Climate Change Climate Change &&

Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster Risk Reduction A Call from HFA 2005-2016A Call from HFA 2005-2016

Shyam Jnavaly@actionaid.orgRight to Human Security in Emergency & Disaster

ActionAid Nepal, DIPECHO Project

National workshop on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation in Disaster Risk Reduction,

United World Trade Center, Kathmandu, April 15, 2010

Climate ChangeClimate Change

“directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to

natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”

…. a change in the state of the climate change in the state of the climate that can be identified ... by changes in the

mean and / or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an

extended period, typically decades or longer ….

Climate Change Adaptation

The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.

The broader concept of adaptation also applies to non-climatic factors such as soil erosion or surface subsidence. Adaptation can occur in autonomous fashion, for example

through market changes, or as a result of intentional adaptation policies and plans. Many disaster risk reduction

measures can directly contribute to better adaptation

Disaster Risk ReductionDisaster Risk Reduction

“action taken to reduce the risk of disasters and the adverse impacts of natural hazards, through systematic

efforts to analyze and manage the causes of disasters, including through avoidance of hazardshazards, reduced social and economic vulnerabilityvulnerability to hazards, and improved

preparedness for adverse events”.

Disaster Risk Reduction

The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries.

“disaster reduction” is sometimes used, the term “disaster risk reduction” provides a better recognition of the ongoing nature of

disaster risks and the ongoing potential to reduce these risks

Climate change Climate change and and disaster risk reduction disaster risk reduction are closely linked. are closely linked.

More More extreme weather extreme weather events in future are events in future are likely to increase likely to increase the number and scale of the number and scale of

disastersdisasters, while at the same time, , while at the same time, the existing methods and tools of disaster the existing methods and tools of disaster risk reduction provide powerful capacities risk reduction provide powerful capacities

for adaptation to climate change.for adaptation to climate change.

HFAHFAThe Hyogo Framework for Action provides the foundation for the implementation of disaster risk reduction. Agreed at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in January 2005, in Kobe, Japan, with the support of 168 Governments.

Adaptation through disaster risk reduction and the role of the Hyogo Framework

• “the substantial reduction of losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries”.

• “promote the integration of risk reduction associated with existing climate variability and future climate change into strategies for the reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to climate change...”

1: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a nationaland local priority with a strong institutional basis forimplementation.

This need is critical to both adaptation and risk reduction: encouraging a core ministry with a broad mandate including finance, economics or planning, to be responsible for mainstreaming climate change adaptation policies and activities; organizing a national high-level policy dialogue to prepare a national adaptation strategy that links with disaster risk reduction strategies; formalizing collaboration and the coordination of climate-related risk reduction activities through a multi-sector mechanism such as a national platform for disaster risk reduction; and developing mechanisms to actively engage women, communities and local governments in the assessment of vulnerability and impacts and the formulation of local adaptation activities

2: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks andenhance early warning.

Important steps under this priority include:Developing and disseminating high quality information about climate hazards and their likely future changes;Conducting assessments of vulnerability and specially vulnerable groups; Preparing briefings for policymakers and sector leaders; Reviewing the effectiveness of early warning systems; implementing procedures to ensure warnings reach vulnerable groups; and Undertaking public information programmes to help people understand the risks they face and how to respond to warnings.

3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to builda culture of safety and resilience at all levels.

This principle applies equally to adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Specific steps should include Collating and disseminating good practices; Undertaking public information programmes on local and personal actions that contribute to safety and resilience; Publicizing community successes; Training the media on climate related issues; Developing education curricula on climate adaptation and risk reduction; Supporting research programmes on resilience; and Improving mechanisms for knowledge transfer from science to application for risk management in climate-sensitive sectors.

4: Reduce the underlying risk factors

• This covers the many environmental and societal factors that create or exacerbate the risks from natural hazards. Measures can include:

• Incorporating climate risk-related considerations in development planning processes and macro-economic projections;

• Requiring the use of climate risk-related information in city planning, land-use planning, water management, and environmental and natural resource management;

• Strengthening and maintaining protective works such as coastal wave barriers, river levees, flood ways and flood ponds;

• Requiring routine assessment and reporting of climate risks in infrastructure projects, building designs, and other engineering practices;

• Developing risk transfer mechanisms and social safety nets; • Supporting programmes for diversification of livelihoods; and • Instituting adaptation activities in plans for recovery from specific

disasters.

5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effectiveresponse at all levels.

Resilience building and early warning systems contribute to this priority. Other specific actions can include :Revising preparedness plans and contingency plans to account for the projected changes in existing hazards and new hazards not experienced before; Building evacuation mechanisms and shelter facilities; and Developing specific preparedness plans for areas where settlements and livelihoods are under threat of permanent change.

How to integrated DRR & CCAHow to integrated DRR & CCA1. Map the institutions, policies and mechanisms already in place for

reducing disaster risk and dealing with climate change adaptation.2. Take stock of the available information on hazards, exposure,

vulnerabilities and risk assessments.3. Convene multi-stakeholder discussions to review information and

identify opportunities to harmonies policy and address capacity gaps4. Initiate capacity development activities to build or strengthen

coherent approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

5. Design joint project initiatives that address both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

6. Conduct adaptation planning with a multi-sectoral, development-based approach and centralized oversight responsibility

Key Messages 1

Measures to reduce vulnerability and disaster risk are proven and are already being applied to adaptation: Tools, capacities and supporting mechanisms for disaster risk reduction have been tested around the world and are available for wider use in climate change adaptation.

