âæ - 1 (NÛ qhcpU) - Gujarati P-1 · PDF file7. kylpk_p¡...

$: âæ - 1 (NÛ qhcpU) - Gujarati P-1 · PDF file7. kylpk_p¡ ‘—_u iugp A‹N¡ f‹S> A_¡ dpÞe[pAp¡_y‹ hZfi_ L$fp¡. 8. "¯L$pfp¡’ gOyL$\pdp‹ Apg¡Mpe¡gu dp-bp‘_u$
NySfp[u (001) - ‚Ò b°¨L$

‚Ò - 1 (N¤ qhcpU)

‚-1 (A) _uQ°_pdp¨\u L$p°B`Z b°_p ]$k guV$udp¨ dyÿpkf S>hpb gMp° :-1. Nfubudp¨ Sy>dp° A_° h°œ¨ L°$hy¨ ∆h_ ∆h[p l[p ? [°d_u q]$_QepÆ hZÆhp°.2. h°œ_° bQphhp Sy>dpA° L°$hp ‚e–_p° L$epÆ ? [°_p d©–ey `R>u Sy>dp° iy¨ L$f[p° l[p° ?3. L$pbfu L|$[fu dpV°$_p° L$piudp_p° ‚°d L$ep-L$ep ‚k¨Np° ‹pfp S>ZpB Aph° R>° ?4. L$piudpA° L$pbfu L|$[fu `f_u ]$pT L°$hu fu[° D[pfu ? [°_y¨ iy¨ `qfZpd ApÏey¨ ?5. d¨Ny_° ]$hpMp_pdp¨ d|L$[u hM[° Adf[L$pL$uA° L$f°gu cgpdZp° A_° A° ‹pfp ‚NV$[y¨

[°d_y¨ hp–kÎe hZÆhp°.6. d¨Ny_° ]$hpMp_° d|ºep `R>u_u Adf[L$pL$u_u d_p°Ïe\p hZÆhp°.7. "\vNXy¨$' hp[pÆ_p iujÆL$_u ep°¡e[p QQp£.8. kylpk A_° iugp_p ∆h_dp¨ `l°gp° `X$L$pf L$ep° ApÏep° ? [° `X$L$pf [°dZ° L$B fu[°

TuÎep° ?9. Óyr[_° kyMu L$fhp dpV°$ kylpk A_° iugpA° L$f°gp ‚epkp° hZÆhp°.10. [pgud dmhp\u Óyr[dp¨ L$B-L$B Ly$im[pAp° Aphu ?11. d©Zpg `pk° dyS>_° rcnp dNphhp_y [•g ° ip dpV°$ rhQpeyØ ? d©Zpg° ip dpV°$ [° L$b|Îey ?12. ""dy¨S>° rcnp dpNu_° `p°[p_p° q]$s¡hS>e L$ep£'' Ap rh^p_ QQp£.13. "k–e' A_° "Atlkp' rhi°_y¨ Np¨û∆_y¨ tQ[_ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.14. k–e A_° Atlkp h√Q° fl°gp° kp›e-kp^__p° k¨b¨^ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.15. "d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe'dp¨ Ïeº[ \e°gu N¤ R>V$pAp°_u QQpÆ L$fp°.16. g°ML$_p d[° D_pmp_p q]$hkp° fdZue iu fu[° lp°e R>° ?17. ∆[ycpB_° gp°L$r‚e ]$pº[f b_phhp dpV°$ _p_ycpBA° AS>dph°gu eysº[ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨

hZÆhp°.18. _p_ycpB_p° _ykMp° kam \ep° A°d ip\u L$lu iL$pe ?19. ≈°N_p Ly$g ^p°^ L°$V$gp R>° ? L$ep-L$ep ? ]$f°L$_p° V|¨$L$p° `qfQe L$fphp°.20. ""cZL$pfp'' A°L$p¨L$udp¨ Ïeº[ \[u NNuayB_u Mydpfu hZÆhp°.21. ""cZL$pfp'' A°L$p¨L$u_p iujÆL$_u ep°¡e[p_u QQpÆ L$fp°.

(b) _uQ°_pdp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$ `f Apif° ApW$ guV$udp¨ dyÿpkf _p¢^ gMp°.1. Sy>dp_p bQ`Z_u ≈lp°S>gpgu hZÆhp°.2. L$piudp_u aS>°[u_y¨ L$pfZ b_°gu L$pbfu L|$[fu.3. L$pbfu ‚–e°_p h[pÆh `R>u L$piudp_p d_p°cph.4. Adf[L$pL$u_p° `p” `qfQe Ap`p°.5. `phÆ[u_y¨ `p”pg°M_ L$fp°.6. rQfpey_u hp[pÆ_y¨ [p–èÆ kd≈hp°.7. kylpk_p° `–_u iugp A¨N° f¨S> A_° dpfie[pAp°_y¨ hZÆ_ L$fp°.8. "≈L$pfp°' gOyL$\pdp¨ Apg°Mpe°gu dp-bp`_u ˘]$eÏe\p hZÆhp°.9. "]$uL$fp' gOyL$\p_° Ap^pf° ‚dp°]$fpe_u h°]$_p.10. dy¨S>_p ∆h__p° Np•fhcep£ A¨[.

NySfp[u (001)/rhcpNñ1/‚Ò b°L 1

11. dy¨S>_y¨ Ïesº[–h hZÆhp°.12. Atlkp rhi° Np¨^u∆_y¨ rQ¨[_.13. ridp°Np\u ≈°N_p ^p°^ ky^u_y¨ g°ML°$ ≈°e°gy¨ ‚pL©$r[L$ kp¶]$eÆ.14. c|V$p_u r_]$p£j[p A_° L$d_kubu hZÆhp°.15. ‚cpi¨L$f_p ıhcph_u gpnrZL$[pAp°.16. Í$MX°$ Ap`°gp kdpQpf_u [°Sy> A_° NNuayB `f \e°gu Akf.

(L$) _uQ°_pdp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$ `f Apif° ApW$ guV$udp¨ dyÿpkf _p¢^ gMp°.1. "dlp]°$hcpB_u X$pefu'dp¨ ‚NV$ \[y¨ BrgTpb°\_y¨ `p”rQ”.2. "dlp]°$hcpB_u X$pefu'_° Ap^pf° L$pguh_y¨ `p”pg°M_.3. L$ÎepZu_p gî `R>u_u rS>]y$_p\_u h°]$_p A_° [°_y¨ `qfZpd.4. f¢L$X$uhpmp X$p°kp_° ≈°hp\u L$ÎepZu_p d_ `f \e°gu Akf A_° [°Z° L$f°gp° r_ZÆe.5. `r[_p° ‚°d d°mhhp Ly$dy]°$ L$f°gp ‚e–_p°.6. L$pguh A_° BrgTpb°\ h√Q°_u dygpL$p[ hZÆhp°.7. c÷¨c÷°°$$ ApNNpX$udp¨ L$f°gy¨ cpjZ A_° dykpafp° `f \e°gu [°_u Akf.8. c÷¨c÷° ıV°$i_ `f qV$qL$V$ L$fphu [° ‚k¨N_y¨ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨ hZÆ_ L$fp°.9. fpS>Ly$dpfu A_° rcnyZu [fuL°$ BrgTpb°\_u ‚h©r—Ap° A_° ‚cph.10. "aº[ `¨]$f rdr_V$'_° Ap^pf° frh‚kp]$_p ∆h__y¨ rQ” Apg°Mp°.11. "A°L$ A°L$fpf' iujÆL$_u e\p\Æ[p QQp£.12. Ly$dy]$_y¨ [lp°d[_pdy¨.

(X$) _uQ°_pdp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$_p° V|$¨L$dp¨ S>hpb gMp° :-1. A¨N∞°∆ cZ°gu `–_u rhi° kylpk_u iu dpfie[p R>° ?2. Óyr[ ip dpV°$ _kub]$pf R>p°L$fu l[u ?3. frhfi÷_p\ [X$L$p° L°$hu fu[° dpZ[p l[p ?4. df[p h°œ¨_° Sy>dpA° iu fu[° bQpÏep° ?5. L$piudpA° L$pbfu L|$[fu `f_u ]$pT L°$hu fu[° L$pY$u ?6. iugp_° A¨N∞°∆ bp°g[p kp¨cmu_° g°ML$_° ip dpV°$ ApÚeÆ \ey¨ ?7. cZ°gp ]$uL$fp `pk° L$piudp_y¨ dp¢ L°$d `X$u Ney¨ ?8. ‚dp°]$fpe° cv[ kp¢kfhy¨ iy¨ ≈°ey¨ ?9. [pgud dmhp\u Óyr[dp¨ L$B-L$B Ly$im[pAp° Aphu ?10. rkŸ `yfyj° Ap`°gp Qd–L$pqfL$ h˜_u rhi°j[p iu l[u ?11. L$B-L$B bpb[p°_° Ïep`L$ A\Ædp¨ tlkp NZu iL$pe ?12. ]$uL$fu_p A`d©–ey dpV°$ NZ`[ `p°[p_° [°dS> Ly¨$hf_° L°$d S>hpb]$pf NZ° R>° ?13. h°œ_p d©–ey `R>u Sy>dp° iy¨ L$f[p° l[p° ?14. ∆[ycpB_° _pV$L$ g¨bphhp_y¨ DrQ[ L°$d _ gp¡ey¨ ?15. fp°ff (fy÷) ^p°^_u rhi°j[p hZÆhp°.16. `p°[p_p° L$p°B OfpL$ OV°$ [p° bu≈_° OfpL$ \hp Sy>dp° L°$d L$l°[p° _rl ?17. [•g`° ip° Y¨$Y°$fp° r`V$pÏep° ? Ap_u gp°L$p° `f iu Akf \B ?18. NNuayB ip dpV°$ b°Q°_u A_ychu f¸p l[p ?19. rh_y_p h[Æ_dp¨ iy¨ Akpdpfie l[y¨ ?20. Bf_° Ap`Z° ks√Q]$p_¨]$ _pd° ip dpV°$ Ap°mMuA° R>uA° ?21. L$p°V$_° \vNXy¨$ ]°$[p¨ ‚cpi¨L$f_° iu dyÌL°$guAp° `X$u ?22. O°f `pR>u Aph°gu c¢k_° `khpf[p¨ Ly¨$hf_° Ap¨ky L°$d ApÏep¨ ?


‚Ò - 2 (`¤ qhcpU)

‚-2 (A) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°dp¨\u L$p°B`Z b° ‚Òp°_p Apif° ]$k guV$udp¨ D—f gMp°.1. ""rkŸ [y¨ khÆ\p \B ...'' iÂ]$p° ‹pfp hZÆhpe°gu ErdÆgp_u dlp_[p kd≈hp°.2. "a|gX$p¨-L$V$p°fu' L$pÏe_p° cphp\Æ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.3. "dl°dp_p°_° k¨bp°^_ ...' L$pÏedp¨ L$rh "L$pfi[°' fS|> L$f°gp° Apr[’ecph hZÆhp°.4. ""Ap`Zp OX$h•ep bp¨^h Ap`Z° ...'' L$pÏedp¨ L$rh Óu fpS>°fi÷ ipl° hZÆh°gp° yfyjp\Æ_p°

drldp S>Zphp°.5. "lz¨ [p° Qlz¨ ...' L$pÏedp¨ d_kyMgpg Th°fuA° L$f°gy¨ ep•h__y¨ Np•fh-Np_ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨

fS|> L$fp°.6. OyhX$_p D]$plfZ ‹pfp AMpA° L$f°gp° L$V$pn kd≈hp°.7. "[p° ApÏep L$_°' Nu[dp¨ L$rhA° L$f°gu ‚°d_u A_yc|r[ kd≈hp°.8. "fpd L$lp° fldp_ L$lp° ...' `]$_p° d›eh[w rhQpf ı`Ù$ L$fp°.9. "fZdp¨ Arcdfiey ...' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° Arcdfiey_p A]π$cy[ ip•eÆ_y¨ hZÆ_ L$fp°.10. "f¨NgeNr[ ...' L$pÏe_p iujÆL$_u kp\ÆL$[p rkŸ L$fp°.11. L$rh Óu r_f¨S>_ cN[° ApjpY$u ApL$pi A_° `p°[p_p d_ h√Q° b[ph°gu kdp_[pAp°

ı`Ù$ L$fp°.12. "cS> f° cS> [y¨ ...' `]$dp¨ _fqk¨l dl°[pA° hZÆh°gu L©$ÛZ_u bpmgugpAp° hZÆhp°.13. "≈° lp°e ...' NTg_° Ap^pf° L$rh Di_k_u T¨M_pAp° Apg°Mp°.14. "_Nfdp¨ Qp¨]$_u' L$pÏedp¨ L$rhA° r_fy`°g Qp¨]$_u_y¨ kp¶]$eÆ hZÆhp°.15. L$rh Óu bp°V$p]$L$f° fS|> L$f°gy¨ ErdÆgp_y¨ Ap]$iÆ Qqf” [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨ Apg°Mp°.16. "R>°Îgp° L$V$p°fp° ...' L$pÏedp¨ L$rh Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu Np¨^u∆_° iu rh_¨[u L$f° R>° ?17. "lphp¨ lz¨ kMu ...' L$pÏedp¨ Ïeº[ \e°g Np°`u_p° L©$ÛZ ‚–e°_p° ‚°d [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨

hZÆhp°.18. "`L$X$p° L$gd_° ...' NTg_p° d›eh[w rhQpf fS|> L$fp°.

(b) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°dp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$ ‚Ò_p° Apif° ApW$ guV$udp¨ D—f gMp°.1. L$ZÆ_u fiepe d°mhhp dpV°$_u T¨M_p A_° d\pdZ hZÆhp°.2. L$rh "A_pdu'_p d[° hpZu_p° ‚cph S>Zphp°.3. L©$ÛZ_p L$ep Apn°`_° L$ZÆA° L$B ]$gugp° ‹pfp fq]$ep° Ap‡ep° ?4. h_dp¨ S>hp dpV°$_p¨ L$ep L$pfZp° gˇdZ° ErdÆgp_° Ap‡ep¨ ?5. "≈° lp°e ...' NTgdp¨ Ïeº[ \[p° L$rh Óu Di_kπ_p° ‚L©$r[-‚°d hZÆhp°.6. "Ad° `L$X$u Ap¨brgep_u X$pm ...' L$pÏedp¨ dufp¨bpBA° ‚ep°S>°gp¨ Í$`L$p° ı`Ù$ L$fp°.7. op_u lp°hp_p° ]°$Mph L$f[p Aop_uAp°\u AMp° ‚≈_° iu fu[° Q°[h° R>° ?8. "\pL$u S>hp_y¨ L$ped [ghpf [pZu [pZu ...' Ap sı\r[ ∆h__p L°$hp k¨≈°Np°_° k|Qh°

R>° ?9. dlpcpf[_p eyŸdp¨ ArcdfieyA° L$f°gy¨ A‚r[d ip•eÆ hZÆhp°.10. "Apcdp¨ TuZu Tb|L°$ huS>mu f° ...' gp°L$Nu[dp¨ Ïeº[ \e°g _preL$p_u cph]$ip_y¨

Apg°M_ L$fp°.11. "Ap`Zp OX$h•ep bp¨^h Ap`Z° ...' L$pÏedp¨ fpS>°fi÷ ipl° Ap`°gu ‚°fZp S>Zphp°.12. "L°$ L$pNm lqf gM° [p° ...' L$pÏedp¨ Ïeº[ \[u dufp¨_u L©$ÛZcsº[.


(L$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°dp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$ ‚Ò_p° Apif° ApW$ guV$udp¨ D—f gMp°.1. "`p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey ...' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° L$rh Óu ky]$f∆ b°V$pB_p¨ bpm`Z_p¨ k¨ıdfZp°

hZÆhp°.2. "dpZk Mp°hpep° R>° ...' L$pÏe_y¨ hL$[Ïe ı`Ù$ L$fp°.3. "kp¨S> `l°gp¨_u kp¨S> ...' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° _d[p b`p°f_y¨ iÂ]$rQ” Apg°Mp°.4. L$rh Óu ky¨]$f∆ b°V$pB_p rQ—dp¨ D`k[y¨ duW$u dp_y¨ ıdfZ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨ Apg°Mp°.5. S>¨Ngdp¨ fp”° kde kpf L$fhp dpV°$ Qpf°e rd”p°A° L$f°gu ep°S>_p "`Îgy¨ L$eyØ [° r[ ...'

L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° kd≈hp°.6. "`Îgy¨ L$eyØ [° `r[ ...' iujÆL$_p° cphp\Æ kd≈hp°.7. "kp¨S> `l°gp¨_u kp¨S> ...' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° kp¨S> A_° b`p°f h√Q°_p° c°]$ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.8. "ıd©r[c∞d' L$pÏedp¨ Ïeº[ \[u dp[©ıd©r[_u k¨h°]$_p [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨ Apg°Mp°.9. L$hre”u `flp _peL$_° `p°[p_p¨ bp iu-iu ‚h©r—Ap° L$f[p¨ ]°$Mpe R>° ?10. L$rh Óu Ìepd kp^y_p d[° Ap^yr_L$ dpZk Ly$]$f[_° ip dpV°$ dpZu iL$[p° _\u ?

(X$) _uQ° Ap`°gp ‚Òp°dp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$ ‚Ò_p° Apif° Qpf guV$udp¨ D—f gMp°.1. `[¨rNep_u L$rh_p rQ— `f \e°gu Akf S>Zphp°.2. h∞S>_u Np°`u_° Óu L©$ÛZ_p L$ep k¨bp°^_\u dpWy¨$ gp¡ey¨ R>° ? ip dpV°$ ?3. "... h°X°$ [°_° Aph° lp\ ∆ ...'' `¨sº[ ‹pfp L$rh fpS>°fi÷ ipl iy¨ L$l°hp dpN° R>° ?4. L$rh "L$pfi[' dl°dp_p°_u ip dpV°$ ndp dpN° R>° ?5. fZ h√Q° KV$ ip dpV°$ d|¨Tpe R>° ? L$rh Apq]$g dfikyfu_p dyº[L$_° Ap^pf° kd≈hp°.6. "lz¨ [p° Qlz¨ ...' L$pÏe_p L$rh_° h©Ÿ–h dpV°$ ip L$pfZ° rhi°j Ap]$f R>° ?7. "fpd L$lp° fldp_ L$lp° ...' ]$dp¨ dpV$u_p D]$plfZ ‹pfp L$rh Ap_¨]$O_ L$ey¨ k–e kd≈h°

R>° ?8. "f¨NgeNr[' L$pÏedp¨ L$rh M°[f_° i°Y°$ L$B-L$B hı[yAp° Sy>A° R>° ?9. ]°$h[pAp° ºepf° ”prl-”prl `p°L$pfu EW$Èp ? "fZdp¨ Arcdfiey ...' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf°

S>Zphp°.10. L$rh _p_pgpg_u ◊rÙ$A° a|gX$p¨-L$V$p°fu S> Ad©[ Tughp dpV°$ ep°¡e R>°. kd≈hp°.

‚-3. (A) r_b¨^ g°M_.1. Ap`Zp¨ OX$h•ep bp¨^h Ap`Z°.

(dp_hu `p°[° S> `p°[p_p° cp¡e rh^p[p - S>°hy hphp° [°hy gZp° - Ap–d kı\p`_ dpV°$_p°yfyjp\Æ - D√Q ∆h_ - dl–hL$p¨np - gˇe Ap¨bhp_p r_ÛW$p |hÆL$ ‚e–_p° - ∆h_

OX$[f dpV°$_p `p°[p_p Ap]$ip£ - `yfyjp\Æ rh_p ‚pfÂ^ `p¨Nmy¨ - D`k¨lpf.$&& C⁄_Z oh og‹`p›V H$m`m©oU Z _ZmaW° :$& Z oh gwflVÒ` qghÒ` ‡pdeo›V _wI_•Jm: $&&)

2. d_° riiy [Zu Nd° kfm k©rÙ$ / dpfp i•ih_p¨ k¨ıdfZp°.(‚ı[ph_p - i•ih_u r_]$p£j, r_Mpgk, _dZu, _d|_°]$pf ıh‡_k©rÙ$ - hX$ugp°_uhlpg`_p° A_ych - bpm`Z_p MV$duW$p¨ d^yf k¨ıdfZp°_u TgL$ - ipmp ∆h__pdı[ucepÆ q]$hkp°_u ]$pı[p_ - [p°ap_u [fL$V$p°_u ep]$u - D`k¨lpf.""AmVm h° `mX _wPH$m JwOam h˛Am O_mZm,dm PmS>r`m± M_ZH$s dm _am Amoe`mZm $&'')


3. ”u≈ rheyŸ_u cep_L$[p.(c|[L$pmdp¨ b° rheyŸp°_p° L$X$hp° A_ych - Aœbp°Áb_p ‚ep°N° h°f°gp° rh_pi -kp•_° gp¡ey¨ S>N[_° ”uSy>¨ rheyŸ ºep¨ gB S>i° ? dp_h[p dfu `fhpfu - Ap^yr_L$rdkpBgp° S>°hp Ap^yr_L$ iı”p°_u k¨lpfgugp - ∆hdp”_u _pdi°j \B S>hp_ui¨L$p-Ly$i¨L$p - cp•r[L$hp]$u fpÙ≤$p°A° dp_hue d|Îep° rhQpfhp S>Í$fu - S>Í$f R>° byŸ_u_rl L°$ eyŸ_u.)

4. D_pmp_p b`p°f° .. ”prldpdπ.(hjpÆ, iu[ A_° DÛZ - ”Z F>[yAp° - ]$f°L$_u ApNhu ApNhu R>V$p - ‚L©$r[_p L$fpgL$p°dm Í$ p° ≈°hp dm° - D_pmp_p° b`p°f M|b S> ApL$fp°, ”pk]$peL$ - `Z b`p°f_y¨`Z kp¶]$eÆ - fdZue[p - khÆ” Apmk_y¨ kpd∞pƒe - dp_hu_u rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap° -Nfdu\u ”ı[ ∆hdp” - ìy `¨MuAp° `Z dpmpdp¨ T|g° - kp°_hZw [X$L$p_y¨ ”pV$L$Nd[y¨ _\u - W¨$X$p `pZu_u ƒepa[.)

5. ‚]|$jZ - A°L$ kphÆr”L$ kdıep.(epr”L$ eyN_p° dlpfp°N - kdN∞ rhdp Ïep °gp° R>° - cpf[dp ‚dpZ h^pf° tQ[pS>_L$- S>m, hpey, ı\m_p ‚]|$jZp° - ›hr_ ‚]|$jZ_u dp_h `f O°fu Akfp° - ∆hdp”_pAsı[–h dpV°$ ≈°MdÍ$` -rhop_° Apù kyM kyrh^pAp° A_° Apù A_°L$ kdıepAp°- r_hpfZ dpV°$_p D`pep° - D`k¨lpf.)

6. c|L¨$`_u k¨lpf gugp / ^f[uL¨$` A°L$ Ly$]$f[u Apa[.(‚ı[ph_p - ‚L©$r[_p° Nyıkp° - cep_L$ gugpAp° - c|L$ \hp_p L$pfZp° - ^f[uL$ _prh_piL$ ◊Ìep° - NyS>fp[, cyS>dp¨ \e°gp° c|L¨$` - dp_h[p_p° kp]$ - fpl[ L$pep£_p°rhrh^ A_ych - kdpS>k°hu k¨ı\pAp°_u k°hp - kfL$pfu klpep° - c|L¨$`_u kS>Æ_p–dL$Akfp° - S>m_° ı\p_° ı\m, ı\m_° ı\p_° S>m - rhkS>Æ_ `R>u _hkS>Æ_ - D`k¨lpf- ıdip_h[π ip¨r[_p° A_ych.)

7. c∞Ù$pQpf - A°L$ fpÙ≤$Ïepù L°$fikf / c∞Ù$pQpf_p cfX$pdp¨ cpf[.(‚ı[ph_p - c∞Ù$pQpf A° S> ≈Z° riÙ$pQpf - c∞Ù$pQpf_p rhrh^ n°”p° - c∞Ù$pQpfuAp°A_° [°Ap°_p A^d L©$–ep° - c∞Ù$pQpf ApQfhp_p L$pfZp° - _•r[L$ d|Îep°_y¨ A^:`[_ -c∞Ù$pQpf _p\hp_p D`Qpfp°.)(""]°$i [p° Apbp]$ \p[p \B Nep°, [¢ iy¨ L$eyØ ?]°$i [p° bfbp]$ \p[p flu Nep°, [°¨ `yŒe L$p°œ¨ Aphu_° W$eyØ ?gp¨Q, Í$Ìh[, dp¢Ohpfu, kNphp]$,_p kudp ...'' - ıh.Óu Ddpi¨L$f ≈°ju)

8. kyrirn[ b°L$pf_u Ap–dL$\p.(‚ı[ph_p - ""L$l°hu kyZhu L$p°_° _ Nd°, fk frkL$X$p¨_u hp[ ∆ ...'' - S>fid -i•ihpı\p - dp[pr`[p_p rinZ k¨ıL$pf - A°L$rQ—° rh¤pÊepk - D√Q rinZdp¨ƒhg¨[ kam[p - _p°L$fu ^¨^p dpV°$_p° Arhf[ ‚e–_ - Af∆ `f Af∆ `Z L$p°BS>Z_u df∆ _\u _p°L$fu Ap`hp dpV°$ - A” [” fTm`pV$ - r_fpipceyØ ∆h_ gpN°Ap b°L$pf_° - D`k¨lpf.)

9. ApS>_p rh¤p\w_u d|ThZp° A_° dTpAp°.(‚ı[ph_p - rh¤p_p° A\w rh¤p\w - ∆h_dp¨ rh¤p_y¨ dl–h - ApS>_y¨ rinZ`funpgnu - i•nrZL$ n°”° r_õ$p_p° khÆ” Acph - ""V$Èyi_ A°V$g° fieykfik'' -


op_ d°mhhp_p A¨[fpep° `yÛL$m - `funp\u S> d|Îep¨L$_ \pe - `funpAp°dp¨ Qp°fuA°L$ Ar_Ù$$ - d|Îer_õ$ rinZ_p° Acph - rinZ A°L$ h°`pf - dp¢Oy]$pV$ rinZ -rinZ d°mÏep `R>u _p°L$fu_u fpdpeZ - kpQp rh¤p\w_° \[p° khÆ” Afiepe -rh¤p\w S>N[ kı[p d_p°f¨S>__p dpN£ - D`k¨lpf.)

10. dp [° dp / dp[©‚°d.(dp[p_p° r_:ıhp\Æ ı_°l - rinZ - k¨ıL$pf, L$fyZp_u d|r[Æ [° dp - ""S>__u_u ≈°X$kMu _rl S>X°$ f° gp°g'' - A°L$ kydp[p kp° rinL$p° kdp_ - $&& OZZr O›_^yo_¸ÒdJm©Xo‡ Jnaòg $&& - `p°[° ]y$:Mp° klu_° `Z k¨[p_p°_° kyM A`£ - hp–kÎecph_p°AM|V$ c¨X$pf - $&& _mV• Xdm ^d $&& - ""S>__u_p l•epdp¨ `p°Y$[p `p°Y$[p ù^p° L$ky¨bu_p°f¨N'' ıh. Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu - ""`y” Ly$`y” b_° ºepf°L$, dp[p Ly$dp[p _ b_° ºhrQ[π'').

11. Ap[¨L$hp]$_p Ap°R>pep.(Ap[¨hp]$_p° A\Æ A`fpûcph\u cephl L$f[|[p° r_]Æ$e[p\u ApQfhp - rhÏepùkdıep - Ad°qfL$p, friep, cpf[, Bıgpdu fpÙ≤$p°, rhL$rk[, ArhL$rk[ L°$ AÎ`rhL$rk[kp• dpV°$ en‚Ò R>° - cpjp, L$p°d, dÆ, ‚p¨[hp]$_u _uh©—f gOycph_pdp¨\u Ap[¨L$hp]$_p°S>fid - kdN∞ dp_h≈[ dpV° $_p° Ap A`fp^cph_p Mfpbu _p¢[f° - r_]$p£jdp_hk¨lpf A° ºep¨_u blp]y$fu R>° ? - Akyfrn[ A°hp BTfpBg, `°g°ıV$pB_,AaOpr_ı[p_, Ad°qfL$p, cpf[ A°_p° riL$pf R>° - dp]$f° h[_ R>p°X$u_° cV$L$[y¨ Akyfrn[∆h_ ∆hhy X°$ - pqL$ı[p_, Óug¨L$p S>°hp fpÙ≤$p°dp¨ Ap Ap[¨L$hp]$uAp° dpV°$_u ıhNÆc|rdR>° - V≤°$t_N L°$Á` Qpg° R>° - cpf[_p° rhipm kdy÷ qL$_pfp° - L$pÌduf\u L$fiepLy$dpfukyû Ap[¨L$hp]$_p° cfX$p° - fpÙ≤$ue rhL$pk fy¨^pe - fnZp–dL$ ‚h©r—dp¨ [dpd isº[Ap°L$pd° gNpX$hu `X°$ - Ap¨[ffpÙ≤$ue L$npA° k¨NW$_ S>Í$fu - [p° S> Ap[¨L$hp]$_p° kpd_p° \BiL°$ - ‚≈S>_p°_y kdS> |hÆL$ L$[ÆÏe - r_]$p°Æj_u ≈_lpr_ - dpgrdÎL$[ fnhu - dp_hudp_h b_° ]$p_h _rl - D`k¨lpf.)

(b) Al°hpg g°M_.1. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ DS>hpe°g bpgp°–kh_u DS>hZu_p° Al°hpg 100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ [•epf L$fp°.

ıh. ¨qX$[ S>hplfgpg _l°fy_p° S>fidq]$_ 14 _h°Ábf - bpgq]$_ - ¨qX$[∆_p ∆h_dp¨bpmL$p° dpV°$_p° A |hÆ ı_°l - rhrh^ ı`^pÆAp° - fd[Nd[ ‹pfp Ap_¨]$ ‚dp°]$ - hL$[©–hı`^pÆ, r_b¨ ı`^pÆ, L$pÏe`W$_, kyg°M_, f¨Np°mu lqfapB, kyip°c_, _pV$L$, Nfbp_p°L$peÆæ$d - ı`^pÆdp¨ rhS>°[pAp°_° B_pdp° - kdp`_ L$peÆæ$ddp¨ ApQpeÆÓu_y¨ D]π$bp°^_.

2. A°L$ f°Îh° AL$ıdp[_p° Al°hpg Apif° 100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ [•epf L$fp°.dpgNpX$u A_° A°ºk‚°k V≤°$__p° Ndøhpf AL$ıdp[ - dpgNpX$u `pV$p `f\u D[fu S>hu- A°ºk‚°k V≤°$__p `p¨Q X$Âbp `yg `f\u _uQ° `X$hp - ≈_dpg_y¨ _yL$ip_ - Opeg\e°gp dykpafp°_u fp°Ω$m - ibp°_p° r_L$pg - kdpS>k°hu kı\p_u d]$]$ - L$fyZpS>_L$◊Ìep° - kfL$pfÓu [fa\u AkfN∞ı[p°_° d]$]$ - AL$ıdp[_u [`pk dpV°$_p° Ap]°$i.

3. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ DS>hhpdp¨ Aph°g rinL$q]$__p° Apif° 100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ Al°hpg [•epfL$fp°.

4. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ ‚≈k—pL$ q]$__u DS>hZu_p° Al°hpg Apif° 100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ [•epfL$fp°.

5. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ DS>hhpdp¨ Aph°gp hprjÆL$ q]$__u DS>hZu_p° Al°hpg Apif° 100iÂ]$p°dp¨ hZÆhp°.


(L$) dyÿp `f\u hp[pÆ gMu [°_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.1. A°L$ riÎù - d©–ey_u ApNplu - `p°[p_p S> ifuf S>°hp R> `|[mp¨ b_pÏep¨ - ed]|$[_y¨

ApNd_ - d|ThZ - rhQpf L$fu_° "lp c|g dmu' A°d bp°ghy¨ - riÎù_p° ‚Ò "ºep¨R>° c|g?' - riÎù TX$`pep°.

2. A°L$ V$p°my¨ - A°L$ ˜u - V$p°mpdp¨_p gp°L$p°_p b|d bfpX$p "Ap ˜u Ly$gV$p R>°. [°_° `’\fp°dpfu_° dpfu _pMp°'' - V$p°mpdp¨_p b^p gp°L$p° `’\fp° a¢L$u [° ˜u_° dpfu _pMhp kà> -A°L$ Ap°rgep_y¨ –ep¨\u `kpf\ hy¨ - \p°chy¨ - V$p°mp_° Dÿ°iu_° L$l°hy¨, "S>°Z° ∆h_dp¨ L$]$uA°L°$ `p` _ L$eyØ lp°e [° Ap ˜u_° `l°gp° `’\f dpf°' - V$p°mp_u rh]$pe - ˜u_y¨ fy]$_ -˜u_y¨ k°hpL$peÆdp¨ ≈°X$pB S>hy¨ - bp°^.

3. ^p°bu A_° ^p°bZ_y¨ _]$u qL$_pf° L$`X$p¨ ^p°hp S>hy¨ - kp¨S>_p° kde - A¨^pfy¨ O°fphy¨ -AQp_L$ Np°mubpf - p°bu_y dfZ - bu≈ q]$hk° p°bZ_y ]$fbpfdp¨ Aphhy - S>lp¨Nuf`pk° fiepe_u dp¨NZu - Np°mu R>p°X$_pf_u [`pk - b°Nd _|fS>lp¨ S> Ny_°Npf -bp]$ipl_p° fiepe - `qfZpd.

4. fp≈ A_° ‚^p__u NpY$ ]$p°ı[u - fp≈_p° A¨N|W$p° L$`php° - "S>° \pe [° kpfp dpV°$'‚^p__y¨ L$l°hy¨ - fp≈_p° æ$p°^ - ‚^p__° ]°$ir_L$pg - fp≈ AfŒedp¨ riL$pf dpV°$ - dpNÆc|ghp° - Qp°fp°_p lp\dp¨ - eodp¨ lp°dhp b”uk gnZp_u S>Í$f - dp°[_p dp¢dp¨ -"Af° ! A¨N|W$p° L$`pe°gp° R>°' Qp°f_y¨ r_funZ - fp≈_u dysº[ -‚^p__u ip°^ - ndp -bp°^ - iujÆL$.

5. A°L$ Óud¨[_° dp°V$f X≤$pBhf_u S>Í$f - R>p`pdp¨ ≈l°fp[ - ”Z dpZkp°_y¨ BfiV$fÏeydpÄphhy¨ - i°W$_p° khpg, ""`hÆ[_u MuZ_u ^pf\u L°$V$g° ]|$f dp°V$f lp¨L$u_° Qgphu iL$ip°?'' - `l°gp_p° S>hpb, ""A°L$ HQ'' - bu≈_p° S>hpb, ""AX$^p° HQ'' - ”u≈_p°S>hpb, ""A°dp¨ [p° ∆h_y¨ ≈°Md, A°V$g° h^pf° ]|$f fpMu_°'' - `k¨]$Nu - kpf.

6. Nyfy ‹pfp riÛep°_u `funp g°hp_u ≈l°fp[ - L$p°B _ Sy>A° [°hu S>¡epA° S>B Ap`°gy¨ amMpB_° `pR>p Aphhp L$l°hy¨ - A°L$ rkhpe Afie riÛep°_y¨ ]|$f_u S>¡epA° S>B am MpB`pR>p afhy¨ - Nyfy_y¨ `|R>hy¨ - am Mp^p hNf `pR>p af_pf riÛe_p° S>hpb, ""Bf bûS> S>¡epA° R>°'' - L$\__p° ddÆ - bp°^ - iujÆL$.

