Abab Ink jet in the PCB industry An introduction.
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Transcript of Abab Ink jet in the PCB industry An introduction.
ab
Ink jet
in the PCB industry
An introduction
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: definition
Inkjet:
generation of images by propelling droplets of
a functional material onto a substrate
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: thermal propelling
An ink is pumped in the pressure chamberAn electrical heater generates steamThe increased pressure jets a droplet from the chamber onto
the substrate
Cheap, slow, difficult to control well, need of aqueous inksUsed in consumer printers
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: piezo-electical propelling
A piezoelectric crystal generates a shock wave in an ink chamber, jetting a droplet out of the chamber onto the substrate
Ink is to be cured by UV light (UV inks) or by cooling down (phase shift inks)
More expensive, fast, good control, wide variety of inks
Used in commercial and industrial printers
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: continous propelling
A high pressure pump generates a constant flow of charged ink droplets. The droplets can be deflected from the substrate by a electrical field
Matured technology, long traveling distance, no nozzle clogging
Used in industrial printers (marking).
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: functional material
1 Aqueous inks:Water, glycol and dye or pigment
Dye: cheap, colors fadePigment: long term, UV resistant
Cheap, receiving layer needed on substrate
2 Solvent inks (hard and mild or eco)Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pigmentsCan print on vinyl
3 UV inksAcrylic monomers and initiatorAfter printing ink is cured by UV-light (pinning the droplet)Can be applied on uncoated substrates, very robust imageExpensive, require expensive curing moduleImage may crack
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: substrate
The right propelling technology with the right functional material can print on:• Paper• Paper (with micro porous layer)• Wall paper• Coated paper• Card board• Textile (canvas, T-shirts)• Stone and tiles• Packaging materials• Plastics (vinyl)• Aluminum (cans, blisters)• Copper (PCB)• ………
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: Heads: Good to know
Nozzle:• Pipe, channel that directs an ink droplet• Also called: droplet generation unit, propelling unit, orifice
Resolution• Figure indicating the number of nozzles per inch• Typical: 360, 720, 1440 DPI
Drop size• Figure indicating the content of one droplet expressed in pL (pico
liter)• 1 liter = 1 000 000 000 000 (1012) pL• 1 000 000 pl weights 1 mg, • Typical: 80, 40, 14, 4, 1 pL
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: Heads: Good to know
Dots per droplet• One droplet can be formed by several dots (shots)• These dots conglomerate during flight to form one
droplet• Typical: 1 to 8
ManufacturesBrother, Cannon, Dimatix (ex Spectra) (part of
Fujifilm), Epson, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Ricoh, Toshiba-Tech, Xaar
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: UV Inks: Good to know
Dynamic viscosity (jetability):• Resistance of a fluid to be deformed• Also "thickness“
- water is "thin“, low viscosity- honey is "thick", high viscosity.
• The study of viscosity is known as rheology• Expressed in Pas (Pascal sec) / mPas or cPoise• Typical: 5 – 15 mPas
Static surface tension (line sharpness)• Measurement of the capacity of a liquid to form a ball
when in contact with another surface• Expressed in N/m (Newton per meter) / mN/m• Typical: 20-25 mPas
The Dynamic viscosity is varying with changing temperature
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: UV Inks: Good to know
Specific weight• Weight per volume unit• Expressed in kg/m3 / g/cm3
• Typical: 1 – 1,25 g/cm3
Average particel size:• Size of the particles in the ink• Expressed in m / nm• Typical: 250 – 500 nm
Latency:• Time a nozzle can be idle without getting clogged
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: UV Inks: Good to know
Adhesion
Scratch resistance
Shelf life
Color and color fading• Dyes - pigments
Price (per liter, per cassette)
….
Manufactures:HP,Sun Chemicals, Cabot, Avecia, Agfa, Sericol,Taiyo,
…..
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: Printers: Good to know
Print quality Resolution Repeatability Speed Foot print Flat bed / drum Price (purchase, operation, maintenance, … ) ….Manufactures:
Agfa, Canon, First EIE, Epson, HP Kodak, Lexmark, Microcraft, Orbotech, Ricoh, Xerox, ….
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: Wave form
Piezoelectric.avi
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet: Cleaning mechanisms
The primary cause of problems:
when ink sedimentates, hardens or particles size grows in the print head's nozzles they get blocked (clogging)
Solutions:
Covering the print head nozzles with a rubber cap
Suction pump
A mechanism to reapply moisture to the print head.
Frequent spraying and wipe print head
The frequent cleaning can consume quite a bit of ink
and has an impact on the cost
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Traditional Workflow
PatterningResist (IL & OL)
Solder mask
Legend print
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Workflow Inner Layer
Traditional
InkJetProvisional
InkJetFinal
LDI & PI
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Workflow Outer Layer
Traditional
InkJet Provisional
InkJet Final
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Workflow Solder Mask
Traditional
InkJet Provisional
InkJet Final
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Workflow Legend
Design
Plotter film
Dev & fix film
Produce Screen
Screen print
Clean screen
Design
Traditional
InkJet Final
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Long term
Inkjet:
conductors, insulators, solder mask, legend ink,
hole filler, conformal coatings,
optical conductor, surface finishing, solder paste,
…..
reel to reel
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
And
ab
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Agfa holds good cards
Agfa Materials:• Market leader AgX phototooling
- Good in-road in the PCB industry
- WW sales & application organization
- WW logistical organization
Agfa Graphics• Strong in Ink Jet technology and inks
Agfa Materials Technology Center:• Top lab that creates functional fluids
Agfa Material Operations• World class functional fluid production facilities
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Printer Coatings
Test platforms(multi color)
INKS
Your application
and printing system
Jetting lab(single color)
Agfa Materials Technology Centre Functional fluid development
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Agfa Materials Technology Centre Functional fluid development
Jetting performanceJetting reliabilityLatency
Shelf life
Physical Properties- adhesion- flexibility- scratch resistance- tackiness- ……
Pigment dispersion
Photo initiationAcrylates
Wetting agent
Image qualityCure speedImage permanence
Compatible with: - printer components - production facility - packaging - safety & environment regulations - patent situation
…..Raw material costManufacturability
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Agfa Materials Technology Centre
Functional fluid development
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Agfa Materials Operations
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Agfa Materials Operations
Eric Janssens May 2013
Agfa
Mate
rials
: fo
r th
e P
CB
Indust
ry
ab
Inkjet & the PCB industry
Inkjet technology reached a level
it is applicable
in the production of PCB’s
a competitive way with good yields
ab is dedicated to transform
from #1 in phototooling
to # 1 in patterning