การวิเคราะห์โครงสร้าง 1 (Structural Analysis)€¦ ·...

( ) 1858/87-90

- 10260 0-2739-8222 0-2739-8359 [email protected]

1 (Structural Analysis) . . . .

420

. . . . . 2558 . . . .

4 1 0 - 0 4 6 - 5 2 4 0 8 5 5 6 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 8

, . .

1 (Structural Analysis).— : , 2558. 524 . ( ). I. , . ., . II. . 624. 7 ISBN 978-6 6-08-243 -

1858/87-90 - 10260 0-2739-8000

. (1991) 23/71/73 1 10 -

10150 0-2451-3010 . . 2558

8 2 4

1 0 9 8 0 - 0 4 6 5 5 6 4 3 26 46 4 5 4 6 5 6 4

คํานํา

1 2

2

3 4 5 6

7 8

.

. . .

, . , . . . Professor Yunping Xi University of Colorado at

Boulder . .

2 3

4 1

. .

. .

. .

.

. , . . Asian Institute of

Technology Professor Arvind Shah University of Manitoba

University of Manitoba

Mr. James Dickinson

. .

Univ

nitoba

of ManitobArvind Shah

iversity of Ma

a ogy Profess

U

สารบัญ

1 1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

2 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3 3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

9

9

1

15

26

31

33

39

41

41

44

54

78

91

99

99

103

104

111

114

6 1

3.6

3.7

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

5 5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

6 6.1

6.2

6.3

120

127

129

137

137

137

139

144

155

156

173

197

202

210

217

217

218

221

237

253

270

294

301

301

305

307

7

6.4 -

6.5 -

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

6.10

6.11

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5 -

8 8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

309

321

335

345

350

352

357

364

367

375

375

376

409

440

456

473

481

481

485

489

494

505

514

521

บทนํา(Introduction) 1

1.1

(Structural Analysis and Structural Design)

(Structural analytical model)

1.1

l ti

10 1

1.2 (Types of Structures) 5

(Trusses) (Frames)

(Arch) (Membranes, plates and shells) (Cable)

(Trusses)

(Slender elements)

(Axial force)

(Bolts) (Rivets) (Planar

trusses) (Space trusses)

1.2

(Frames)

(Moment) (Shear) 3

(Rigid frames) (Simple frames)

(Semi-rigid frames)

1.3

(Arch)

(Gravity or vertical load) (Compression)

(Span)

(Supports) (Horizontal load)

1.4

3

(Simple fra

es) ar)

gid frames) mes)

(Fraent) (Sh

(

(Semi-

11

(Analytical

model)

( )

1.1

( )

12 1

1.2 Queensboro, NY

( : wirednewyork.com, 2002)

( )

( )

1.3

13

1.4 Castlewood Canyon, CO

( : kermode.wordpress.com, 2011)

(Membranes, plates and shells) (Thin-

walled structures)

(Membranes) (Tensile force)

(Plates)

(Shells)

1.5

(Cable) (Suspension and cable-stayed

bridges)

1.6

ile force)

(Membran

(Tens

d structures)

mbranes) )es

ru

)

ureucturresstr

) s)

resucturstrutructure

es)

14 1

1.5 Millennium Dome, UK.

( : www.independent.co.uk, 2015)

1.6 Tsing-Ma, Hong Kong

( : www.patnotebook.com, 2009)

3 (Axial force members)

(Flexural members)

15

. (Loads on Structures) 2

(Dead load)

(Live load)

. (Vertical live load)

(1) (Vertical live loads for buildings)

1.1

1.2

(2) (Vertical live loads for highway bridges) AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials)

2 (Two-axle truck) 3 (Three-axle truck)

(Uniform lane loading)

2 6 2 H15-44

H20-44 H 2 2

2

1.7( )

3 2 HS15-44

HS20-44 HS 3 2

1 1

(1) ings)

16 1

2

1.7( )

1.7( ) 1.3

1.1 ( . . 2522)

( ./ . .)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. ( )

( )

7. ( )

( )

8. ( )

( )

9.

10.