(X$) Ap`°g N¤M¨X$ hp¨Qu_° [°_p° ”u≈ cpN S>°V$gp° k¨n°` L$fp° A_° [°_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.1. ^dÆ A°V$g° k–e_u [pgph°gu A_° rhh°L$u kdcph, [°dS> A° b° [–hp°_u ]$p°fhZu

_uQ° OX$p[p° ∆h_ Ïehlpf. ¨qX$[ kyMgpg∆A° ip˜p°, ¨qX$[p°, NyfyAp°, [u\p£, d¨q]$fp°,qæ$epL$p¨X$p°, D`pk_pAp° hN°f°_° ^dÆ_p° bp¸]°$l L$¸p° R>°. ƒepf° k–e, csº[, ‚°d,r_:ıhp\Æ`œ¨, rhh°L$, rh_e A_° D]$pf[p hN°f° k]π$NyZp°_° ^dÆ_p° Ap–dp L$¸p° R>°. ƒep¨D]$pf[p _ lp °e –ep ¨ k–eip°^_ L° $ r_:ıhp\Æ`Zp_p ° AhL$pi S>ºep¨ R>° ? Ap\u lz¨ A°d L$lz¨ Ry>¨ L°$ ^dÆ A°V$g° D]$pf[p. D]$pf[p kp•\u `l°gp¨ rhQpfp°_u.rhQpfp°_u D]$pf[p Aphu A°V$g° kÊe[p cZu Ap`Z° `l°gy¨ X$Ngy¨ dp¨X$Èy¨.

- Óu hpX$ugpg X$Ngu.2. Ap`Zp kprl–edp ApS>° ∆h__° ]$p°fhp_u, yfyjp\Æ_° r_rÚ[ ‚°fZp Ap`hp_u,

rhQpf_° iyŸ L$fhp_u, cph_p_° `rh” fpMhp_u A_° ‚≈_p° A_fie rhpk d°mhhp_u

isº[ flu _\u. ApS>_p kprl–e° ky]$f[p, _hu_[p, rhrh^[p A_° Qd–L©$r[_u D`pk_pQgphu R>°. k–e[p, ÿY$[p, `rh”[p A_° d¨Nmde[p_u D`pk_p ≈Z° R>p°X$u ]$uû R>°.


[°\u S|>_u cpjpdp¨ L$luA° [p° ApS>_y ¨ kprl–e "Ap·' A°V$g° L° $ rhpk`p”

f¸y¨ _\u. dpV°$ L°$mhZu_u iÍ$Ap[dp¨ kprl–e D`f `l°gp S>°hp° Ap^pf _rl fMpe.L°$mhZu_u iÍ$Ap[ lh° [p° r_funZ, ‚ep°N A_° A°_° dpV°$ S>Í$fu ›ep_ ‹pfp S> \hu≈°BA°. ‚–en L$pep£ L$fu_°, hı[yAp°_°OX$u_°, ep°S>_pAp° Adgdp¨ d|L$u_°, L$Î`_pAp°L$peÆ ‹pfp L$ku_° L°$mhZu_u iÍ$Ap[ L$fuA°, L°$ S>°\u `pepdp L$Qpi _ fl°. _bmpB

Í$ pmu _ gpN°. Ap–drhpk °]$p \pe A_° ‚kN `X$È° A°L$pL$u fl°hp_u tld[ Aph°.S>°d i¨L$fpQpe£ L$¸y¨ L°$ Arî iu[m R>° A°d L$p°B Óyr[_p kp° kp° hQ_ V$p¨L°$ [p°e° Ap`Z°ıhuL$pf[p _\u, [°d A_ych_u L°$mhZu g°_pf dpZk L$Î`_p_u ≈mdp¨ akpe _rl.

A°L$gp° flu_° Z A° L$l°i° L°$ A_ych° ApS> kyû d_° ]$Np° ]$u^p° _\u. [p° lz¨ A_ych_° iufu[° ]$Np° ]$J ? A° [p° ‚pQu_ F>rj_° `°W°$ Np∆ DW$i° L°$ lz¨ k–e_p° D`pkL$ Ry>¨, k–e^dpÆRy>¨.

3. d_yÛedp”_p° `p°[p_p `X$p°iu ‚–e° `l°gp° ^dÆ R>°. A°dp `f]°$iu_p° ‹°j _\u A\hpıh]°$iu_p° `n`p[ _\u. ifuf^pfu_u k°hp L$fhp_u isº[_° depÆ]$p R>°. A° p°[p_p X$p°iu_°dyÌL°$gu\u `lp¢Qu iL°$ R>°. `p°[p_p `X$p°iu ‚–e°_p° ^dÆ lz bfp°bf `pmy¨ [p° S>N[dp¨ L$p°Bd]$]$ rh_p ]y$:Mu _ \pe. `X$p°iu_u k°hp L$f_pf ApMp S>N[_u k°hp L$f° R>° A°d L$luiL$pe. `X$p °iu ‚–e°_p ^dÆ_y ¨ `pg_ A°V $g° S>N[ ‚–e°_p ^dÆ_y ¨`pg_. S>N[_u k°hp bu∆ fu[° Aiºe R>°; S>° `X$p°iu_° [fR>p°X°$ R>°, _° `p°[p_p ip°M_°`|f° R>° [° ıh°√R>pQpfu R>°, ıh√R>¨]$u R>°. [° L°$hm `p°[p_p dpV°$ S> ∆h° R>°. S>°_° d_ ApMy¨S>N[ Ly$Vy¨$b R>° [°_pdp¨ b^p_u k°hp L$fhp_u isº[ lp°hu ≈°BA°. S>N[_u k°hp `X$p°iu_uk°hp hX°$ S> \B iL°$.

- Np¨û∆.4. _]$u_° ≈° L$p°B D`dp R>pS>° [p° [° dp[p_u S> R>°. _]$u_° L$pW°$ fluA° A°V$g° ]y$L$pm_u [p° buL$

S> _lv. d°Ofp≈ ]$Np° ]°$ –epf° _]$u dp[p Ap`Zp° `pL$ `L$h°. _]$u_p° L$p¨W$p° A°V$g° iyŸ A_°iu[m lhp. _]$u_p L$p¨W°$ afhp >BA° A°V$g° Ly$]$f[_p dp[©hp–kÎe_p AM¨X$ ‚hpl_y¨ ]$iÆ_\pe R>°. _]$u dp°V$u lp°e A_° [°_p° ‚hpl ûf N¨cuf lp°e –epf° [p° L$p¨W$p D`f fl°_pfgp°L$p°_u ≈lp°S>gpgu A° _]$u_° S> Apcpfu lp°e R>°. kpQ° S> _]$u S>_kdpS>_u dp[p R>°._]$u_y¨ ‚kfl ]$iÆ_ \pe –epf° Ap`Z_° L°$V$gp° Ap_¨]$ \pe R>° ? _]$u Bf _\u, `f¨[yBf_y¨ ıdfZ L$fph_pf ]°$h[p R>°. ≈° Nyfy_° h¨]$_ OV°$ R>° [p° _]$u_° h¨]$_ L$fhy¨ ep°¡e R>°.

`. yı[L$ Ap yr_L$ dp_hu_° Ap_]$ Ap`_pf kp•\u Dd]$p A_° kp•\u riÙ$ kp^_ R>°. [°_p°Ap_]$ A_°fp° S> lp°e R>°. `yı[L$_u ‚isı\ L$fuA° [°V$gu Ap°R>u. dpZk_° [°_u kp\° A°hudlp°Âb[ R>° L°$ `yı[L$ kp\° [° lk° R>°, fX°$ R>°, D]$pk \B ≈e R>°, Ap_¨]$ `pd° R>°.

yı[L$_u lpS>fudp¨ `p°[p_u ≈[ kp\° hp[p° L$fhp gpN° R>°. A_° `p°[p_u ≈[_° ºepf°L$ [p°dp” `yı[L$ `pk° S> [° Myâu L$f° R>°. `yı[L$ dp_hu_° dpV°$ q]$gp°≈_ ]$p°ı[ R>°. `yı[L$A°L$ rhıdeL$pfL$ hı[y R>°. [°_° cp•r[L$ ifuf lp°e R>°. A_° [°_° Ap–dp `Z lp°e R>°.rhQpfp°, gpNZuAp°, ^bL$pf, op_, dprl[u, L¨$B L°$V$gyë këp°rS>[ \B_° [°dp¨\u `yı[L$b_° R>°. [°_u kp\° [d° hp[p° L$fu iL$p° R>p°.

6. gp°L$[”_p A_°L$ Ap^pfp° R>°. A° b^pdp ≈° L$p°B A°L$ dyøe A_° dl–h_p° Ap^pflp°e [p° [° ‚–e°L$ Ïesº[A° rhipm gp°L$kdy]$pe_p rl[dp¨ p°[p_p A¨N[ ıhp\Æ A_° gpcd°mhhp_u ◊rÙ$_° S>[u L$fhu [° R>°. ≈° Ap`Z° Ap`Zp kdN∞ Br[lpk_p rhipm agL$_yËX$[u _S>f° Ahgp°L$_ L$fuiy¨ [p°e° A° S>Zpep rh_p _rl fl° L°$ Ap`Zp ]°$idp¨ kpfp


rhQpf L$epÆ rh_p bu≈_p¨ rl[p°_p cp°N° ıhp\Æ kp^hp_u h©r—A° l¨d°ip khÆ_pi _p°[ep£R>°. _p_p dp°V$p Adg]$pfp° `p°[p_u S>hpb]$pfu ‚–e° b°`fhp R>°. ƒep¨ Sy>Ap° –epÄp°Ry>¨ L$pd L$fhp_u cph_p R>°. L°$mhZu `pd°g gp°L$p°dp¨ `Z bu≈_y¨ rl[ rhQpfhp_uh©r— ºep¨ ]°$Mpe R>° ? Ap b^y¨ ApMf° Ap`Z_° ºep¨ ]$p°fu S>i° ? Ap`Z° –ep¨ gp°L$p°_y¨fpƒe ı\`pey¨ R>°, `Z A°_° dpV°$_p° dS>b|[ `pep° _¨Mpep° _\u, A° A°L$ rhhp]$\u `f,A°hy¨ k–e R>°.

- `¨qX$[ kyMgpg∆.

7. "L$p°B dpZk_u Jdf dp°V$u lp°e [p° [°_° Ap`Z° OfX$p° L$luA° R>uA°. Aphp OfX$pAp°ApS>L$pg Ap`Zp ]°$idp¨ Ap°R>p _S>f° `X°$ R>°. R>[p¨ l∆ A°L$ ≈[_p OfX$pAp° R>°, ApOfX$pAp° L$p°Z ? _hu hı[y iuMhp_u ^Ni S>°_pdp¨\u S>[u flu lp°e [° OfX$p. A°d A°L$k¨[° L$¸y¨ R>°. Ap`Zp ]°$idp¨ Aphp OfX$pAp° ƒep¨ ≈Ap° –ep¨ _S>f° `X$i°. _p_`Zdp¨ S>°L¨$B ]•$hhip[π d˛ey¨ [° Mfy¨. dp°V$p° \B_° ^¨^° hm¡ep° L°$ `R>u "AdyL$ hı[y iuMu g°' A°dL$p°B L$l° [p° [° _ b_u iL°$. Aphu S>X$[p cZ°gp A_° NZ°gp b¨_° hNÆ_p lpX$dp¨ A_°L$hjp£_u Nygpdu_° `qfZpd° E[fu Nep S>°hu \B R>°. S>° ApS> kyû \ey¨ _\u [° lh° `R>u`Z \hp_y¨ _\u, Apd dp_hy¨ [° S> OfX$p° [LÆ$. Ap OfX$p_° A°d L°$d _\u kd≈[y¨ L°$ ApS>kyû _\u \ey¨ [°hy¨ Oœ¨ crhÛedp¨ \hp_y¨ R>° ? l° dpfp d_, ApS> kyû lz¨ dfu Nep° _\u[°\u lh° `R>u `Z dfhp_p° _\u, A°hp OfX$p [LÆ$_p° cp°N b_hp\u ∆h_dp¨ cpf° lpr_\i°.'

- rh_p°bp cph°.8. AdyL$ k]π$NyZp° A_° rkŸp[p°_° hmNu fl°. ∆h_dp L$]$u [°d_p° –epN L$fp° _rl. [°Ap°

S> [dpfp rd”p° A_° d]$]$Npf b_i°. Ap\u [dpfu ‚Nr[ \i°. R>°hV°$ ip[ kyM A_°kam[p ‚p· \i°. Ap k]π$NyZp°_° Adgdp¨ d|L$hp dpV°$ ◊Y$ r_Úe L$fp°. A_° [° dpV°$A¨N[ X$pefu fpMp°. [dpfu fp°S>_u h[ÆZ|¨L$ A_° hpZu_u _p¢^ fpMp°. Ap\u [dpfp° rhL$pk\pe R>° L°$ _rl [°_p° øepg Aphi°. [dpfu c|gp° _S>f° `X$i° S>° [d° ky^pfu iL$ip°. X$pefurd”_u NfS> `|fu `pX$u [dpfu r_bÆm[p b[phu [d_° _d∞ b_phi°. fp°S> Bf_u‚p\Æ_p L$fp° A_° [°_° Ap¨[qfL$ bm A_° ]$p°fhZu Ap`hp dpV°$ rh_¨[u L$fp°. Ap\u Ap–dbmA_° k]πNyZp°dp¨ h©qŸ \i°. Ap]$iÆ dlp–dpAp°_p ∆h_Qqf” A_° D`]°$ip°dp¨\u ‚°fZpd°mhu [° A_ykpf [dpfy¨ ∆h_OX$[f L$fp°. [dpfy¨ d_ L$]$u Apmky L°$ i|fie b_i° _rl.Dd]$p ∆h_ dpV°$ kpQp rhQpf QphuÍ$` R>°.

-ıhpdu rQ]$p_¨]$∆.

‚-4. (A) _uQ°_y¨ L$pÏe hp¨Qu, [°_u _uQ° Ap`°gp ‚Òp°_p D—f [dpfu cpjpdp¨ Ap`p°.1. TpX$hpÄ° R>pëX$p_u dp¨X$u ]y$L$p_,

^¨^pdp¨ fp°L$u R>° `p°[p_u d|X$u bû,A°V$g° L°$ kOmp¨ e° `p_.`p°[p_p° L$pfcpf Qgh° R>° TpX$hy¨L$p°Z ≈Z° L°$hp¨ L°$hp¨ dp`°.Aph_pf dp¨N° ≈° Q`V$ucf R>pëX$p°[p° Mp°bpcf R>pëX$p° Ap`°.A°_p\u h°`gp° iy¨ \pe S>°_°,


lp°e _lv ”pS>hp¨ _° L$pV$gp¨_y¨ cp_.k|fS> rh]$pe \[p gpN° k¨L°$ghpA° Apc [°d `p\epÆ `\pfp.dp¨X°$ rlkpb `X$u A°L$gy¨ [p°,hL$fpdp¨ L°$V$gpe lp°e lpiL$pfp.bp¨û g° Np¨W°$ NŒep rh_p A°,`fQ|fZ rkΩ$p S>° `¨Mu_p Np_L$p°B_° `Z \pe A°_° ]°$hpmy¨ a¨L$hp_p°,Aphi° q]$hk ApS>L$pgdp¨.ApS> gNu [p° e A°_p° h°`gp° [p°,Qpg° R>° kdS>Z_u blpf_u L$dpgdp¨,A°L$gy¨ A° TpX$ _\u g|¨V$p[y¨,Apd A°_y¨ g|¨V$p[y¨ ApMyë Mp_]$p_.

- Óu S>N]$ui Ïepk‚Òp° :1. TpX$hpÄ° ip_u ]y$L$p_ dp¨X$u R>° ? A°dp¨ L$B d|X$u fp°L$u R>° ?2. TpX$hy¨ A°_u `pk° Aph_pf_° iy¨ Ap`° R>° ?3. k|fS> rh]$pe \[p¨ TpX$hy¨ iy¨ L$l° R>° ? A°_p hL$fpdp¨ iy¨ iy¨ R>° ?4. L$rh TpX$hp_p h°`pf A¨N° iy¨ L$l° R>° ?5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

2. bp`y_u d|r[Æ_u `pk° ı\p`_p `f]°$idp¨≈Zu_° ApS> Ap_¨]$ k¨[p_p° rlfi]$ ]°$i_p,isº[ S>°_u NZu [y√R> R>L$u_° Arcdp_dp¨"_pNp° bphp°' L$lu S>°Z° L$uû [u Ahl°g_p,i˜p˜p°\u \B kà> Ak¸ isº[_° N∞lud’ep S>°_p dlphufp° b¨]$uhp_ b_phhp.ApS>° [° ]°$idp¨ \pi° bp`y_u d|r[Æ ı\p`_p,A_° ÓŸp¨S>rg kp\° Nhpi° Np_ A°d_p.≈Z° Ap dp_ bp`y_° dp_hy¨ A° S> h¨Q_pA° [p° R>° bp`ydp¨ d|[Æ k–e isº[_u h¨]$_p.Ad° kp• rlfi]$hpku_° [°_p° Ap_¨]$ R>° R>[p¨_\u A° hp[_p° NhÆ Adpfp Dfdp¨ S>fp.bpL$u ◊Ùp¨[p° Ap [p° R>° L$pg_u hæ$Qpg_yÄ°L$ h°mp _L$peyØ [° bp`y h°mp¨ ıhuL$pfhy¨.

‚Òp° :1. ApS>° rlfi]$ ]°$i_p k¨[p_p° ip dpV°$ Ap_¨]$ A_ych° R>° ?2. `f]°$iuAp°A° bp`y_u AhNZ_p L°$hu fu[° L$fu l[u ?3. `f]°$iuAp° bp`y_u L$B isº[_° _Áep ?4. rlfi]$hpkuAp°_p Dfdp¨ Ap_¨]$ R>[p¨ NhÆ ip dpV°$ _\u ?5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.


3. ≈° b° \pe, [pfy-dpfy¨ iy¨ f¨^pe ?`lpX$ KQ° ApL$pi AX°$ [p°-A°L$_° A°L$ A°L$ \pe;Tfœ¨ _uQ° MuZ ]$X°$ [p°-A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \peS>g sı\f `f ≈° L$dg Mug° [p°-A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \pe;^f[u dp_k [°S> Tug° [p°-A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \pe;ıdfZ `\° ≈° [y¨ Aph° [p°-A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \pe;Bi d_phhp S>N aph° [p°-A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \pe !

‚Òp° :1. ≈° b° \pe, [pfy¨-dpfy¨ iy¨ f¨^pe ? L$lu L$rh iy¨ L$l°hp dpN° R>° ?2. A°L$ _° A°L$ A°L$ \pe A°V$g° iy¨ ?3. L$rh ºep¨-ºep¨ Aphu A°L$[p r_lpm° R>° ?4. L$rh L$p°_u kp\° A°L$–h `pdhp T¨M° R>° ?5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

4. [pfy¨ _p, dp ! bpmL$ lp°W$,lp°hy¨ `p°`V$ `¨Mu;EX$u ≈J ºep¨L$ L$]$pr`d_dp¨ A°hy¨ T¨Mu-kpQ° kpQy¨ L$lu ]°$S>°, L¨$BfpMui _p k¨[pX$u;"`uV$Èy¨ `p°`V$Xy¨$' L$fu Ad_°`|f[ `p¨S>f°, dpX$u ?≈ dp ! –epf° ≈ ≈ _u [y¨ !D[pf Ad_° Mp°m°\u [y¨ !gpX$ Adp°_° _p L$f[u [y¨ ![pf° Mp°m° ≈ _lv fduA° ![pf° lp\° ≈ _lv S>duA° ![pfp Ofdp¨ ≈ _lv fluiy¨ !h_ hNX$pdp¨ cpNu S>Biy¨ !

- frhfi÷_p\ W$pLy$f (A_yhp]$L$ Sy>N[fpd ]$h°)‚Òp° :1. bpmL$ `p°[° iy¨ lp°hp_u L$Î`_p L$f° R>° ?2. bpmL$ dp[p_° iy¨ kpQy¨ L$lu ]°$hp_y¨ L$l° R>° ?3. Nyık° cfpe°gy¨ bpmL$ dp[p_° iy¨ L$fhp_y¨ L$l° R>° ?4. qfkpe°gy¨ bpmL$ iy¨ L$fhp dpN° R>° ?5. L$pÏe_p A_yhp]$L$ L$p°Z R>° ? A_yhp]$L$ A°V$g° iy¨ ?


5. cdp° cf[M¨X$dp¨ kL$m cp°d M|¨]$u hmu^fp[g O|dp° ºe¨lu _rl dm° Í$X$u Qp°[fu‚azâ Ly$kydp° [Zu, rhrh^f¨N, h˜°cfu,kfp°hfp°, [fyhfp°, S>mcfu _]$uAp° cmudlp°]$r^ gX$ph[u _NfbŸ L$p¨W°$ Y$mu‚]°$i `f]°$i_p klz \L$u Alv NyS>Æfu !cfu [yS> L|$M° d_p°fd rhipm gugp°[fuk]$p ˘]$e W$pf[u; Ahf L$p° _ [y¨ `° cgu._lv rldkdpr^dp¨ riMf _v]$f°, L°$ Mf°DjpL$dm_u Alv ^∞yh ‚]°$i_u gprgdp_\u, Oœ¨ _\u; `f¨[y NyS>fp[_p _pd\uk]$p kmhm° q]$g° TZ°TZ° KX$p cph\uıaf° AS>b csº[_u AQg ]$u`f°Mp, Af°gu^p° S>fid _° Nd° \hy¨ S> fpM Ap c|rddp¨.

- Q¨÷h]$_ dl°[p.‚Òp° :1. L$rhA° NyS>fp[_u Ó°õ$[p ]$ipÆhhp i°_p° i°_p° Dâ°M L$ep£ R>° ?2. L$rh NyS>fp[_p cº[ R>° A°hy¨ ip D`f\u L$lu iL$pe ?3. L$rh_u ◊rÙ$A° NyS>fp[dp¨ i°_u i°_u DZ` R>° ?4. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.5. iujÆL$ L$B fu[° ep°¡e R>° ? L$pfZ Ap`p°.

6. riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp,_rl L$p°B kp\ L°$ k¨Np\,_rl –ep¨ L°$X$u L°$ _rl hpV$,QY$hp QY$pZp° [ky [ky A°L$gp¨,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.rge° A° dpfN _f L$p°B b¨L$X$p,R>p°X$u Apm _° `¨`pm,fpMu fpd•ep° fM°hpm,L$pQu f° R>p[u_p¨ b°k° [pL$[p¨,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.QX°$ A° KQ° S>° dp¨l° X|b[p,S>°_° Ap[d_p° k¨Np\,A°_p° Tpg° lqfhf lp\,`¨X$_° M|h° [° ‚u[d `pd[p,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.

- d_kyMgpg Th°fu


‚Òp° :1. L$rh_p d[° riMfp° `f QY$hp_y¨ ip dpV°$ dyÌL°$g R>° ?2. KQp riMfp°_p dpN£ L°$hp ‚L$pf_p dpZkp° S>B iL°$ ?3. "QX°$ A° KQp S>° dp¨l° X|$bhp' A°d$ L$rh ip dpV°$ L$l° R>° ?4. Óu lqf L$p°_° d]$]$ L$f° R>° ?5. ‚u[d_° `pdhp_p° Ar^L$pf L$p°_° dm° R>° ?

7. lh° Ap lp\ fl° _p l°d !d˛ey¨ kde_y¨ kp°_y¨ `fd hpèyØ apÏey¨ [°d;lh° Ap lp\ fl° _p l°d !blz q]$_ b°ku rkhX$pÏep bk, L¶$ _hf¨Nu hpOp,kph f°idu cp[ cp[_p dlv Í$`°fu ^pNp;S>°l dm° [° ]$`ÆZ ≈°hp hZ gu^°gp° _°d !lh° Ap lp\ fl° _p l°d !cfb`p°f° cp°S>_O°_° r_[_u A° fp[p°dp¨,Oœ¨Mfy¨ A° A°d Ney¨ _° L$iy¨ L¶$L$ hp[p°dp¨;`X$Èy¨ ‚dp]°$ L$\uf \ey¨ [° ≈¡ep°°e° _rl hl°d !lh° Ap lp\ fl° _p l°d !L$]$u L$p°B_° L$pS>° _lv d¢ L$V$L$p°e A° L$p‡ey¨,Afie iy¨ ]°$[p¨ \pe Ad|gM d|Îe, _lv d¢ dp‡ey¨;f[u kfuMy¨ Ah f¸y¨ A°_p° OpV$ OX$pi° L°$d ?lh° Ap lp\ fl° _p l°d !

- r‚eL$pfi[ drZepf‚Òp° :1. L$rhA° kde_° ip_u D`dp Apù R>° ? L°$d ?2. L$rhA° kde_y¨ kp°_y¨ L°$hu fu[° hpèyØ ?3. L$rh_y kp°_y L$\uf L°$hu fu[° b_u Ney ? Apd L$l°hpdp L$rh_p° L$ep° cph Ry> pe°gp° R>° ?4. A¨[° L$rh_° iu tQ[p \pe R>° ?5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

8. Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°,lp° c°fy dpfp, Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°A°L$ dl°_[_p lp\_° TpguA°,lp° c°fy dpfp, Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°My]$_p° cfp°kp° S>°_° lp°e _lv f° [°_p°My]$p_p° cfp°kp° _L$pd;R>p° _° A° A°L$[pf° NpB NpB_° L$l°;"[pf° cfp°k°, fpd !'A° [p° Mp°Vy¨$ f° Mp°Vy¨$ r`R>pZuA°, lp° c°fy,bm_° bplzdp¨ cfu l•epdp¨ lpd dpfukpNf dp°Tpf° TyL$phuA°;Ap`Zp¨ hlpZ_p¨ kY$ _° kyL$p__°Ap`Z° S> lp\° k¨cpmuA°, lp° c°fy.L$p°Z f° Xy$bpX°$ hmu L$p°Z f° DNpf°,


L$p°Z gB ≈e kpd° `pf;A°_p° L$fh•ep° L$p° Ap`Zu blpf _lv,Ap`Z° S> Ap`Z° R>BA°, lp° c°fy.

- ‚lπgp]$ `pf°M‚Òp° :1. "[pf° cfp°k°, fpd' A°hy¨ Np_pf_° L$rh ip dpV°$ Mp°V$p° L$l° R>° ?2. L$rh L$ep kpNfdp¨, L°$hu fu[° A_° iy¨ TyL$phhp dpN° R>° ?3. "Ap`Z° S> Ap`Z° R>BA°' - kd≈hp°.4. L$rh L$p°_p° lp\ Tpghp_u hp[ L$f° R>° ? ip dpV°$ ?5. kdN∞ L$pÏe ‹pfp L$rh iy¨ L$l°hp dpN° R>° ?

9. L$prmep° Ly¨$cpf, O°f N^°X$p¨ R>° bpf,A°dp¨ A°L$ R>°L$ AqX$eg dpZ°L$Xy¨$ _pd_y¨,MX$ M|b Mpe [p°e cpf KQL$pe _rl;L$prmep_° gpN° _lv L$]$u L$ip L$pd_y¨,L$prmep° rbQpfp° L$p°qV$ D`pe rhQpf°, X$uap¨,]$ihuk dpf°, `Z dp_° S>X$ ≈[ f° ?ApMf D`pe d˛ep° A°L$ AQp_L$ ƒepf°,≈Nf ]°$Mu_° ]$p°X$Èy¨ dpZ°L$Xy¨$ M°[f° !gp¨bu A°L$ gpL$X$u_° dpZ°L$_u `uW°$ bp¨^u,gV$L$phu ]$u^p¨ Qpf NpS>f ƒep¨ dp°Mf°,gpgQ° gp°cpB_° ]$p°X°$ dpZ°L$Xy¨$ rbQpfy¨ lh°,fp°S> M¢Q° bp°S> ? `pd° NpS>f _p A°L$ f° !L$prmep_u Sy>N[\u gp°L$ blz fp∆ \pe,rhdpky¨ lz¨ dpZ°L$_y¨ ]°$Mu dp¢ ]$epdœ¨,Ap`Z° _ ]$p°X$u f¸p NpS>f_u gpgQ° S> ?L$p°''L°$ gV$L$pÏey¨ kpd° k`_y¨ kp°ldœ¨ !

- Óu rh_p°]$ A›heyÆ‚Òp° :1. L$prmep Ly$cpf_° O°f L°$V$gp N °X$p l[p ? [°dp dpZ°L$X$p_u A]$f L$ep° AhNyZ l[p° ?2. L$prmepA° dpZ°L$X$p_° ku^p° L$fhp iÍ$Ap[dp¨ iy¨ iy¨ L$eyØ ?3. A¨[° L$prmep Ly¨$cpf° dpZ°L$X$p_° Qgphhp dpV°$ iu eysº[ L$fu ?4. Ly¨$cpf_u eysº[_y¨ iy¨ `qfZpd ApÏey¨ ?5. dpZ°L$X$p_y¨ D]$plfZ d_yÛep°_° iu fu[° gpNy `pX$u iL$pe ?

10. A°L$ hmp¨L$ `f lh° Ecp° R>° L$pagp°,Alv\u S>hpe fZ [fa Alv\u _]$u [fa,Alv\u lz¨ °[ °[ L¶$ ıh‡_° gQu iLy¨$,Alv\u lz¨ ch [fu iLy¨$ - Alv\u X|$bu iLy¨$,Alv\u S>hpe nZ [fa - Alv\u k]$u [fa,Alv\u Dd¨N EX$[p¨ Ahkfdp¨ S>B hky¨,L$pmdvY$ h°]$_p_p¨ ]$fdp¨ S>B hky¨,


Alv\u lz¨ L$b∞dp¨ L°$ `R>u Ofdp¨ S>B hky¨,Alv\u S>hpe "ldZp' [fa, Alv\u L$]$u [fa,Alv\u S>hpe fZ [fa, Alv\u _]$u [fa.

‚Òp° :1. L$rh ∆h_ A¨N° iy¨ L$l° R>° ?2. L$rhA° L$ep cph‚[uL$p° Ap‡ep¨ R>° ?3. cph‚[uL$p°A° ∆h__p¨ L$ep k|Q_p° L$epØ R>° ?4. Alv\u S>hpe "ldZp' [fa Alv\u "L$]$u' [fa. ı`Ù$ L$fp°.5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

(b) _uQ°_pdp¨\u L$p°B`Z A°L$_p° Apif° ]$k guV$udp¨ rhQpf rhı[pf L$fp°.1. My]$_p° cfp°kp° S>°_° lp°e _rl,

[°_° My]$p_p° cfp°kp° _L$pd.2. A°L$ `’\fdp¨\u dm[p riÎ`_° Ap]$f dm°,

≈° dW$pfp° tS>]$Nu_° [p° S> L¨$B _Ω$f dm°.3. EN° L$dm `¨L$$dp¨ []$r` ]°$hrif° QX°$,

_rl Ly$m\u, qL$fi[y d|g dyghpe NyZp° hX°$.4. S>N[_u kp• L$X$uAp°dp¨ ı_°l_u khÆ\u hX$u.5. dp_h dp_h h√Q° Ecp AZNZ c°]$,

A° c°]$p°_p° R>°]$ DX$pX$u NS>hp° S>¨N Ac°]$.6. rkqŸ [°_° S>B hf°, S>° `fk°h° _lpe.7. rh¤p `yı[L$dp¨ A_° `f L$b≈dp¨ ^_,

cuX$ `X°$ L$pd _p'h° A° rh¤p_° ^_.8. Nd° _p i•ih° M°g, ep•h_° _p `fpæ$d,

kp^y[p _rl hp^Æºe°, Ïe\Æ [p° tS>]$Nuæ$d.9. Qlz¨ \php lz¨ e° d^yf Mug[y¨ `yÛ` _hgy¨,

`f¨[y _p B√R>p ∆h_ ∆hhp [pX$ [fy_y¨.10. cg° rkŸp¨[_p c°]$p°, S>N[_p dp_hu ≈Z°,

Adpf° Myfiu Qy¨bL$_°, _L$pdu A° Ïe\p ip_° ?11. kam[p tS>]$Nu_u _\u lp°[u lı[f°Mpdp¨,

QZpe°gu Bdpf[ _\u lp°[u [°_p _L$ipdp¨.12. tS>]$Nu_p° A° S> kpQ°kpQ `X$Op° R>° "N_u',

lp°e _p Ïesº[_° _pd bp°gpep L$f° !13. Bf X$pm° Nygpb fpM° R>°,

dpZk OJ_p° rlkpb fpM° R>°.14. kyM]y$:M [p° R>° ∆h__u d°Q,

L$p°B_p° aV$L$p° [p° L$p°B_p° L°$Q.15. ]$ep_° ]$p_ A° b°dp¨, ]$ep ]$p_ \L$u QX°$,

]$p_ ]$u^y¨, gu^y¨, c|Îep¨, ]$ep˜p°[ k]$p hl°.16. ep•h_ ip°c° R>° k¨ed\u, kp¶]$eÆ ip°c° R>° iug\u.


(L$) (1) _uQ° Ap`°gp¨ rh^p_p°_p¨ Ap`°g rhL$Î`p°dp¨\u ep°¡e D—f ip°û_° gMp°.1. fp°S> khpf° [X$L$p° T|g° i°Y$p D`f ...

- ùmp¨ ùmp¨ fpB [Zp¨ ag \B_°.- Np[p¨, fd[p¨, DX$[p¨ `¨Mu \B_°.- _uL$dp¨ MmMm hl°[p¨ S>m \B_°.

2. iugpA° A¨N∞°∆ cpjp iuMu guû L$pfZ L°$ ..- kylpk° A° dpV°$ M|b ApN∞l L$ep£ l[p°.- Óyr[ S>g]$u bp°g[p¨ iuMu iL°$ [° dpV°$ S>Í$fu l[y¨.- b¨_° bpmpAp°_p rinZ dpV°$ S>Í$fu l[y¨.

3. g°ML°$ "fy÷'_° dlpNS>ÆL$ L$¸p° R>° L$pfZ R>° ..- [° b^p ^p°^dp¨ kp•\u dp°V$p° R>°.- ≈°N_p ^p°^_u NS>Æ_pAp°dp¨ dyøe k|f [°_p° R>°.- [°_u NS>Æ_p ridp°Np kyû k¨cmpe R>°.

4. ƒep¨ k–e _ lp°e –ep¨ ..- iyŸ op_ _ S> k¨ch°.- ApTp]$u _ S> k¨ch°.- Atlkp _ S> k¨ch°.

5. L$rh_p d[° ≈° `qfj]$dp¨\u Np¨û∆ Mpgu lp\° `pR>p Aphi° [p° ..- "bp`y'_y¨ rhi°jZ `pRy>¨ gB g°hpdp¨ Aphi°.- [°d_p° rhfp°^ L$fhpdp¨ Aphi°.- ]°$ihpkuAp° A–e¨[ DdmL$p\u [°d_y¨ ıhpN[ L$fi°.

6. _preL$p_u ‚°drhãm d_p°]$ip Ap `¨sº[ ‹pfp k|rQ[ \B R>° ..- L°$ Ad_° hlpgp° [dpfp° ∆h.- Nygpbu ! L°$d L$fu ≈ip° ApL$fu f° ?- L°$ cv≈e d°X$u_u b°k[g fpZu.

7. L$ÎepZu `r[_° R>p°X$u_° ]$p]$p `pk° Aphu NB L$pfZ L°$ ..- [°_° `p°[p_p° `r[ Nd[p° _ l[p°.- ]$p]$p rh_p [° flu iL°$ [°d _lp°[u.- ]$p]$p `pk°\u L$qfephf g°hp_y¨ c|gu NB l[u.

8. Ap`Z° OZu hı[yAp°_y¨ kp¶]$eÆ ≈°B iL$[p _\u, L$pfZ L°$ ..- A° dpV°$ [L$guap° DW$phhp Ap`Z° [•epf lp°[p _\u.- Ap`Z° kp¶]$eÆ ≈°hp dpV°$ kde apmhu iL$[p _\u.- Ap`Z° Í$Y$ øepgp°\u dyº[ \B [V$ı\ A_° r_f`°n cph° kp¶]$eÆ_y¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fu iL$[p _\u.

