°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai) ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“

(Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬1 « —π≥å ‡æ™√√—µπå

2 ‡ ¡Õ„® ™◊Ë𮑵µå

3 ·≈– ®√— »√’ π«≈»√’

4

AbstractManeechai, P.1, Petcharat, V.2, Chuenchit, S.2 and Nualsri, C.3

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease (Trichodermaharzianum Rifai) of Grey Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(1) : 25-37

A total of 174 strains of bacteria antagonistic against the green mold (Trichoderma harzianum), iso-

lated from cultivating bags and fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, were screened for effects on mushroom

mycelia and ability to control the green mold disease. Twenty-eight of them promoted the primodia formation

of the Pleurotus pulmonarius mycelia on agar plates. Twenty-two isolates were selected and further tested

in a mushroom house. Cell suspension of each isolate was prepared and sprayed onto the spawn surface of

1Faculty of Agriculture Nakhon Si Thammarat, Rajamangala Institute of Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat

Campus, Thong Yai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80240 Thailand. 2Department of Pest Management, 3Department

of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112

Thailand.

1«∑.¡.(‚√§æ◊™«‘∑¬“), §≥–‡°…µ√»“ µ√åπ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™  ∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“™¡ß§≈ Õ”‡¿Õ∑ÿàß„À≠à ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™

80240 2Ph.D.(Plant Pathology), √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å

3«∑.¡.(‡°…µ√»“ µ√å), ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å, ¿“§«‘™“°“√®—¥°“√»—µ√Ÿæ◊™

4Ph.D.

(Agronomy), ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å, ¿“§«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å Õ”‡¿ÕÀ“¥„À≠à

®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ 90112

Corresponding e-mail: vasun.p@psu.ac.th

√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 29 ‡¡…“¬π 2547 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 5  ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2547

π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 26

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

P. pulmonarius. Fifteen isolates shortened the times required from watering to 2nd and 3rd flushing and

increased yield of the basidiocarps by 1.1-34.3% over 30 days.

Six isolates of bacteria which showed an inhibitory effect against T. harzianum, enhanced primordia

formation and increased yield of P. pulmonarius were selected and used for control testing in a cultivation

house. The suspension of each isolate was sprayed onto the spawn surface immediately after exposure to the

air in the mushroom house, followed by spore suspension of T. harzianum two days later. The number of

infected bags was counted at 30 days after inoculation and the cumulative yield was compared after 60 days.

The results showed that bacteria isolate B012-022 was highly effective in suppressing the green mold disease.

Only 6.7% of the cultivating bags were found to be infected by T. harzianum when bacteria isolate B012-022

was applied. Cumulative yield obtained from 900 g of 94% sawdust + 5% rice bran + 1% Ca(OH)2 was

300.0 g/bag after 60 days, 71.1% higher than the bags infected by the green mold and without bacterial

spraying. Identification of the six bacterial isolates showed all to be Bacillus spp.

Key words : biological control, Trichoderma, antagonistic bacteria, Pleurotus

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ « —π≥å ‡æ™√√—µπå ‡ ¡Õ„® ™◊Ë𮑵µå ·≈– ®√— »√’ π«≈»√’

°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)

¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.)

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(1) : 25-37

‰¥â∑”°“√·¬°·≈–§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®“°°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥

®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ 𔇙◊ÈÕ‰ª»÷°…“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (P. pulmonarius) „π®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭß

‡™◊ÈÕ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â

∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åπ’È®”π«π 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰ª∑¥ Õ∫„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬°“√π”‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬

‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õß·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ©’¥æàπ∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ æ∫«à“ 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâ√–¬–

‡«≈“¢Õß°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 ‡√Á«¢÷Èπ ·≈–∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 1.1-34.3% „π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30

«—π

π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum  à߇ √‘¡„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥

 √â“ߥհ¡“° ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„À⠟ߢ÷È𠉪„™â„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ ‚¥¬∑”°“√©’¥æàπ

‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õß·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ≈ß∫π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“À≈—ß

®“°‡ªî¥ª“°∂ÿß À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 2 «—π ©’¥æàπ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ≈ß∫π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥

‚√§ µ√«®π—∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õß∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥„π‡«≈“ 30 «—πÀ≈—ß°“√ª≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ ·≈–‡°Á∫º≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥„π™à«ß‡«≈“ 60 «—π º≈

°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«§◊Õ ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥

‡°‘¥‚√§‡æ’¬ß 6.7% °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫º≈º≈‘µ

‡©≈’ˬ 300.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËՇ擖¥â«¬¢’ȇ≈◊ËÕ¬ 94% º ¡√”≈–‡Õ’¬¥ 5% ·≈–ªŸπ¢“« 1% ª√‘¡“≥ 900 °√—¡ „π™à«ß

‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ 71.1% ®“°°“√®”·π°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑—Èß 6

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ æ∫«à“‡ªìπ Bacillus spp. ∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑

‚√§√“‡¢’¬« (green mold disease) ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“ Trichoderma spp. ∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡™◊ÈÕ√“

Trichoderma spp. ‡®√‘≠‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈– √â“ß ªÕ√åª√‘¡“≥¡“°∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√√–∫“¥Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á« √“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ T. harzianum ‡ªìπ√“∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∑—Ë«‰ª„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–27

‡ÀÁ¥ ªÿܬÀ¡—° ·≈–¥‘π∑’Ë„™âªî¥º‘«Àπâ“ (casing) °Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬«‡¢â“∑”≈“¬«— ¥ÿ„π∂ÿ߇擖‡ÀÁ¥·≈–°√–∫–‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬≈—°…≥–‡√‘Ë¡·√°‡ÀÁπ‡ªìπ‡ âπ„¬ ’¢“« µàÕ¡“ √â“ß ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«·≈–‡®√‘≠≈ÿ°≈“¡ª°§≈ÿ¡«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡ âπ„¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡¢â“‡°“–°‘π‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥æ√âÕ¡∑—Èß √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å¬àÕ¡ ≈“¬‡ âπ„¬  àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‰¡à “¡“√∂ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥â (Beyer et al., 2001)

°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ§√—Èß·√°„πª√–‡∑»‰Õ√å·≈π¥å ·≈–ª√–‡∑»„π·∂∫∑«’ªÕ‡¡√‘°“‡Àπ◊Õ (Sinden

and Hauser, 1953) ·≈–„πªï §.».1985 æ∫«à“‡°‘¥°“√√–∫“¥¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. koningii °—∫‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ (Agaricus

bisporus) ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥¡’Õ“°“√‡πà“ ‡™◊ÈÕ T. koningii π’ȇªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ∑’˵‘¥¡“°—∫«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ (Staunton, 1987) À≈—ß®“°π’Èæ∫«à“„πªï §.». 1996 ‡°‘¥°“√√–∫“¥„πª√–‡∑»‡π‡∏Õ√å·≈π¥å·≈–‡¬Õ√¡—π (Sharma et al., 1999) ·≈–°“√√–∫“¥„πª√–‡∑» °Õµ·≈π¥å·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ… ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬°—∫Õÿµ “À°√√¡°“√‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡§‘¥‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ª√–¡“≥ 30 ≈â“π¥Õ≈≈“√å (Seaby, 1998) „π√—∞‡æπ´‘≈«“‡π’¬ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°Á‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ¡’√“¬ß“π«à“„πªï §.».1995-1997 ‡™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum

∑’Ë√–∫“¥∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

biotype Th2 ·≈– Th4 (Ospina-Giraldo et al., 1999;

Castle et al., 1998; Seaby, 1998)

„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫«à“√“‡¢’¬«√–∫“¥∑”§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬„Àâ°—∫‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ擖‡≈’Ȭß∑ÿ°™π‘¥ ∑—Èß∑’ˇ擖„π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘°‡æ“–°≈“ß·®âß·≈–‡æ“–„π‚√߇√◊Õπ √“‡¢’¬«∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â·°àT. harzianum, T. harmatum, T. aureoviride ·≈– T.

virens (Gliocladium virens) (ª√–‰æ»√’, 2542) „πªï2544 æ∫°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß√“‡¢’¬«„π®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ擖„π∂ÿßæ≈“ µ‘°≈¥≈ß¡“°°«à“ 70% (°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√, 2544)