Key Messages 2

Disaster risk reduction offers a triple win: Implementing disaster risk reduction policies and programmes can limit the impacts of climate-related hazards, directly support adaptation to climate change, and help alleviate poverty.

Key Messages 3

Reducing disaster risk requires - and provides opportunities for - political leadership: Political commitment at the highest level is essential to drive action across all sectors and to build institutional linkages between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction fields.

Key Messages 4

Multi-stakeholder participation is a key to durable results: Disasters and climate change affect all of society, and therefore disaster risk reduction and adaptation solutions must involve all sectors and civil society, including the private sector, and community engagement.

Climate change is one of the greatest obstacles to ending ending impoverishment impoverishment and inequalityinequality and to realizing full human realizing full human rightsrights.

Climate change will affect all countries; however, its impacts will be differently distributed among different regions, generations, age, races, ethnicities, classes, income groups, occupations and between women and men. Poor women and men, especially in developing countries, and particularly those whose livelihoods are built on particular patterns of farming, will be disproportionately affected.

If not addressed, climate change is likely to place millions at risk of hungerat risk of hunger.

Background

-Shyam.Jnavaly@actionaid.org

Why we work on Climate Change?Why we work on Climate Change?““The potential The potential ravages of ravages of climate change climate change are so are so severe that they severe that they could nullify could nullify efforts to secure efforts to secure meaningful and sustainable development in poor meaningful and sustainable development in poor countries. At worst, they could send the real countries. At worst, they could send the real progress that has already been achieved spinning progress that has already been achieved spinning into reverseinto reverse. No other single issue presents such . No other single issue presents such a a clear and present danger to the future clear and present danger to the future welfare welfare of the world’s poor.” of the world’s poor.”

……. Climate change, then, is a pressing . Climate change, then, is a pressing poverty issue.poverty issue.

Climate Change Impact to ActionAid works:Climate Change Impact to ActionAid works:

• ActionAid sees ActionAid sees agriculture as a sector most vulnerable agriculture as a sector most vulnerable to climate changeto climate change; ; In Central and South Asia, crop yields could fall by up to 30% by 2050

• ActionAid sees ActionAid sees Women are particularly vulnerable to climate changeWomen are particularly vulnerable to climate change; ;

• Women, who make up 70% of the world's poor, depend more than men on natural resources that are threatened by climate change. Poor women also lack access to and control over natural resources, technologies, and credit. As a result, they are more vulnerable to more vulnerable to seasonal and episodic weatherseasonal and episodic weather and and to natural disasters resulting from to natural disasters resulting from climate change.climate change.

• As agriculture will be adversely affected by climate change, so will women. Women are responsible for approximately 65% in Asia. As crop yields decline and resources become scarcer, women’s workloads will expand, jeopardizing their chances to earn income outside the home or attend school.

• As water and heat related diseases increase because of climate change, women bear the burdens of increased care giving and threats to their own health.

Climate Change and ActionAid Climate Change and ActionAid

Child Studies / Women Studies

ChildChildChild

ChildParentCommunity

WomanWomen

WomanCommunity

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction

With intensifying drought, floods, glacier lake overflows, landslides,

heat waves, cold fog and irregular weather patterns,

the question is no longer IF the changing climate is affecting the most vulnerable in Nepal, the question is…

How can we help the most vulnerable people in Nepal adapt to the

changing climate?

Video & Report: What Children Want for Adaptation

Children priorities for adaptation: • Stop Deforestation and Plant Trees

• Provide Access to Agriculture Technologies

• Improve Basic Infrastructure

• Increase Climate Change Knowledge

• Prepare for Disaster Risk Reduction

Children said they are most impacted in the areas of

Livelihoods / Education / Health / Access to Water Emotional & Physical Well Being

Report & Video: What Women Want for Adaptation Alternative or improved livelihood options through:

o Crop diversification knowledge/resources

o Access to irrigation

o Locally available training alternatives to farming

A safe place to live:

o Relocation of communities to safer areas (or better housing to withstand extreme weather events)

o Resources to manage and stop the yearly landslides and/or flooding

o Accessible forests for firewood and fodder

Better access to:

o Climate change knowledge and adaptation skills

o Services, such as doctors and veterinaries

o Safe, reasonable and fair credit and insurance

o Resources when husbands migrate and fail to send remittances (funds for child education; food security)

o Communications and markets, through safer roads (no landslides or flooding) and access to boats

CC Impact – Adaptation Practice,Priorities and Constraints: Nepal

Community adaptation strategies • Farm off-seasonal and

alternative crop varieties • Establishment of dairy

cooperative• Capacity building in new skills • Accommodate in the crop

growing season• Initiate community based

micro-credit programs• Adopt improved agriculture

practices

The grassroots knowledge

LET THE LET THE COMMUNITY SPEAK COMMUNITY SPEAK ON CLIMATE ON CLIMATE CHANGE; CHANGE;

WE SHOULD ASSIST WE SHOULD ASSIST THEIR PLAN & THEIR PLAN & NEEDSNEEDS

Thank you

Thank you for your attention !!