9. Sy>dp° ]$k hjÆ_p° l[p° –epf° ..- T|¨`X$pdp¨ fl°[p° l[p°.- `Mpgu_y¨ L$pd L$f[p° l[p°.- lp\u `f b°ku_° `fZhp Nep° l[p°.

10. ErdÆgp_° riMpdZ L°$ Appk_ Ap`hp_u gˇdZ_° S>Í$f _ S>ZpB, L$pfZ L°$ ..- A°_u `pk° lh° kde S> b√ep° _ l[p°.- ErdÆgp_° ]$gugp°\u ∆[u _rl iL$pe A°hy¨ [°_° gpN[y¨ l[y¨.- ErdÆgpA° ıhe¨ `|ZÆ ^•eÆ A_° ıhı\[p ^pfZ L$fu gu^p¨ l[p¨.


11. L$rh ApMp° lp\ kmN[p° A_ych° R>°, L$pfZ L°$ ..- L$rh_u L$gd æ$p¨r[_u ApN Ap°L$u flu R>°.- L$rhA° lp\dp¨ A¨Npfp fyù L$gd `L$X$u R>°.- L$rh kS>Æ__u A¨r[d nZ° Dcp R>°.

12. NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° R> l≈f `pR>p Apù ]$u^p, L$pfZ L°$ ..- dp°[ufpd kp\° [°_° TOX$p° \B Nep° l[p°.- h°Qu ]$u^°g c¢k bu∆hpf dp°[ufpd_y¨ Of R>p°X$u `p°[p_° Ap¨NZ° Aphu l[u.- NZ`[_° R> l≈f Í$rèp Ap°R>p gpN[p l[p.

(f) (L$) _uQ° "A' rhcpN_p `p”p° kpd° "Ap' rhcpNdp¨\u kpQu Dsº[ ip°û_° gMp°.1. "A' "Ap'

1. L$piudp 1. "cpcuA° Mphp _ Ap`° A°hu L$≈[ _\u.'2. L$dy 2. "Adpfy¨ NZ[f lh° ip L$pd_y¨ ?'

3. "Np¨X$p lufp_° R>p[uA°\u AmNp° L$fp[p° _\u.'f. "A' "Ap'

1. eprd_u 1. "ApQpeÆkpl°b, Ad° `Z Ap kp¨S> ºepf°e _lv c|gue°.'2. d_y 2. "hk¨[`¨QduA° Adpfp¨ gî \ep¨ l[p¨.'

3. "]$p]$p, A°L$ if[, [dpf° hp[pÆ L$l°hu `X$i°.'3. "A' "Ap'

1. r‚ep 1. "kp¨cm, Mfpb kdpQpf Ap`hp_p R>°.'2. NZ`[ 2. "q]$s¡hS>e ? L$p°_p° ? [pfp° L°$ dpfp° ?'

3. "Np¨X$u, hu[u hp[ ep]$ _ L$fuA°.'4. "A' "Ap'

1. `phÆ[u 1. "B_° Np˛e ]$u^° Ap`Z° Í$X$p¨ _ gpNuA°.'2. NNuaB 2. "d¢ A°_° ApS> kyû dpfp\u AmNu L$fu _\u.'

3. "\vNX$p¨ dpf[p¨ lz¨ _lv \pLy¨$.'`. "A' "Ap'

1. Arcdfiey 1. "Ap [p° L¨$B d°]$ \e°gp° Q.'2. qV$qL$V$ dpı[f 2. "Aphp° L$p•fh ! R>° L$p°B ep°Ÿp° ?'

3. "Afiepe ^p°hp d\y¨ Ry>¨ ıhfL$[\u !'6. "A' "Ap'

1. ∆[ycpB 1. "\vNXy¨$ dpfu Apìp° ?'2. rS>]y$_p\ 2. "]$]$w_u sı\r[ N¨cuf gpN° R>°.'

3. "]$uL$fu [p° kpkf° S> ip°c° _° b°V$p !'7. "A' "Ap'

1. d©Zpgh[u 1. "iu fu[° Ahfp°^ \pe dyS>\u k–L$peÆ_° k°h[p¨ ?'2. ErdÆgp 2. "d¢ [d_° ∆h[p dpepÆ !'

3. "–epf° dyS> dyM `pM° iy¨ AV$ºey¨ ?'8. "A' "Ap'

1. L$pguh 1. "_p, d_° [p° [X$L$p° Nd° R>°; lz¨ [p° A°_p° Ap_¨]$ g|¨Vy¨$ Ry>¨.'2. L$pL$pkpl°b L$pg°gL$f 2. "`Z [d° kp\° lp° A°V$g° d¢ bp°Áb _pM°gp° _rl.'

3. "L°$ rbQpfu kfıh[u_y¨ iy¨ \i° ?'


9. "A' "Ap'1. L©$ÛZ 1. "S>X$ Í$` [° Q°[_ L$fp°.'2. q‹S> 2. "kp^y rh¤p rkŸ ky[mu.'

3. "[y¨ ApX°$ _ Sy>A° kdrÙ$_°.'10. "A' "Ap'

1. cZ°gp° cpB 1. "Np¨X$u, hu[u hp[ ep]$ _ L$fuA°.'2. NZ`[ 2. "^f[u L¨$B A°L$gp d_°M_p bp`_u _\u.'

3. "L|$[fp¨_° _pøe° iy¨ `yŒe dmhp_y¨ ?'11. "A' "Ap'

1. L|$L$p° 1. "A¨L$g l°T Np°V$ X$p°V$f S>ıV$ gpBL$ ey.'2. iugp 2. "gp° A°L$ O|¨V$X$p° `pZu ù_° `R>u ≈Ap°.'

3. "B_p° h°i Be cS>hu A°.'1f. "A' "Ap'

1. X$p¸pcpB 1. "l¢X$p° kpQL$gp° apmp° Ap`° R>°.'2. ∆[ycpB 2. "]$]$w_u sı\r[ N¨cuf gpN° R>°.'

3. "`p˛ey¨ L|$[fy¨ `N° hmN° [° Ap_y¨ _pd.'(M) "A' rhcpNdp¨ ]$ipÆh°g L©$r[ kpd° "Ap' rhcpNdp¨\u L$[pÆ_y¨ _pd ip°û_° gMp°.

1. "A' "Ap'1. "lz¨ [p° Qlz¨' 1. `flp _peL$2. ıd©r[c∞d 2. Ly$fi]$r_L$p L$p`qX$ep

3. d_kyMgpg Th°fuf. "A' "Ap'

1. gp°lu_u kNpB 1. rhc|[ ipl2. A°L$ A°L$fpf 2. Bf `°V$guL$f

3. Bfi]y$gpg eproL$3. "A' "Ap'

1. _Nfdp¨ Qp¨]$_u 1. fpS>°fi÷ ipl2. dpZk Mp°hpep° R>°. 2. h∞S>gpg ]$h°

3. Ìepd kp^y4. "A' "Ap'

1. f¨NgeNr[ 1. L$_•epgpg dy_iu2. `©r\huhâc L°$d 2. drZgpg ]°$kpB M¨Qpep° ? 3. ^_kyMgpg dl°[p

`. "A' "Ap'1. [¨rNey¨ 1. ipdm2. kp¨S> `l°gp¨_u kp¨S> 2. ≈°k°a d°L$hp_

3. h°ZucpB `yfp°rl[6. "A' "Ap'

1. cS> f° cS> [y¨ 1. kyf°i ≈°iu2. \vNXy¨$ 2. _ftkl dl°[p

3. Np¨û∆


7. "A' "Ap'1. Sy>dp° rcı[u 1. Np¨^u∆2. k–e A_° Atlkp 2. ^|dL°$[y

3. dp°l_gpg `V°$g8. "A' "Ap'

1. ≈°N_p ^p°^ 1. dlp]°$h ]°$kpB2. dlp]°$hcpB_u X$pefu 2. fdZcpB _ugL¨$W$

3. kyfi]$fdπ9. "A' "Ap'

1. ≈° lp°e 1. r_f¨S>_ cN[2. `p¨S>° h[_∆ Np˛ey¨ 2. Di_dπ

3. ky¨]$f∆ b°V$pB10. "A' "Ap'

1. b° gOyL$\p 1. L$pL$p L$pg°gL$f2. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe 2. dp°l_gpg `V°$g

3. Q¨÷L$p¨[ bnu11. "A' "Ap'

1. Óyr[ A_° ıd©r[ 1. dufp¨bpB2. dl°dp_p°_° k¨bp°^_ 2. Q¨÷L$pfi[ bnu

3. L$pfi[(N) "A' rhcpNdp¨_p `p” kp\° "Ap' rhcpNdp¨\u kpQu L©$r[ ip°^u_° gMp°.

1. "A' "Ap'1. Abp°gp fpZu 1. `p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey¨2. duW$udp¨ 2. [bubu ‚°qºV$k

3. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[f. "A' "Ap'

1. dp¢Oubl°_ 1. gp°lu_u kNpB2. [fy 2. L$piudp_u L|$[fu

3. [bubu ‚°qºV$k3. "A' "Ap'

1. drZi¨L$f 1. ]$uL$fp2. c|qfÓhp 2. \vNXy$

3. fZdp¨ Arcdfiey4. "A' "Ap'

1. L$pmL°$[y 1. L$piudp_u L|$[fu2. X$p¸pcpB 2. fZdp¨ Arcdfiey

3. ≈L$pfp°.`. "A' "Ap'

1. kp°fpb∆ 1. cZL$pfp2. L|$L$p° 2. ApNNpX$u_p A_ych

3. L$piudp_u L|$[fu


6. "A' "Ap'1. ÷$p°Z 1. ApNNpX$u_p A_ych2. Op°fMp°q]$ep° 2. fZdp¨ Arcdfiey

3. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[7. "A' "Ap'

1. cZ°gp° cpB 1. kdrÙ$_p k–e_y¨ lz¨ e fsÌd.2. L©$ÛZ 2. [bubu ‚°qºV$k

3. L$piudp_u L|$[fu8. "A' "Ap'

1. Np°hp° _phu 1. ApNNpX$u_p A_ych2. hgcp° 2. `p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey

3. aº[ `¨]$f rdr_V$9. "A' "Ap'

1. fOy r[ 1. ]$p]$p∆2. k°ÁeyAg lp°f 2. ErdÆgp

3. dlp]$°hcpB_u X$pefu10. "A' "Ap'

1. kyiugp 1. aº[ `¨]$f rdr_V$2. _¨]$_ 2. gp°lu_u kNpB

3. Óyr[ A_° ıd©r[11. "A' "Ap'

1. Np°du Np°fpZu 1. k–e A_° Atlkp2. frhfi÷_p\ V$pNp°f 2. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe

3. `p¨S>° h[_∆ Np˛ey¨1f. "A' "Ap'

1. S>Ω$gp]°$hu 1. gp°lu_u kNpB2. L$dy 2. Óyr[ A_° ıd©r[

3. `©r\huhâc L°$d M¨Qpep° ?13. "A' "Ap'

1. ]$g`p° 1. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe2. lqffi÷_p\ QÀ$p°`p›epe 2. cZL$pfp

3. L$piudp_u L|$[fu14. "A' "Ap'

1. r‚ep 1. [bubu ‚°qºV$k2. lkdyM 2. \vNXy$

3. Óyr[ A_° ıd©r[1`. "A' "Ap'

1. dp°[ufpd 1. fZdp¨ Arcdfiey2. rcÎgd 2. ≈L$pfp°

3. `©r\huhâc L°$d M¨Qpep° ?


(O) _uQ° Ap`°g "A' rhcpN_u L©$r[ "Ap' rhcpN_p kprl–e ‚L$pf kp\° ≈°X$p°.1. "A' "Ap'

1. cS> f° cS> [y¨ 1. Apøep_ M¨X$2. L$piudp_u L|$[fu 2. `]$

3. _hrgL$pf. "A' "Ap'

1. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe 1. kp°_°V$2. lz¨ [p° Qly¨ 2. gOyL$\p

3. ErdÆL$pÏe3. "A' "Ap'

1. R>°âp° L$V$p°fp° 1. ErdÆL$pÏe2. kdrÙ$_p k–e_y¨ 2. ‚k¨N L$pÏe lz¨e fsÌd 3. `¤ _pV$L$

4. "A' "Ap'1. `L$X$p° L$gd_° 1. NTg2. TpX$, rMkL$p°guAp°, 2. ErdÆNu[ `fp°qY$ey¨ A_° 3. _hrgL$p

`. "A' "Ap'1. ]$p]$p∆ 1. Ap–dL$\p2. kdrÙ$_p k–e_y¨ f. _hrgL$p lz¨e fsÌd 3. `¤ _pV$ÈM¨X$

6. "A' "Ap'1. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[ 1. _hgL$\p2. aº[ `¨]$f rdr_V$ 2. f°qX$ep° _pV$L$

3.`¤ hp[pÆ7. "A' "Ap'

1. A°L$ A°L$fpf 1. _hgL$\p M¨X$2. k–e A_° Atlkp 2. Ap–dL$\p M¨X$

3. tQ[_p–dL$ r_b¨^8. "A' "Ap'

1. ErdÆgp 1. `¤ hp[pÆ2. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[ 2. k¨hp]$ L$pÏe

3. M¨X$ L$pÏe9. "A' "Ap'

1. `L$X$p° L$gd_° 1. Apøep_ M¨X$2. Sy>dp° rcı[u 2. _hrgL$p

3. NTg10. "A' "Ap'

1. Apcdp¨ TuZu Tb|L°$ 1. _hgL$\p M¨X$2. A°L$ A°L$fpf 2. gp°L$Nu[

3. Ap–dL$\p M¨X$


11. "A' "Ap'1. agX$p¨ L$V$p°fu 1. _hgL$\p M¨X$2. dlp]°$hcpB_u X$pefu 2. ErdÆNu[

3. fp°S>_uiu.1f. "A' "Ap'

1. [p° ApÏep L$_° 1. kp°_°V$2. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe 2. grg[ r_b¨^

3. ErdÆNu[13. "A' "Ap'

1. [¨rNey¨ 1. ErdÆL$pÏe2. kp¨S> `l°gp¨_u kp¨S> 2. `]$

3. kp°_°V$14. "A' "Ap'

1. ApNNpX$u_p A_ychp° 1. _hrgL$p2. `L$X$p° L$gd_° 2. _hgL$\p M¨X$

3. NTg1`. "A' "Ap'

1. `ây L$eyØ [° `r[ 1. Apøep_ M¨X$2. \vNXy¨$ 2. `¤ hp[pÆ

3. _hrgL$p

(3) _uQ°_u L$pÏe `|r[Æ L$fp°.1. bpB, Ad° `L$X$u ........ Q|¨]$X$u lp° ∆.2. Ap°[f-]$MZ\u ........ Ap¨MX$u lp° ∆.3. Apcdp¨ TuZu Tb|L°$ huS>mu f° ........ _• ≈hp ]$J ApL$fu f°.4. Ap`Z° Aphm bphm ........ Ap°fy¨ A°_° `pe ∆.5. _S>fy¨ M|¨ù R>° ........ A°_p¨ f° ch_ ∆.6. `hÆ[_° _pd° ........ [ghpf [pZu [pZu.7. Ap¨ky D`f Ap ........ _pd° hpZu.

‚-5. (L$) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u kpQu ≈°X$Zu gMp°.dyÎe`”uL$p, kyÓykp, kÁ`°[f|, huflurZ, _|L$kp_, [¨rNey¨, ©s’h, kplzL$pf, Acui°L$, ‚r[r[,rèyk, qL$duep°, ∆¨]$rN, `frbX$uey¨, `fuQpfuL$p, _ukp_u, cp°duep°, r_iÂ]$, q]$hpkrm,dyMrhÆ¤p, Apiwhp]$, qfı\[u, r_dœ¨L$, rhS>mu, ıhcphuL$, Ty¨`Xy¨$, MuiL$p°gu, Ddw, N∞lı\,bugL|$g, ‚[ubvb, f–_Qv[pdZu, rS>ZÆriZÆ, Eà>X$, dyıL°$gu, Mybkyf[, d|kpafu, L$pfL$w]$u,L|$[|lg, Áey_uku`prgqV$, du_uV$, iuip°V$u, huû_urdÆ[, ^_|ıe, `yZwdp, qfk°j, lp°kùV$g,`pV$p`vX$u, ]$u¡huS>e, ÏehlpfuL$, AprS>rhL$p, hihip°, L$pd^°_|, klp_|cyr[, ıhpi’e, [uduf,A]$c|[, _u[ufu[u, `–\f, dl–hL$p¨np, ‚Qgu[, ∆opkp, Acui°L$, cy[m, d∞—uL$p, _whpZ,Ly$X°$Ly$X$, h©iL°$[|, kl˜, cyfuihp, Aı\pdp, kf`rZ, A¨[fun, Nygprb, `yfpZuL$, ]$u_QepÆ,rNfui©Np°, ^_|ÆbpZ, Ap°Qufi[y¨, h∞S>`p[, DrdÆgp, dyR>w[p, Ry>¨fi]$Zp, A¨S>gu, hupk, E›û-hgp°œ¨, L$bÆı\p_, `|_u[, R>uflcufl, A_v÷p, rS>h_kyfi]$qf, h°m|rR>`, duÀ$uL$Z, MukL$p°rg,


`fp°Y$uey¨, L$ufZT|g, Bfkp]$, _ukp_u, `¨rMV$p•L$p, Mpbp°Quey, NgyX$uey¨, Ly$[fp¨bugpX$p¨, TydLy¨$,MugMugpV$, rb_ıhpf\, kugp∆[, nu[uS>, duguV$fu, Apd”¨Z-`”uL$p, ‚[uL©$[u, ‚r[L©$r[,huƒeOp°i, [`ÚÆep, A–e¨r[L$, ]$uh°guey¨, fy[y¨klpf, JOZku, ip¨[u_uL°$[_, `[u-`s–_,‚[uõ$u[, V$pBap°X$, ‚°ºV$uk, rQhV$`yhÆL$, h_fp∆, Bfi÷ueNp°Qf, A`p]$dı[L$, AÆ^Q¨÷pL©$[u,iL$[ukpmu, ]$fuepùf, by¨]$uepm, Ly$g^dÆfu[, cy¨X$pcy¨Mfp¨, ıd∞[uc∞d, NcN©Æl, hp–ıeg,[bue[, rdÎL$[, k¨`yZ`ZÆ, hufº[u, ApecyÆdu, dopÆr_, hL©$–hiº[u, E–k|º[p, ‚peÆQu—,ivNp°X$p_ui°^L$, Ïe|–`—u, ‚Ì_p°[f, r_Ìæ$ue, A°guTpb°\, cun|Zu, ‚[u_ur^, `yZpÆl[u.

(M) (1) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u k¨r^ R|>V$u `pX$p°.rcfl, `©’hu, Ïeı[, ks√Q]$p_¨]$, r_ÛZp[, Dâpk, k¨Nu[, `h_, dlp°–kh, d_p°lf, ıhed°h,k¨kpf, ]y$ep£^_, Dfl[, k¨bp°^_, rhjd, ^_ybpÆZ, L$pfpNpf, dlp°–kh, DŸpf, ıh√R>, r_fpi,d_:‚]°$i, ]y$L$pm, D√Qpf, ‚–en, r_ÛZp[, r_Ûam, AÊepk, r_fnf, r[fıL$pf, pkp°√R>hpk,_hp°Y$p, lfufi÷, Ïehlpf, ‚r[rõ$[, r_Ûam, kd©qŸ, A_¨[, _ufk.

(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u k¨r^ ≈°X$p°.k©S>+r[, rh+Apr^, r_+E_, D—f+D—f, frh+Bfi÷, rifkπ+drZ, rh¤p+Apge,L$]$p+Ar`, Óp°+A_, ‚r[+AL$, rh+A\Æ, r_kπ(r_:)+hpZ, D]π$+S>X$, ]y$kπ+ipk_,kdπ+N∞pd, k]$p+A°h, D]π$+`p[, r_kπ+iÂ]$, D]π$+lpf, ]y$kπ+N¨^, r_kπ+pk, ‚+_°[p,A°L$+AN∞, Arc+k°L$, rQf+Apey, kdπ+[p°j, D]π$+Qpf, rh+Ahı\p, NS>+Bfi÷,kdπ+L$Î`, ‚r[+A°L$, d›e+Aå, `f+D`L$pfu, ‚r[+sı\[, k[π+ApQpf, ‚pe:+rQ—.

(N) (1) _uQ°_p kdpk_p aº[ ‚L$pf gMp°.Alr_Æi, dp-bp`, A¨^°-A¨^, ∆ZÆiuZÆ, ]$k-ApW$, Y$p°f-Y$p¨Mf, QfpQf, Np¨X$uO°gu,Aphmbphm, L$fpm-L$p°dm, kp[-ApW$, [X$L$p-R>pëX$p, _pd-r_ip_, Apbp°lhp, ]¨$`r[,^pfpkcp, L$Î`h©n, S>fidL$g¨L$, F>[yk¨lpf, ı_°lip•eÆ, q]$_QepÆ, S>NdpgZu, ^dÆtQ[p,gp°L$hpeL$p, Apd¨”Z `r”L$p, dfZ`p°L$, ]$uhp]$p¨X$u, h°myR>u`, agX$p¨-L$V$p°fu, h©¨]$ph_, tQ[p[yf,QfZfpS>, ‚`p[k¨Nu[, AM¨X$, _¨]$_¨]$_, ^dÆk¨L$V$, eyŸkà>, rdÀ$uL$Z, N]$p‚lpf, kyfp–d≈,kprl–efrkL$, r_:ı[Â^, k¨kpfk°hL$, h_dpmp, Ace, r_dÆm, `fNpd, [X$L$p L¨|`mp°,op_dp”, ÌepdhZÆ, dlp°–kh, dlpfpS>, kyep°S>_p, ∆h_ky]$fu, lu_S>fid°, ]$e yÙ$, Óp°[pS>_,Ap_¨]$^_, L©$[p`fp^, TpL$mag, kdcph, L$pmdyMp°, ]$qfep]°$h, f–_pL$f, Ace]$p, [u\ØL$f,rNqf^f, A_yS>, d_p°lf, eip°]$p, [V$ı\, ‚°d]$p, ]y$:M]$, N©lı\, `q⁄_u, `¨L$S>, ce¨L$f,`NfMy¨, rhl–ep, irih]$_u, rh^hp, _MriM, Q[ycyÆS>, Qv\f°lpg, d©N_e_u, sı\[‚o,Abmp, L$≈[, fp•‡eO¨V$p, A°L$pL$u, Q¨÷h]$_u, Aklpe, A°L$d[, `p]$”pZ, A_°L$f¨Nu,A°L$gd|qX$ey¨, r_ceÆ, kO_, A`qfrQ[.

(f) iÂ]$ kd|lp° dpV°$ A°L$ iÂ]$ Ap`p°.gp°Y$p_y¨ bpZ, Ou ùfkhp dpV°$_y¨ hpkZ, eyŸ° QY°$gu hufp¨N_p, f\ `f khpf \e°gp° ep°Ÿp°,`N\u dp\p kyû_y¨, L$]$u M|V°$ _rl [°hy¨, A°L$ bu≈dp¨ `fp°hpe°gy¨, S>°_° L$p°B i”y _\u [°, fp[_y¨cp°S>_, iÂ]$_u d|m D–`r—, h©Ÿ R>[p¨ dS>b|[ bp¨^p_y¨, S>°_y¨ iÂ]$p°dp¨ hZÆ_ _ \B iL°$ A°hy¨,`p` hNf_y¨, b° lp\_p° k¨`|V$, fp°N_y¨ r_]$p_ L$fhy¨ [°, ]$]Æ$cep£ rQ–L$pf, Llu iL$pe _lv [°hy¨,hlpZ_p° dyøe Mgpku, dX$]$p `f Ap°Y$pX$hp_y¨ L$`Xy¨$, _fp°dp¨ Ó°õ$, Mp°X$p¨ Y$p°f `|fhp_u S>¡ep,Ïehlpfy¨ op_, Npep°_p Qpghp\u DX$[u fS>, ≈Ap° L$lu_° L$pY$u d|L$hy¨, ‚°fZp Ap`_pf, AZu_°hM[°.


(O>) (1) L$[Æqf hpºefQ_p b_php°.1. fp≈-fpZu\u L$p°B_y¨ l•epapV$ Í$]$_ k¨cmpey¨.2. Sy>dp\u `pX$p_p° `N _ _uL$mu iºep°.3. Sy>hp_p°\u L$p¨B L$pmy¨L$pmy¨ [faX$[y¨ ]°$Mpey¨.4. V≤°$__p° AhpS> ı`Ù$ k¨cmpep°.5. Sy>dp\u gpL$X$u a¢L$u ]°$hpB.6. L$pbfu\u bpfZpdp¨ X$pq°L$ey¨ L$fpey¨.7. d¨Ny\u L$`X$p¨_y¨ cp_ fMp[y¨ _ l[y¨.8. gp°L$p°\u Adf[L$pL$u_° kgpl A`p[u.9. ]$uL$fp\u Ap¨Mp° g|R>pB.10. ApS>_p ]$uL$fp\u dp-bp`_u L$pm∆ ºep¨ fMpe R>° ?11. Adf[L$pL$u\u Ap Op kl_ _ \ep°.12. [p°ap_u lp°e [°_° Sy>]$p fpMhpdp¨ Aph° R>°.13. dl°dp_p°\u Op°X$pNpX$udp¨ b°ku rh]$pe \hpey¨.14. dpfp\u L$p°B_y¨ ]y$:M ≈°hp[y¨ _\u.15. dp[p\u bpmL$\u rhM|Vy¨$ `X$pe ?16. Adpfp\u kcpM¨X$dp¨ ]$pMg S> _ \hpey¨.17. ‚cpi¨L$f\u kp°edp¨ ]$p°fp° _ `fp°hpep°.18. Adpfp\u OZp ‚e–_p° R>[p¨ L$pd `|ZÆ _ \ey¨.19. Óyr[\u lphcph\u hp[p° \[u l[u.20. NZ`[\u c¢k_° _ S> dfpey¨.

(O>) (1) _uQ°_p hpºep°_y¨ k|Q_p dyS>b `qfh[Æ_ L$fp°.ñ L$dÆrZ hpºe fQ_p b_php°.

1. h_dpmu h_dpmp `l°f° R>°.2. L$Z£ ^_yÛe_p° V¨$L$pf L$ep£.3. A°hp ^dÆ_u tQ[p d¢ hjp£ ky^u L$fu R>°.4. S|>_u MMX$^S> Apdgu ”Z°e dL$p_p°_° Y$p¨L$[u.5. lz¨ Qpf° [fa ◊rÙ$ a°fhy¨ Ry>¨.6. L$piudpA° Np°m_y¨ fp°Xy$ a¢ºey¨.7. d_y TV$ ]$p°fp° `fp°h° R>°.8. lkdyM `p_ gphhp_y¨ c|gu S>[p° l[p°.9. [y¨ iugp_° Afiepe L$fu f¸p° R>°.10. d¢ bu[p¨ bu[p¨ rh_p°]$ L$ep£.11. Sy>dpA° bpfZpdp¨ `pVy¨$ dpeyØ.12. L©$ÛZ hp¨kmu hNpX°$ R>°.13. rQfpeyA° h˜ a¢L$u _ ]$u^y¨.14. Ad° L$rh[p NpB k¨cmphu.15. dpZk° `yfyjp\Æ L$fhp° ≈°BA°.16. [d° dpfu hp[ kd≈° R>p° ?


17. ‚dp°]$fpe° _S>f R>p`p D`f fd[u L$fu.18. dp°[ufpd_° NZ`[° `•kp Ap‡ep.19. ApQpe£ \p°X$u riMpdZ Ap`u.20. L$p°Z° apmp° _\u Ap‡ep° ?

(O>) (1) ‚°fL$ hpºefQ_p b_php°.1. L$piudp_u hlzAp° fpl[L$pd dpV°$ fhp_p \B.2. L$piudpA° L$pbfu_° fp°V$gp_p° VyL$$X$p° _pøep°.3. dpmuA° TpX$ `pX$Èy¨.4. L$piudp_y¨ _pL$ L$`pey¨.5. ]$uL$fp ^¨^° hm¡ep l[p.6. Ly$kyd_° ]$hpMp_° d|L$u.7. `R>u [p° _phX$u kX$kX$pV$ Qpgu.8. Óyr[ b^y¨ kdS>° R>°.9. d¢ r_ed gu^p°.10. ApQpe°Æ rh¤p\wAp°_° k|Q_p Ap`u.11. Sy>dp° pkc°f ]$p°X$Èp°.12. d_p°S>° kpeL$g Mfu]$u.13. i°W°$ _ap° L$ep£.14. Ad° Adpfp° b¨Ngp° f¨¡ep°.15. _uf≈A° L$rh[p hp¨Qu.16. NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° `•kp `pR>p Ap‡ep.17. dpfp Ap–dp_° Oœ¨ ]y$:M `lp¢√ey¨.18. dp_° bpmL$_u tQ[p \pe R>°.19. NS>fpS> _ip\u QL$Q|f bfiep° l[p°.20. d¢ f≈ dpNu.

(O>) (f) ‚Òhpºe b_php°.1. [_° `°V$ _ ApÎe° d_° L$iy¨ dmhp_y¨ _\u.2. dpfp `N_° R>pep_p° ApÓe _ S> dm°.3. bpf hjÆ_u R>p°X$u_° A°hy¨ cp_ S>Í$f Aph°.4. fX$u `X$hp\u L$iy¨ \B iL$hp_y¨ _\u.5. Ly$]$f[ ApNm b^p S> gpQpf R>°.6. blpf Mp[p afhy¨ A° N©lı\pB_p¨ gnZ _\u.7. ApS>° A°_p° bp` _\u.8. b°ku fl°hp\u ıhdp_ S>°hy¨ S> _ fl°.9. Qp°f Ap`Zp\u L$p¨B Sy>]$p° _\u.10. [y¨ `Z Ap°R>p° Sy>_hpZu _\u.11. A¨N∞°∆ ≈Z[u _ lp°e [p° L$p¨B g|¨V$pB S>hp_y¨ _\u.12. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° L$p¨B gpNZu _ lp°e.13. ^f[u L$p¨B A°L$gp d_°M_p bp`_u _\u.14. [_° ]$phdp¨ g°[p¨ d_° S>fpe hpf _rl gpN°.15. Ap`Z° b¨_° kp\° S> R>uA°.


(O>) (f) rhr^hpºe b_php°.1. [_° tQ[p _\u.2. A°hX$p° Ód `Z iu]$ L$f° ?3. A°hp `yfyj_u AX$pi° lz¨ _rl Aphy¨.4. Ap pk_u fd[dp¨ lz¨ ∆–ep° _\u.5. L|$[fy¨ L$p¨B ]|$^ ]°$hp_y¨ R>° ?6. [_° ]$phdp¨ g°[p¨ d_° L°$V$gu hpf ?7. L$pbfu dfu _\u NB.8. ≈°iu_y¨ L$l°hy¨ Mp°Vy¨$ _rl `X°$.9. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° iu gpNZu lp°e ?10. L$dy_u hp[ Mp°V$u _\u.11. A°hp ]$uL$fpAp°_° iy¨ ]$uk[p fpMhp_p ?12. Ap_p L$f[p¨ Sy>hp_u _rl lp°e [° kpfy¨.13. hlz_° lz¨ hpf¨hpf L$l°[p° _\u.14. L$g¨L$ hNf_p¨ hfkp° L$p°_u `pk° lp°e ?15. Qd–L$pqfL$ h˜_° kp¨^hp_y¨ L$pd kl°gy¨ _\u.

(Q) (1) _uQ°_p R>¨]$ Ap°mMphp°. (aº[ _pd Ap`p°)1. Ap[Æ_p]$ _ L¶$ L$u^p°, _p Q°Ù$p ı_°l_u L$iu.2. S>°Z° OX$u [° A°l_p° [p[, h˜ L$epØ'[p¨ [° [p° c∞p[.3. aäp°ıey¨ kp• afuafu A_° lp\ gp¡eyë Mpıky¨.4. [plf° TpÎe S> EQfu : "M°]$ _ L$fip° L$p°B;

k∆h_ S>°Z° L$fu, ˜u b∞p˚Z_u lp°e.5. hmphu bp Aphu r_S> kL$g k¨[p_ æ$di:.6. Alp° ! N|¨\[y¨ L$p°Z `©’hu_° k¢\° TpL$m dp°[u dpm ?7. S>° \hp_y¨ lp°e R>°, [°hu byqŸ \pe;

klpe `Z [°hu dm°, [°hp° `Z Ïehkpe.8. cdp° cf[M¨X$dp¨ kL$m cp°d M|¨]$u hmp°.9. bNgp_u X$p°L$ hp¨L$u, `p°`V$_u Qp¨Q hp¨L$u,

L|$[fp_u `|¨R>X$u_p° hp¨L$p° rhı[pf R>°.10. kdy÷ cZu D`X$Èp L$df_° L$ku f¨N\u.11. ]$u`L$_p b° ]$uL$fp, L$pS>m _° AS>hpi,

A°L$ L$`|[ L$pmy¨ L$f°, bu≈° ]$ue° D≈i.12. KX$p A¨^pf°\u ‚cy `fd [°S>° [y¨ gB ≈.13. b¨Ngp b≈f bpN S>¨Ng_u TpX$u S>°hp,

ûfS> ^fpe _rl A°hp Mphp ^pe R>°.14. kp°V$u_° rinL$p° L°$fp ipmp dp¨l° kdpNd°,

rh¤p_° h°]$_p b° d¢, A°L$ kp\° S> d°mÏep.15. b°ku MpV°$ rèfOfdp¨ tS>]$Nu ≈°B kpfu.16. L°$hu ky¨]$f ES>mu fp[, ]$uk° [pfpAp°_u cp[.17. QmL$pV$ [pfp° A° S> `Z [yS> M|__u [ghpf R>°.18. ]°$M rbQpfu bL$fu_p° `Z L$p°B _ ≈[p¨ `X$L°$ L$p_,

A D`L$pf NZu Bf_p° lfM lh° [y¨ tl]y$ı[p_.


(Q$) (f) _uQ°_p R>¨]$_p D]$plfZp° Ap`p°.1. d¨]$pæ$pfi[p.2. riMqfZu.3. A_yÙy$`.4. ©’hu.5. d_lf.6. Qp°`pB.7. ]$p°lfp°.8. lqfNu[.9. kh•ep.

(R>$) (1) _uQ°_p Ag¨L$pf_p aº[ ‚L$pf gMp°.1. cS >f° cS f° [y¨¨ c|[mdp¨.2. iiudyM kfMy¨ kyM `pk° f°.3. dyM dfL$ph° dphgX$u.4. L©$[hdpÆA° L$hQ L$p‡ey¨.5. g°i _ gu^p° grg[ Dfp°_p° Îlph ≈° !6. `¨X$_u `°V$udp¨ `pfk R>° `X$Èp°.7. X$pmuA° r[rdf X$p°qL$ey¨ L$fu [pL$[y¨ [pfp° L°$X$p°.8. eprd_u Ïep°dkf dp¨lu kf[u.9. k¨kpf_u dpep_u R>pepdp¨\u L$pep_° dyº[ L$fp°.10. L°$ lu_ S>fid° _h lu_ dp_h, L°$ lu_ L$d£ L$fu lu_ dp_h.11. iyÓ|jp kp]$u _p Ad_° AphX$u.12. kpV°$ ApS>° NpS>° Ap°Îey¨ lpgfXy¨$.13. kpd° AjpY$O_ lp°e, cu_p° cu_p° `h_ lp°e,14. hpmu OX$phy¨ rhÃ$ghf L°$fu.15. lgL$p¨ [p° `pf°hp_u `p¨M\u, Álp]°$h\u e° dp°V$p∆.16. h≈∞Op[ \ep° lp°e A°d Adf[L$pL$u akX$pB `X$Èp.17. A°_y¨ ifuf [p° ag\ue° lgLy¨$ R>°.18. ky]$pdp_p h•ch ApNm Ly$b°f [° L$p°Z dp” !19. [° L$f[p¨ "Q¨÷h]$_u' L$lu [p° ºep¨ lz¨ _° Q¨÷ A°L$ fpk° f°.20. fS>`|[pZu kpN_p kp°V$p L$f[p¨e h^y ApL$fu R>°.21. Adf[L$pL$uA° d¨Ny_° ≈[ L$f[p¨e h^y Qplu l[u.22. N¨Np_p¨ _uf [p° h^°OV°$ f° gp°g, kfMp° A° ‚°d_p° ‚hpl f°.23. duW$p d^y _° duW$p¨ d°lygp f° gp°g, A°\u duW$u R>°, dp°f$u dp[ f°.24. fp^p_p dyM `pk° Q¨÷ `Z r_Ì[°S> gpN° R>°.25. Nygpb gJ ? _p L$`p°g [y S> fÁe A°\u OZp¨ !26. L$dmL$mu \L$u L$p°dmy¨ f° bl°_u ! A¨N R>° A°_y¨.27. A°_u hpZu [p° Ad©[\u e° duW$u R>°.28. rhS>e_° R>°âu `pV$gu `f b°khp_p° ip°M R>°.29. dN_cpB dpBL$p¨Ngp° _\u. `p`X$[p°X$ `l°ghp_ R>°.30. Ap lp°riepf rh¤p\w bu≈ _¨bf_p ı\p__p L$À$f h°fu R>°.


