dur

chsc

hnitt

liche

Änd

erun

g de

s P

fote

nvol

umen

s (m

m)

1 2

*

*

** *

* ** *

**

**

3 4 5Zeit (h)

6 9 24 48

Kontrolle

Indometacin 10 mg/kg

CST01 10 mg/kg* p<0,05 Dunnett-Test** p<0.01 t-testCST01 20 mg/kg

HIGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITYOF MONOGALACTOSYLDIGLYCERIDESHIGH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITYOF MONOGALACTOSYLDIGLYCERIDES

Kontrolle

Betamethason 0,05%

CST01 1%* p<0,05 Dunnett-Test** p<0.01 t-testCST01 2%

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

Dur

chsc

hnitt

liche

Änd

erun

g de

r Ohr

dick

e (m

m)

Zeit (h)24 48 72

* * *

**

**

****

(12)

Anti-inflammatory active principles in mud baths


Mud baths treatment reduces inflammatory and degenerative damages to cartilage

Therapeutic effects of mud baths (osteoarthrosis)Therapeutic effects of mud baths (osteoarthrosis) (13, 14, 15, 16, 17)


Changes in transferrin and ceruloplasmin serum levels (antioxidant substances) after 12 mud baths applications in patients with arthrosis.

300

200

100

30

20

10

0

Vorher

217,7

294,6

Nach der Fangotherapie

27,331,5

Reduction in interleukin – 1 serum levels after 6-12 mud baths applications in patients with arthrosis.

Nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and glutathione-peroxidase

serum levels before and after mud baths and therapeutic

baths treatments..

Anstieg von Transferrin und Coeruloplasmin im Serum

Reduzierung von Interleukin-1

76543210

IL-1

se

rum

niv

ea

u p

g/m

l

mg

/dl

Vorher

6,67

Nachher

0,5

Vorher

7,9

Nachher

0,20

6 Fangopackungen 12 Fangopackungen

Transferrin Coeruloplasmin

PROTECTIVE ACTIONEXERTED ON CELLULAR METABOLISM




INCREASE IN ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCESINCREASE IN ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES

REDUCTION IN INTERLEUKIN – 1 SERUM LEVELSREDUCTION IN INTERLEUKIN – 1 SERUM LEVELS

Lachgas Glutathion-PeroxidaseMyeloperoxidase

* p>0.05 ** p<0.05160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0Ser

umni

veau

[(m

M/m

l) - (

ng/m

l)]

*

*

*

*

****

Vorher Nachher Vorher Nachher Vorher Nachher

Efficiency of mud baths treatment

Therapeutic effects of mud baths (osteoporosis)Therapeutic effects of mud baths (osteoporosis) (18, 19, 20, 21, 22)

Mud baths treatment reduces inflammatory and degenerative damages to cartilage


IL-1, TNF and IGF 1 serum levels before and after mud baths and therapeutic baths treatments.

IL-1 IGF 1TNFα* p< 0.05120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Ser

umni

veau

(pg/

ml)

* *

*

*

*

*

Vorher Nachher Vorher Nachher Vorher Nachher

Trial findings show that mud baths treatment is as able as FANS therapy to reduce PGE2 serum levels, without any side effects on gastroenteric system.

PGE2 and LTB4 mean serum levels before and after 12 days of mud baths treatment. Interleukin – 1

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Vorher

6,67

Nachher

0,5

Vorher

7,9

Nachher

0,20

LTB4 (µg/ml) PGE2 (µg/ml)

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTSON GASTROENTERIC SYSTEMABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTSON GASTROENTERIC SYSTEM

ACTION ON CARTILAGEREPAIR MARKERS

ACTION ON CARTILAGEREPAIR MARKERS

levels reduction.