50

100

150

200

250

300

300

400

400

500

500

600

800

200

250

17

1.2 ( . . 2522)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

-

-

-

10

20

30

40

50

36 kN 144 kN

H20-44

4.27

0.1W

0.1W

0.1W

0.1W

1.83 3.05

( )

P

w

( )

36 kN 144 kN 144 kN

4.27

0.1W

0.1W

0.4W

0.4W

1.83 3.05

0.4W

0.4W

4.27-9.15

0.8W0.2W 0.8W

HS20-44

( )

1.7 AASHTO

N 144 kN

H20-44

18 1

1.3 P w

(w ) (kN/m) ( P ) (kN)

H20 HS20

H15 HS15

9.3

7.0

80

60

116

87

72 7

1.8

(3) (Vertical live loads for railway bridges) 2 J-15-4.5

J-14-4.2

1.9 1.4

(Impact factor, I )

30537

15.

.LI (1.1)

I

L

1.9 41.

4.2

19

29 kN 29 kN 29 kN 91 kN 91 kN 91 kN

91 kN 91 kN46 kN 82 kN 82 kN

4.30 1.601.60 5.10

19.20

1.60 5.00

1.40 5.40 4.00

16.70

4.30 1.601.40 5.40 2.20

9.00

68 kN 68 kN

4.30 1.60

29 kN 91 kN

1.40 5.40 3.50

16.20

46 kN 82 kN

1.60

82 kN

1.60 5.10

19.50

46 kN 82 kN

1.60

82 kN

1.705.10

10.00

82 kN 82 kN

1.601.608.00

(Single Tyre)

(Double Tyre)

:

91 kN 91 kN46 kN 82 kN 82 kN

4.30 1.601.60 5.10

22.20

1.60 8.00

1.60

(Trailer)

(Trailer) (Semi-trailer)

(Trailer) (10-Wheel truck)

(Trailer) (6-Wheel truck)

1.8

19.20

(Trailer)mi-trailer)

5.10

10.00

1.60

(S

20 1

1.9

1.4

(kN) (kN/m)

J-15-4.5

J-14-4.2

150

140

45

42

30L14010

30

4000

700

2

.

L

LL

.

I (1.2)

(1.2)

(1.2)

80600

80

200

1

L.

LL

(1.3)

. (Horizontal live load)

( ) (Wind load)

Bernoulli’s theorem

(1.4)

(Dynamic pressure)

P

1.70 1.70 5.50 1.70 1.70 3.20 1.70 1.70 5.50 1.70 1.70 1.60

P P P P P P P P P P P w

P w

2

2

1vq

q

v

0 30

L

(1.2) (1(1(1.2

21

15 oC (1.4)

(1.5)

( ./ . .)

( ./ .)

(1.5)

(Shape coefficient, )

(Static pressure) (1.5)

(1.6)

( ./ . .)

1.3 (Windward) 0.8

(Leeward) 0.5 (Pressure force)

(Suction force)

( ) 30o

30o

( 1.10)

(1.7)

(1.8)

1.5

20048260 v.q

q

v

sC

qCps

p

sC

sC

sC

sC

sC

sC

o

oo

oo

o

s

.

..

..

.

C

6090

603090030

302012070

2070

70.Cs

0.5

e)

eeward)

(Suction forc

(Pressur (

)

sC

sC

22 1

1.10

1.5 ( . . 2522)

( )

( ./ . .)

( =1.3)

( ./ .)

10

10 20

20 40

40

50

80

120

160

89

113

138

160

( ) (Earthquake load)

49 ( . . 2540)

. . 2550

49 3

" " 7

" 1"

" 2" 10 49

49

5,000 10

H qs

C

quake load) (Earth

40

( )

23

1

300 250

50

(1.9)

( )

0.38

1.6

1.7

(Free vibration)

(1.10)

(Period) ( )

(1.11)

( )

( )

(Resonance)

1.8

= 1.5

(1.12)

+25% ( )

ZIKCSWV

V

Z

Z

I

K

C

120

15

1.

T

C

T

D

H.T

090

H

D

S

S

140.CS

W

(Free vib

1

1.7

( )

ation

K

C

24 1

(Ductile material)

(1.13)

1.6 ( ) ( 49 . . 2540)

1.

2. 300

3.

1.50

1.25

1.00

1.7 ( 49 . . 2540)

1. (Shear wall)

(Braced frame)

2. (Ductile

moment resisting space frame)

3.

1)

25%

2)

3)

(Rigidity)

4. 4

( 0.12

0.25)

5. 1 2 3 4

1.33

0.67

0.80

2.50

1.00

N.T 100

N

I

I

K

K

K C

(Shear wall)

Braced frame)

(Ductile

1.33 (

t resisting sp

25

1.8 ( 49 . . 2540)

1. (Shale)

60

2. 60

3.