31. ^fie R>° [dpfu blp]y$fu_° ! J]$f ≈°B_° _pW$p !32. iu [dpfu byqŸ ! fS>_y¨ NS> L$fu b°W$p !33. A° rh¤p r‚e fp≈A° L$p°`pedp_ \B_° Arh¤p_p° Qp¢V$gp° M°¨Qu _Nf blpf [N°X$u d|L$u.34. lz¨ _°” b¨^ L$fu ^|Z[p° lp°J –epf° d_° KO[p° _ kdS>hp°. A° [p° A°L$ ≈[_u kdpr^ R>°.35. g°ML$_u L$Î`_p ≈Z° df[u df[u `pR>u Aphu.36. AL$mpB `X$Èp° Ahr_ rhi°, ≈Z° cp¡ep° Q¨`p_p° R>p°X$.37. ≈Z° L$p°B Ny_p° L$ep£ lp°e [°d rhipMp_y¨ dp¢ `X$u Ney¨.38. lp\u ≈Z° fd[p° lp°e [°d k|Ÿ$ lgphu f¸p°.39. ‚dp°]$fpe cv[ kp¢kfhy¨ ≈Z° ≈°B f¸p.40. ≈Z° rhS>e \ep° lp°e [°d `pX$p° Ap_¨]$dp¨ fZºep°.41. Mf° b`p°f° fı[pAp° ≈Z° `lp°mp \pe R>°.42. O|Ofp_y¨ TydMy¨ ApMyë ≈Z° Ofdp¨ `°Wy¨$.43. bNgy¨ ≈Z° `pZu `f Tbyºey¨ R>°.44. k–e A_° Atlkp A°V$g° ≈Z° rkΩ$p_u b° bpSy>Ap°.45. ≈Z° ‚ip¨[ kpNf_p ep”u hlpZp° !46. kdX$uAp° A°V$g° ≈Z° ‚ip¨[ kpNf_p¨ ep”u hlpZp° !47. fS>`|[pZu A°V$g° fS>`|[pZu.48. fpd-fphZ_y¨ eyŸ A°V$g° fpd-fphZ_y¨ eyŸ.49. V¨$X°$gpB B V¨$X°$gpB.50. Np¨û∆ [° Np¨û∆.51. kpNf A°V$g° kpNf _° Mpbp°rQey¨ B Mpbp°rQey¨.52. ≈°N_p° ^p°^ A°V$g° ≈°N_p° ^p°^.53. dp [° dp, bu≈ b^p hNX$p_p hp.54. d_°M S>°hp d_°M_°e L$`fp° L$pm ApÏep° R>°.55. ]$p]$p∆ A°V$g° ]$p]$p∆.56. S>°hp° MpMf aÎep° apNZ_p° [°hu ]$uk° ]°$l.57. ]$uL$fpAp° `pZu_u `°W°$ `•kp° hp`f° R>°.58. iiudyM kfMy¨ kyM `pk°.59. [°_y¨ lpıe A–epf° `Z k]$p_p S>°hy¨ dp°lL$ l[y¨.60. Mpfhp_p° d_kp ]°$l Ap kphgu S>°hp° ≈Œe.61. L$põ$_u `|[mu S>°hu Ecu ı[Â^ b_u flu.62. Qp¨]$p° lp°e [p°e° hpku fp°V$gp_p L$L$X$p S>°hp° ºep¨L$ `X$Èp° lp°e.63. ag kdp¨ Ad l•$X$p¨ [d° gp°Y°$ OX$Èp, bp`y.64. d©Zpg Np¨X$p_u dpaL$ ≈°B flu.65. dy¡^ L$fiep S>°hu _]$u k|eÆ‚L$pidp¨ ı_p_ L$f[u l[u.66. ag_p° `R>°X$p° Ap°Yy¨$ ‚°d OpV$X$u f°.67. bp_p dp¢ `f ip°L$_p¨ hp]$m R>hpB Nep¨.68. agX$p¨-L$V$p°fu N|¨\u gph S>NdpgZu f° bl°_.69. fp°d‹pf° keyØ h°N° fº[ hpqf–h `pd[y¨.70. h°]$_p_p° L$pmdvY$ `’\f A°_u R>p[u `f\u Mku Nep°.


71. fp•‡e° O¨V$p Alp° hpNu, EOX$Èy¨ dyM ApMf°.72. b¨_°_p dp¢ D`f ip°L$_p¨ hp]$m R>hpe°gp¨ l[p¨.73. Ap Np¨X$p lufp_° R>p[uA°\u AmNp° L$fp[p° _\u.74. Aûfp OV$X$p_p° Op°X$p° \_N_°.75. d°O `f d°O_p X$p°g[p X$y¨$Nfp.76. [y¨ rh_p i¨cy ! L$p°Z ùi° T°f ]$p°Z° !77. Ecu_° L$pg tk^y_° [uf b≈h° b¨kfu cÏe kyûf.

(S>$) (1) _uQ°_p Í$qY$‚ep°N_p° A\Æ Apù, A\Æ_u ı`Ù$[p \pe [°hp hpºedp¨ [°_p° ‚ep°NL$fp°.rQ— qQfphy, Ap¨Mp° W$fhu, [X$L$p¨-R>pëX$p ≈°hp, dp¢ X$u S>hy, L$p_ dp¨X$hp, ∆h QNX$p°m°

QX$hp°, V$pY$L$ hmhu, L ¨W ° $ $c|≈Ap° fp°`hu, `_pf° `X$hy¨, [ghpf [pZhu, l•epdp¨ ^∞pkL$p° `X$hp°,kdkdu S>hy¨, `pfpeZ L$fhy¨, Ap°Ry>¨ Aphhy¨, l•ey¨ L$L$mu EW$hy¨, Ap¨M dmu S>hu, Ap¨M W°$fhhu,Mp° c|gu S>hu, bp∆ ^|mdp¨ d°mhhu, hpfu S>hy¨, MpX$p_u ^pf° Qpghy¨, `°V$ Ap`hy¨, h«>$`p[\hp°, Í¨$hpXy¨$e _ afL$hy¨, _pL$ S>hy¨, Apc [|V$u `X$hy¨, ∆h[f ^|m lp°hy¨, c°]$ `pdu S>hp°, [m° D`f\B S>hy¨, b∞˚p¨X$_p° cpf W$ghpB S>hp°, ∆c _ D`X$hu, d_dp¨ Np¨W$ `X$u S>hu, hlpf° ^phy¨, ]$ip b]$gphu, Apm`¨`pm L$fhu, Ap¨Mp°dp¨ Tmlrmep¨ Aphu S>hp¨, L$fd aV°$gp¨ lp°hp¨,hMp_p dpepÆ, NfS> kpfhu, bp°gbpgp lp°hu, _øMp°]$ S>hy¨, d_dp¨ hkhkp° flu S>hp°,

(S>$) (f) _uQ°_u L$l°h[ kd≈hp°.(1) `pfL$u dp S> L$p_ hv °,(f) A°L$ kpûA° –ep [°f [|V°$,(3) dp°f_p HX$p¨ Qu[fhp¨ _ `X°$,(4) `pZu `l°gp¨ `pm bp¨^hu,(`) ]y$L$pmdp¨ Ar^L$ dpk,(6) kp`_° O°f `fp°Zp° kp`,(7) L|$hpdp lp°e [p° lhpX$pdp¨ Aph°,(8) bp¨û d|W$u gpM_u,(9) DS>S>X$ Npddp¨ bpS>° (hpN°) Y$p°g,(10) i°W$_u riMpdZ Tp¨`p kyû.

(T$) (1) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p èpeÆhpQu iÂ]$p° gMp°.eprd_u, cufy, hky fp, ky p, kfp°hf, `’\f, ]y$Ìd_, `N, ıh√R>, `fpæ$d, ka°]$, lp\, kp°X$d,cf\pf, gp¨R>_, rhjp]$, d©]y$, dpfy[, Q¨÷, r_^_, Apfp°, Qny, Ahkf, bpZ, ]•$–e, [pkuf,k¨L$Î`, [p°Mpf, rhj, grg[, bphfy, A_fie, d©N, [sº[, Arî, L$dm, r_f¨[f, A_l]$,A¨^L$pf, ArMg, DQpV$, Dà>X$, L$pep, qL$fZ, r__p]$, `pdf, `p]$”pZ, hpqf, ùX$p, kqf[p.

(T) (f) _uQ°_p [m`]$p iÂ]$p°_p riÙ$Í$` gMp°.L$mS>N, Np°S>, _L$f, Ap°[f, d_°M, [pL$X°$, R>p°X$u, Q¨–ep, dgL$, ‚pNX$, f[_pNf, cp°Xy¨$, `p°M,hphX$p°, lpgfy¨, _ud, Apbp°L$pf, ]$MZ, hfl, k¨^p¨, NgY°$fp¨, L$h°Z, kp¨cfZ, `y_B, h°g°fp,]$_, Ac°dp_, ]$pN^f, dpZl, fMp° y, gNZ, ]$p°ep°, ≈[fp, Y|$LXy$¨, [•Z, r_dpœ¨, Sy>sº[, hM,

|[f, Sy>lpf, Ly$h°g, Q¨]$f, dyYy$, fMp° y, A[pf, dp°M, aL$f, k[S>N, hpg°ifu, bp°_.


(V$) _uQ° Ap`°gp hpºe_y¨ rhÔg°jZ L$fp°.1. blpf\u gp°lu _uL$˛ey¨ _ l[y¨ `Z A¨]$f dpf hp¡ep° l[p° A_° A° b°lp°i \B NB l[u.2. A°_u ÓhZ isº[ `pR>u Aphu ≈e [p° ApMu kdıep_y¨ r_fpL$fZ \B ≈e.3. ‚dp°]$fpe_p° ıhcph `Z A°hp° L°$ A° kp•_y¨ L$pd L$fu R|>V$[p.4. ]$uL$fp° \B_° ApV$gy¨ lz¨ _ L$fu iLy¨$ [p° dpfy¨ ∆h[f ^|m R>°.5. kylpk_° A° f¨S> OZuhpf f¸p L$f[p° L°$ iugp A¨N∞°∆ [ÿ_ ≈Z[u _\u A°V$g° byqŸ_u

blz hp[p° \B iL$[u _\u.6. A°L$hpf fk°hp° R|>V$Èp° A°V$g° R>u A°hp° [p° Ap_¨]$ Aph° L°$ ≈Z° [mphdp¨ _lp[p lp°BA°.7. A°L$ ≈°iuA° cpøey¨ l[y¨ L°$ Aph[p dpNif drl_pdp¨ A°_u ]$ip b]$gpe R>° A°V$g° kpfy¨

\B S>i°.8. L$·p_° kp•_° Appk_ Apù L$¸y¨ L°$ [p°ap_ [uMy¨ l[y¨ [p° `Z [°_p L$f[p¨ h^pf° [uMp¨

[p°ap_p°_p° A°_° A_ych l[p°.9. `phÆ[u X$p°iu ∆h[p l[p –epf ky u [p° blpf S>hp_p° hM[ \pe L°$ [f[ `pZu_p° ‡epgp°

gB lpS>f fl°[p.10. dp°[ufpd afu\u c¢k_° ]$p°fu S>hp ApÏep° –epf° Ly$hf° NZ`[ kpd° ≈°ey A°V$g° [° Ap°fX$pdp¨\u

`•kp gB ApÏep°.11. b° ”Z `p_p¨ Apd[°d a°fhu_° `R>u A°dZ° R>p`y¨ d|L$u ]$u^y¨ A_° ApfpdMyfiu D`f dp\y¨

Y$pmu f¸p.12. S>°d S>°d A° dp°V$p° \[p° Nep° [°d [°d h^pf° _° h^pf° ]°$MphX$p° \[p° Nep°.13. `p¨Q hjÆ `f Apd bfiey¨ lp°[ [p° L$iy¨ \B iL$[ _rl.14. S>°Z° kp¨c˛ey¨ [° ^pB ApÏep¨ A_° ApÏep¨ [°hp¨ lbL$u Nep¨ L°$d L°$ Adf[L$pL$u d¨Ny_u

_p[dp¨ hV$gpB Nep¨ l[p¨.15. k–e _pd S> `fd°f R>° [°\u S>°_° S>° k–e cpk° [° ‚dpZ° [° h[£ [°dp¨ ]$p°j _\u A°V$gy¨

S> _rl `Z [° S> L$[ÆÏe R>°.16. lp\u gpg Ap¨M hX°$ _NfS>_p°_° r_lpmu f¸p° l[p° A_° \p°X$u \p°X$u hpf° k|Ÿ$ lgphu_° [\p

AhpS> L$fu_° `p°[p_p° Nyıkp° ≈l°f L$f[p° l[p°.17. Sy>dpA° Qpf° [fa A°L$ r_fpi ◊rÙ$ a¢L$u `Z L$p°B ]°$Mpey¨ _rl.18. lz¨ dp \B_° QpL$fu _ L$fu iLy¨$ [p° ]$hpMp_phpmp_° iu gpNZu lp°e ?

(W$$) (1) ep°¡e `]$æ$ddp¨ Np°W$hp°.1. Ny_p° lp°e `X$u [°d L$p°B dp¢ L$ep£ L$piudp_y¨ Ney¨.2. l≈f R> NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° A°_° Í$rèpdp¨ h°Qu l[u.3. ApMu V≤°$_ `f \B_° h°œ Qpgu NB.4. [°_° fp∆ S>° L$f[y¨ li° A°_u QpL$fu `Z L$fuiy¨.5. lz¨ f°idu dpV°$ Ap`y¨ A°L$ h˜ A°_° Qd–L$pfu Ry>¨.6. ]$uL$fp° dm[p¨ `” Aphu `f¨[y `lp¢√ep°.7. k¨[p_p° rkhpe Adf[L$pL$u_° ”Z d¨Ny l[p¨.8. lz¨ e cfu ]$J gph dpV$gpdp¨ –epf° cp¨Nu_° Np°m.9. c¢k `kfphhp D`f_u ùW$ lp\ gpNu Ly¨$hf.10. A^pÆ ‚cpi¨L$f° b° `p__p M|b cpN L$pm∆\u L$epÆ.


11. dpfu d¨Ny_u gp°lu_u kpQu kNpB Mfu dp –epf° flz¨ b_u.1f. `©r\huhâc `©r\hu Ncfpe [p° ≈e fkp[g.13. f°g_p h√Q° b° `N Nep° Aphu `pV$p_u `pX$p_p°.14. kp¶]$eÆ `Z cph_pN[ ApMf° hı[yN[ _\u k|N R>° L$°.1`. k–e _ S> iyŸ _\u op_ k¨ch° –ep¨ ƒep¨.16. bpfœ¨ A^M|gy¨ Nmu \B `°gy¨ d¨Ny_° Ney¨.17. kflpV$p° `R>u Nep A°_p Ofdp¨ Nep° A°L$ R>hpB.18. M|bk|f[ gpN° R>° Mf°Mf bp°g_pfu A¨N∞°∆ R>p°L$fu.19. ]y$r_epdp¨ [L$]$ufhpmp Ap dpZkp° L°$V$gpL$ lp°e R>° Mf°Mf.20. L$pfdu c°]$u flu d©Zpgh[u_u Quk NN_.21. iL$[p° _øMp°]$ _\u L$pY$u [p°e Mpfhp_y¨ Ap.2f. ]$hp S>hy¨ _p_`Zdp¨ `N° g°hp DOpX°$ hpf A°L$ `X$Èy¨ l[y¨.23. rhS>e ]°$MpX$i° dpfp° [pfp° lp\u ldZp¨.24. lz¨ l[u Alr_Æi T¨M[u klhpk [dpfp°.

(W$) (f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p rhfyŸp\Æ iÂ]$p° gMp°.iyL$_, kS>Æ_, Ap÷Æ, Apsı[L$, Apksº[, Apfp°l, fie|_, ]y$hp, rhj, r_fnf, L$fpg, NdNu_,kdrÙ$, hpd_, kn° , S>Nd, r_L$pk, Aiº[, L$S|>k, L$r_õ$, D`sı\[, r_dp£l, ≈L$pfp°, rhS>e,kp•Áe, r_]Æ$e, Adf, L©$[o, A °np, t_]$p, Ïee, dl°dp_, ‚pQu_, `[_, ip`, kep°N, ^hg,`R>p[, h°f, D—d, r_fpde, `fpû_,d|L$, ip[.

(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p rhi°jZ b_php°.©’hu, `qfhpf, rhfl, Ïesº[, kd ÆZ, dNg, _ur[, Ap°S>k, L©$ p, khÆ”, Br[lpk, dp_, l°[,

[©jp, Ïehı\p, `pZu, ‚[p`, `funp, dp°l, [dk, r_Úe, B√R>p, |≈, Npd, Í$`, LyyVy$b,Arc_e, nZ, k¨b¨^, d|g, ‚k¨N, ‚pf¨c, rhı[pf, fpÙ≤$, `yfpZ, hjÆ, np°c, r_ed, i¨L$p,]$qfep°, f¨N, n°”.

(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u cphhpQL$ köp b_php°.cº[, fp∆, kd\Æ, D]$pku_, `yfyj, Ar[r\, i|f, dp_hy¨, _p_y¨, DX$hy¨, rh^hp, ıh√R>, [•epf,kp]y$, ûf,ip°jhy¨, ıhı\, QmL$hy¨, Tp¨My¨, DrQ[, Np¨Xy¨$, _uQy¨, Nyfy, D]$pf, kÊe, q]$Ïe, Ap[yf,ıhpdu, riiy, dmhy¨, _hfy¨, [pSy>¨, `¨qX$[, ‚cy, ]$u_, cp°my¨, ≈Nhy¨, bl°fy¨, L$Î`hy¨, i”y, ìy,`|ZÆ, h^hy¨, h–kg.


NySfp[u (001) - _d|_p_p ‚Òp° / D—fp°‚$-$1 (A) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. h°œ_° bQphhp Sy>dpA° L°$hp `∞e–_p° L$epÆ ?

S>. A°L$ hM[ Sy>dp° A_° h°œ¨ hl°gu khpf° MyÎgu S>¡epA° afhp Nep Sy>dp_° A°d L°$ h°œ¨

\p°Xy¨$ Qfu g° [p° kpfy¨ A°V$g° Sy>dpA° h°œ_° \p°Xy¨$ Qfu g°hp L$¸y¨ `Z blpf Mp[p¨ afhy¨ [° L$p¨B

"N©lı\' _p gnZ R>° ? A°d dp_u h°œA° A°L$ [ZMgy¨ Opk `Z _ Mp^y¨ A°V$g° "Qpg O°f

[_° `Z gpX$ L$fhp_u V°$h `X$u R>°' A°d L$lu h°Zy_° Qpg[p° L$ep£. h°œ¨ ≈Z° `p°[p_p° rhS>e \ep°

lp°e [°d ]$p°X$hp gp¡ep°. ]$p°X$[p¨-]$p°X$[p¨ f°Îh°_p `pVp° QX$u Nep°. –ep¨ AQp_L$ f°Îh°_p b° `pV$p_u

h√Q° [°_p° `N akpB Nep°.

h°œA° `pV$pdp¨\u `p°[p_p° `N L$pY$hp M|b `∞e–_ L$ep£ `Z S>°d L$pY°$ [°d h^pf° akp[p°

Nep°. Sy>dp° Ôhpkc°f ]$p°X$u h°œ_p° `N L$pY$hp Apd-[°d dQL$p°X$ep° `Z `N _uL$˛ep° _rl.

khpf_p afhp_p ip°Mu_ A°hp b° eyhp_p°_° ≈°B [°_u pk° ]$p°X$u S>B_° h°œ_p° N L$pY$hp rh_¨[u

L$fu "[y¨ ]$p°X$ A_° apV$L$hpmp_° L$l° ' [°d L$lu_° b¨_° Qpg[p \ep. _∆L$ Aph[u NpX$u_u rkkp°V$u

kp¨cmu_° Sy>dp° T`pV$pb¨^ rk¡_g_p [fa ]$p°X$ep°. A_° apV$L$hpmp_ÿ bpfœ¨ gp[ dpfu_° Mp°Îey¨

A_° d]$]$ dpV°$ rh_¨[u L$fu `f¨[ÿ A¨]$f\u S>hpb d˛ep° "cpB L$p°B dpZk Of° _\u' ApMf°

l[pi \B_° "ep `fhf q]$Npf' L$lu h°œ_u Np°]$dp¨ `p°[° cfpB Nep°.

f. d¨Ny_° ]$hpMp_° d|L$[u hM[° Adf[L$pL$uA° L$f°gu cgpdZp° A_° A° ‹pfp `∞NV$[ÿ [°d_ÿ

hp–kÎe hZÆhp°.

S>. "gp°lu_u kNpB' _hrgL$pdp¨ Bf `°V$guL$f° d¨Ny `∞–e°_p Adf[L$pL$u_p A`|hÆ

hp–kÎecph_y Apg°M_ L$eØyÆ$ R>°.

Adf[L$pL$u Np¨X$u ]$uL$fu d¨N|_° _ R|>V$L°$ Np¨X$p_p ]$hpMp_° d|L$hp ≈e R>° –epf° [° d¨Ny_u

kpfhpf L$f_pf X$p°L$V$f, d°V$≤_ A_° `qfQpqfL$pAp°_° gpNZucfu A_°L$ cgpdZp° L$f° R>°.

[°dZ° d°V$≤__° L$¸y¨ L°$ d¨N|_° kp¨S>° hpmydp¨ fp°V$gp° A_° ]|$^ Ap`≈°. ]|$^ _p lp°e [p° ]$pm

Ap`≈° A_° buS>° ”uS>° q]$hk° ]$lv Ap`≈°, S>° h^pfp_p° MQÆ \i° [° Ad° Apùiy¨. A_°

QpL$fu L$f_pf_° `Z fp∆ L$fuiy¨. Ap D`fp¨[ [°dZ° L$¸y¨ L°$ d¨Ny_° [°_u `pk° b°ku_° MhX$ph≈°.

[°_° TpX$p° `°ipb_y¨ cp_ fl°[y¨ _\u. fp”° [°_° b°-”Z hpf L$`X$p¨ b]$gph≈°, _rl [p° hpey \B

S>i°. Qpgy b—uA° [°_° KO Aph[u _\u, [°\u b—u b¨^ fpM≈°°. bu≈ L$p°B [p°ap_u ]$]$wAp°

[°_° dpf° _tl [°_y¨ `Z ¬ep_ fpM≈°.

Apd, cp°mp¨ Adf[L$pL$uA° ]$uL$fu_u dd[p_° hi \B_° ]$hpMp_p_p L$dÆQpfuAp°_°

A_°L$ cgpdZp° L$fu.

NySfp[u (001)/rhcpNñ2/_d|_p_p ‚Òp° - D—fp 32

3. Óyr[_° kyMu L$fhp dpV°$ kylpk A_° iugpA° L$f°gp `∞epkp° hZÆhp°.

S>. kylpk A_° iugp Óyr[ `f A`pf ı_°l hfkph[p l[p. A°L$hpf Óyr[_° V$pBap°BX$ \ep°.

V$pBap°BX$_u ]$hpAp° Nfd `X$[p¨ L°$ A°_y¨ qfA°L$i_ Aph[p¨ Óyr[_u ÓhZiqL$[ Qpgu NB. [°

bl°fu A_° d|¨Nu b_u NB. kylpk A_° iugp_p kyMu k¨kpfdp¨ Ap `l°gp° `X$L$pf d˛ep°.

[°dZ° Aphu `X°$gu `qfsı\r[_p° tld[\u A_° ◊Y$ d_p°bm\u kpd_p° L$fhp_y¨ _Ω$u L$eyØ.

OZp kpfp XpµL$V$fp° `pk° Óyr[_° Q°L$-A` L$fpÏey¨ `f¨[y Óyr[_p bl°fp`Zp_p° L$p°B BgpS> \ep°

_rl, R>[p¨ rl¨d[ lpepÆ _rl A_° A°d_p Ly¨$Vy¨$bdp¨ Óyr[_y¨ kyM A°L$ Q°g°fiS> b_u Ney¨.

[°dZ° Óyr[_° bl°fpAp° dpV°$_u A¨N∞°∆ dp¬ed_u A°L$ ipmpdp¨ ]$pMg L$fu. Óyr[_p

rinZ dpV°$ kylpk rhi°j ¬ep_ Ap`hp gp¡ep°. A_° p°[p_p° kde Óyr[ pR>m h^pf° Npmhp

gp¡ep°. b^pA° S> [°_u kp\° A¨N∞°∆dp¨ bp°g° [° S>Í$fu lp°hp\u iugpA° `Z A¨N∞°∆ iuMu

gu^y¨. [° `Z Óyr[ kp\° A¨N∞°∆dp¨ hp[Qu[ L$f[u \B NB. Apd kylpk A_° iugpA° A°d_p

∆h_dp¨ Aph°gp° ‚\d `X$L$pf Tugu gu^p°. A_° `p°[p_p\u b_[y¨ b^y¨ S> Óyr[_° kyMu L$fhp

dpV°$ L$eyØ.

4. 'k–e' A_° "Atlkp' rhi°_y¨ Np¨û∆_y¨ tQ[_ ı`Ù L$fp°.

S.> "k–e' A_° Atlkp' S>°hp b¨_° iÂ]$p°_p° rhriÙ, Ïep`L$ A_° E¨X$p° A\Æ ]$ipÆÏep° R>°.

kpdpfie fu[° Ap`Z° hpZu_y¨ k–e A\pÆ[π "kpQy bp°ghy¨' A°hp° k–e_p° A\Æ L$fuA°

R>uA°, Np¨û∆A° k–e_p° Ïep`L$ A\Æ L$fu b[pÏep° R>°. rhQpf, hpZu A_° h[Æ_ ”Z°edp¨

k–e lp°e [° S> Mfy¨ k–e L$l°hpe. Np¨û∆_p d[ dyS>b "k–e' iÂ]$ "k[π dp¨\u' E[fu

ApÏep° R>°. k[π A°V$g° lp°hy¨, lp°hp`œ¨. A°V$g° `fd°f "k–e' R>°. A°d L$l°hp L$f[p¨ 'k–e' A°

S> `fd°f R>°. A°d L$l°hy¨ h^pf° ep°¡e R>°. S>ep¨ k–e R>° –ep¨ iyŸ op_ R>°. S>ep¨ k–e lp°e,

op_ lp°e, –ep¨ Ap_¨]$ S> lp°e, ip°L$ lp°B iL°$ _rl, k–e ip[ R>° [°\u Ap_¨]$ `Z ip[ S>

lp°e [°\u Bf_° 'ks√Q]$p_¨]$' L$l°hpdp¨ Aph° R>°. A°L$ ÏeqL$[_y¨ k–e bu∆ ÏeqL$[_y¨ Ak–e

`Z lp°B iL°$ Ap rh_p gp°L$p° `fd°f_° Sy>]$p¨-Sy>]$p¨ Í$`° Sy>A° R>°. [°\u S>y]$p¨-Sy>]$p¨ gp°L$p°_y¨

k–e `Z Sy>]y¨$-Sy>]y¨$ lp°B iL°$. k–e_u Apfp^_p `fd°f_u Apfp^_p kdp_ R>°.

kpdpfie fu[° Apd S>_[p tlkp_p° A\Æ ∆htlkp L$f° R>°. Np¨û∆ "tlkp' iÂ]$ `f

‚L$pi `pX$[p L$l° R>° L°$ - "k–e_° ]|$ch_pfu Ly$V$hpZu, b|fp rhQpf L$fhp L°$ d_, hQ_, L$dÆ\u

bu≈_y¨ byfy B√R>hy¨ L°$ L$fhy¨ A° `Z A°L$ fu[° tlkp_p S> kyˇd $Í$`p° R>°. Afie_y¨ Apr\ÆL$ ip°jZ

L$fhy¨ L°$ bu≈_y¨ R>u_hu g°hy¨ A° `Z tlkp S> R>°. Ap kOmp Ar_Ù$p°_y¨ ApQfZ _ L$fhy¨ A°_y¨

_pd Atlkp, Atlkp rh_p k–e_u ip°^ Ak¨crh[ R>°. k–e A_° Atlkp A°L$bu≈\u R|>V$p

`pX$u iL$pe _rl. k–e A_° Atlkp A°L$ rkΩ$p_u b° bpSy S>°hp R>°. Np¨û∆_p d[° k–e

kp›e R>°. Atlkp kp^_ R>°. kp^__p° L°$hu fu[° Dèp°N L$fhp° A° Ap`Zp lp\_u hp[ R>°. dpV°$

Atlkp A° `fd ^dÆ R>°. Apd Np¨û∆A° Atlkp_p° Ïep`L$ A\Æ L$ep£ R>°.


`. g°ML$_p d[° D_pmp_p q]$hkp° fdZue iu fu[° lp°e R>° ?

S>. h°]$dp¨ D_pmp_p b`p°f_° qiL$pfu L|$[fp_y¨ Í$`L$ Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°. [° ApL$pidp¨ ]$p°X°$

R>°. A_° [°_u ∆cdp¨\u S>hpmp _uL$m° R>°.

`f¨[y "d›eplπ__y¨ L$pÏe' r_b¨^dp¨ L$pL$p L$pg°gL$f D_pmp_p q]$hkp°_° Sy>]$u S> fu[° dpZ°

R>°. d›eplπ__p° [X$L$p° |f≈°idp¨ X$[p° lp°e –epf° ApL$pi_y¨ k¶p]$eÆ dpZhpgpeL$ lp°e R>°. c¢kp°

S>°d ]|$^ ]°$[u hM[° Ap¨Mp° dvQu_° r_:ı[Â^ Ecu fl° R>°. [°d ApL$pi [X$L$p_u k°fp° R>p°X$[y¨ S>

fl° R>°. D_pmpdp¨ ApL$pi Qp°øMy¨ lp°e R>°. A°dp¨ hp]$mp° L°$ Q¨÷ lp°[p _\u. L$]$pQ Q¨÷ lp°e [p° [°

hpku fp°V$gp_p Vy$$L$X$p S>°hp°, L$ep¨L$ `X$ep° lp°e. b^°S> ip¨[ fk a°gpe°gp° S>Zpe R>°. D_pmp_p

q]$hkp° A_° b`p°f fdZue lp°e R>° [° fdZue[p `pfMhp_u Ap¨Mp° ≈°BA°.

`h_ [X$L$p_u gl°S>[ pfMu_° [°_p° Ap_¨]$ g|V°$ R>°. [° d_dp°∆ b_u_° _]$uAp°, V°$L$fuAp°,

kdy÷ A_° fZ b^°S> rhlpf L$f° R>°. kdX$uAp° `Z [X$L$p_p fkdp¨ Ap_¨]$ dpZ° R>°. A_°

ApL$pidp¨ QL$fphp g°[u lp°e R>°. ≈Z° `∞ip¨[ kpNf_p¨ ep”u hlpZp°, khpf A_° kp¨S> L$f[p

b`p°f° ApL$pi_p° f¨N L¨$BL$ Ap°R>p° lp°hp\u S> b`p°f_p° [X$L$p° h^y¨ cÏe gpN° R>°. Qp°d°f a°gpe°gp

qaΩ$p ApL$pidp¨ `p[mp¨ hp]$mp° Aphu ≈e [p° k¨N°dfdf_u ip°cp S> ≈°Bgp°.

6. ≈°N_p Ly$g ^p°^p° L°$V$gp R>° ? L$ep-L$ep ? ]$f°L$_p° V|¨$L$p° `qfQe L$fphp°.

S. "kyfi]$fd° "≈°N_p ^p°^' `∞hpk hZÆ_dp¨ ”Z ^p°^_y¨ Apıhp¤ hZÆ_ L$eyØ R>°. L$ZpÆV$L$dp¨

hl°[u ifph[u _]$udp¨\u gNcN _hkp° aV$_u KQpB\u `X$[p° N°fk‡`p_p° ^p°^ ≈Zu[p° R>°.

[°_y d|m _pd "≈°N_p° p° ' R>°. ky]$fd° Ap p° _u rhi°j[pAp°_y ky]$f hZÆ_ L$eyÆ R>°. KQpBA°\u

[°_p `X$[p `pZu_p° ]|$f A_° _∆L$\u k¨cmp[p Ahp≈° A_° [°_p DR>m[p S>m\u fQp[p

f¨Np°_y¨ Bfi]$≤^_yj B–epq]$_y¨ "≈°N_p ^p°^' _pd_p ‚hpk g°M_dp¨ L$pÏede hZÆ_ L$eyØ R>°. [°_p

‚\d ]$iÆ_\u dy¡^ \B [°dZ° L$¸y¨ "Ad° bû Brfi÷ep°_u iqL$[ A°L$gu Ap¨M_°S> Apù

]$uû.'

ifph[u [°_p dpNÆdp¨ Aph[u l≈f°L$ aV$ E¨X$u MuZdp¨ `X°$ R>°. Alv [°_p° ‚hpl Sy>]$p-

S>y]$p Qpf ap¨V$pdp¨ hl¢QpB ≈e R>°. A_° ^p°^_y¨ ıhÍ$` ^pfZ L$f° R>°. Ap fu[° ≈°N_p ^p°^ Lyg

Qpf ^p°^ R>°.

k•p\u dp°V$p° ^p°^ "fp≈' ^p°^ R>°. [° `pV$hu Ly¨$hf S>°V$gp° R>°. [° ifph[u_u dp°V$p cpN_u

S>m kd©qŸ_p° [° hpfk]$pf R>°. L$p°B ep°›^p `p°[p_u R>p[u agph[p° lp°e [°d _f`y¨Nh S>°hu

d]$dı[ R>V$p\u [° L$ip_p Ap^pf rh_p _uQ° `X°$ R>°.

bu≈ ^p°^ 'fp°ff' [fuL°$ ≈Zu[p° R>°. "fp°ff' [° A¨N∞∆ iÂ]$ R>°. [°_p° A\Æ \pe R>°.

"NS>Æ_p L$f_pf' L$pL$p kpl°b L$pg°gL$f° [°_° 'ù÷' _pd Ap‡ey¨ R>°. bu≈ ^p°^ L$f[p¨ [° _p_p° R>°.

R>[p¨ [°_° ‚–en r_lpm_pf ‚hpku_° AQ|L$ ApL$j£ R>°. b^p ^p°^dp¨ [°_p° AphpS> dp°Mf° fl°

R>°. ky¨]$fd° [°_° "dlpNS>ÆL$' _pd Ap‡ey¨ R>°. S>° kp\ÆL$ R>°. Ap`L$dw `y” S>°hp° [° `p°[p_y¨ Np•fh

"fp≈' L$f[p L$p°L$ Sy>]$u fu[° S> rk›^ L$f° R>°°. Ap Qpf ^p°^dp¨ "fp≈' rkhpe_p _pd A¨N∞S>°

`pX$ep.


bu≈ b° ^p°^ "fp°L$p°V$', "g°X$u' _° _pd° Ap°mMpe R>°. L$pL$pkpl°b [°d_° "rhfc]≤$' A_°

"`phÆ[u' _pd Apù_° [°d_p ApeÆ–h_p k¨ıL$pf_y¨ tkQ_ L$eyÆ R>°.

7. "cZL$pfp' A°L$p¨L$u_p iujÆL$_u ep°¡e[p_u QQpÆ L$fp°.