IndicationsIndications

Osteoarthrosis and other degenerative diseasesOsteoporosis

Extra-articular rheumatisms

RECOMMENDEDTREATMENT COURSE:

RECOMMENDEDTREATMENT COURSE:

Mud bath-balneotherapy12 MUD BATHS + 12 THERAPEUTIC BATHS

or12 THERAPEUTIC BATHS


Curable diseases through thermal treatmentsCurable diseases through thermal treatments

RECOMMENDED TREATMENT COURSE:RECOMMENDED TREATMENT COURSE:

12 MUD BATHS+ 12 THERAPEUTIC BATHS

or12 THERAPEUTIC BATHS

OSTEOARTHROSIS - OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASESOSTEOARTHROSIS - OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Osteoarthrosis

– Diffused arthrosis

– Cervicoarthrosis

– Lumboarthrosis

– Limb arthrosis

– Discopathy without herniation and without

symptoms of irritation or nerve compression

– Slipped disc surgery outcome

– Rheumatic cervical diseases

– Scapolo-humeral periarthritis (except for

acute forms)

– Rheumatoid arthritis in quiescency stage

– Articular rheumatism outcome

– Periarthritis

– Ankylopoietic spondylitis

– Spondyloarthrosis

– Spondyloarthrosis e spondylolisthesis

Osteoporose


Curable diseases through thermal treatmentsCurable diseases through thermal treatments

RECOMMENDED TREATMENT COURSE: RECOMMENDED TREATMENT COURSE:

Mud bath-balneotherapy12 MUD BATHS

+ 12 THERAPEUTIC BATHSor

12 THERAPEUTIC BATHS

EXTRA-ARTICULAR RHEUMATISMSEXTRA-ARTICULAR RHEUMATISMS

Extra-articular rheumatisms– Inflammatory rheumatisms

(in quiescency stage)

– Rheumatism-originated fibrosis

– Rheumatism-originated tendinitis

– Rheumatism-originated lumbago

– Fibrositis

– Fibromyositis


Mud applicationinstructions and methods

Application MethodApplication Method

Mud baths are gradually applied on the whole skin, at a temperature of 38-42°C, with the exception of anterior chest area, head and external genitals. Mud baths treatment takes from 15 to 20 minutes for general baths, 30 minutes for the partial ones. At the end of mud bath the patient is taken away from bath, washed in a hot shower and plunged into the Thermal Bath at a temperature of 37°C for 8 – 10 minutes. After the bath the patient, dried with hot clothes, goes to his room and stays in bed, well wrapped up, for 30 – 60 minutes for his Sudoral Reaction.

HOW TO APPLY MUD BATHS HOW TO APPLY MUD BATHS

108 hotels/thermal spas,all operating within the Italian National Health Service (S.S.N.), accredited with the highest standard of care (Level: 1st Super), and possessing an internal thermal division with Health Director

WHEREWHERE


BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

Consorzio Terme EuganeeLargo Marconi, 8, 35031 Abano Terme Padova

Tel. 0039.049.8666.609 - Fax 0039.049.8666.613www.abanomontegrotto.it • E-Mail: consorzio�abanomontegrotto.it

Kostenlose Nummer

0800-1825119

www.studitermali.org E-Mail:terme�studitermali.org


1)Galzigna L, Lalli A, Moretto C, Bettero A. “Maturation of thermal mud controlled condi-tions and identification of an antiinflammatory fraction” Phys Rehab Kur Med 5 (1995)196-199.

2)Galzigna L, Moretto C, Lalli A. “Physical and biochemical changes of thermal mud aftermaturation” Biomed & Pharmacother 1996; 50.

3)Galzigna L, Ceschi-Berrini C, Moschin E, Tolomio C. “Thermal mud-pack as an anti-infiammatory treatment” Biomed & Pharmacother 1998; 52: 408-409.

4)Bellometti S, Galzigna L. “La maturation de la boue thermale et sa mesure-Première par-tie” Presse thermale et climatique 1999; 136 n°1, 23-26.

5)Bellometti S, Galzigna L, Bettero A. “La maturation de la boue thermale et sa mesure -Deuxième partie” Presse thermale et climatique 1999; 136 n°1, 27-30.

