AAPA Air Quality Seminar...If not this, what? If not now, when? MTO’s open port wide during 5...
Transcript of AAPA Air Quality Seminar...If not this, what? If not now, when? MTO’s open port wide during 5...
AAPA Air Quality Seminar
April 29,2005Tay Yoshitani
Senior Advisor, NAWE
Our MTO PerspectiveCommunity Concerns
TrafficAir QualityEconomic Impact
Effort Underway Terminal Technology InvestmentsPierPass Air Quality Initiatives PMSA
Challenges & RisksOpportunitiesQuestions
Agenda
Momentum of California PortsLarger vessels/express serviceFrequency of serviceScale of distribution centersCompetitive east bound ratesCapacity for growth
Importance to Local Economy
JobsBusiness RevenueTax RevenueLocal Business’ Portal to Global Economy
Port Economic DevelopmentVs Community Concerns
Antipathy toward PortsCommuters competing with Trucks
20 yrs vehicles 72-80%; road miles 1-4%
Air Quality NIMBY Toward Infrastructure
Challenges to Socal Cargo FlowTerminal Space
Rail Capacity
Freeway Capacity
Security Processes
Environmental Impacts
Legislative Initiatives
Labor Supply
Trucker Supply
Causes of CongestionYTD Volume Up >10%, not 5% as projectedProductivity down 9%, not up 10% with tech
Rail delays & equipment shortagesincreased dwell time and labor needed in yards
PMA ResponsesAllocation of labor Added 2,000 longshoreAdded 3,000 casuals
300,000 lottery entriesProcess took 120 days
Better Labor Supply & Demand Forecasting
Lessons LearnedSmall changes can have huge impactsPhysical Capacity
Velocity
Reliability
Flexibility
Effort Underway:Terminals
Process Upgrades Equipment UpgradesPermitting AgreementsPierPassLess “Free Time”
TruckingAppointment Systems & CoordinationFleet Replacement Chassis OwnershipTriangulation of Trips
VesselsLarger VesselsSpeed Reduction ProgramLimited Cold IroningUse of Higher Quality FuelsSelective Catalytic Conversion Technology
Terminal Process ImprovementVelocity of Trucks in TerminalsImproving 9 steps=less congestion, idling, emissions1. Broadcast of availability/status information2. Automated yard planning3. Appointment systems4. In gate security process5. Container data capture in gate6. Instruct trucker at in gate7. Deliver/Receive equipment in yard8. Roadability Check9. Outgate Security Process
Streamlining Security Processes
Streamlining Gate ProcessesIn Gate Trucker Interface
OCR Capture of Data
RFID Tracking of Truckers
Improved license read accuracy Identity & Purpose at In-GateReal Time CheckImproving Interface in Yard
Terminal Equipment upgradesDiesel Emission Reduction
Replacement of equipmentCatalytic convertersCrankcase filtersID Tags
Trucking during non-commute hours
Private Sector Proactive Collaboration
Establishing port standardsOvercome competitive pressure to do less
Better use/development of shared assetsRegional infrastructure
Risk/cost sharing by commercial meansEfficient non-legislative approach
Enabling Off Peak Ops
Simple and not very new idea: open terminals when traffic is low & roads clearBut night operations so far unsuccessful
Cargo interests sought private sector approachEnable off peak operations rather than just tax day time moves
BarriersHistory of failureHigh cost LegalityHuge VolumesMany PlayersDiversity of InterestsChallenges to legislation
Seeking a Private Sector Solution
Finding legal forum to collaborate
Establish guiding principals
Investigating workable solutions
Developing consensus within industry
Developing consensus outside industry
Planning
Establish Guiding Principals
Pursue system wide efficienciesCommon technology Industry wide disciplined approach
Develop & operate transparently Practical evaluation & planningAwareness of political realities
Investigating Workable ApproachesConstituencies Analysis Required
1. Cargo Interests2. Motor Carriers3. Truck Owner/Operators4. State & City Policy Makers5. State Regulatory Authorities6. Federal Agencies7. Port Authorities & ACTA8. Ocean Carriers
1. Labor Availability 2. ILWU Contract3. Technology Providers4. Costing Study5. Terminal Operation Impacts6. Tax analysis7. Shipping Act Analysis8. Security Plans & Developments
Focused on Focused on extending hours of extending hours of port operations to port operations to improve traffic improve traffic and air qualityand air quality
If not this, what?If not now, when?