S>. "cZL$pfp' NNuaB_p c|[L$pm_p A_° h[Ædp_L$pm_p ∆h_dp¨ b_[p Ad¨Ng b_php°_°

Apg°M[y¨ L$fyZp¨[ A°L$p¨L$u R>°. [°dp¨ Mgpku Mpfhp_p ∆h__u L$fyZ N¨cuf `qfsı\r[_°

L$p•Ìge`|hÆL$ Apg°Mu R>°.

`p°[p_u eyhp_udp¨ NNuaBA° "Np°Ly$g h°g°fp ^pf≈° ! A° Nu[ Npeÿ [°S> q]$hk° ]$qfep_p

[p°ap_dp¨ `p°[p_p° `r[ NydpÏep° l[p°. [°d_p hlz [°Sy>_° ApS>° A°S> Nu[ Np[u kp¨cmu_° [°dS>

]$qfep_° afu\u A°hp°S> [p°ap_u b_u Ne°g ≈°B_° NNuaB_° d©–ey_p cZL$pfp \pe R>°. [°d_p°

]$uL$fp° Adfp° ]$qfepdp¨ hlpZ gB_° Ne°gp° R>°. [°_p dfZ_u A¢OpZu A° cZL$pfpdp¨ hf[pB

R>°.

hmu ]$qfep_p¨ dp°≈¨ MX$L$ kp\° A\X$php\u \[p° ùn AhpS> kp¨cmu Adfp_u hlz

L$p_dp¨ Ap¨Nmp cfphu_° L$l° R>°. "Ap[° ]$qfep]°$h R>° L°$ dp_hu_° cfMhp b°W°$gp S>d_p¨ Ngp¨_p

cZL$pfp ! ' Apd NNuaB_u S>°d [°d_u hlz [°Sy>_° Z Ad¨Nm crhÛe_p° AZkpf \pe R>°.

`p°[p_ÿ Ap°Y$Zÿ `h_\u EX°$ R>°. –epf° [°_° A°hp rhQpf Aph° R>° L°$ Ap [p°ap_u `h_ ]$qfepB

kaf° Ne°gp [°_p `r[_° cfMu [p° _lv ≈e_° ! [° Í$MX$ A_° L|$L$$p_° `|R>° R>°." [dpfp cpB_°

Nmu_° Ap L$pmdyMp° Np¨Nf° R>° ?'

Apd g°ML$Óu `yÛL$f Q¨]$fhpL$f° Ap A°L$p¨L$udp¨ cZL$pfp ‹pfp Ad¨Ng OV$_pAp°_u

k¨cph_p ]$ipÆhu R>°. g°ML$_ÿ hº[Ïe kam[p`|hÆL$ `pf `pX$hpdp¨ "cZL$pfp' rijÆL$ DrQ[ R>°.

Mpfhp dpV°$ [p° d©–ey `Z A°L$ cZL$pfp° S> NZpe. A°d dp_[p¨ NNuaB A°L$p¨L$u_p

A¨[dp¨ [°Sy>_° Appk_ Ap`[p¨ L$l° R>° L°$ Adfp_p d©–ey_° cZL$pfp° S> dp_. \p°X$p kde `R>u

c|V$p° Adfp_u dpaL$ ]$qfep° M°X$hp S>i°. Adfp° Nep° `Z bu≈° Adfp° hp¨l° d|L$[p° Nep° R>°.

Apd Ap A°L$p¨L$udp¨ kpky-hlz_° \[p cZL$pfp ApMp A°L$p¨L$u_ÿ QpgL$ bm b_u fl°

R>°. A°L$p¨L$udp¨ b_[p A¨dNg OV$_pAp°_u k¨cph_p cZL$pfp ‹pfp S> k|QhpB R>°. [°_p A¨[dp¨

r_Û`fi_ \[p° L$fyZfk `Z "cZL$pfp' iujÆL$\u h^pf° AkfL$pfL$ b_° R>°. [°\u [° khÆ\p

e\p\Æ R>°.

‚$-$1 (b) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. Adf[L$pL$u_p° `p” `qfQe Ap`p°.

S> "gp°lu_u kNpB _hrgL$pdp¨ dp[©–h_p° A¨MX$ ]$u` ‚NV$ph[p¨ Ad[fL$pL$u_ÿ ˘]$eıìw

`p”pg°M_ g°ML°$ L$eyØ R>°.

Adf[L$pL$u_° `p°[p_p b^p¨ k¨[p_p°dp¨ Np¨X$u d¨Ny ‚–e° A_l]$ dd[p R>°. d¨Ny_u

kpfk¨cpm A° S> A°d_p ∆h__p° Ap^pf A_° ›e°e R>°. A° dpV°$ [° `p°[p_u dp°V$u ]$uL$fu A_°

hlzAp°_u ApL$pfu V$uL$pAp°_p° `Z cp°N b_° R>°. `Z Adf[L$pL$u [p° dp_° R>° L°$, Aby^,

A`¨N, L°$ Aklpe k¨[p_ f ‚°d hfkphhpdp¨S> dp[©–h_u kpQu kp\ÆL$[p R>°. [°d_p ∆h_dp¨

E[f°gp _° ı\peu \e°gp Ap Nl_ ]$iÆ_dp¨ A°d_p dp[©–h_p° drldp ≈°B iL$pe R>°.


Ly$kyd_° ]$hpMp_pdp¨ kpfy¨ \ep `R>u Adf[L$pL$u L$dy _° d¨Ny_° ]$hpMp_° dp°L$ghp_p°

r_ZÆe g° R>°. A° `R>u Apf¨cpe R>° Adf[L$pL$u_u cphp÷Æ[p A_° gpNZuiug[p ]$hpMp_pdp¨

d¨Ny_u cgpdZ L$f[p¨ Adf[L$pL$u_u d_:sı\r[ ≈°B`pjpZ ˘]$e_u Ap¨Mp° `Z cu_u \B

≈e A°hy¨ h°^L$ rQ” g°ML°$ Ap‡ey¨ R>°. A° `fpL$põ$pdp¨ g°ML°$ Adf[L$pL$u_p dp[©–h_u

k¨h°]$_iug[p_° ˘]$e rh]$pfL$ ArcÏeqL$[ Apù R>°.

d¨Ny_° ]$hpMp_pdp¨ d|L$u ApÏep `R>ue Adf[L$pL$u_° d¨Ny hNf_p Of_u ]$uhpgp° Mphp

^p[u lp°e [°hy¨ gpN° R>°. A°d_y¨ dp[©–h dfu `fhpe°gy¨ lp°e [°hy¨ A°d_° gpNhp dp¨X$ey¨. KX°$-KX°$

d¨Ny\u `p°[° L¨$V$pmu Nep_p° A`fp^ cph A_ychu f¸p¨, _ kl°hp[p¨ MpV$gp_u Bk `f dp\y¨

`Z `R>pX$ey¨. r_fp^pf, k¨[p_ rh_p hgM[p dp[©–h_u QfdL$p°qV$ [p° k^pe R>°. _hrgL$p_p

A¨r[d hpL$edp¨ d¨Ny kp\° Ap°[‚p°[ \B Ne°gp¨ Adf[L$pL$u d¨Ny_p rhfldp¨ Np¨X$p¨ \B ≈e R>°.

Apd Ap _hrgL$pdp¨ rQr”[ \e°gy¨ Adf[L$pL$u_y¨ `p” "S>__u_u ≈°X$ kMu _lv S>X°$ f°

gp°g' _u A_yc|r[ L$f_pfy¨ \ey¨ R>°.

f. "≈L$pfp°' gOyL$\pdp¨ Apg°Mpe°gu dp-bp`_u ˘]$eÏe\p hZÆhp°.

S. "≈L$pfp°' gOyL$\pdp¨ g°ML$ dp°l_gpg `V°$g° kpkqfep¨_p¨ ”pk A_° rèf_p ≈L$pf

h√Q° N|¨Nmp[u A°L$ L$p°X$cfu L$fiep_p _fL$\ue b]$[f ∆h_ A_° A`d©–e_u h°]$_p_° hpQp

Apù R>°.

NZ`[_p¨ Of° S>fid°gu A_° DR>f°gu c°¨k_° NZ`[° R> l≈f $Í$rèpdp¨ dp°[ufpd_°

h°Qu ]$uû. NZ`[_y¨ Of c¢k_° `p°[p_y¨ Of S>°hy¨ gpN° R>°. A°V$g° [° dp°[ufpd_° –ep¨\u `pR>u

_pku Aph° R>°. NZ`[ [°_° `pR>u L$pY$u d|L°$ R>°. c¢k bu∆hpf `Z `pR>u Aph° R>°. –epf° [°_u

`–_u Ly¨$hf [°_° bfpbf dpfu_° L$pY$u d|L$hp A_° `pR>p Aphhp_u Mp° c|gphu ]°$hp_u kgpl

Ap`° R>°. `f¨[y c¢k `pk° Ec°gp° NZ`[ [°_u ]$epdZu Ap¨Mp° ≈°B_° gpQpf \B ≈e R>°.

Ly¨$hf_y¨ ˘]$e `Z ùNmu ≈e R>°. A_° [°dp¨\u ]$ep_p° Tfp° aV°$ R>°.

Ap kde ]$frdep_ dp°[ufpd c¢k g°hp Aph° R>°. Z NZ`[ [°_° c¢k pR>u kp¢ hp_u

_p `pX$u_° [°_° R> l≈f Í$rèp `pR>p Apù ]°$ R>°. Ly¨$hf `Z dp°[ufpd_° L$l° R>°. "X$p°by¨' O°f

ApÏey¨ _° Ad_°e V$pY$L$ \B'.

Alu c¢k_p k¨]$cÆdp¨ ]$uL$fu ‚–e°_u dp-bp`_u hp[ L$l°hpdp¨ Aphu R>°. NZ`[ A_°

Ly¨$hf_u ]$uL$fu [°Ap°_p ”pk\u L¨$V$pmu_° ”Z-”Z hpf Of° `pR>u Aphu l[u. A_° "kpkfy¨ A°S>

Of' A°hy¨ L$lu_° dp-bp`° rèf° Ecu fl°hp _lp°[u ]$uû ! Apd c¢k A_° ]$uL$fu_u OV$_pAp°

gpNZu_p rhfp°^_y¨ h[yÆm fQpe R>°. Y$p°f_° hlpgy¨ NZu A°_° AphL$pf Ap`_pfp¨ dp-bp`

kdpS>_p X$f\u ]$uL$fu_° ≈L$pfp° Ap`° R>°. ! [°_p kpkqfep¨ [°_° dp°[_° OpV$ D[pfu ]°$ R>°.

3. dy¨S>_y¨ ÏeqL$[–h hZÆhp°.

S. A•r[lprkL$ _hgkd∞pV$ Óu L$.dp. dy_iuA° "`©’huhÎgc L°$d M¨Qpep° ?' _hgL$\p -

‚L$fZdp¨ dy¨S>_y¨ A–e¨[ [°S>ıhu A_° MydpfuceyØ `p”pg°M_ L$eyØ R>°.


dy¨S> `fpæ$du ep°›^p° l[p°. [° `p°[p_p dp°lL$ sıd[\u, iÂ]$p°_p ≈]y$\u A_° A¨[f_p

r_dÆm ‚°d\u `p°[p_p ]y$Ìd__u bl°_ fpS>dp[p d©Zpgh[u_p `Z q]$g_° ∆[u g° R>°.

dy¨S_u>> tT]$pq]$gu\u A_° d]$pÆ_Nu\u dpfie MV°$_u ‚≈ [•g`_° r^Ω$pf° R>°. A_° dy¨S>_°

Qplhp gpN° R>°. `p°[p_p i”y [•g`_u ‚≈_p¨ q]$g ∆[u gB_° dy¨S> Mfp A\Ædp¨ q]$s¡hS>e L$f°

R>°.

[•g` dy¨S>_° lfphu, L$põ$_p `vS>fpdp¨ b¨]$uhp_ b_phu, [°_u `pk° rcnp d¨Nphhp

ApMp _Nfdp¨ a°fh° R>°. [°d R>[p¨ dyS p¨S>fpdp¨ yfpe°gp tkl ≈°hp° A_° Ap–dNp•fh\u Dcfp[p°

l[p°. [•g` dÿS_° ny÷[p_p° A_ych L$fphhp S>[p¨ `p°[°S> `p°[p_u ‚≈_u _S>fdp¨ ny÷ b_u

≈e R>°.

dyS> `p°[p_u r‚e[dp d©Zpg_° ‚°d\u L$l° R>° ? "lh° ip_y ]$p_ Apìp° ? S>° l[y [° [p°

L$epf_y Apù ]$u y ?' [°_p Ap iÂ]$p°dp¨\u _u[f[u d^yf[p A_° frkL$[p A°L$ Ap]$iÆ ‚°du

[fuL°$_p [°_p ÏeqL$[–h_° Ap°f DW$ph Ap`° R>°.

dy¨S> ≈[° A°L$ fqkL$ L$rh, kfıh[u `|S>L$, rh‹p_ A_° rh‹p_p°_p° ApÓe]$p[p l[p°.

Apd, r_cÆe[p, rh¤pÏepk¨N, D]$pf[p, ]$p_huf[p, huf[p, M°gq]$gu A_° tT]$pq]$gu_p

rhfg k]π$NZp° ^fph[y¨ dy¨S>_y¨ `p” `p°[p_p rbfy]$ "`©s\hu hÎgc' kp\ÆL$ L$fu_° NyS>fp[u

A•q[lprkL$ _hgL$\p kprl–eL$pfdp¨ ep]$Npf b_u Ney¨ R>°.

4. ridp°Np\u ≈°N_p ^p°^ kyû_y¨ g°ML°$ ≈°e°gy¨ ‚pL©$r[L$ kp¶]$eÆ.

S. g°ML$ Óu ky¨]$fdπ A_° [°_p kp\u ‚hpkuAp°A° ridp°Np\u ApNm S>hp ‚epZ L$eyØ

–epf° ApSy>-bpSy> guguR>d V°$L$fuAp°_u lpfdpmp ◊Ìedp_ \B. dp°V$fdp¨\u ‚L©$r[_y¨ p_ L$eyØ.

]|$f-ky]|$f\u kp\° Qpg[p h©np° `Z ≈Z° kp\ R>p°X$hp dpN[p _ l[p¨. bfi_° bpSy> h©np°_u

A_°fu ip°cp l[u. [°dp¨\u bphm A_° hpk rkhpe_p Afie h©np° Ap°mMhp g°ML$ dpV°$ dyÌL°$g

l[y¨. L$gNu ^pfZ L$fu_° E¨Qp KQp h©np° dp\p TyL$phu d_gp°gy` ÿÌe MXy¨$ L$f[p¨ l[p¨.

V°$L$fuAp°_u `pRm ifph[u _]$u ≈Z° k¨[pL|$L$X$u fd[u _p lp°e ! [°hy¨ ÿÌe g°ML_° _]$u

qL$_pf° ≈°hp d˛ey¨. ApNm S>¨Ng NpY$ b_[y¨ S>[y¨ l[y¨. ]$rnZ bpSy> k|eÆ kp°_°fu qL$fZp°_p°

L$mi Y$p°m[p° l[p°. [°Ap° ≈°N_p ^p°^_p ]$iÆ_ dpV°$ D–kyL$ l[p. ^p°^ gNcN A°L$p]$ dpBg

R>°V°$ li° –ep¨ dp°V$f_y A°sfiS>_ b¨ L$fpÏey [p° udp° udp° _p]$ k¨cmpep°. Ap b∞ld_p]$ kp¨cmhp-

dpZhp ]$qnZ [fa_u V°$L$fu `f `lp°√ep¨ –epf° S>¨Ng D`h_dp¨ a°fhpB Ney¨. ApMf° V$p°Q `f\u

^p°^_y¨ A_y`d kp•¨]$eÆ ÿÌedp_ \ey¨.

Apd, g°ML$ A_° [°_p rd”p°A° ridp°Np\u ≈°N_p ^p°^ kyû_p° ‚pL©$r[L$ fkÎlpZ

dpŒep°.

‚$-$1 (L$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. `r[_p° ‚°d d°mhhp Ly$dy]°$ L$f°gp ‚e–_p°.

S. Ly$dy]$ kd∆ NB L°$ [°_p° `r[ gpNZuiug `–_u_u L$]$f L$f[p° _\u. [°Z° rhQpeyØ L°$

`q[_p° `∞°d d°mhhp dpV°$ `r[_u ]$pÁ`–e ∆h__u rhQpfkfZu_° A_yÍ$` \ep rh_p Qpgi°$


_rl. lz¨ [°d_u kdp°hX$u A_° klpeL$ b_ui [p°S> [°d_p° `∞°d `pdu iL$ui. `p°[p_u ≈[_°

`p°[p_p `r[_u A`°npdyS>b L°$mhhp dpV°$ [°Z° k¨r_õ$ ‚epkp° iÍ$ L$epÆ.

Ly$dy]°$ k¨ıL©$[, A¨N∞°∆ A_° k¨Nu[_p° AÊepk L$ep£. [°Z° dy¨bB A_° kyf[_p hr_[p

rhÓpd_u ipmpdp¨ rirnL$p dpV°$_u [pgud guû. [°Z° p°[p_p r[_° d]$]$Í$ \hp V$pB`fpBqV≠$N

`Z iuMu gu^y¨. g°ML$ rQ”`V$_p Ïehkpedp¨ `¨X$ep –epf° [°dZ° Arc_°”u b_hp_p ıh‡_p°

`Z k°Ïep. [°Z° _qX$ep]$_p hr_[p rhÓpddp¨ riqnL$p [fuL°$ `Z _p°L$fu L$fu Ap D`fp¨[ [°

gp°L$g bp°XÆ$_u L$rdV$udp¨ kcpk]$ b_u bpm k·pl S>°hp kphÆS>r_L$ L$peÆæ$dp°dp¨ `Z [°

Ahpf_hpf cpN g°hp gpNu.

f. c÷¨c÷° ApNNpX$udp¨ L$f°gy¨ cpjZ A_° dykpafp° `f \e°gu Akfp°.

S.> ^dÆkcpdp¨ lpS>fu Ap`hp A_° cpN g°hp dpV°$ c÷¨c÷ Ad]$php]$\u dy¨bB S>hp _uL$m° R>°.

qV$qL$V$ dpı[f_p lp\_p° dyΩ$p° Mphp° `X$ep°. –epfbp]$ "`h_ ıìÆ'dp¨ M`phu_° ı_p_ L$fu

X$Âbpdp¨ O|k°gp c÷¨c÷° NpX$u E`X$u L°$ [f[ "dp^h bpN L$u S>° ' `p°L$pfu dp^hbpN A¨N°

`|R>`fR> \[p¨ dp^hbp¨Ndp¨ dm_pfu kcp_y¨ Np•fh Np_ L$fhp dp¨X$ey¨. dykpafp° `p°[p_° A°L$

tQ[° kp¨cmu f¸p R>° [° ≈°B Ar[ Aph°idp¨ Aph°gp c÷¨c÷ `pV$gu `f\u Ecp \B Nep

A_° Ar[iep°qL$[ ceyØ cpjZ Ap`[p¨ S>° dykpaf [fa Ap¨Nmu Qvû bp°g[p l[p [°_° d|MÆ,

`pù, NO°X$p° L$l°[p¨ [° dykpaf DÌL°$fpB Nep°. [°Z° c÷¨c÷_° _uQ° `R>pX$u ûbu _pøep°.

Apd c÷¨c÷_p cpjZ\u [°d_° `p°[p_° S> dykpaf_p lp\_p° dpf Mphp° `X$ep°.

3. "aL$[ `¨]$f rdr_V$' _° Ap^pf° frh‚kp]$_p ∆h__y¨ rQ” Apg°Mp°.

S. "aL$[ ¨]$f rdr_V$' f°qX$ep° _pV$L$dp¨ A°L$ghpey¨ ∆h_ Npm[p rh^yf frh‚kp]$ ApQpeÆ_p

∆h__y¨ ˘]$eıìw rQ” Apg°Mpey¨ R>°.

frh ‚kp]$ A°L$ h©›^ A_° Óud¨[ rh^yf R>°. [°d_p kyMu k¨kpfdp¨ A°L$ hM[ L$pm_p°

rhL$fpm `¨≈° afu h˛ep°. A°L$ L$pf AL$ıdp[dp¨ [°d_u `–_u dd[p A_° A°L$_p° A°L$ eyhp_

R>p°L$fp° _¨]$_ d©–ey `pÁep¨. frh‚kp]$ lh° A°L$ghpey¨ ∆h_ ∆hu f¸p R>°. bQy A_° L$p¨r[

_pd_p b° _p°L$f [°d_p b¨Ngpdp¨ L$pd L$f° R>°. c¨hfdg dlpfpS> fkp°B b_phu Ap`° R>°. Ap

b^p `p°[`p°[p_y¨ L$pd L$fu_° QpÎep ≈e R>°. frh‚kp]$_° A°L$gpS> fl°hp_y¨ `k¨]$ R>°.

`yı[L$p°_y¨ hp¨Q_, k¨Nu[_y¨ ÓhZ A_° ‚L©$r[ kp¶]$eÆ_y¨ ]$iÆ_ [°d_p iyÛL$ ∆h__° \p°Xy¨$L$

lqfepmy¨ b_ph° R>°.

\p°X$p kde dpV°$ `p°[p_p ∆h__p° Mpgu`p° ]|$f L$fhp_p° D`pe [°d_° S>X$u Nep° R>°. [°

fp°S> kp¨S>° NpX$u gB_° _uL$mu `X°$ R>°. A_° bk ıV$p°` `f Ec°gp L$p°B A≈Œep ]¨$`[u_°

A\hp L$p°B AgNpfu eyhp__° NpX$udp¨ rgaπV$ Apù_° [°d_p° bk_u fpl ≈°hp_p° kde bQphu

Ap`° R>°. [°V$gp° kde [°d_° `p°[p_° O°f gB S>B `p°[p_u kp\° Npmhp_p° ApN∞l L$f° R>°. [°d_y¨

‚°d`|hÆL$ ıhpN[ L$fu_° [°d_u ApN[p ıhpN[p L$f° R>°. `R>u [°d_° S>hp_p ı\m° `lp¢QpX°$ R>°.

S>°d_° A°L$ hM[° Of° gpÏep lp°e [°d_° afu\u [° L$epf°e gph[p _\u. [°d_° A°d L$fhpdp¨ [°

dpZkp° ≈°X°$ dpep b¨^pB S>hp_p° X$f gpN° R>°. [°d_y¨ dp_hy¨ R>° L°$ dp°ldpep dpZk_p ∆h_dp¨

]$y:M Ecy¨ L$f° R>°.


4. Ly$dy]$_y¨ [lp°d[_pdy¨.

S>. `r[\u ”ı[ A_° D`°rn[ Ly$dy]$_p° d©[ Ap–dp ApL$fp iÂ]$p°dp¨ g°ML$ `f Apn°`p°_u

TX$u hfkph[p L$l° R>° L°$ "lz¨ [d_° L°$hp L$p°X$\u `fZu l[u ? `Z \p°X$p q]$hk bpmL$_u dpaL$

dpfy¨ `pg_ L$fu_° [d° dpfu D`°np L°$d L$fu ? lz¨ [dpfp° klhpk T¨M[u l[u –epf° [d° bu∆

ı”uAp° kp\° S> h^pf° Ap_¨]$rh_p°]$ _lp°[p L$f[p ? lz¨ dp¨]$u `X$u –epf° dpfu L$iue° `fhp L$epÆ

rh_p dpf° rèf _lp°[p dp°L$gu ]°$[p ? dpfp S>°hu [dpfu fZ°gu ı”u kp\° [d° L$pfdp Abp°gp

Ap]$epÆ ! [dpfu ∆h_kp\u A_° [dpfp bpmL$_u dp[p \hp_u dpfu T¨M_p_u [d° lp°mu L$fu

! `Z [d°[p° [°_u L$p°X$u_u S> qL≠$d[ L$fu ! AL$ıdp[° [dpfu kp\° _S>f dmu –epf° dp_h^dÆ

Q|L$u_° [d° d_° ∆h[u L$pù _pMu ! Ap [dpfp cZ[f_° A_° [dpfp k°hph∞[_°, [dpfp ı”u

blz$dp__° A_° [dpfu ^dÆcph_p_° ip°c° R>° ? '

d©[ Ly$dy]$_y¨ [lp°d[_pdy¨ `r[ [fa\u [°_° \e°gp Op°f Afiepe_° D≈Nf L$f° R>° [p° bu∆

[fa `p°[p_u Ap–dpL$\pdp¨ ‚ı[y[ OV$_p hZÆhu_° g°ML°$ `p°[p_° \e°gp `pfphpf `Úp[p`_°

‚NV$ L$f° R>°.

‚$-$1 (X$$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p V|¨$L$dp¨ S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. df[p h°œA° Sy>dp_° iu fu[° bQpÏep° ?

S>. h°œ_p akpe°gp `N_° L$pY$hpdp¨ r_Ûam[p dm[p [°dS> V$≤°_ Aphu flu R>°. [°_p° øepg

Aph[p Sy>dp° h°œ_° hmNu X$ep° A_° [°_° MS>hpmhp gp¡ep°. f¨[y NpX$u A°L$]$d _∆L$ Aphu

NB R>°. A°hy¨ gpN[p h°œA° `p°[p_y¨ dp\y¨ DR>pmu tiNX$pAp°\u Sy>dp_° ]|$f a°L$u ]$u^p°. A°V$g° S>

L$l°hpey¨ R>° "Ap]$du k° ≈_hf S>ep]$p hap]$pf l•

f. [pgud dmhp\u Óyr[dp¨ L$B-L$B Ly$im[pAp° Aphu ?

S>. Óyr[_° bl°fp¨_u ipmpdp¨ kpfu [pgud dmu l[u. "rg`fuqX$¨N' ‹pfp Ór[A° A¨N∞°∆

iuMu gu^y¨ [° A¨N∞°∆dp¨ hp[ L$fu iL$[u l[u –ep¨_p rinZ, N©lL$peÆ, fd[Nd[ A_° `p°[p_p

]$p°ı[p° rhi°_u hp[p° [° lp\\u A_° Ap¨Mp°\u L$fu iL$[u l[u A°dp¨ [°_° L$p°B [L$gua `X$[u _

l[u A_° ıhı\[p\u bû hp[p° L$fu iL$[u l[u.

3. h°œ_p d©–eÿ `R>u Sy>dp° iy¨ L$f[p° l[p° ?

S>. h°œ_p L$dp°[_u OV$_p bfiep bp]$ b°Q°_ A_° A°L$pL$u Sy>dp° l¨d°ip hl°gu khpf° agp°

gB_° `p°[p_p ‚pZr‚e h°œ_y¨ S>° ı\m° d©–ey \ey¨ l[y¨, –ep¨ ≈e R>° A_° f°Îh°_p `pV$p `pk°_p

A°L$ `’\f `f agp° QY$phu_° h°œ¨ ...... h°œ¨ ! h°œ¨ ! A°d ”Z byd `pX$u_° `pR>p° af° R>°.

4. [•g`° ip° Y¨$Y$fp° r`V$pÏÈp° ? Ap_u gp°L$p° `f iu Akf \B ?

S. dy¨S> L°$]$Mp_pdp¨ flu_° `Z d©Zpg_u kp\° `∞°dgugpdp¨ kam \ep° l[p°. A° b¨_° `f

æ$p°^° cfpe°gp [•g`°, dy¨S> `f `p°[p_u b°_ kp\°_p° ‚°dk¨b^_p° b]$gp° g°hp [°dS> `p°[p_y¨ Op°f

A`dp_ \[p dy¨S> A_° d©Zpg_° gp°L$_S>fdp¨ Mfpb ]°$MpX$hp_p b]$Bfp]$p\u A°hp° Y¨$Y°$fp°

r`V$pÏep° L°$ "ApS>\u kp[d° q]$hk° khpf°, dy¨S>_° d©Zpgh[u `pk° R>°Îg° rcnp d¨Nphu ]$u^p


bp◊ dy¨S>_° lp\u_p `N _uQ° L$Qfphu ]°$hpdp¨ Aphi° ?' Ap L©$–e_° `p°[p_p° rhS>e dlp°–kh

kp\° kfMpdZu L$f[p° [°Z° Ap rhS>e dlp°–kh_° _S>f° ≈°hp dpV°$ ApMp ]°$i_° r_d¨”Z

Ap‡ey.

kp[ q]$hk rcnp dp¨N[p ]$fÁep_ dy¨S>_p ≈]y$A° gp°L˘]$edp¨ `p°[p_y¨ ı\p_ L$fu gu^y¨. [•g`_u Ap

≈l°fp[ kp¨cmu gp°L$p° A°_p `f raV$L$pf hfkphhp gp¡ep. ]$f°L$_p ˘]$edp¨\u Nyıkp_p A_° r_:pk_p D]π$Npfp°

_uL$mu `X$ep. gp°L$p° ^∞ykL°$ ^∞ykL°$ fX$u `X$ep¨ A_° b^p [•g`_° ip` Ap`hp gp¡ep A_° L$p°B`Z fu[° dy¨S>_p°

∆h bQu ≈e [° dpV°$ ‚p\Æ_p L$fhp gp¡ep.

`. Bf_° Ap`Z° ks√Q]$p_¨]$ _pd° ip dpV°$ Ap°mMuA° R>uA° ?

S>. Ap`Zu k©rÙ$_p b^p S> `]$p\p£ _pih¨[ R>°. aL$[ Bf S> k_p[_ R>°. A°V$g° [° k[π R>°. S>ep¨ k–e lp°e

–ep¨S> iy›^ op_ d°mhu iL$pe. Ap iy›^ op_ [° Qu[π R>°. S>ep¨ k[ A\pÆ[ iy›^ op_ lp°e –ep¨ Ap_¨]$ S> lp°e,

ip°L$ _lu, k–e k_p[_ R>°. A°V$g° Ap_¨]$ `Z k_p[_ S> lp°hp_p° [°\u Bf_° Ap`Z° "ks√Q]$p_¨]$' _pd°

Ap°mMuA° RuA°.

‚$-$f (A$$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. "agX$p¨-L$V$p°fu' L$pÏe_p° cphp\Æ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.

S>. L$rh filp_pgpg Ap–dgnu cph_pAp°_p N|¨S>_dp¨ rhi°j° kam f¸p R>°. S>ep¨-S>ep¨

ErdÆ_p D‹°N L°$ kp°lpdZu ıhr‡_g[p_° AhL$pi lp°e –ep¨ –ep¨ L$rh Mugu EW°$ R>°. A_°

cph_p khÆ\p A_yÍ$` lp°e A°hu hpZu A°d_° Ap`d°m° S> dmu ≈e R>°.

‚ı[y[ ErdÆNu[ _pV$L$_p `l°gp cpNdp¨\u g°hpey¨ lp°hp R>[p¨ ıh[¨” fu[° `Z cph_p

D÷°L$dp¨ cphL$_° gB ≈e A°hu nd[phpmy¨ R>°. L$pÏe_u `p]$c|dp¨ Ap–dg¡__u rhcph_p_°

ı\peu L$fhp_u L$rh_u dl°√R>p R>°. A_° [°\u S> _pV$L$_p `p” `p°eZu ‹pfp Ap Nu[ fS|> L$fpey¨

R>°. `p°eZu A° Bf_p k¨]°$ipAp°_° ‚hprl[ L$f[y¨ S> `p” R>°. _pd `Z `p°eZu _° R>° _p_u

bprgL$p-‚cy_p ]|$[ kdu.

Ap Nu[ ]°l_u r_f\ÆL$[p_° ]|$rj[[p_° ÏeL$[ L$f° R>°. - Q¨÷u A° Bf_p Ad©[_° `©’hu

`f a°gph[y¨ `p” R>°. Alv Q¨÷_y¨S> L$rhA° ı”uhpQL$ k¨opdp¨ a°fhu_° Q¨÷u L$f°gy¨-R>[p¨ lzgpdœ¨

gpN° R>°. Bf_p Ad©[_° -Qp¨]_u_° Tugu iL°$ A°hu iqL$[ dp_h_p lp\dp¨ L$ep¨ R>° ? A°_p

d__u S> ‚r[L©$r[Í$`° lp\dp¨ [p° rh^-rh^ f°MpAp°_p¨ R|>¨]$Zp¨ R>° , ≈Z° dp_h_p ∆h__p°

_L$ip° ! A_° [°e ]|$rj[. Aphu ]|$rj[ l\°muAp°dp¨ Ap Ad©[ Tugpe S> L$B fu[° ? _° Tughp

S>BA° [p°e lp\_u Ap¨NmuAp° h√Q°_p¨ rR>÷dp¨\u Ap Ad©[ [p° Y$p°mpB ≈e.

_preL$p-`p°eZu-`pk° Ap ‚Ò_y¨ r_fpL$fZ R>°. A° Ap Ad©[_° Tughp ‚cy_u

l\°muAp° S>°hp¨ iyŸ A_° kyN¨^° fk°gp¨ `yÛ`p°_u L$V$p°fu N|¨\u gphhp_p° r_]£$i L$f° R>°. A_° [°e

L$p°_° ? S>NdpgZu_°. Ap _preL$p Ap L$V$p°fu N|¨\u gphhp_y¨ L$l° R>°. Ap S>NdpgZu A°V$g°

Bf. Ap k©rÙ$_p D`h__u ]°$Mcpm fpM_pfu, S>__u ıh$Í$`p Bf-iqL$[.


Ap L$pÏedp¨ A°L$ hp[ Mpk ›ep_ M¢Q° R>° A_° [° R>°, L$rh_u iqL$[ `f_p° AQm

rhpk. Q¨÷_° ı\p_° L$rh Q¨÷u iÂ]$ `∞ep°S>° R>°. Nu[ S>°_p dyM° R>° [° L$fiep R>°, `p°eZu R>°.

Apd, L$rh ‚ı[y[ ErdÆNu[dp¨ Bfue Ad©[_° Bf_u l\°mu S>°hp¨ agdp¨ Tughp ApN∞l

k°h° R>°.

Apd, agX$p¨ L$V$p°fu_y¨ Í$`L$ ApMp Nu[dp¨ khÆ\p e\p\Æ kprb[ \ey¨ R>°.

f. "lz [p° Qlz....' L$pÏedp¨ d_kyMgpg Th°fuA° L$f°gy ep•hp__y Np•fh-Np_ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨

fS|> L$fp°.

S>. "lz¨ [p° Qlz¨' L$pÏedp¨ L$rhA° i•iphı\p_p¨ _° h©›^phı\p_p NyZNp_ Npep R>°. Ap b¨_°

Ahı\pAp°_p° [°dZ° A_p]$f[p° _\u S> L$ep£. D`f\u i•ih_u A_° h©›^–h_u ES>mu bpSy>Ap°

]$ipÆhu_° A° b¨_° Ahı\pAp°° rbf]$phu R>°. ep•hp_hı\p_p¨ A°hp¨ [p° cpf° hMpZ L$epÆ R>° L°$

Ap`p°Ap` A°_u [yg_pdp¨ bpm`Z A_° OX$ Z kph qaΩ$p¨ gpN°. [pS>Nu_° ıar[Æ\u \_N_[p,

Mydpfu\u _° Ap–drhpk\u Tmlm[p [\p rhL$ÎepZ_° rhip¨r[ dpV°$ ∆h_ rhN∞ldp¨

TT|d[p eyhp_p° ‚–e° L$rh_° krhi°j ApL$jÆZ R>°. A_° [°\u S> [°dZ° eyhp_u_° dp_h∆h__u

khÆÓ°õ$ Ahı\p L$lu R>°. ApV$gy¨ L$lu_° [°Ap° k¨[p°j `pÁep _\u. [°dZ° ep°h__u A°L$ krhi°j

gpnrZL$[p_p° DÎg°M L$ep£ R>°. S>° R>° ilp]$[ hlp°fu g°hp_p° ! AM|V$ `yùjp[_\u kcf A_°

Ap–d[°S>\u ]$u`[p eyhp_p° ]°$i Mp[f, ^dÆ Mp[f, dp_h≈[_p L$ÎepZ_p Mp[f S>¨N° QX°$

R>°. A_° ilu]$ \pe R>°. Aphp eyhp_p°_u ilp]$[ A° dp” "dfZ' L°$ "Ly$fbp_u' _\u, A° [p° A°L$

A`|hÆ dlp°–kh R>°. A°d L$lu_° L$rhA° eyhp_u `f ‚i¨kp_p¨ `yÛ`p° h°epÆ R>°.