6)Tolomio C, De Appolonia F, Moro I, Ceschi Berrini C. “Thermophilic microalgae growth ondifferent substrates and at different temperatures in experimental tanks in Abano Terme(Italy)” Algological Studies 2004; 111, 145-157.

7)Tolomio C, Ceschi-Berrini C, De Apollonia F, Galzigna L, Masiero L, Moro I, Moschin E.“Diatoms in the thermal mud of Abano Terme, Italy – Maturation Period”. AlgologicalStudies 2002; 105, 11-27.

8)Tolomio C, Ceschi-Berrini C, Moschin E, Galzigna L. “Colonization by diatoms andantirheumatic activity of thermal mud” Cell Biochemistry and function 1999; 17, 29-33.

9) Marcolongo G, De Appolonia F, Venzo A, Berrie C. P, Carofiglio T, Ceschi Berrini C.“Diacylglycerolipids isolated from a thermophile cyanobacterium from Euganean hotspring” Natural Product Research – in press.

10) Ceschi Berrini C, De Appolonia F, Dalla Valle L, Komarek J, Andreoli C.“Morphological and molecular characterization of a thermophilic cyanobacterium(Oscillatoriales) from the Euganean Thermal Springs (Padua, Italy)”. AlgologicalStudies 2004; 113, 73-85.

11) European Patent Pending n° 05100038.8 – Priority IT/09.01.04/ITA MI 20040011 Title“Anti-inflammatory active principles in Euganean thermal MUD” Inventor: Lalli A,Andreoli C, Ceschi Berrini C, De Appolonia F, Marcolongo G. Date 05.01.05.

12) Bruno A, Rossi C, Marcolongo G, Di Lena A, Venzo A, Berrei C. P, Corda D. “Selectivein vivo anti-inflammatory action of the cyanobacterium galactolipid, monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG)”. European Journal of Pharmacology - in press.

13) Bellometti S, Cecchettin M, Lalli A, Galzigna L. Serum Interleukin-1 Changes in arthrosispatients after mud pack treatment. Phys Rehab Kur Med 1995; 5 : 92-93.

14) Bellometti S, Cecchettin M, Lalli A, Galzigna L. “Mud pack treatment increases serumantioxidant defenses in osteoarthrosic patients”. Biomed and Pharmacother 1996;50:37.

15) Bellometti S, Cecchettin M, Galzigna L. “Mud pack therapy in osteoarthrosis. Changes inserum levels of chondrocyte markers”. Clinica Chimica Acta 1997; 268: 101-106.

16) Bellometti S, Galzigna L. “Serum levels of a Prostaglandin and a Leukotriene after ther-mal mud pack therapy”. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 1998. 46(4): 140-145.

17) Bellometti S, Giannini S, Sartori L, Crepaldi G. “Cytokine levels in osteoarthrosis patientsundergoing mud bath therapy”. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. XVII (4) 149-153 (1997).

18) Bellometti S, Poletto M, Gregotti C, Richelmi P, Bertè F. “Mud Bath Therapy influencesnitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and glutathione peroxidase serum levels in arthriticpatients”. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. XX (3/4) 69-80 (2000).

19) Bellometti S, Galzigna L, Richelmi P, Gregotti C, Bertè F. “Both serum receptors of tumornecrosis factor are influenced by mud pack treatment in osteoarthrotic patients”. Int. J.Tissue Reaction. XXIV (2), 57-64, 2002.

20) Bellometti S, Bertè F, Richelmi P, Tassoni T, Galzigna L. “Bone remodelling in osteoarth-rosic subjects undergoing a physical exercise program” Clinica Chimica Acta 2002 ;325, 97-104.

21) Bellometti S, Bauer U, Galzigna L, Agishi Y. “Anti-inflammatory treatments and serumselectin levels in osteoarthritis”. The Journal of Japanese Association of PhysicalMedicine, Balneology and Climatology Vol. 66, n° 4, Aug. 2003.

22) Bellometti S, Richelmi P, Tassoni T, Bertè F. “Production of matrix metalloproteinases andtheir inhibitors in osteoarthritic patients undergoing mud bath therapy”. (2005).

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