9

1.0

1.2

1.5

(1.9)

(1.14)

(1.15)

( )

( )

( )

( )

(1.9)

( 1)

S

S

70250070

700

.TV.TV.

.T

Ft

N

jjj

ii

ti

HW

HWFVF

1

tF

iF i

iW i

iH i

jH

N

j

W

1

(1.1

iF

i

tF

t

26 1

1.4 (Structural Idealization)

(Supports)

(Cable) (Link) (Roller and socket) (Hinge or

pin) (Fixed support)

1.9

1.9

1

1

1

2

3

xF

F

yF

M

F

F

xF

yF

27

(Cable)

(Link)

(Roller and socket)

(Hinge or pin)

(Fixed support) 3

(Idealized structures) (Exact analysis)

1.11( ) P A

B

1.11( )

400x200x66.0 / ( . 1227-2539) 6

40 A

A 0.0019 (0.11o)

l

P

(Fixed sup

28 1

1.11( ) A

0.38

A

1.11 ( ) ( )

( ) A

(Trolley) 1.12( )

( ) B

A

F

1.12( )

(Load transfer)

(Girder)

l/2l/2

.

.

0.11o

0.11o

P

A B

P

A B

l/2 l/2

( )

( ) ( )

l/2 .l/l/2l/l/2

29

1.47 /

1.13( ) 10

2.35 / (Joists) 2

AB CD

(Tributary area)

2

(1.47+2.35 / )(2 ) = 7.64 /

1.13( )

(7.64 / )(6 ) = 22.92

2.13 ( )

AD BC 11.46

1

1.12 ( ) ( )

2

1

F

A

B3.00

4.004.00

3.00

B

F

A

( ) ( )( ) ( )

B

3.00 3.00BBBBBBB

30 1

( )

1.13

A

D

[email protected]

2.00

B

C

7.64 kN/m

22.92 kN 22.92 kN

6.00 [email protected]

22.92 kN 22.92 kN11.46 kN 11.46 kN

A B

( ) ( )

2.00

31

1.5 (Linear Structural Analysis) (Force) (Dis-

placement) (Internal forces)

(Working loads)

(Deflection)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Buckling)

(Principle of

superposition) (Stress)

1.14 1.14 ( )

1.14( ) 1.14( )

1.15

1.15( )

w P

w

P

w P

w P

(Princ

(Stress)rposition))on)n)nion)

32 1

1.14

1.15

( 2)

A B

RAw

RBw

L

w

P

A B

RA

RB

L

w

a

P

A B

RAP

RBP

L

a

( ) ( ) ( )

A B

w

P

A B

w

P

A B

( ) ( ) ( )

2

L

2

L Pw

2

L

2

L

2

L

2

L

( )

2 2

( )

2

)

2

L

2

L

)( ))( )

33

1.6 (Analysis of Symmetric Structures with

Symmetric and Anti-symmetric Loading)

(Symmetric load pattern) (General load pattern)

(Anti-symmetric load pattern)

1.16

1.17

34 1

1.16

1.17

( )

R=P R=PM M

H H

P P

a a

L L

( ) Portal

R RC

0

w

L L

R R0

( )

R RM M

H=P H=P

P P

L L

L L

( ) Portal

a a

P P

1.16

( )

35

(

)

(Symmetric structures with symmetric loading)

1.

2.

3. (Elastic curve)

1.18 ( ) 1.16( )

1.18( ) Portal 1.16( )

36 1

1.18

0

R

M

w

L 2

C

R RC

0

w

L L

0

R

M

w

L2

C

( )

( ) Portal

R=P M

H

P

a

L L

R=PM

H

P

a

R=PM

H

P

aM

1

H

R=P M

H

P

aM

1

H

HH

37

(Symmetric structures with anti-symmetric loading)

1.

2.

.

1.17( )

1.19( )

1.17( )

1.19( )

1.17( )

1.19( )

38 1

1.19

R0

L L

a

P

R a

P

0

0

R a

P

L

C Ra

P

L

C

0

( )

R M

H=P

P

L L

RM

P

H=P

RM

P

H=P

R

R M

P

H=P

R

( ) Portal

P

39

1.7 (Methods of Structural Analysis)

.

.

(

)

. (Constitutive laws)

( 2) 1

(Force method)

(Displacement method)

(D

(Force metho

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