3. "f¨NgeNr[....' L$pÏe_p¨ iujÆL$_u kp\ÆL$[p rkŸ L$fp°.

S>. L$rh L$gd_u rks›^ ‚L©$r[_p rhrh^ [–hp°_° hZÆhhpdp¨ fl°gu R>°. S>° Nu[ ›hpfp [f[S>

A_ychpe R>°. Ap L$pÏedp¨ L$rh drZgpg ]°$kpBA° ‚cp[dp¨ r_lpmhp dm[y¨ kud ‚]°$i_y¨

Apl∞gp]$L$ hZÆ_ L$eyØ R>°. [X$L$pAp° k|eÆ_p qL$fZp°_u _u`S> R>°. A°_° `p°[p_p° L$p°B ApNhp° f¨N

_\u. A° S>°_p `f `X°$ R>°, A°_p f¨N, Í$` ^pfZ L$f° R>° Alv f¨N-h•rh›e A_° Í$` h•rh›e

d_p°lf b_u fl° R>°.

X$p¨Nf_u gugp° f¨N, hpgp°m_p° O°fp° gugp°, \p°f_u V$p°Q `f QVp$L fp[p°, fp¨B_p agp°_p°

ùmp°, k|fS>_p¨ qL$fZp°_p° ùmp° f¨N, _uL$dp¨ hl°[p S>mdp¨ Admp[p Apc_p ‚r[tbb_u

c|fp° f¨N hN°f° rhrh^ f¨Np°_u fdZp L$rhA° hZÆhu R>°.

hmu, Ap L$pÏedp¨ L$rhA° T|ghp_u, O|dhp_u, Apdmhp_u, W°ghp_u qæ$epAp°_y¨ ceyØ

ceyØ ∆h¨[ rQ” geb›^ fu[° fS|> L$eyØ R>°. hmu, Tyg°, ag°, Mug° [\p O|d[u, Qyd[p° hN°f°

iÂ]$p° ¬hpfp A\Æ A_° ge_u k¨hpq]$[p kpû R>°. f¨N A_° ge_u kp\° Nr[_° `Z L$rhA°

kpL$pf L$fu R>°. QΩ$f QΩ$f O|d[p° L$epfX$p°, `¨Mu_p V$lzL$p \B_° EX$u S>[p `p_, _uL$dp¨

MmMm hl°[y¨ S>m [\p S>mdp¨ Admp[y ApL$pi hN°f°_p hZÆ_ ¬hpfp rkddp¨ ûd°ûd°

a°gp[p S>[p ‚cp[_u Nr[_y¨ Apg°M_ L$eyØ R>°.


Apd, Ap L$pÏedp¨ L$rhA° ‚L©$r[_p rhrh^ ıhÍ$`p°_u f¨Ngugp ge_u k¨hpq]$[p A_°

Nr[_u ‚hprl[p hZÆhu R>°. [°\u L$pÏe_y¨ iujÆL$ "f¨NgeNr[' kp\ÆL$ R>°.

4. "_Nfdp¨ Qp¨]$_u' L$pÏedp¨ L$rhA° r_fy`°g Qp¨]$_u_y¨ kp¶]$eÆ hZÆhp°.

S>. "_Nfdp¨ Qp¨]$_u' L$pÏÈdp¨ L$rhA° _Nf_p iyÛL$ hp[phfZ_° ip°cphu fl°gu Qp¨]$_u_y¨

_h[f i•gudp¨ d_p°fd r_Í$`Z L$eyØ R>°.

Alv L$rhA° Qp¨]$_u dpV°$ A–e¨[ ıhÍ$`hp_ _pfu_y¨ Í$`L$ ‚ep°S>ey¨ R>°. h©np°A° `Z S>°_°

≈°hp dpV°$ X$p°L$ E¨Qu L$fhu `X°$ R>°. A°hu A° rhfpV$ ky¨]$fu _≈L$[ceyØ _©–e L$fu flu R>°. [°_p

`N_u d©]y$ W°$L$\u il°f_u X$pdf_u kX$L$ X$dfp_u S>°d dl°L$u EW$u R>° ! A°_p ApNd_\u _Nf_p

A-‚pL©$r[L$ hp[phfZdp¨ ≈Z° h_ dl°dp_ b_u_° Aphu QX$ey¨ lp°e A°hy¨ _•krNÆL$ kp•]$eÆ

R>hpB Ney¨ R>°. !

Í$`kd∞pou Qp¨]$_u_p A_y`d kp•ÿeÆ\u kdN∞ ‚L©$r[ ‚cpsh[ \B NB R>°. h©np°_u

X$pmuAp°dp¨ Ry>`pe°gp° A¨^L$pf `Z ≈Z° X$p°qL$ey¨ L$fu_° [°_° r_lpmu f¸p° R>°. ApL$pi_u Ap¨Mp°

S>°hp [pfgp Qp¨]$_u_u Í$ìp°cp kpd° qaΩ$p X$u Nep R>°. ApL$pidp¨ rhlf[u hp]$muAp° rhc|rj[

ApL$pi_u kp°X$dp¨ ^f[u A_°fp Ap_¨]$_p° A_ych L$fu flu R>°.

Qp¨]$_uÍ$ù Ap _dZu _pf L•$gpk `hÆ[ `f rih `p°[p_u S>V$pdp¨ Tpg°gu N¨Np S>°hu

q]$Ïe R>°. [° ıhNÆ_u A–e¨[ ıhÍ$`hp_ A‡kfp S>°hy¨ dp°lL$ kp•]$eÆ ^fph° R>°. _Nf_p agL$ `f [°

bV$L$pmu Qpg° Qpgu flu R>°.

‚$-$f (b$$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. h_dp¨ S>hp dpV°$_p¨ L$ep L$pfZp° gˇdZ° ErdÆgp_° Ap‡ep ?

S>. L$rhÓu bp°V$p]$L$f_p¨ M¨X$L$pÏe "ErdÆgp' dp¨ gˇdZ° ErdÆgp_° rhh°L$ |hÆL$ L$ y L°$ dp°V$pcpB

fpd A_° cpcu ku[p h_dp¨ S>B f¸p¨ R>° A_° [°d_u k°hp L$fhp `p°[° h_dp¨ S>hp_p° r_ZÆe

L$ep£ R>°. h_dp¨ cpB-cpcu Akle L$Ù$ kl_ L$fu f¸p¨ lp°e –epf° `p°[° dl°gdp¨ flu_°

kyMkpebudp¨ `p°[p_p° kde `kpf L$f° [° ip°cpı`]$ L°$ DrQ[ _ NZpe.

gˇdZ dp°V$p cpB A_° cpcu_u k°hp L$fhp_y¨ `rh” L$[ÆÏe b≈hhp dpN[p° l[p°. Ap

L$pfZ° [°_° rh_p hp¨L°$ `p°[p_u `–_u ErdÆgp_p° –epN L$fhp_u afS> `X$u l[u. b¨^y^dÆ b≈hhp

S>[p¨ gˇdZ ErdÆgp_° Afiepe L$fu f¸p° l[p° A°_u [°_° Mbf l[u. [°\u [°_p dpV°$ ^dÆk¨L$V$

Ecy¨ \ey¨ l[y¨.

gˇdZ° Ap °gp Ap kdpQpf ErdÆgp_° k Æ]$i S>°hp gp¡ep l[p. [° kp¨cm[p¨ ErdÆgp

nZcf L$põ$_u `|[mu_u S>°d ı[b^ \B NB. d_\u _ dp_°gu A_° L$epf°e _ rhQpf°gu hp[

kp¨cmu_° [°_° cpf° ApOp[ gp¡ep°. ErdÆgp_° A°hy¨ `Z gp¡ey¨ L°$ `p°[p_u _kp°dp¨ gp°lu _rl

`Z `pZu hlu f¸y¨ R>° - [°_° `p°[p_y¨ rQ— rQfp[y¨ gp¡ey¨, Ap¨Mp° rhıapqf[ \B NB A_° [°_°

]°$l_y¨ cp_ f¸y¨ _rl, \p°X$uhpf `R>u [° ıhı\ \B NB. [°Z° L$iu gpQpfu ]°$MpX$u _rl `Z [°

ı_°lip•eÆ pfZ L$fu_° Ecu flu. A¨[dp¨ ErdÆgpA° Í$`p_u O¨V$X$u_p¨ fZL$pf S>°hu d yf hpZudp¨

gˇdZ_° h_dp¨ S>hp_u A_ydr[ Apù.


f. "Ad° `L$X$u Ap¨brgep_u X$pm......' L$pÏedp¨ dufp¨bpBA° ‚ep°S>°gp¨ Í$`L$p° ı`Ù$ L$fp°.

S. ‚°dq]hp_u cL$[L$hre”u dufp¨bpB_y kdN∞ L©$ÛZcqL$[dp¨> Ïe[u[ \ey l[y [°_u cqL$[dp¨

_pfuQlS> D—f cph_p cmhp\u k¨h°]$_p_u [uh∞[p Aphu R>°.

dufp¨bpB Ap k¨kpf dpV°$ S>¨Ng_y¨ Í$`L$ ‚ep°S>° R>°. S>°d S>¨Ngdp¨ A_°L$ h©np° lp°e.

A°dp¨ d^yf amp°hpmy¨ Ap¨bp_y¨ h©n `Z lp°hp_y¨ [°d Ap k¨kpfdp¨ dpep_p A_°L$ ‚gp°c_p°_u

h√Q° dufp¨_° d_ cfu_° dpZhp S>°hu L©$ÛZcqL$[ Ap¨bp_p h©n S>°hu duW$u gpN° R>°. S>¨Ngdp¨

tlkL$ ìyAp°\u bQhp L$p°BL$ ‚hpku L$p°B h©n_p° Apifp° g° [°d k¨kpf_p¨ L$pd, æ$p°^, gp°c,

dp°l hN°f°$ tlkL$ ìyAp°\u bQhp dufp¨bpBA° ÓuL©$ÛZcqL$[ ifœ¨ gu^y¨ R>°.

kp¨kpqfL$ ◊rÙ$A° d°hpX$_p° fpZp° cp°S>fpS> [°d_p° r[ l[p°, f¨[y d_\u [p° dufp¨ L©$ÛZ_°S>

hepÆ l[p¨. kp•cp¡eh[u ı”u `p°[p_p kp•cp¡e rQlπ_ [fuL°$ `r[_p _pd_u Q|¨]$X$u Ap°Y°$ R>°. [°d

dufp¨bpBA° Óu L©$ÛZ_u cqL$[ Í$`° ag_u `R>°X$u Ap°Y$u R>°. L°$d L°$ dufp¨bpB dp_° R>° L°$ A°dZ°

‚cy_p _pd_u ag`R>°X$u Ap°Y$u lp°hp\u AM¨X$ kp•cp¡eh[u \B Nep R>°.

Apd, Ap `]$dp¨ dufp¨bpB_u Óu L©$ÛZ ‚–e°_u cqL$[ lπ]$eıìw fu[° ÏeL$[ \B R>°.

3. dlpcpf[_p eyŸdp¨ ArcdfieyA° L$f°gy¨ A‚r[d ip•eÆ hZÆhp°.

S>. dlpcpf[_p eyŸ_p° [°fdp° q]$hk-Arcdfiey_p A‚r[d ip•eÆ_p° q]$hk-÷p°ZpQpeÆ

‹pfp Qæ$Ïey_u fQ_p-Arcdfiey k¨lpfp° L$f[p°, A°L$ `R>u A°L$ L$p°W$p c°]$[p° L$p•fh k°_pdp¨ O|ıep°

A°L$ bpZ° ”Z l≈f lp\u, ”Z l≈f Op°X$p A_° bphuk l≈f k•r_L$p°_° dp°[_p° OpV$ E[pepÆ

- i”yAp°_p A°L$ l≈f f\_p° _pi-T¨Tphp[u eyŸdp¨ Arcdfiey_° A`pf h°]$_pAp° h°W$hu

`X$u-k¢L$X$p° bpZp°\u ifuf th^pB_° QpfZu S>°hy¨ \B Ney¨ - [°_p kpf\u_y¨ d©–ey-f\_y¨ [|V$hy¨-

rl¨d[ _ lpfhu f\rhrl_-r_:iı” \ep `R>u L$ZÆ_° `V$L$u `pX$hp° - ^_yÛe R>u_hu g°hy¨ -

S>du_ `f `X°$gp bpZp°\u ]y$Ìd_p°_p° dyL$pbgp°-L$p•fh`n_u L$`V$_uq[-A_ur[_y¨ ApQfZ-

A°L$gp Arcdfiey_u V$Ω$f Tughp Akd\Æ L$p•fh`n_p Ó°õ$ ep°ŸpAp° A_ur[ ApQfhu -

ApMf° L©$ÛZ_u L$ V$_ur[\u Arcdfiey_y lZhy iL$e b_hy - A¨[ ky u A[|V$ ip•eÆ-dfZiËep

`f `X°$gp ArcdfieyA° R>°Îgu `mp°dp¨ `p°[p_° dpfhp Aph[p L$pmL°$[y_° N]$p\u ‚lpf-dpfu

_pMhy¨-dlpcpf[_p° khÆÓ°õ$ ep°Ÿp°.

4. "L°$ L$pNm lqf gM° [p° ......' L$pÏedp¨ ÏeL$[ \[u dufp¨_u L©$ÛZ-cqL$[.

S>. Ap cqL$[ Nu[dp¨ L$rh fd°i `pf°M `p°[p_p r‚e[d ‚cy ÓuL©$ÛZ_p L$pNm_u fpl

≈°B_° b°W$°gu dufp¨bpB_u d_:sı\r[ A_° L©$ÛZcqL$[_y¨ cphhplu Apg°M_ fS|> L$eyØ R>°. L$p°B

kpdpfie ‚°rdL$p `p°[p_p ‚°du_p `”_u fpl S>yA° [°_p L$f[p¨ []π$_ Sy>]$u fu[° dufp¨bpB_u sı\r[

]$ipÆhu R>°. [°_° L$p°B bu≈ `pk° ÓuL©$ÛZ° gMpÏep° lp°e [°hp° `” _\u ≈°B[p°. A°_u [p° A°L$S>

T¨M_p R>° L°$ Óu L©$ÛZ ≈[° L$gd `L$X$u_° L$pNm `f T|L$u_° `p°[p_° `” gM° A_° A° `”


dufp¨_° lp\p° lp\ lp¢Q° ? L$pNm f T|L°$gp L©$ÛZ_p dyNV$_p dp°f r`√R>_p° X$R>pep° L$pNm f

`X$ep° lp°e A°V$gy¨ S> dufp¨_° ≈°BA° R>uA°. A°hp° `” _ Aph° –ep¨ ky^u `p°[° pk gB_° ∆hu

flu R>° [° `°gp V$`pgu_p Mpgu \°gp S>°hp° A°_° cpk° R>°. Apd Ap Nu[dp¨ dufp¨_u A_fie

L©$ÛZcqL$[ ÏeL$[ \B R>°.

‚$-$f (L$$$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p°_p dyÿpkf S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. "dpZk Mp°hpep° R>°.....' hL$[Ïe ı`Ù$ L$fp°.

S>. L$rh Ìepd kp y S>Zph° R>° L°$ dpZk Mp°hpep° R>° A_° [° Ap e” eyNdp Ly$]$f[\u OZp°S> ]|$f

QpÎep° Nep° R>°.

d_yÛeA° cp•r[L$ kyM_u ‚pr· dpV°$ S>° Ap¨^mu ]$p°V$ d|L$u R>°. S>°_° L$pfZ° [° kpr–hL$ kyM d°mhu

iL$[p° _\u. nrZL$ kyM d°mhhp dpV°$ Apd[°d af[p° fl° R>°. Ap kyM d°mhhp S>[p¨ d_yÛe

Ly$]$f[\u ]|$f S>[p° f¸p° R>°. A_° Ap•`QpqfL$ b_u Nep° R>°.

d_yÛe_p ∆h_dp¨\u D–kpl - Dd¨N_u ApN byTpB NB R>°. [°d R>[p¨ S>° L$p°B bpL$u

f¸y¨ R>° [°dp¨\u L$k M¢Qhp_p° kpr–hL$ Ap_¨]$ Z [° dpZu iL$[p° _\u. Ap^yr_L$ dp_h V$p°mpdp¨

∆h° R>°. Apd [° `p°[p_y¨ AgN ÏeqL$[–h Mp°B b°W$p° R>°. ApS>_p° d_yÛe AMbpfp°dp¨ Anf

\B_° _pV$L$_u S>°d cS>hpe R>°. ApS>_p dpZkdp¨ dpZkpB_u Mpdu ]°$Mpe R>°.

Apd, "dpZk' Mp°hpep° R>°. NTgdp¨ L$rhA° dpZk ÏeqL$[–hlu_ b_u Nep° R>°. A°

rhQpf kQp°V$ L$ep£ R>°.

f. L$rh Óu ky¨]$f∆ b°V$pB_p rQ—dp¨ D`k[y¨ duW$u dp_y¨ ıdfZ [dpfp iÂ]$p°dp¨ Apg°Mp°.

S. "`p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey¨....' L$rh Óu ky¨]$f∆ b°V$pB_y¨ L$√R>u A_° Ap°MpB bp°gu_p° kfk

D`pX$ fph[y A°L$ Nu[L$pÏe R>°. Ap L$pÏedp¨ L$rh ky]$f∆ b°V$pBA° i•ihL$pm\u [°d_u ıd©r[dp¨

kQhpB fl°gu [°d_p h[__u L°$V$guL$ ÏeqL$[Ap°_u R>buAp°_y¨ Apg°M_ L$eyÆ R>°. duW$udp A°hy¨S>

A°L$ `p” R>°. duW$udp_u A°L$-b° rhi°j[pAp°_° gu^° L$rh [°d_° c|gu iL$ep _\u.

duW$udp_u Ap°fX$u_° AX$L$u_° A°L$ bp°fX$u Ec°gu l[u. bp°f_u F>[ydp¨ [°_p `f MV$duW$p¨

bp°f Aph[p¨ bp°f Mphp dpV°$ –ep¨ S>[p¨ bpmL$p°_° duW$udp¨ bp°f Mphp ]°$[p¨ _rl. duW$udp_u

Ap°fX$u Qp°huk° L$gpL$ bp°fX$u_u Qp°L$u L$f[u Ecu l[u. L$rh A_° [°d_p bpmc°fy L$p°BL$ hpf

kplk L$fu_° bp°f T¨T°X$u_° gB S>[p [p° [°d_° bp°f_u kp\° kp\° duW$udp_u duW$u Npmp° `Z

Mphu `X$[u l[u.

L$rh_p rQ—dp¨ duW$udp_y¨ Aphy¨ d^yf ıdfZ DcfpB Aph[p¨ [°Ap° ‚kfi_[p A_ych°

R>°.

3. "kp¨S> `l°gp_u kp¨S>......' L$pÏe_° Ap^pf° kp¨S> A_° b`p°f° h√Q°_p° c°]$ ı`Ù$ L$fp°.

S>. ‚L©$r[ A_° d_yÛe_p k¨b¨^_y¨ kfk k|Q_ L$f[p L$rh Óu h°ZucpB `yfp°rl[ "kp¨S>

`l°gp¨_u kp¨S>....' Nu[dp¨ _d[p° lp°f A_° Y$mu Ne°gu k¨›ep A° b¨_° ‚lfp° h√Q°_p° c°]$ fS|>

L$f° R>°. L$rh L$l° R>° L°$ b`p°f hM[° ApL$pi A_° `©’hu b¨_° bmy¨bmy¨ \[p¨ lp°e R>°. bpm° A°hp°


[X$L$p° Qp°Nf]$d lp°e R>°. L$p°B`Z _Nfdp¨ b`p°f ‚dpZdp¨ rblpdZp° A_° Aip¨[ lp°e R>°°.

kp¨S> b^u> frmepdZu lp°e R>°. [X$L$p° L$p°L$fhfZp° b_u S>[p° lp°e R>°. qL$fZp°dp¨ ]°$Mp[u L$fX$pL$u

Ap°R>u \hp dp¨X°$ R>°. `¨MuAp° TpX$ `f `pR>p¨ af° R>°. A_° d¨q]$fp°dp¨ Apf[u hM[° O¨V$pfh i$Í$

\pe R>°. Y$p°f `pR>p¨ af[p¨ lp°e R>° –epf° Y$p°f_p `Ndp¨\u DX$[u Np°-fS> (Npe_p `N\u DX$[u

fS>L$Z) Nd[ugp¨ ]°$Mp[p¨ lp°e R>°. L$p°fy¨^pL$p°f ApL$pi, kp¨S>_° kde° f¨NcfQL$ \B S>[y¨ lp°e

R>°.

4. L$hre”u `flp _peL$_° `p°[p_p¨ bp iu-iu ‚h©r—Ap° L$f[p¨ ]°$Mpe R>° ?

S. "ıd©r[c∞d' L$pÏedp¨ L$hre”u `flp _peL°$ ◊πrÙ$c∞d_u Api¨L$p_p° r_]£$i L$fu_° `Z [uh∞

dp[©ıd©r[_y¨ k¨h°]$_ fS|> L$eyØ R>°. L$hre”u d¨q]$f° S>[p¨ –ep¨ ]$f°L$ cqL$[cphhpmu ı”udp¨ `p°[p_p¨

bp_p¨S> ]$iÆ_ \pe R>°. d¨q]$f_u blpf Npep°_° Opk _uf[u, rcMpfuAp°_° ]$p_ Ap`[u, d¨q]$f_p¨

`Nr\ep¨ f b°ku_° cS>_p° Np[u A_° Qp°L$dp¨ yÛ`p° fp°h[u ı”uAp°dp¨ [°d_° p°[p_u bp_p¨S>

]$iÆ_ \pe R>°. L$hre”u_p¨ bp ∆h[p¨ l[p¨ –epf° d¨q]$fdp¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fhp S>[p¨ [°dS> cqL$[cph\u

A_° ÓŸp`|hÆL$ ]$p_`yŒe L$f[p¨. Afie ÓŸpmy [\p cqL$[cphhpmu ı”uAp°dp¨ L$hre”u_° [°d_y¨

‚r[tbb r_lpmhp dm° R>°.

Apd, cqL$[cph\u R>gL$p[u Afie ı”uAp°_p Í$`° ≈Z° L$hre”u_p bp S> Aphu_°

cqL$[, `|≈ A_° ]$p__p¨ L$pep£ L$f[p¨ lp°e A°hp° L$hre”u_° "ıd©r[c∞d' \pe R>°.

‚$-$f (X$$$) _uQ°_p ‚Òp°_p V|¨$L$dp¨ S>hpb Ap`p°.

1. `[¨qNep_u L$rh_p rQ— `f \e°gu Akf S>Zphp°.

S.> ]$iÆ_°rfi÷e_p dp_hklS> A_ych_u L$pÏep–dL$ ArcÏeqL$[ L$f[y L$pÏe "`[¨rNey.......'

L$rh Óu ep°k°a d°L$hp__u ky¨]$f fQ_p R>°.

‚L$pi_u `p[mu f°Mp_° X$pmu dp_u_° Ofdp¨ Aph°gy¨ `[¨rNey¨ L$rh_p rQ—_° ‚kfi_[p\u

cfu ]°$ R>°. `[¨rNey¨ [p° dp°S>\u rhlpf L$fu Qpgu Ney¨ `f¨[y L$rh_u ◊rÙ$ [X$L$p_u [°S>f°Mp_°

X$pmMu dp_u_° Apcpku kp•]$eÆ dpZ[u flu. kpdpfie gpN[p ‚k¨N_u kp¶]$eÆ`|ZÆ A_yc|r[

L$rh dpZ[p f¸p.

f. L$rh "L$pfi[' dl°dp_p°_u ip dpV°$ ndp dpN° R>° ?

S>. "dl°dp_p°_° k¨bp°^_.....' L$pÏe_p L$rh "L$pfi[' _° A°d gp¡ey¨ L°$ p°[° L$rh filp_pgpg_u

ApN[p ıhpN[p k¨[p°jL$pfL$ fu[° L$fu iL$ep _\u. [°\u [°Ap° Ar[r\_u ndp dpN° R>°.

Ar[r\‚°du dpZk_p ˘]$e_p¨ ]$iÆ__u kp\° S> L$rh L$pfi[_u _d∞[p A_ychpe R>°.

3. "f¨NgeNr[' L$pÏedp¨ L$rh M°[f_° i°Y°$ L$B-L$B hı[yAp° Sy>A° R>° ?

S>. ‚cp[_u kud_p kp¶]$eÆ_° L$V$ph_p geeyL$[ Nu[dp¨ Apg°M[p¨ L$rh drZgpg ]°$kpB

‚L©$r[_p¨ f¨N, ge A_° Nr[_y¨ ]$iÆ_ L$fph° R>°.


fp°S> khpf° X$p¨Nf_p M°[fdp¨ L$Zkgp¨ `h_dp¨ Apd[°d rlgp°mp g° R>°. [°d_u D`f

Y$p°mp[p° [X$L$p° `Z ≈Z° X$p¨Nf_p° ùmp° f¨N ^pfZ L$fu g° R>°. L$rh M°[f_p i°Y$p `f Mug°gp¨

fpB_p¨ ump¨ ag Sy>A° R>°. [°d_p f X$[p° [X$L$p° Z ump° f¨N pfZ L$fu_° T|g[p° ≈°hp dm°

R>°. L$epfpdp¨ hpgp°m_p h°gpAp° `f `X$[p° [X$L$p° ^°fp° gugp° f¨N ^pfZ L$f° R>°. _∆L$dp¨ \p°f_u

hpX$ R>°. [°_p `f _S>f `X$[p¨ gpN° R>° L°$ \p°f_u V$p°Q `f ApL$pi_p° Vy$L$X$p° fp[p° QV$pL$ f¨N Q|du

f¸p° R>°. i°Y$p_u blpf Ec°gp Ap¨bp `f\u V$lzL$p L$fu_° EX$u S>[p¨ `¨Mu `Z L$rh_° ≈°hp dm°

R>°. _uL$dp¨ MmMm[y¨ `pZu A_° [°dp¨ Admp[y¨ ApL$pi L$rh_y¨ ›ep_ M°¨Q° R>°. [°dp¨ L$rh_°

k|fS>_p Aı[Ïeı[ Vy$L$X$p [f[p A_° f°gp[p ≈°hp dm° R>°.

4. L$rh _p_pgpg_u ÿrÙ$A° agX$p¨-L$V$p°fu S> Ad©[ Tughp dpV°$ ep°¡e R>°. - kd≈hp°.

S>. "a|gX$p¨-L$V$p°fu' L$pÏe_p L$rh dp_° R>° L°$ Qp¨]$_u Agp•qL$L$ q]$Ïe [–h R>°. ≈° Ad©[ A¨S>rgdp¨

rTgpe [p° ]$k° Ap¨NmuAp°_p rR>]∞dp¨\u ]$k ^pfpA° hlu≈e. hmu A¨S>rgdp¨_p Ry>¨]$ZpAp°\u

Ap Ad©[ ]|$rj[ \pe. Of[u `f_p ky¨]$f A_° `rh” agp° `Z Ly$]$f[_u q]$ÏefQ_p R>°. dpV°$

Qp¨]$_uÍ$ù Ad©[ _° agX$p¨-L$V$p°fudp¨ Tughp_y¨ L$l°hpdp¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.

‚$-$3 (A$) _uQ° Ap`°gp rhje `f Apif° f00 iÂ]$p°dp¨ r_b¨^ gMp°.

1. Ap`Zp¨ OX$h•ep bp¨^h Ap`Z°.(dp_hu `p°[° S> `p°[p_p° cp¡e rh^p[p - S>°hy hphp° [°hy gZp° - Ap–d kı\p`_ dpV°$_p°

yfyjp\Æ - D√Q ∆h_ - dl–hL$p¨np - gˇe Ap¨bhp_p r_ÛW$p |hÆL$ ‚e–_p° - ∆h_OX$[f dpV°$_p `p°[p_p Ap]$ip£ - `yfyjp\Æ rh_p ‚pfÂ^ `p¨Nmy¨ - D`k¨lpf.$&& C⁄_Z oh og‹`p›V H$m`m©oU Z _ZmaW°:$&&$ Z oh gwflVÒ` qghÒ` ‡odeo›V _wI _•Jm: $&&)

2. d_° riiy [Zu Nd° kfm k©rÙ$ / dpfp i•ih_p¨ k¨ıdfZp°.(‚ı[ph_p - i•ih_u r_]$p£j, r_Mpgk, _dZu, _d|_°]$pf ıh‡_k©rÙ$ - hX$ugp°_uhlpg`_p° A_ych - bpm`Z_p MV$duW$p¨ d^yf k¨ıdfZp°_u TgL$ - ipmp ∆h__pdı[ucepÆ q]$hkp°_u ]$pı[p_ - [p°ap_u [fL$V$p°_u ep]$u - D`k¨lpf.""AmVm h° `mX _wPH$m JwOam h˛Am O_mZm,dm PmS>r`m± M_ZH$s dm _am Amoe`mZm $&'')

3. ”u≈ rheyŸ_u cep_L$[p.(c|[L$pmdp¨ b° rheyŸp°_p° L$X$hp° A_ych - Aœbp°Áb_p ‚ep°N° h°f°gp° rh_pi -kp•_° gp¡ey¨ S>N[_° ”uSy>¨ rheyŸ ºep¨ gB S>i° ? dp_h[p dfu `fhpfu - Ap^yr_L$rdkpBgp° S>°hp Ap^yr_L$ iı”p°_u k¨lpfgugp - ∆hdp”_u _pdi°j \B S>hp_ui¨L$p-Ly$i¨L$p - cp•r[L$hp]$u fpÙ≤$p°A° dp_hue d|Îep° rhQpfhp S>Í$fu - S>Í$f R>° byŸ_u_rl L°$ eyŸ_u.)

4. D_pmp_p b`p°f° .. ”prldpdπ.(hjpÆ, iu[ A_° DÛZ - ”Z F>[yAp° - ]$f°L$_u ApNhu ApNhu R>V$p - ‚L©$r[_p L$fpgL$p°dm Í$`p° ≈°hp dm° - D_pmp_p° b`p°f M|b S> ApL$fp°, ”pk]$peL$ - `Z b`p°f_y¨`Z kp¶]$eÆ - fdZue[p - khÆ” Apmk_y¨ kpd∞pƒe - dp_hu_u rhrh^ ‚h©r—Ap° -Nfdu\u ”ı[ ∆hdp” - ìy `¨MuAp° `Z dpmpdp¨ T|g° - kp°_hZw [X$L$p_y¨ ”pV$L$Nd[y¨ _\u - W¨$X$p `pZu_u ƒepa[.)


5. ‚]|$jZ - A°L$ kphÆr”L$ kdıep.(epr”L$ eyN_p° dlpfp°N - kdN∞ rhdp Ïep °gp° R>° - cpf[dp ‚dpZ h^pf° tQ[pS>_L$- S>m, hpey, ı\m_p ‚]|$jZp° - ›hr_ ‚]|$jZ_u dp_h `f O°fu Akfp° - ∆hdp”_pAsı[–h dpV°$ ≈°MdÍ$` -rhop_° Apù kyM kyrh^pAp° A_° Apù A_°L$ kdıepAp°- r_hpfZ dpV°$_p D`pep° - D`k¨lpf.)

6. c|L¨$`_u k¨lpf gugp / ^f[uL¨$` A°L$ Ly$]$f[u Apa[.(‚ı[ph_p - ‚L©$r[_p° Nyıkp° - cep_L$ gugpAp° - c|L$ \hp_p L$pfZp° - ^f[uL$ _prh_piL$ ◊Ìep° - NyS>fp[, cyS>dp¨ \e°gp° c|L¨$` - dp_h[p_p° kp]$ - fpl[ L$pep£_p°rhrh^ A_ych - kdpS>k°hu k¨ı\pAp°_u k°hp - kfL$pfu klpep° - c|L¨$`_u kS>Æ_p–dL$Akfp° - S>m_° ı\p_° ı\m, ı\m_° ı\p_° S>m - rhkS>Æ_ `R>u _hkS>Æ_ - D`k¨lpf- ıdip_h[π ip¨r[_p° A_ych.)

7. c∞Ù$pQpf - A°L$ fpÙ≤$Ïepù L°$fikf / c∞Ù$pQpf_p cfX$pdp¨ cpf[.(‚ı[ph_p - c∞Ù$pQpf A° S> ≈Z° riÙ$pQpf - c∞Ù$pQpf_p rhrh^ n°”p° - c∞Ù$pQpfuAp°A_° [°Ap°_p A^d L©$–ep° - c∞Ù$pQpf ApQfhp_p L$pfZp° - _•r[L$ d|Îep°_y¨ A^:`[_ -c∞Ù$pQpf _p\hp_p D`Qpfp°.)(""]°$i [p° Apbp]$ \p[p \B Nep°, [¢ iy¨ L$eyØ ?]°$i [p° bfbp]$ \p[p flu Nep°, [°¨ `yŒe L$p°œ¨ Aphu_° W$eyØ ?gp¨Q, Í$Ìh[, dp¢Ohpfu, kNphp]$,_p kudp ...'' - ıh.Óu Ddpi¨L$f ≈°ju)

8. kyrirn[ b°L$pf_u Ap–dL$\p.(‚ı[ph_p - ""L$l°hu kyZhu L$p°_° _ Nd°, fk frkL$X$p¨_u hp[ ∆ ...'' - S>fid -i•ihpı\p - dp[pr`[p_p rinZ k¨ıL$pf - A°L$rQ—° rh¤pÊepk - D√Q rinZdp¨ƒhg¨[ kam[p - _p°L$fu ^¨^p dpV°$_p° Arhf[ ‚e–_ - Af∆ `f Af∆ `Z L$p°BS>Z_u df∆ _\u _p°L$fu Ap`hp dpV°$ - A” [” fTm`pV$-r_fpipceyØ ∆h_ gpN°Ap b°L$pf_° - D`k¨lpf.)

9. ApS>_p rh¤p\w_u d|ThZp° A_° dTpAp°.(‚ı[ph_p - rh¤p_p° A\w rh¤p\w - ∆h_dp¨ rh¤p_y¨ dl–h - ApS>_y¨ rinZ`funpgnu - i•nrZL$ n°”° r_õ$p_p° khÆ” Acph - ""V$Èyi_ A°V$g° fieykfik'' -op_ d°mhhp_p A¨[fpep° `yÛL$m - `funp\u S> d|Îep¨L$_ \pe - `funpAp°dp¨ Qp°fuA°L$ Ar_Ù$$ - d|Îer_õ$ rinZ_p° Acph - rinZ A°L$ h°`pf - dp¢Oy]$pV$ rinZ -rinZ d°mÏep `R>u _p°L$fu_u fpdpeZ - kpQp rh¤p\w_° \[p° khÆ” Afiepe -rh¤p\w S>N[ kı[p d_p°f¨S>__p dpN£ - D`k¨lpf.)

10. dp [° dp / dp[©‚°d.(dp[p_p° r_:ıhp\Æ ı_°l - rinZ - k¨ıL$pf, L$fyZp_u d|r[Æ [° dp - ""S>__u_u ≈°X$kMu _rl S>X°$ f° gp°g'' - A°L$ kydp[p kp° rinL$p° kdp_ -$&& OZZr O›_^yo_¸ ÒdJm©Xo[ Jnaòg $&&- `p°[° ]y$:Mp° klu_° `Z k¨[p_p°_° kyM A`£ - hp–kÎecph_p° AM|V$ c¨X$pf - $&& _mV• Xdm ^d $&& -""S>__u_p l•epdp¨ `p°Y$¨[p `p°Y$¨[p ù^p° L$ky¨bu_p° f¨N'' ıh. Th°fQ¨]$ d°OpZu - ""`y”Ly$`y” b_° ºepf°L$, dp[p Ly$dp[p _ b_° ºhrQ[π'').