MTO’s open port wide during 5 ‘Off Peak’ ShiftsOff Peak Shifts are weekends & second shiftsCargo Interests pay “Traffic Mitigation Fee”
Loaded import and export containers Moving during weekday first shift operations Excludes rail moves paying ACTA fee
Fee is based on cost of programFee and shifts will be phased in
Initial fee during implementation will be $20 TEU
TransparencyTraffic Mitigation Fee based on independent studyStudy & Fee updated periodicallyFee proceeds to cover admin & terminals costPayment processes & data interchanges governed by common schedule adopted by MTO’sElectronic data capture streamlines process
So where are we…PierPass supported by all 13 MTO’sEnabling Agreement filed with FMC in JulyIndependent Cost Estimates August Major Processes Charted SeptemberFMC ReviewCoast Guard Review of Process thru FallOutreach Meetings in Fall Process changes requiredStaffing UnderwayAdvisory Board SelectedTech Vender ACS Selected & Working Tech Letters Under Labor Contract SoonImplementation before summer surge
Goals of PierPassPorts open off peak MTO’s cover their costCargo owners gets efficient solution Truckers get more turns
Less emissions per moveILWU gets more jobsPorts more secureBetter data re cargo mobility
Air Quality
VesselsTrucks
Vessel EffortsLegal challengesLarger Is Better: 2000-2004
Vessel size up 28%Vessel calls down 8%Emission per teu down 30%Before quantifying newer is cleaner
Vessel Speed ReductionLimits of Cold IroningCleaner fuels—Establish sulfur emission control areasSelective Catalytic Reduction Technology
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2,000
4,000
Vessels/Yr.
Larger Vessels = Less Air Impact
Vessels/Yr. 1,650 1,451 1,457 1,296 1,517
TEU's/Vessel 2,766 3,096 3,222 3,386 3,531
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Trucking Initiatives
Improve Trucker Working ConditionsImproving “Turns” thru better processingFear of shortages is improving rates
Appointment SystemsPhase out dirty old trucks
Without hurting the owner operatorsAvoid Re-regulation Attempts & Hidden Agendas
Improving Truck EmissionsLargest, quickest impact Industry Seeking Federal Legislation
To benefit port truckersFleet Replacement/ Improvement Program:
Replace old trucks with cleaner models Older 1/3 are much of problem
Retrofit & improve more recent trucksUse higher quality/alternative fuels
Demonstration program in LA/Long Beach
Already happening to other U.S. and foreign portsBut overall growth rate will keep LA/LB growing despite diversionWith few exceptions, U.S. Ports are at or near capacity with few prospects for significant expansionUnless new infrastructure is built quickly, cargo will move more slowly with enormous environmental impacts
Diversion of LA/LB Cargo
Volume YTD(September Annualized)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
NY / NJ
Baltimore
Virginia
Charleston
Savannah
Miami
Houston
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Oakland
Tacoma
Vancouver
Seattle
Port
Millions
2003
2004
2005
2010
TEU’s
Volume YTD(September Annualized)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
NY / NJ
Baltimore
Virginia
Charleston
Savannah
Miami
Houston
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Oakland
Tacoma
Vancouver
Seattle
Port
Millions
2003
2004
2005
2010
Constraints:CY 04, 05, 104,000 teu/acre
Volume YTD(September Annualized)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
NY / NJ
Baltimore
Virginia
Charleston
Savannah
Miami
Houston
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Oakland
Tacoma
Vancouver
Seattle
Port
Millions
2003
2004
2005
2010
TEU’s
AssumesBuild outGroundingLess DwellRR/Trucks
Constraints@ 7,650
Due to capacity constraints at other Ports, diversion will occur on limited basisLA/LB will continue to have air quality challenges despite diversionOcean Carriers, Terminal Operators, and Truckers will do what they canBut … all above efforts must be accompanied by investments in infrastructure …
Summary Freight Mobility is an Important Issue & assetSupport Highway Bill to Phase Out Dirty TrucksEngage/challenge the industry
PierPass model public/private sector collaborationMore effective use of infrastructureEmbrace best available technology
Avoid legislation that:Lowers efficiency/velocityCreates obvious legal challenges that slow reformHurts US and California competitivenessOutsources good port jobs to Mexico
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