‚$-$3 (b$$$) Al°hpg°M_ L$fp°.

1. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ DS>hpe°g bpgp°–kh_u DS>hZu_p° Al°hpg $100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ [•epf L$fp°.

S>. X$p°. khÆ Îgu fpOpL©$ÛZ__p° S>fid q]$hk "rinL$ q]$_' [fuL°$ DS>hpe R>°. [° ‚p¬e`L$dp¨\u

ApNm hû_° fpÙ≤$`r[_p `]$ kyû `lp°¨√ep l[p. [° rinL$_y¨ k]$pe Np•fh L$f[p. Ap\u Ap

q]$hk° Ó°õ$ rinLp°_° "fpÙ≤$ue A°hp°XÆ$' Ap`hpdp¨ Aph° R>°.

rinL$ q]$__u DS>hZu r_rd—° Adpfu ipmp_p ‚p\Æ_p M¨X$dp¨ A°L$ kcp_y¨ Apep°S>_

L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey l[y. d¨Q f aglpf\u kyip°rc[ X$p°.khÆ Îgu fp^pL©$ÛZ__u dp°V$u R>bu d|L$hpdp¨

Aphu l[u.

L$peÆæ$d iÍ$ L$f[p¨ `l°gp¨ ‚p\Æ_pNp_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ `R>u ipmp_p ApQpeÆÓuA°

L$peÆæ$d_p dyøe dl°dp_ Óu dp__ue OpfpkÊe c|`°fi]π$cpB gpMhpmp_p° `qfQe Ap‡ep°

A_° `yÛ`Ny√R> hX°$ [°d_y¨ ıhpN[ L$eyØ. Adpfp hNÆrinL$ Óu S>°.ku.r”h°]$u kpl°b° Ad_°

rinL$ q]$__y¨ dl–h kd≈Ïey¨ [dpd hNp£_p rh¤p\w ‚r[r_rÂp°A° kp• rinL$cpB-bl°_p°_y¨

Nygpb _p agp° \u ıhpN[ L$eyØ. A°L$ rh¤p\wA° X$p°.fp^pL©$ÛZ__p ep]$Npf ∆h_ ‚k¨Np° hZÆÏep¨,

R>°Îg° L$peÆæ$d_p dyøe dl°dp_ dp__ue c|`°fi]πcpB A° "fpÙ≤$_p OX$[fdp¨ rinL$p°_p° apmp°' A°

rhje `f Apif° AX$Op L$gpL$_y¨ hL$[Ïe Ap‡ey¨. [°dZ° A° hp[ `f Mpk cpf d|L$ep° L°$ ]°$i_°

dpV°$ kpfp _pNqfL$p° [•epf L$fhp_u iqL$[ rinL$dp¨S> fl°gu R>°.

A¨[dp¨ ipmp_p r_h©— rinL$p°_y¨ ipg Ap°Y$pX$u_° kfidp_ L$fhpdp¨ ApÏey¨ `R>u fpÙ≤$Nu[

NpB_° kp• rhMfpep¨.

f. [dpfu ipmpdp¨ ‚≈k—pL$ q]$__u DS>hZu_p° Al°hpg Apif° 100 iÂ]$p°dp¨ [•epf L$fp°.

S>. f6 ≈fieyApfu_p fp°S> Adpfu ipmpdp¨ ‚≈k—pL$ q]$_ _u DS>hZu blzS> D–kpl

Dd¨N kp\° L$fhpdp¨ Aphu l[u.

Adpfu ipmp_p kp° rh¤p\wAp° A_° rinL$p° iÍ$ \[p `l°gp Ad° ipmpdp¨ Aphu

`lp°√ep l[p. L$peÆæ$d iÍ$ \[p `l°gp Ad° kp• d°]$p_ `f Np°W$hpB Nep l[p. ^p°-10 _u

`funpdp¨ kpfp NyZ° `pk \_pf rh¤p\wAp°A° hL$[Ïedp¨ ]°$i dpV°$ Dèp°Nu L$pep£ L$fhpdp¨ ÷Y$

k¨L$Î` L$fhp k|QÏey¨ –epfbp]$ kp•_° `[pkp¨ _pı[p° Ap`hpdp¨ ApÏep¨.

‚≈k—pL$q]$_ r_rd—° ipmp_p ‚p\Æ_p bp]$ kp¨ıL©$r[L$ L$peÆæ$ddp¨ _pV$L$, gp°L$Nu[,

kd|l_©–e, A°L$`p”ue Arc_e [\p ]°$icqL$[Nu[ _y¨ Apep°S>_ \ey¨ ipmpdp¨ A_°L$ kyip°c_

iZNpf L$fpep¨ W$°L$W°$L$pZ° f¨Np°mu, L$fpB ]°$icL$[p°_p `p°ıV$fp° Qp°¨X$ep, "Adf irl]$' _y¨ _pV$L$

ep°≈hy¨ Ap L$peÆæ$d b° L$gpL$ kyû QpÎep° l[p. Ap L$peÆæ$d _y¨ kdN∞ Apep°S>_ ApQpepÆ

rinL$p° _° Apû_ kf`¨Q `Z kgpdu dpV°$ lpS>f f¸p¨ ]°$icqL$[ _pV$L$ dp¨ bpmL$p° A° cpN

cS>Ïep¨ Ap L$peÆæ$d ]$f°L$ dpV°$ M|b ‚°fZp]$peu b_u f¸p¨.

L$peÆæ$d_p A¨[° ipmp_p ‚dyMÓuA° rhrh^ ı`^pÆ_p shS>°[pAp°_° C_pd kp\° iprÂ]$uL$

Arc_¨]$_ Ap‡ep l[p¨.

Ap L$peÆæ$d ArNepf hpN° `|fp° \ep°. kp•A° rh]$pe guû.


‚$-$3 (L$$) _uQ°_p aL$fp_y¨ hp¨Q_L$fu ”u≈ cpNdp¨ k¨n°` L$fu [°_y¨ ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

1. d_yÛedp”_p° p°[p_p X$p°iu ‚–e° l°gp° dÆ R>°. A°dp f]°$iu_p° ‹°j _\u A\hp ıh]°$iu_p°

`n`p[ _\u. ifuf^pfu_u k°hp L$fhp_u isº[_° depÆ]$p R>°. A° `p°[p_p `X$p°iu_° dyÌL°$gu\u

`lp¢Qu iL°$ R>°. `p°[p_p `X$p°iu ‚–e°_p° ^dÆ lz bfp°bf `pmy¨ [p° S>N[dp¨ L$p°B d]$]$ rh_p ]y$:Mu

_ \pe. `X$p°iu_u k°hp L$f_pf ApMp S>N[_u k°hp L$f° R>° A°d L$lu iL$pe. `X$p°iu ‚–e°_p

^dÆ_y¨ `pg_ A°V$g° S>N[ ‚–e°_p ^dÆ_y¨ `pg_. S>N[_u k°hp bu∆ fu[° Aiºe R>°; S>°

`X$p°iu_° [fR>p°X°$ R>°, _° `p°[p_p ip°M_° `|f° R>° [° ıh°√R>pQpfu R>°, ıh√R>¨]$u R>°. [° L°$hm `p°[p_p

dpV° $ S> ∆h° R> °. S> °_ ° d_ ApMy ¨ S>N[ Ly $V y ¨ $b R> ° [ °_pdp ¨ b^p_u k°hp

L$fhp_u isº[ lp°hu ≈°BA°. S>N[_u k°hp `X$p°iu_u k°hp hX°$ S> \B iL°$.

- Np¨û∆.

"`X$p°iu ^dÆ'

`X$p°iu_u k°hp L$fhu A° d_yÛe_p° `l°gp° `X$p°ku ^dÆ R>°. `X$p°iu_u k°hp A° ApMp

S>N[_u k°hp R>°. S>° L°$hm `p°[p_u kyMpL$pfu_p° S> rhQpf L$f° A_° `X$p°iu ‚–e° D`°np k°h° [°

ıh°√R>pQpfu L°$ ıh√R>¨]$u L$l°hpe. [d° Ap S>N[_° [dpfy¨ Lÿ$Vy¨$b dp_[p lp° [p° [dpfp kp•

Ly$Vy¨$buS>_p°_u k°hp L$fhp_u iqL$[ [dpf° L°$mhhu ≈°BA°.

f. yı[L$ Ap yr_L$ dp_hu_° Ap_]$ Ap`_pf kp•\u Dd]$p A_° kp•\u riı[$ kp^_ R>°. [°_p° Ap_]$

A_°fp° S> lp°e R>°. `yı[L$_u ‚isı\ L$fuA° [°V$gu Ap°R>u. dpZk_° [°_u kp\° A°hu dlp°Âb[

R>° L°$ yı[L$ kp\° [° lk° R>°, fX°$ R>°, D]$pk \B ≈e R>°, Ap_¨]$ `pd° R>°. yı[L$_u lpS>fudp¨

`p°[p_u ≈[ kp\° hp[p° L$fhp gpN° R>°. A_° `p°[p_u ≈[_° ºepf°L$ [p° dp” `yı[L$ `pk° S> [°

Myâu L$f° R>°. `yı[L$ dp_hu_° dpV°$ q]$gp°≈_ ]$p°ı[ R>°. `yı[L$ A°L$ rhıdeL$pfL$ hı[y R>°. [°_°

cp•r[L$ ifuf lp°e R>°. A_° [°_° Ap–dp `Z lp°e R>°. rhQpfp°, gpNZuAp°, ^bL$pf, op_,

dprl[u, L¨$B L°$V$gyë këp°rS>[ \B_° [°dp¨\u `yı[L$ b_° R>°. [°_u kp\° [d° hp[p° L$fu iL$p° R>p°.

"`yı[L$p° kpQp rd”p° R>°'

Ap^yr_L$ eyNdp¨ `yı[L$ dp_hu_° Ap_¨]$ Ap`_pf qiı[$ kp^_ R>°. d_yÛe `yı[L$ kp\°

Ap°[`∞p[ \B ≈e R>°. `yı[L$ dp_hu_p° kpQp° rd” R>°. `yı[L$_° cp•r[L$ ifuf Ap–dp R>°.

^bL$pf gpNZu, L°$V$gyë këp°∆[ R>°. `yı[L$dp¨\u Ap_¨]$ ‚p· \pe R>°.

"`yı[L$p° kpQp rd”p° R>°' - iujÆL$ Apù iL$pe.

3. gp°L$[”_p A_°L$ Ap^pfp° R>°. A° b^pdp ≈° L$p°B A°L$ dyøe A_° dl–h_p° Ap^pf lp°e [p°

[° ‚–e°L$ Ïesº[A° rhipm gp°L$kdy]$pe_p rl[dp¨ `p°[p_p A¨N[ ıhp\Æ A_° gpc d°mhhp_u

◊rÙ$_° S>[u L$fhu [° R>°. ≈° Ap`Z° Ap`Zp kdN∞ Br[lpk_p rhipm agL$_y¨ EX$[u _S>f°

Ahgp°L$_ L$fuiy¨ [p°e° A° S>Zpep rh_p _rl fl° L°$ Ap`Zp ]°$idp¨ kpfp rhQpf L$epÆ rh_p


bu≈_p rl[p°_p cp°N° ıhp\Æ kp^hp_u h©r—A° l¨d°ip khÆ_pi _p°[ep£ R>°. _p_p dp°V$p Adg]$pfp°

`p°[p_u S>hpb]$pfu ‚–e° b°`fhp R>°. ƒep¨ Sy>Ap° –ep¨ Ap°Ry>¨ L$pd L$fhp_u cph_p R>°. L°$mhZu

`pd°g gp°L$p°dp¨ `Z bu≈_y¨ rl[ rhQpfhp_u h©r— ºep¨ ]°$Mpe R>° ? Ap b^y¨ ApMf° Ap`Z_°

ºep ¨ ] $p °fu S>i° ? Ap`Z° –ep ¨ gp °L $p °_ y ¨ fpƒe ı\`pey ¨ R> °, `Z A°_° dpV ° $_p °

dS>by[ `pep° _¨Mpep° _\u, A° A°L$ rhhp]$\u `f, A°hy¨ k–e R>°.

- `¨qX$[ kyMgpg∆.

"gp°L$[¨”_p° `pep°'

"gp°L$[¨”_p° `pep°' ‚–e°L$ ÏeqL$[ gp°L$rl[ dpV°$ ıhp\Æ, ◊rÙ$_° S>[u L$f° A° gp°L$[¨”_p°

`pep_p° Ap^pf R>°. c|[L$pmdp¨ Ap`Zp ]$°idp¨ rhh°L$i|fie ıhp\Æh©r— A° S> khÆ_pi _p°[ep£ R>°.

ApS>° `Z khÆ” b°S>hpb]$pfu, L$pdQp°fu, ıhp\Æ gp°gy`[p ]°$Mpe R>°. Ap`Z° –ep¨ gp°L$[¨”

dpV°$_p° dS>by[ `pep° _¨Mpep° _\u.

‚$-$4 ($A) (1) _uQ°_y¨ L$pÏe hp¨Qu, [°_u _uQ° Ap`°gp ‚Òp°_p D—f [dpfu cpjpdp¨ Ap`p°.

1. TpX$hpÄ° R>pëX$p_u dp¨X$u ]y$L$p_,^¨^pdp¨ fp°L$u R>° `p°[p_u d|X$u bû,A°V$g° L°$ kOmp¨ e° `p_.`p°[p_p° L$pfcpf Qgh° R>° TpX$hy¨L$p°Z ≈Z° L°$hp¨ L°$hp¨ dp`°.Aph_pf dp¨N° ≈° Q`V$ucf R>pëX$p°[p° Mp°bpcf R>pëX$p° Ap`°.A°_p\u h°`gp° iy¨ \pe S>°_°,lp°e _lv ”pS>hp¨ _° L$pV$gp¨_y¨ cp_.k|fS> rh]$pe \[p gpN° k¨L°$ghpA° Apc [°d `p\epÆ `\pfp.dp¨X°$ rlkpb `X$u A°L$gy¨ [p°,hL$fpdp¨ L°$V$gpe lp°e lpiL$pfp.bp¨û g° Np¨W°$ NŒep rh_p A°,`fQ|fZ rkΩ$p S>° `¨Mu_p Np_L$p°B_° `Z \pe A°_° ]°$hpmy¨ a¨L$hp_p°,Aphi° q]$hk ApS>L$pgdp¨.ApS> gNu [p° e A°_p° h°`gp° [p°,Qpg° R>° kdS>Z_u blpf_u L$dpgdp¨,A°L$gy¨ A° TpX$ _\u g|¨V$p[y¨,Apd A°_y¨ g|¨V$p[y¨ ApMyë Mp_]$p_.

- Óu S>N]$ui Ïepk

1. TpX$hpÄ° ip_u ]y$L$p_ dp¨X$u R>° ? A°dp¨ L$B d|X$u fp°L$u R>° ?

2. TpX$hy¨ A°_u `pk° Aph_pf_° iy¨ Ap`° R>° ?


3. k|fS> rh]$pe \[p¨ TpX$hy¨ iy¨ L$l° R>° ? A°_p hL$fpdp¨ iy¨ iy¨ R>° ?

4. L$rh TpX$hp_p h°`pf A¨N° iy¨ L$l° R>° ?

5. L$pÏe_° ep°¡e iujÆL$ Ap`p°.

S>hpbp°.

1. Tp¨X$hpA° R>pëX$p_u ]y$L$p_ dp¨X$u R>°.

TpX$hp_u ]y$L$p_dp¨ TpX$hp `f ENu r_L$m°gp kOmp¨ `p_ [fuL°$ d|X$u fp°L$u R>°.

f. Tp¨X$hy¨ A°_u `pk° Aph_pf_° Mp°bp° cfu_° R>pëX$p° Ap`° R>°.

3. k|fS> rh]$pe \[p¨ Tp¨X$hy¨ bûS> q]$ipdp¨ Dd¨Nc°f R>peX$p¨_p `\pfp `p\f° R>°.

A°_p hL$fpdp¨ L°$V$gpL$ gp°L$p°_p q]$gdp¨\u _uL$m[p¨ lpiL$pf, `nu_p Nu[p° Í$ù `fQ|fZ

rkΩ$p R>°.

4. L$rhÓu S>N]$ui Ïepk TpX$hp_p h°`pf A¨N° L$l°[p L$l° R>° L°$, "ApS> fu[° h°`pf L$fi° A°L$

q]$hk A°_p h°`pfdp¨ ]°$hpmy¨ Aphu S>i°, A°_p° S>° h°`pf Qpg° R>° [° kdS>Z blpf_p°

h°`pf R>° A_° hmu L$rh A°d `Z L$l° R>° L°$ A°_p h°`pfdp¨ dp” TpX$ g|V$p¨[y¨ _\u `Z

ApMyë Mp_]$p_ g|V$p[y¨ ApÏey¨ R>°.'

`. Ap L$pÏe_° "TpX$hp_p° h°`pf' S>°hy¨ ep°¡e iujÆL$ Apù iL$pe. A\hp "R>pëX$p_u ]y$L$p_'

iujÆL$ A\hp "`fp°`L$pfu h©n' iujÆL$.

(f) riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp,

_rl L$p°B kp\ L°$ k¨Np\,_rl –ep¨ L°$X$u L°$ _rl hpV$,QY$hp QY$pZp° [ky [ky A°L$gp¨,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.rge° A° dpfN _f L$p°B b¨L$X$p,R>p°X$u Apm _° `¨`pm,fpMu fpd•ep° fM°hpm,L$pQu f° R>p[u_p¨ b°k° [pL$[p¨,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.QX°$ A° KQ° S>° dp¨l° X|b[p,S>°_° Ap[d_p° k¨Np\,A°_p° Tpg° lqfhf lp\,`¨X$_° M|h° [° ‚u[d `pd[p,riMfy¨ KQp _° dpfN ApL$fp.

- d_kyMgpg Th°fu

1. L$rh_p d[° riMfp° `f QY$hp_y¨ ip dpV°$ dyÌL°$g R>° ?

2. KQp riMfp°_p dpN£ L°$hp ‚L$pf_p dpZkp° S>B iL°$ ?

3. "QX°$ A° KQp S>° dp¨l° X|$bhp' A°d$ L$rh ip dpV°$ L$l° R>° ?

4. Óu lqf L$p°_° d]$]$ L$f° R>° ?

5. ‚u[d_° `pdhp_p° Ar^L$pf L$p°_° dm° R>° ?


S>hpbp°.

1. L$rh_p d[° riMfp° f QX$hp_y¨ dyÌL°$g R>°. L$pfZL°$ riMfp° EQp R>° A_° dpNÆ ApL$fp R>°.

L$p°B kp\u L°$ k¨Np\ _\u. L$p°B L°$X$u L°$ fı[p° `Z _\u.

f. S>° blp]y$f b¨L$p _f lp°e S>°_° Bfdp¨ cfp°kp° lp°e S>°Z° bu∆ Apm-`¨`pm R>p°X$u ]$u^u

lp°e [°hp dpZkp° S> A° dpN£ S>B iL°$ R>°.

3. Ap–dÓ›^p_p bm° rhL$pk L$fhp° A°V$g° Ap–d]$iÆ_ L$fhy¨, A¨[fdp¨ X|$bL$u dpfhu S>°

Aphu fu[° A¨[dyÆM b_u iL°$ [°S> EQ° QX$u iL°$.

4. S>°_pdp¨ Ap–dÓ›^p lp°e, S>° `p°[p_p Ald_° Ap°Npmu iL°$ [°_° S> Óu lqf d]$]$ L$f° R>°.

`. S>° dpZk p°[p_p "lz' ]$_° Ap°Npmu p°[p_u ≈[_° c|gu ≈e [°_° S> ‚u[d_° pdhp_p°

Ar^L$pf R>°.

3. Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°,lp° c°fy dpfp, Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°A°L$ dl°_[_p lp\_° TpguA°,lp° c°fy dpfp, Ap`Z° cfp°k° Ap`Z° lpguA°My]$_p° cfp°kp° S>°_° lp°e _lv f° [°_p°My]$p_p° cfp°kp° _L$pd;R>p° _° A° A°L$[pf° NpB NpB_° L$l°;"[pf° cfp°k°, fpd !'A° [p° Mp°Vy¨$ f° Mp°Vy¨$ r`R>pZuA°, lp° c°fy,bm_° bplzdp¨ cfu l•epdp¨ lpd dpfukpNf dp°Tpf° TyL$phuA°;Ap`Zp¨ hlpZ_p¨ kY$ _° kyL$p__°Ap`Z° S> lp\° k¨cpmuA°, lp° c°fy.L$p°Z f° Xy$bpX°$ hmu L$p°Z f° DNpf°,L$p°Z gB ≈e kpd° `pf;A°_p° L$fh•ep° L$p° Ap`Zu blpf _lv,Ap`Z° S> Ap`Z° R>BA°, lp° c°fy.

- ‚lπgp]$ `pf°M

1. "[pf° cfp°k°, fpd' A°hy¨ Np_pf_° L$rh ip dpV°$ Mp°V$p° L$l° R>° ?

2. L$rh L$ep kpNfdp¨, L°$hu fu[° A_° iy¨ TyL$phhp dpN° R>° ?

3. Ap`Z° S> Ap`Z° R>BA° - kd≈hp°.

4. L$rh L$p°_p° lp\ Tpghp_u hp[ L$f° R>° ? ip dpV°$ ?

5. kdN∞ L$pÏe ‹pfp L$rh iy¨ L$l°hp dpN° R>° ?

S>hpbp°.

1. "[pf° cfp°k° fpd' ! A°d L$lu b°ku fl°_pf dp_hu `yùjp\Æ_° V$pm° R>°. A°hu ÏeqL$[_°

Ap–drhpk lp°[p° _\u. A_° S>°_° `p°[p_u iqL$[dp¨ ÓŸp _ lp°e [°_u dpV°$ Bf `f_u


ÓŸp `Z r_f\ÆL$ S> _uhX°$ R>°. Ap\u A°hp ‚pfÂ^hp]$u-dp_hu_° L$rh Mp°V$p° (Mp°V$u

rhQpfkfZu ^fph_pf) L$l° R>°.

f. L$rh k¨kpfÍ$ù kpNfdp¨ ∆h_Í$ù lp°X$u_° tld[`|hÆL$ TyL$phhp dp¨N° R>°.

3. Ap`Z°S> Ap`Z° ]$BA° `¨qL$[ ‹pfp L$rh ∆h_dp¨ `yùjp\Æ_y¨ ‚bm dl–h kd≈h°

R>°. ∆h_Í$ù _ph_° [pf_pf L°$ Xy$bpX$_pf Ap`Z° p°[°S> R>uA°, Afie L$p°B _\u. kM[

`qfÓd ‹pfp Ap`Z° kam[p_p¨ riMfp° kf L$fu iL$uA° R>uA°, `f¨[y ∆h__° cp¡e

`f R>p°X$u b°ku fluA° [p° Ap`Z° lp\° L$fu_° ∆h__° ]$epS>_L$ b_phu ]$BA° R>uA°.

4. L$rh dl°_[_p lp\_° Tpghp_u hp[ L$f° R>°. L$pfZL°$ kM[ dl°_[ S> dp_hu_° ∆h_dp¨

S>hg¨[ kam[p A`ph° R>°.

`. L$rh L$l°hp dpN° R>° L°$ dp_hu `p°[p_p `yùjp\Æ\u A_° `p°[p_p cfp°kp\u S> ∆h_dp¨

kam[p d°mhu iL°$.

‚$-$4 (b$$$) _uQ° Ap`°g `¨qL$[Ap°_p° A\Ærhı[pf :-

1. EN° L$dm `¨L$$dp¨ []$r` ]°$h rif° QX°$,

_rl Ly$m\u qL$fi[y d|g d|ghpe NyZp° hX°$.

S>. L$rhA° Ap `¨qL$$[Ap°dp¨ ]$ipÆÏey¨ R>° L°$ ]y$r_ep Ly$m_° _rl, `Z NyZp°_° `|S>° R>°. ÏeqL$[_y¨

d|Îep¨L$_ [°_p Np°” L°$ hï `f\u _rl. `Z [°_pdp¨ fl°gp NyZp° `f\u \pe R>°.

L$rh Ap [’e Ly$]$f[dp¨\u D]$plfZ Apù_° kd≈h° R>°. L$dm L$p]$hdp¨ EN° R>°. Apd

[°_y¨ Ly$m-L$p]$h-L°$hy¨ k|N QX°$ A°hy¨ lp°e R>° ? R>[p¨ L$dm_° p°[uL$$u kyhpk R>°. A_p°Mu ap°fd R>°.

A° klz_° ApL$jw g° R>° A°V$g° [p° gp°L$p° A°hp¨ ky¨Nû]$pf agp°_p° ]°$h`|S>_dp¨ Dèp°N L$f° R>°.

L$dm ]°$hdı[L°$ QX°$ R>°. Apd L$p]$hdp¨ S>fid°gp L$dm_° `p°[p_p NyZ_° gu^° S> KQy¨ ı\p_

‚p· \pe R>°.

dpZkp°_u bpb[dp¨ `Z dp°V°$ cpN° Ap L$\_ gpNy `X° R>°. d_yÛe_y¨ dl–h [°_p Ly$m

‚dpZ° _rl, `Z NyZ ‚dpZ° S> \pe R>°. Nd° [°hp Dd]$p Ly$mdp¨ dpZk S>fidep° lp°e, `Z

≈° [°_pdp¨ kpfp NyZp° _rl lp°e [p° gp°L$p° [°_y¨ dp_ _rl ≈mh°, [°_° L$p°B S>hpb]$pfu ceyØ

dl–h_y¨ ı\p_ _rl Ap`° ; kp• [°_u V$uL$p L$fi° A°\u EgVy¨$, lgL$p¨ Ly$mdp¨ S>fid°gp° dpZk

NyZhp_ li° [p° khÆ” [°_p° Ap]$pf \hp_p°, [°_° ‚r[rõ$[ ı\p_ dmhp_y¨ gp°L$p° [°_p NyZp°_u

`|≈ L$fhp_p S>.

gpgblp]y$f ipı”u, fpS>°fi÷ ‚kp]$, Ab∞pld tgL$_ hN°f° blz kpdpfie Ly$Vy$bp°dp¨ S>fiÁep

l[p, R>[p¨ [°dZ° L°$hu rkqŸ d°mhu ? Mf°Mf, S>N[dp¨ NyZ_u S> `|≈ \pe R>°. Ly$m_u _rl.

f. "S>N[_u kp• L$X$uAp°dp¨, ı_°l_u khÆ\u hX$u.

S>. S>N[_p b^p k¨b¨^p°dp¨ ı_°l_p° k¨b¨^ dyøe R>°. Ap S>N[dp¨ cgcgp¨ b¨^_p° [|V$u

≈e R>°. gp°M¨X$_u dS>b|[ L$X$uAp° [|V$u ≈e R>°. `f¨[y ı_°l_u L$X$uAp°_° L$p°B [p°X$u iL$[y¨ _\u.

‚°d ˘]$e_° S>L$X$u fpM° R>°. bu≈ k¨b¨^p°dp¨ ıhp\Æ, ‹°j, N°f kdS|>[u Ecu \[p¨ [°_° [|V$[p¨ L°$


rhMfp[p¨ hpf gpN[u _\u. `f¨[y ı_°l-‚°d_u `rh” cph_p_p¨ b¨^_p° L$epf°e [|V$[p¨ _\u.

kpQp° ‚°d Nd° [°hu `qfsı\r[dpë V$L$u fl° R>°.

Apd S>N[_p¨ khÆ b¨^_p°dp¨ ‚°d_y¨ b¨^_ A[|V$ R°.

3. rkqŸ [°_° S>B hf°, S>° `fk°h° _lpe.

S>. Ap`Zp ∆h_dp¨ kam[p d°mhhp dpV°$ Ap`Z° kM[ dl°_[ L$fhp_u S>Í$f R>°.

dl°_[_p¨ am duW$p¨ gpN° R>°. dl°_[ L$epÆ rh_p L$p°B`Z rkqŸ ‚p‡[ \[u _\u. `funpdp¨

kpfpNyZ d°mhhp dpV°$ L°$ ^¨^pdp¨ kpfu ‚Nr[ L$fhp dpV°$ Ap`Z° kM[ `qfÓd L$fhp° S> `X°$.

`qfÓd A°S> pfkdrZ R>°. qfÓd L$f_pf_° ‚pfÂ^ Z epfu Ap`° R>°. KQp d_p°f\ k°hhp

dp”\u Ap`Z_° kam[p dm[u _\u. ûfS> A_° M¨[ fpMu_° Ap`Z° dl°_[ L$f[p¨ fluiy [p°

Ap`Z_° Ap`Zp L$peÆdp¨ kam[p dmi° S>. A°V$g° A°L$ k¨ıL©$[ kycprj[dp¨ kpQy¨S> L$l°hpey¨

R>° L°$, "D¤d\uS> L$peÆrkrŸ dm° R>°. d_p°f\p° k°hhp\u _rl.'

4. Qlz¨ \php lz¨ e° d^yf Mug[y¨ `yÛ` _hgy¨,

`f¨[y _p B√R>p ∆h_ ∆hhp [pX$ [fy_y¨.

S>. Ap `¨qL$[Ap°dp¨ Dd]$p ∆h_ ∆hhp_u Arcgpjp ÏeL$[ L$fhpdp¨ Aphu R>°. ∆h_dp¨

r_f\ÆL$ dp°V$pB ]°$MpX$hu A_° L$p°B_p L$ipe° L$pddp¨ Aphhy¨ _rl A°_p L$f[p¨ _p_p fl°hy¨ kpfy¨. L$rh

L$l° R>° L°$ cg° _p_p fluA° Z Ap`œ¨ ∆h_ bu≈_° Dèp°Nu b_phuA° [p° fie \B S>hpe.

Ap hp[ ı`Ù$ L$fhp L$rh [pX$_p TpX$_y¨ D]$plfZ Ap`° R>°. [° OZu KQpB ^fph° R>°.

A_° [°_y¨ ApeyÛe ]$frdep_ L$p°B dykpaf_° [p`dp¨ R>pëX$p_u iu[m[p Apù iL$[y¨ _\u. [°\u

[°_y¨ ∆h_ r_f\ÆL$ NZpe. L$rh_u Arcgpjp R>° L°$ A°hp KQp [pX$ L$f[p¨ [p° lz¨ A°L$ _p_y¨ ag

b_u_° Mugy¨ [p° Oœ¨ R>°. [° AÎ` kde dpV°$ R>p°X$ `f flu_° cg° Mfu ≈e R>°. `f¨[y ApMp

q]$hk ]$frdep_ `p°[p_u d^yf kyhpk a°gphu_° Apk`pk_p hp[phfZ_° kyN¨r^[ L$fu ≈e R>°.

A°L$ L$rhA° Ap_p k¨]$cÆdp¨ ep°¡e S> L$¸y¨ R>° ;

"f° AÎ` ApeyÛe ! A`|hÆ Nu[ \•,

k¨kpf_° Ny¨S>_\u cfu ≈'.

`. kyM]y$:M [p° R>° ∆h__u d°Q,

L$p°B_p° aV$L$p° [p° L$p°B_p° L°$Q.

S>. L$rhA° Ap ky¨]$f kycprj[dp¨ ∆h_ ∆hhp_p° kpQp° dpNÆ ]$ipÆÏep° R>°. kycprj[p°A°

_p_pdp¨ _p_p hpL$e ‹pfp Ap`Zp ∆h__° fk`|ZÆ A_° d^yf b_phu ]°$ R>°. kycprj[ "tb]y$dp¨

tk^y' A_° "NpNfdp¨ kpNf' kdp_ lp°e R>°. [°_p° \p°Xp°L$ `Z Apıhp]$ dpZhp\u Ap`Zp

∆h__p° f¨N S> b]$gpB ≈e R>°.


‚ı[y[ kycprj[dp¨ L$rhA° kyM ]y:M_u hp[ L$fu R>°. kyM-]y$:M [p° A°L$ rkΩ$p_u b°

bpSy>Ap° R>°. Ap`Z° l¨d°ip ep]$ fpMhy¨ ≈°BA° ;

"KQu-_uQu aepÆ L$f°, ∆h__u OV$dpm ;

cf[u [°_u Ap°V$ R>°, Ap°V$ `R>u Sy>hpm'

kyM-]y$:M[p° ApÏep L$f° R>°. l¨d°ip¨ L$]$u kyM L°$ L$]$u ]y$:M V$L$[p _\u. [° cf[u A_° Ap°V$_u

S>°d Aph-≈ L$epÆ L$f° R>°. dpV°$ Ap`Z° kyMdp¨ R>L$u _ S>hy¨ ≈°BA° A_° ]y$:Mdp¨ tld[ lpfhu

_ ≈°BA°. kyM-]y$:M_° kdp_ cph° ıhuL$pfhp ≈°BA°.

kyM-]y$:M [p° "qæ$L°$V$_u d°Q' S>°hp R>°. S>°d qæ$L°$V$_u d°Qdp¨ A°L$ b°V$^f ≈e A°V$g° L°$

[°_u rhL°$V$ ≈e R>u [f[ S> bu≈ b°V$^f Aph° R>°. Apd hpfpaf[u b°V$^fp° ApÏep L$f° R>°. L$p°B

Mfpb b°V$^f `R>u l¨d°ip¨ d°Q_y¨ `pky¨ b]$g_pf kpfp° M°gpX$u Aph°S> R>°.

‚>-$4 (L$$$$) rh^p__p kpQp rhL$Î`p° :-

1. iugpA° A¨N∞°∆ cpjp iuMu gu^u L$pfZ L°$.....

S>. Ó©r[ S>Î]$u bp°g[p¨ iuMu iL°$ [° dpV°$ S>Í$fu l[y¨.

f. g°ML°$ "fy÷'_° dlpNS>ÆL$ L$¸p° R>° L$pfZ R>°........

S>. ≈°N_p ^p°^_u NS>Æ_pAp°dp¨ dyøe k|f [°_p° R>°.

3. L$ÎepZu `r[_° R>p°X$u_° ]$p]$p `pk° Aphu NB L$pfZ L°$.......

S>. ]$p]$p rh_p [° flu iL°$ [°d _lp°[u.

4. NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° R> l≈f `pR>u Ap`u ]$u^p L$pfZ L°$ ......

S>. h°Qu ]$u^°g c¢k bu∆hpf dp°[fpd_y¨ Of R>p°X$u `p°[p_° Ap¨NZ° Aphu l[u.

‚>$-$4 (X$$$$$) `p”-DqL$[

1. "A' "Ap'

1. L$piudp 1. "Adpfy¨ NZ[f lh° ip L$pd_y¨ ?'

2. L$dy 2. "cpcuA° Mphp _ Ap`° A°hu L$≈[ _\u.'

f. "A' "Ap'

1. r‚ep 1. "kp¨cm, Mfpb kdpQpf Ap`hp_p R>°.'

2. NZ`[ 2. "Np¨X$u, hu[u hp[ ep]$ _ L$fuA°.'

3. "A' "Ap'

1. ∆[ycpB 1. "]$]$w_u sı\r[ N¨cuf gpN° R>°.'

2. rS>]y$_p\ 2. "]$uL$fu [p° kpkf° S> ip°c°_° b°V$p ! '


4. "A' "Ap'

1. X$p¸pcpB 1. "`p˛ey¨ L|$[fy¨ `N° hmN° [° Ap_y¨ _pd.'

2. ∆[ycpB 2. "]$]$w_u sı\r[ N¨cuf gpN° R>°.'

‚-$4 (B) L©$r[ A_° kprl–eL$pf

1. "A' "Ap'

1. gp°lu_u kNpB 1. Bf `°V$guL$f

2. A°L$ A°L$fpf 2. Bfi]y$gpg eproL$

f. "A' "Ap'

1. f¨NgeNr[ 1. drZgpg ]°$kpB

2. `©r\huhâc L°$d 2. L$_•epgpg dy_iu

3. "A' "Ap'

1. b° gOyL$\p 1. dp°l_gpg `V°$g

2. d›epå_y¨ L$pÏe 2. L$pL$p L$pg°gL$f

‚>-$4 (N) `p” A_° L©$r[

1. "A' "Ap'

1. Abp°gp fpZu 1. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[

2. duW$udp 2. `p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey¨

f. "A' "Ap'

1. L$pmL°$[y 1. fZdp¨ Arcdfiey

2. X$p¸pcpB 2. L$piudp_u L|$[fu

3. "A' "Ap'

1. Np°hp° _phu 1. `p¨S>° h[_∆ NpÎey¨

2. hgcp° 2. ApNNpX$u_p A_ych

4. "A' "Ap'

1. S>Ω$gp]°$hu 1. `©r\huhâc L°$d M¨Qpep° ?

2. L$dy 2. gp°lu_u kNpB


`. "A' "Ap'

1. dp°[ufpd 1. ≈L$pfp°

2. rcÎgd 2. `©r\huhâc L°$d M¨Qpep° ?

‚>-$4 (l) L©$r[ A_° kprl–e ‚L$pf :-

1. "A' "Ap'

1. R>°âp° L$V$p°fp° 1. ErdÆL$pÏe

2. kdrÙ$_p k–e_y¨ 2. `¤ _pV$L$

lzë fsÌd

f. "A' "Ap'

1. `ây¨ L$eyØ [° `r[ 1. `¤ hp[pÆ

2. aº[ `¨]$f rdr_V$ 2. f°qX$ep° _pV$L$

3. "A' "Ap'

1. A°L$ A°L$fpf 1. Ap–dL$\p M¨X$

2. k–e A_° Atlkp 2. tQ[_p–dL$ r_b¨^

3. "A' "Ap'

1. agX$p¨ L$V$p°fu 1. ErdÆNu[

2. dlp]°$hcpB_u X$pefu 2. fp°S>_uiu.

4. "A' "Ap'

1. ApNNpX$u_p A_ychp° 1. _hgL$\p M¨X$

2. `L$X$p° L$gd _° 2. NTg

‚>-$4 (3) L$pÏe `|r[Æ :-

1. bpB, Ad° `L$X$u ........ Q|¨]$X$u lp° ∆.bpB, Ad° `L$X$u Ap¨brgep_u X$pm f°,

S>¨Ng dp¨lu A°L$gu lp° ∆.Ap°[f-]$MZ\u QX$u A°L$ hp]$mu f°, hfıep bpf° d°O f°,

bu≈_° dpf° ApMX$u lp° ∆._]$u f° qL$_pf° b°W$p° A°L$ bNgp° f°, l¨kgp° ≈Zu L$uû ‚u[f°,

Sy>Ÿ$pdp¨ Tpgu dpR>gu lp° ∆.ag_p° `R>°X$p° Ap°Yy¨$ ‚°dOpV$X$u f°, bpB, dpfp° ipdrmep° cf\pf f°,

bu≈_° dpf° Q|¨]$X$u lp° ∆.


f. Apcdp¨ TuZu Tb|L°$ huS>mu f° ........ _• ≈hp ]$J ApL$fu f°.Apcdp¨ TuZu T¨b|L°$ huS>mu f°,

L°$ TuZp Tfdf hfk° d°l ;Nygpbu ! L°$d L$fu ≈ip° QpL$fu f° ? ..... Apcdp¨.

cv≈e lp\u_° cu¨≈e Op°X$gp¨ f°,L°$ cu¨≈e lp\u_p° b°k[g k|bp° ;

Nygpbu L°$d L$fu ≈ip° QpL$fu f° ? ...... Apcdp¨.

‚-5. (L$) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u kpQu ≈°X$Zu gMp°.dyÎe`”uL$p-d|Îe`r”L$p kyÓykp-iyÓ|jp huflurZ-rhfrlZu_|L$kp_-_yL$kp_ `[¨rNey-`[¨qNey ©s’h- ©’huAcui°L-Arcj°L$ ‚r[r[-‚[ur[ qL$duep°-L$urdep°∆¨]$rN-tS>]$Nu `frbX$uey-`fbuqX$ey q]$hpkrm-]$uhpkmuApiwhp]-ApiuhpÆ]$ `qfı\[u-`qfsı\r[ r_dœ¨L$-r_dZ|L$rhS>mu-huS>mu N∞lı\-N©lı\ ‚[ubvb-‚r[tbbdyıL°$gu-dyÌL°$gu Mybkyf[-M|bkyf[ L$pfL$w]$u-L$pfqL$]$uÆL|$[|lg-Ly$[|lg `yZwdp-`|rZÆdp qfk°j-qfk°k]$u¡huS>e-q]$s¡hS>e klp_|cyr[-klp_yc|r[ ∆opkp-rS>opkp_whpZ-r_hpÆZ cyfuihp-c|qfÓhp Aı\pdp-A–\pdp

`yfpZuL$-`p•fprZL$

‚-5. (M) (1) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u k¨r^ R|>V$u `pX$p°.rcfl-rc]π$+_ `©’hu-`©\y+B Ïeı[-rh+Aı[r_ÛZp[-r_kπ+_p[ DÎgppk-D]π$+gpk k¨Nu[-kdπ+Nu[`h_-`p°+A_ d_p°lf-d_kπ (d_:) +lf k¨kpf-kdπ+kpf ]y$ep£^_-]yk+ep°^_ Dfl[-D]π$+_[ rhjd-rh+kd^_ybpÆZ-^_ykπ+bpZ DŸpf-D]π$+lpf ıh√R-ky+A√R>d_:‚]°$i-d_kπ+‚]°$i D√Qpf-D]π$+Qpf q_fk - r_kπ / r_fπ / r_:+fkAÊepk-Arc+Apk r_fnf-r_kπ+Anf _hp°Y$p-_h+EY$pÏehlpf-rh+Ahlpf ‚r[rõ$[-‚r[+sı\[ r_Ûam-r_kπ (r_:)+amkd©qŸ-kdπ+F>s›^ A_¨[-A_π+A¨[

(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u k¨r^ ≈°X$p°.k©S>+r[-k©rÙ$ rh+Apr^-Ïepr^ r_+E_-fie|_frh+Bfi÷-fhufi÷ L$]$p+Ar`-L$]$pr` Óp°+A_-ÓhZ‚r[+AL-`∞–e°L$ kdπ+N∞pd-k¨N∞pd k]$p+A°h-k]•$hr_kπ+iÂ]-r_:iÂ]$ ]y$kπ+N¨^-]y$NÆ¨^ ‚+_°[p-‚Z°[pA°L$+AN∞-A°L$pN∞ NS>+Bfi÷-NS>°fi÷ k[π+ApQpf-k]$pQpf‚pe:+rQ—- ∞perÚ[


(N) (1) _uQ°_p kdpk_p aº[ ‚L$pf gMp°.(1) ‹fi‹ kdpkdp-bp` A¨ °-A¨ ∆ZÆiuZÆY$p°f-Y$p¨Mf Np¨X$u-O°gu L$fpm-L$p°dm[X$L$p-R>pëX$p ]¨$`r[

(f) d¬ed`]$ gp°ù kdpkL$Î`h©n ı_°lip•eÆ S>NdpgZugp°L$hpeL$p Apd¨”Z `r”L$p dfZ`p°L

(3) [–`yùj kdpktQ[p[yf QfZfS _¨]$_¨]$_eyŸkà> N]$p‚lpf kyfp–d≈k¨kpfk°hL h_dpmp

(4) L$dÆ^pfe kdpk`fNpd op_dp” ÌepdhZÆdlpfpS> ∆h_ky¨]$fu lu_S>fid°TpL$mag kdcph ]$qfep]°$h

(`) D``]$ kdpkf–_pL$f Ace]$p rNqf^fA_yS d_p°lf eip°]$p`¨L$S ce¨L$f

(6) blzh∞url kdpkrh^hp _MriM Q[ycyÆSQv\f°lpg Abmp A°L$p¨L$uQ¨÷h]$_u `p]$”pZ A_°L$f¨Nur_cÆe A`qfrQ[.

(N) (f) iÂ]$ kd|lp° dpV°$ A°L$ iÂ]$ Ap`p°.gp°Y$p_y¨ bpZ - _pfpQOu ùfkhp dpV°$_y¨ hpkZ - hpY$ueyŸ° QY°$gu hufp¨N_p - fZQ¨X$uf\ `f khpf \e°gp° ep°Ÿp° - f\uL$]$u M|V°$ _rl [°hy¨ - AM|V$fp[_y¨ cp°S>_ - hpmy¨_fp°dp¨ Ó°õ$ - _f`y¨NhNpep°_p Qpghp\u DX$[u fS>- Np°fS>≈Ap° L$lu_° L$pY$u d|L$hy¨ - ≈L$pfp°AZu_° hM[° - [pL$X°$.


(O>) (1) L$[Æqf hpºefQ_p b_php°.1. fp≈-fpZu\u L$p°B_y¨ l•epapV$ Í$]$_ k¨cmpey¨.S>. fp≈-fpZuA° L$p°B_y¨ l•epapV$ Í$]$_ kp¨c˝ey¨.2. Sy>dp\u `pX$p_p° `N _ _uL$mu iºep°.S>. Sy>dp° `pX$p_p° `N L$pY$u _ iºep°.3. V≤°$__p° AhpS> ı`Ù$ k¨cmpep°.S>. (Sy>dpA°) V≤°$__p° AhpS> ı`Ù$ k¨pc˝ep°.4. d¨Ny\u L$`X$p¨_y¨ cp_ fMp[y¨ _ l[y¨.S>. d¨Ny L$`X$p¨_y¨ cp_ fpM[u _ l[u.`. ]$uL$fp\u Ap¨Mp° g|R>pB.S>. ]$uL$fpA° Ap¨Mp° g|R>u.6. Adf[L$pL$u\u Ap Op kl_ _ \ep°.S>. Adf[L$pL$uA° Ap Op kl_ _ L$ep£.7. dl°dp_p°\u Op°X$pNpX$udp¨ b°ku rh]$pe \hpey¨.S>. dl°dp_p° Op°X$pNpX$udp¨ b°ku rh]$pe \ep.8. dp[p\u bpmL$_° rhM|Vy¨$ `X$pe ?S>. dp[p bpmL\u rhM|Vu$ `X°$ ?9. ‚cpi¨L$f\u kp°edp¨ ]$p°fp° _ `fp°hpep°.S>. ‚cpi¨L$f kp°edp¨ ]$p°fp° _ `fp°hu iºep.10. Óyr[\u lphcph\u hp[p° \[u l[u.S>. Óyr[ lphcph\u hp[p° L$f[u l[u.

(O>) (1) _uQ°_p hpºep°_y¨ k|Q_p dyS>b `qfh[Æ_ L$fp°.ñ L$dÆrZ hpºe fQ_p b_php°.

1. h_dpmu h_dpmp `l°f° R>°.S>. h_dpmu\u h_dpmp l°fpe R>°.f. S|>_u MMX$^S> Apdgu ”Z°e dL$p_p°_° Y$p¨L$[u.S>. S|>_u MMX$^S> Apdgu\u ”Z°e dL$p_p° Y¨$L$p[p¨.3. L$piudpA° Np°m_y¨ fp°Xy$ a¢ºey¨.S>. L$piudp\u Np°m_y¨ fp°Xy¨$ a¢Lp$ey¨.4. lkdyM `p_ gphhp_y¨ c|gu S>[p° l[p°.S>. lkdyM\u `p_ gphhp_y¨ c|gu S>hp[y¨ l[y¨.6. [y¨ iugp_° Afiepe L$fu f¸p° R>°.S>. [pfp\u iugp_° Afiepe L$fpB f¸p° R>°.7. rQfpeyA° h˜ a¢L$u _ ]$u^y¨.S>. rQfpey\u hı” a¢L$u _ ]$°hpey¨.8. dpZk° `yfyjp\Æ L$fhp° ≈°BA°.S>. dpZk ‹pfp `yùjp\Æ L$fphp° ≈°BA°.9. ‚dp°]$fpe° _S>f R>p`p D`f fd[u L$fu.S>. ‚dp°]$fpe\u _S>f R>p`p D`f fd[u L$fpB.


10. dp°[ufpd_° NZ`[° `•kp Ap‡ep.S>. dp°[ufpd_° NZ`[\u `•kp A`pep.11. ApQpe£ \p°X$u riMpdZ Ap`u.S>. ApQpeÆ\u \p°X$u riMpdZ A`pB.

(O>) (1) ‚°fL$ hpºefQ_p b_php°.1. L$piudp_u hlzAp° fpl[L$pd dpV°$ fhp_p \B.S>. L$piudpA° hlzAp°_° fpl[L$pd dpV°$ fhp_p L$fu.2. L$piudpA° L$pbfu_° fp°V$gp_p° VyL$$X$p° _pøep°.S>. L$piudpA° `y” `pk° L$pbfu_° fp°V$gp_p° V|$L$X$p° _¨MpÏep°.3. L$piudp_y¨ _pL$ L$`pey¨.S>. L$pbfuA° L$piudp_y¨ _pL$ L$`pÏey¨.4. Óyr[ b^y¨ kdS>° R>°.S>. iugp Óyr[_° b^y¨ kd≈h° R>°.`. ApQpe°Æ rh¤p\wAp°_° k|Q_p Ap`u.S>. ApQpe£ rinL$ ‹pfp rh¤p\wAp°_° k|Q_p A`phu.6. i°W°$ _ap° L$ep£.S>. Nydpı[pA° i°W$_° _ap° L$fpÏep°.7. NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° `•kp `pR>p Ap‡ep.S>. Ly¨$hf° NZ`[ `pk° dp°[ufpd_° `•kp `pR>p A`pÏep.8. dp_° bpmL$_u tQ[p \pe R>°.S>. bpmL$ dp[p_° rQ¨[p L$fph° R>°.9. NS>fpS> _ip\u QL$Q|f bfiep° l[p°.S>. dlph[° NS>fpS>_° _ip\u QL$Q|f b_pÏep° l[p°.

(O>) (f) ‚Òhpºe b_php°.1. [_° `°V$ _ ApÎe° d_° L$iy¨ dmhp_y¨ _\u.S>. [_° `°V$ _ ApÎe° d_° iy¨ dmhp_y¨ R>° ?2. dpfp `N_° R>pep_p° ApÓe _ S> dm°.S>. dpfp `N_° R>pep_p° ApÓe L$ep¨\u dm° ?3. bpf hjÆ_u R>p°X$u_° A°hy¨ cp_ S>Í$f Aph°.S>. bpf hjÆ_u R>p°X$u_° A°hy¨ cp_ _ Aph° ?4. fX$u `X$hp\u L$iy¨ \B S>$hp_y¨ _\u.S>. fX$u `X$hp\u iy¨ \B S>hp_y¨ R>° ?5. Ly$]$f[ ApNm b^p S> gpQpf R>°.S>. Ly$]$f[ ApNm L$p°Z gpQpf _\u ?6. blpf Mp[p afhy¨ A° N©lı\pB_p¨ gnZ _\u.S>. blpf Mp[p afhy¨ A° iy¨ N©lı\pB_p¨ gnZ R>° ?7. Qp°f Ap`Zp\u L$p¨B Sy>]$p° _\u.S>. Qp°f Ap`Zp\u L$p¨B Sy>]$p° R>° ?


8. [y¨ `Z Ap°R>p° Sy>_hpZu _\u.S>. [y¨ `Z L$ep¨ Ap°R>p° S>|_hpZu R>° ?9. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° L$p¨B gpNZu _ lp°e.S>. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° iu gpNZu lp°e ?10. ^f[u L$p¨B A°L$gp d_°M_p bp`_u _\u.S>. ^f[u L$p¨B A°L$gp d_°M_p bp`_u R>° ?

(O>) (f) rhr^hpºe b_php°.1. [_° tQ[p _\u.S>. [y¨ r_rÚ[ R>°.2. A°hX$p° Ód `Z iu]$ L$f° ?S>. A°hX$p° Ód L$fhp_u `Z L$p¨B S>Í$f _\u.3. L|$[fy¨ L$p¨B ]|$^ ]°$hp_y¨ R>° ?S>. L|$[fy¨ L¨$B ]|$^ ]°$hp_y¨ _\u.4. L$pbfu dfu _\u NB.S>. L$pbfu ∆h° R>°.`. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° iu gpNZu lp°e ?S>. ]$hpMp_phpmp_° L$p°B S> gpNZu _ lp°e.6. A°hp ]$uL$fpAp°_° iy¨ ]$uk[p fpMhp_p ?S>. A°hp ]$uL$fpAp° lp°hp_p° L$p°B A\Æ _\u.7. hlz_° lz¨ hpf¨hpf L$l°[p° _\u.S>. hlz_° lz¨ L$epf°L$ S> L$lz¨ Ry>¨.8. L$g¨L$ hNf_p¨ hfkp° L$p°_u `pk° lp°e ?S>. L$g¨L$ hNf_p¨ hfkp° L$p°B_u `pk° _ lp°e.9. Qd–L$pqfL$ h˜_° kp¨^hp_y¨ L$pd kl°gy¨ _\u.S>. Qd–L$pqfL$ h˜_° kp¨^hp_y¨ L$pd AOfy¨ R>°.

(Q) (1) _uQ°_p R>¨]$ Ap°mMphp°. (aº[ _pd Ap`p°)1. Ap[Æ_p]$ _ L¶$ L$u^p°, _p Q°Ù$p ı_°l_u L$iu.S>. A_yÙy$`2. L°$hu ky¨]$f ES>mu fp[, ]$uk° [pfpAp°_u cp[.S>. Qp°`pB3. a¨ap°ıey¨ kp• afuafu A_° lp\ gp¡ey¨e Mpıky¨.S>. d¨]$pæ$pfi[p4. hmphu bp Aphu r_S> kL$g k¨[p_ æ$di:.S>. riMqfZu`. Alp° ! N|¨\[y¨ L$p°Z `©’hu_° k¢\° TpL$m dp°[u dpm ?S>. kh•\p6. cdp° cf[M¨X$dp¨ kL$m cp°d M|¨]$u hmp°.S>. ©’hu


7. ]$u`L$_p b° ]$uL$fp, L$pS>m _° AS>hpi,A°L$ L$`|[ L$pmy¨ L$f°, bu≈° ]$ue° D≈i.

S>. ]$p°lfp°8. b¨Ngp b≈f bpN S>¨Ng_u TpX$u S>°hp,

ûfS> ^fpe _rl A°hp Mphp ^pe R>°.S>. d_lf9. QmL$pV$ [pfp° A° S> `Z [yS> M|__u [ghpf R>°.S>. lqfNu[10. ]°$M rbQpfu bL$fu_p° `Z L$p°B _ ≈[p¨ `L$X°$ L$p_,

A° D`L$pf NZu Bf_p° lfM lh° [y¨ tl]y$ı[p_.S>. kh•ep

(Q$) (f) _uQ°_p R>¨]$_p D]$plfZp° Ap`p°.1. d¨]$pæ$pfi[p.D]$p>. - aäp°ıey¨ kp• afuafu A_° lp\ gp¡ey¨ e Mpıky¨.

- ip°Lp$h°i° ˘]$e cf[u L¨$`[u cur[Ap°\u.- ]|$f° ip°c° Dce [V$ Ap ip¨[ L$psfi[ kylph°.- _p rinp_p¨ L$\_ L$\hp¨ eyL$[ [pfp¨ kdu`°.

2. riMqfZu.D]$p>. - hlu Qpgu k¨›ep NN_ dlv _p L$p° O_ ]$uk°.

- Ak–ep° dp¨l°\u ‚cy `fd k–e° [y¨ gB ≈.- l∆ [pfu L$pep dyS> _e_ kpd° T¨mlm°.- L$]u$ dpfu `pk° h_h_ [Zp¨ lp°[ Ly$kydp°.

3. A_yÙy$`.D]$p>. - ku[p_p° ]$pMgp° g°hp, [y¨ AhÌe Ecu \i°.

- `r[A° ùW$ ]$uû_° ]$re[p ]°$M[u flu.- ıh‡_dpë° _ k|T°gu, dp_°gu d_\u _rl.- L$põ$_u `|[mu S>°hu Ecu ı[Â^ b_u flu ; h©r—Ap° khÆ Ïlpgp_u rhgp°L$u dyM hp¨Q[u.

4. `©’hu.D]$p>. - kdy÷ cZu D`X$ep L$df_° L$ku f¨N\u.

- AV¨L$ df∆rhep, X$N cf¨[ D–kpl_p¨.- A_° Ar^L$ A°\ue° Adf A°_u Ap–dpL$Zu.- d_° iuiy [Zu Nd° kfm k©rÙ$ ı_°l°cfu.

5. d_lf.D]$p>. - KV$$ L$l° Ap kcpdp¨ hp¨L$p A¨Nhpmp c|¨X$p c|[mdp¨ ìy A_° `nuAp° A`pf R>°.

- `p°gy¨ [° [p° bp°Îey¨ [°dp¨ [¢ iu L$fu L$pfuNfu, kp¨b°gy¨ hNpX°$ [p° lz¨ ≈œ¨ L°$ [y¨ ipZp° R>°.- Apq]$–e_p° Aı[ \p[p¨ \pe R>° A¨^pfy¨ ^b, apfbk rh_p A°hu, ]y$r_ep ]°$Mpe R>°.- A°L$ cp°mp° cpcp° dp°V$p M°[fdp¨ dpm° QX$u, lfZp¨_° lp¨L°$ A_° `nu_° EX$pX°$ R>°.


6. Qp°`pB.D]$p>. - L$pmu ^p°mu fp[u Npe, `uA° `pZu Qfhp ≈e.

- ≈° ≈° f° dp°V$p_p¨ bp°g, Eà>>X$ M°X°$ bpƒ>ey¨ Y$p°g.- S>ep¨ _° –ep¨lp L|$X°$L|$X$, kpdpkpdu b°W$p O|X$.- ApL$pi° [pfp_u cp[, ^f[u l•e° ag rbR>p[, k∆Æ [p° L$ep¨ k∆Æ [p[, dp_h_p d_dp¨ d^fp[ ?

7. ]$p°lfp°.D]$p. - i°furd”p° kp° dm°, [pmurd” A_°L$ ;

S>°dp¨ kyM-]y$:M hpduA°, kp° gpM_dp¨ A°L$.- rd” A°hp° ip°^hp°, Y$pg kfuMp° lp°e ; kyMdp¨ `pR>m `X$u, fl° ]y$:Mdp¨ ApNm lp°e.- L$f[p¨ ≈m L$fp°rmep°, cp°¨e `X$u Ncfpe ; hZ[|V°$g° [p¨[Z° D`f QY$hp ≈e.- A°L$g `p¨M EX$pe _p, A°L$g _rl lkpe ; A°L$g frh _c k¨Qf°, A°_u cX$L°$ kmN° L$pe.

8. lqfNu[.D]$p>. - c|gp° cg° buSy>¨ b^y¨, dp-bp`_° c|gip° _rl ;

ANrZ[ R>° D`L$pf A°_p° A°l rhkfip° _rl.- S>° `p°j[y¨ [° dpf[y¨ A°hp° ]$uk° æ$d Ly$]$f[u.- S>ep¨ S>ep¨ _S>f dpfu W$f°, ep]$u cfu –ep¨ Ap`_u.- Ap ‚°d `pfphpfdp¨ filp[p¨ dfZ `Z rdÙ$ R>°.

9. kh•ep.D]$p>. - `yÛ`[Zu `p¨]$X$uA° b°ku lk[y¨ L$p°Z rQf¨[_ lpk ?

- `©’hu-Df\u EW°$ L$p°_p° kyfrc[ `ygqL$[ dyMqf[ pk ?- A¨[f_u A°fZ `f L$p°_u `X°$ l\p°X$u Q°[_Í$ ?- L$p°Z b]$g[y k¨›epL$pi° `g`g _hgp ‚°dg Quf ?

(R>$) _uQ°_p Ag¨L$pf_p aº[ ‚L$pf gMp°.(1) hZpÆ_y¨‚pk Ag¨L$pfD]$p. - g°i _ gu^p° grg[ Dfp°_p° Îlph ≈° !

- cS >f° cS> [y¨ c|[mdp¨.(f) edL$ Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - k¨kpf_u dpep_u R>pepdp¨\u L$pep_° dyº[ L$fp°.

(3) Ïer[f°L$ Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - lgL$p¨ [p° `pf°hp¨_u `p¨M\u, dlp]°$h\u e° dp°V$p∆.

- A°_y¨ ifuf [p° ag\ue° lgLy¨$ R>°.(4) ÏepS> ı[yr[ Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - dN_cpB dpBL$p¨Ngp° _\u. `p`X$[p°X$ `l°ghp_ R>°.

- rhS>e_° R>°âu `pV$gu `f b°khp_p° ip°M R>°.


(`) D–‚°np Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - g°ML$_u L$Î`_p ≈Z° df[u df[u `pR>u Aphu.

- ≈Z° L$p°B Ny_p° L$ep£ lp°e [°d rhipMp_y¨ dp°¨ `X$u Ney¨.(6) A_fihe Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - fS>`|[pZu A°V$g° fS>`|[pZu.

- V¨$X°$gpB B V¨$X°$gpB.(7) D`dp Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - S>°hp° MpMf aÎep° apNZ_p° [°hu ]$uk° ]°$l.

- ]$uL$fpAp° `pZu_u `°W°$ `•kp° hp`f° R>°.(8) Í$`L$ Ag¨L$pfD]$p>. - ag_p° `R>°X$p° Ap°Yy¨$ ‚°d OpV$X$u f°.

- bp_p dp¢ `f ip°L$_p¨ hp]$m R>hpB Nep¨.

(S>$) (1) _uQ°_p Í$qY$‚ep°N_p° A\Æ Apù, A\Æ_u ı`Ù$[p \pe [°hp hpºedp¨ [°_p° ‚ep°N L$fp°.1. rQ— qQfphyS>. [uh∞ h°]$_p \hu.

`y”_p AL$pm Ahkp_\u dp_y¨ rQ— rQfpB Ney¨.f. Ap¨Mp° W$fhuS>. Ap¨Mp° [©· \hu

Ap¨Mp°_° k¨[p°j \hp°.`y”_° gp¨bp Npm° `f]°$i\u Aph°gp° ≈°B dp_u Ap¨Mp° W$fu.

3. [X$L$p¨-R>pëX$p ≈°hpS>. kyM-]y$:Mdp¨\u `kpf \hy¨.

`r[_p¨ d©–ey bp]$ `–_uA° ∆h_dp¨ OZp¨ [X$Lp R>pëX$p ≈°hp `X$ep¨.4. L$p_ dp¨X$hpS>. ›ep_\u kp¨cmhy¨

`pX$p°iu_u hp[ kp¨cmhp [°Z° L$p_ dp¨X$ep¨.`. V$pY$L$ hmhu

d__° ip¨r[ \hu.]$uL$fp_° dp°X$u fp[° Of° `pR>p af[p¨ dp_p ˘]$e_° V$pY$L$ hmu.

6. `_pf° `X$hy¨L$p°B_u kp\° _p R|>V$L°$ k¨b¨^ bp¨^hp_u afS> `X$hu.AZNd[p rinL$ rh¤p\wAp°_° `_pf° `X$ep¨.

7. l•epdp¨ ^∞pkL$p° `X$hp°X$fu S>hy¨ ; buL$ gpNhu `funp_p kde° S dp°X$p `X$hp\u kyfrc_p¨ l•epdp¨ ^∞pkL$p° `X$ep°.

(S>$) (f) _uQ°_u L$l°h[ kd≈hp°.(1) `pfL$u dp S> L$p_ hv °, S>. `pfL$u dp S> L$p_ hu¨^° - S>°_u kp\° gp°lu_u kNpB _ lp°e A°hu ÏeqL$[Ap°S> bpmL$

D`f h y ‚cph`pX$u iL°$ A_° A° ”prl[ ÏeqL$[ S> [°_° ky^pfu iL°$ R>°°.


(f) A°L$ kpûA° –ep [°f [|V°$, S>. A°L$ kp¨ uA° –ep¨ [°f [|V°$ - OfMQÆdp¨ L$fL$kf L$fu_° dp¨X$dp¨X$ Np°W$hZ L$fuA° –ep¨ AZOpepÆ

MQÆ Aphu_° Ecp fl°.(3) dp°f_p HX$p¨ Qu[fhp¨ _ `X°$, S>. dp°f_p HX$p¨ Qu[fhp¨ _ `X°$ - dp-bp`_p k¨ıL$pfp° k¨[p_p°dp¨ Ap`p°Ap` E[fu

Aph°, L°$mhhp_u S>Í$f _ `X°$.(4) ]y$L$pmdp¨ Ar^L$ dpk, S>. ]y$L$pmdp¨ Ar^L$ dpk - ∆h_dp¨ A°L$ Apa[ `f bu∆ Apa[ Aph° [° sı\r[. ]y$L$pmdp¨

bpf drl_p[p° L$`fp lp°e A_° [°dp¨ [°fdp° drl_p° Dd°fpe [°_p S>°hu hp[.(`) L|$hpdp lp°e [p° lhpX$pdp¨ Aph°, S>. L|$hpdp lp°e [p° lhpX$pdp¨ Aph° - L|$hpdp¨ S> `pZu_p lp°e [p° [°_p `f b_ph°gp

lhpX$pdp¨ `pZu iu fu[° cfu iL$pe ? A° ‚dpZ° dp-bp`dp¨ k¨ıL$pf lp°e [p°bpmL$p°dp¨ [° E[f°, _sl [p° [°Ap° k¨ıL$pf lu_ S> fl°.

(6) DS>S>X$ Npddp¨ bpS>° (hpN°) Y$p°g, S>. DS>S>X$ Npddp¨ bpS>° (hpN°) Y$p°g - r_S>Æ_ ı\m° ≈l°fp[ L$fhp_p° L$p°B A\Æ _rl.

S>ep¨ L$p°B kp¨cm_pf S> _ lp°e, dpZkp°_u hı[uS> _ lp°e, –ep¨ S>B_° [d° Y$p°g hNpX$uhNpX$u_° Nd° [°V$gp ≈°fip°f\u ≈l°fp[ L$fp° [p° A°_p° L$p°B A\Æ Mfp° ? ]$cu _° rd’eprcdp_uD`]°$iL$p°_u hpZu `Z Aphu S> lp°e R>°. `°gp Y$p°g_p° AhpS> S>°d lhpdp¨ EX$u ≈e R°[°d, Aphp "L$l°hp[p dp°V$p' op_uAp°_u hp[p° `Z r_f\ÆL$ b_u fl° R>°.

(T$) (1) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p èpeÆhpQu iÂ]$p° gMp°.(1) eprd_u - fpr”, r_ip(f) hky^fp - ©’hu, ^f[u(3) ]y$Ìd_ - i”y, h°fu(4) `fpæ$d - ip•eÆ, blp]y$fu(`) kp°X$d - kyN¨ ,kp•fc(6) rhjp] - Ïe\p$, ]y$:M

(T) (f) _uQ°_p [m`]$p iÂ]$p°_p riÙ$Í$` gMp°.(1) L$mS>N - L$rmeyN(f) _L$f - _rl[f(3) R>p°X$u - R>p°L$fu(4) Q¨–ep - tQ[p(`) cp°Xy¨ -dp¨\y(6) hphX$p° - hpefp°

(V$) _uQ° Ap`°gp hpºe_y¨ rhÔg°jZ L$fp°.1. blpf\u gp°lu _uL$˛ey¨ _ l[y¨ `Z A¨]$f dpf hp¡ep° l[p° A_° A° b°lp°i \B NB l[u.S>. dyøe hpL$e :- blpf\u gp°lu _uL$˛ey¨ _ l[y¨.

Np•Z :-(1) A¨]$f\u dpf hp¡ep° l[p°.(f) A° b°lp°i \B NB l[u.

këp°S>L$p° :- "`Z', "A_°'.


2. A°_u ÓhZ isº[ `pR>u Aphu ≈e [p° ApMu kdıep_y¨ r_fpL$fZ \B ≈e.S>. dyøe hpL$e :- A°_u ÓhZiqL$[ `pR>u Aphu ≈e.

Np•Z :- ApMu kdıep_y¨ r_fpL$fZ \B ≈e.këp°S>L$p° :- "[p°'.

3. ‚dp°]$fpe_p° ıhcph `Z A°hp° L°$ A° kp•_y¨ L$pd L$fu R|>V$[p.S>. dyøe hpL$e :- ‚dp°]$fep_p° ıhcph `Z A°hp°.

Np•Z :- A° kp•_y¨ L$pd L$fu R|>V$[p.këp°S>L$p° :- "L$°'.

4. ]$uL$fp° \B_° ApV$gy¨ lz¨ _ L$fu iLy¨$ [p° dpfy¨ ∆h[f ^|m R>°.S>. dyøe hpL$e :- ]$uL$fp° \B_° ApV$gy lz¨ _ L$fu iLy¨$.

Np•Z :-dpfy¨ ∆h[f ^|m R>°.këp°S>L$p° :- "[p°'.

5. kylpk_° A° f¨S> OZuhpf f¸p L$f[p° L°$ iugp A¨N∞°∆ [ÿ_ ≈Z[u _\u A°V$g° byqŸ_ublz hp[p° \B iL$[u _\u.

S>. dyøe hpL$e :- kylpk_° A° f¨S> OZuhpf f¸p L$f[p°.Np•Z :-(1) iugp A¨N∞°∆ []π$_ ≈Z[u _\u.

(f) byqŸ_u blz hp[p° \B iL$[u _\u.këp°S>L$p° :- "L°$', "AV$g°'.

(W$$) (1) ep°¡e `]$æ$ddp¨ Np°W$hp°.1. Ny_p° lp°e `X$u [°d L$p°B dp¢ L$ep£ L$piudp_y¨ Ney¨.S>. L$p°B Ny_p° L$ep£ lp°e [°d L$piudp_y¨ dp¢ `X$u Ney¨.2. l≈f R> NZ`[° dp°[ufpd_° A°_° Í$rèpdp¨ h°Qu l[u.S>. NZ`[° A°_° R> l≈f Í$rèpdp¨ h°Qu l[u.3. [°_° fp∆ S>° L$f[y¨ li° A°_u QpL$fu `Z L$fuiy¨.S>. A°_u S>° QpL$fu L$f[y¨ li° [°_° `Z fp∆ L$fuiyÿ¨.4. lz¨ f°idu dpV°$ Ap`y¨ A°L$ h˜ A°_° Qd–L$pfu Ry>¨.

lz¨ A°_° dpV°$ A°L$ Qd–L$pfu f°idu h˜ Ap`y¨ Ry>¨.

(W$) (f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p rhfyŸp\Æ iÂ]$p° gMp°.

(1) kS>Æ_ - rhkS>Æ_ (f) Apfp°l - Ahfp°l (3)]y$hp - ip`(4) L$fpg - L$p°dg (`) kdrÙ$-ÏeqL$[ (6)hpd_ - rhfpV$(7) S>¨Nd - ı\phf (8) L$r_õ - S>e°õ$

(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_p rhi°jZ b_php°.(1) ©’hu - `pr\Æh (f) rhfl - rhflu (3) Ïesº[ - h•eqº[L$(4)khÆ” - kphÆr”L$ (`) Br[lpk - A•r[lprkL$ (6) Npd - N∞pÁe(7)LyyVy¨$b - L$p•Vy¨$rbL$ (8) nZ - nrZL$ (9) ‚pf¨c - ‚pf¨rcL$


(f) _uQ°_p iÂ]$p°_u cphhpQL$ k¨op b_php°.(1) cº[ - cqL$[ (f) kd\Æ - kpd’eÆ (3) Ar[r\ - Apr[’e(4) i|f - ip•eÆ (`)DX$hy¨ - DÕe_ (6) rh^hp - h• Ïe(7) ^uf - ^•eÆ (8) ıhı\ - ıhpı’e (9)DrQ[ - Ap•rQ–e(10) Np¨Xy¨$ - Np¨X$`Z (11)qiiy - i•ih


A_yæ$drZL$p

NySfp[u (001)

rhcpN `p_ _~

rhcpN ñ 1 - ‚Ò b°¨L 1-31

rhcpN ñ 2 - _d|_p_p ‚Òp°-D—fp° 32-68

rhcpN ñ 3 - _d|_p_p ‚Ò`”p°° f _¨.1 69-72

° f _¨.2 73-76

° f _¨.3 77-80

° f _¨.4 81-85

° f _¨.5 86-90

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