„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—߉¡à¡’«‘∏’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«Õ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ «‘∏’°“√ à«π„À≠à„™â«‘∏’°”®—¥·À≈à߇擖‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ  ”À√—∫‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ °“√ªÑÕß°—π°”®—¥√“‡¢’¬«‚¥¬„™â “√‡§¡’¢≥–‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥∑”‰¥â¬“°‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’æ‘…µàÕ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥·≈–¡’ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕßæ‘…µ°§â“߇°…µ√°√∫“ß√“¬À“«‘∏’®”°—¥‚√§¥â«¬µπ‡Õß ‡™àπ °“√„™â®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å EM ©’¥æàπ∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ °“√„™âªÿܬÀ¡—°

™’«¿“æ√¥°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ´÷Ëß«‘∏’°“√µà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È ‡°…µ√°√∫“ß√“¬‡™◊ËÕ«à“≈¥°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‰¥â

°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‚¥¬„™â‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…凪ìπÕ’°«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—߉¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„® ‚¥¬ Romaine ·≈–§≥– (1996) √“¬ß“π«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Bacillus sp. ∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π·ª≈߇擖‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡  “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢ÕßTrichoderma sp.  “‡Àµÿ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«‰¥â Singh ·≈–Singh (2001) »÷°…“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â®“°«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇ√◊Õß· ß‰¥â fluorescent

Pseudomonas ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ Cllb ·≈– Cvla  “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥‡™◊ÈÕ Trichoderma spp. ‰¥â

«—µ∂ÿª√– ß§å¢Õß°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⇙◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë¡’º≈¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

÷́Ë ß‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (Pleurotus

pulmonarius)

«— ¥ÿ Õÿª°√≥å ·≈–«‘∏’°“√

1. ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥

‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’Ë„™â∑¥≈Õß·¬°®“°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’ˇ擖ª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ°“√§â“ ‚¥¬«‘∏’‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπ æ’¥’‡Õ ·≈–‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â„πµŸâ‡¬ÁπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 10ºC ‡¡◊ËÕ®–∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß®÷߬⓬≈ß∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπ æ’¥’‡Õ ‡≈’Ȭ߉«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß (28-32ºC) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5

«—π

2. ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·¬°®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ‚¥¬‡°Á∫¡“®“°ø“√塇ÀÁ¥∫â“π∑à“À√—Ëß Õ”‡¿Õ§≈ÕßÀÕ¬‚¢àß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ π”¡“·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬«‘∏’ dilution

pour plate ·≈â«®÷ß·¬°‚§‚≈𒇥’ˬ«≈߇≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√«ÿâπæ’¥’‡Õ ‡°Á∫√—°…“‰«â„πµŸâ‡¬ÁπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 10ºC ‡¡◊ËÕ®–π”¡“∑¥≈Õß®÷߬⓬≈߇≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√æ’¥’‡Õ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2 «—π

3. ‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å

‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å·¬°®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ 4 ·À≈àߧ◊Õ ®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ∂ÿ߇擖‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‚¥¬µ—°«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥®“°°âÕπ

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 28

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥À√◊ÕÀ¡«°‡ÀÁ¥πÈ”Àπ—° 1 °√—¡ „ à„πÀ≈Õ¥πÈ”°≈—Ëπ∑’Ë¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ·≈â« 9 ¡≈. ∫¥«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–À√◊Õ‡ÀÁ¥¥â«¬·∑àß·°â«‡¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—πª√–¡“≥ 15 π“∑’ ®÷ß„™â‡¢Á¡‡¢’ˬµ—¥‚§‚≈𒇙◊ÈÕ√“ T. harzianum ∑’Ë √â“ß ªÕ√å·≈â«¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥0.5×0.5 µ√.´¡. „ à≈߉ª„πÀ≈Õ¥‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—πÕ’°§√—Èߪ√–¡“≥ 1 π“∑’ µ—Èß∑‘È߉«â„À⇻…«— ¥ÿµà“ßÊ µ°µ–°Õπ ®÷ß„™â‰ª‡ªµ¥Ÿ¥‡Õ“ “√≈–≈“¬¥â“π∫π‰ª∑”„À⇮◊Õ®“ß(serial dilution) 10-2 - 10-6 π” “√≈–≈“¬∑’ˉ¥â‰ª‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√æ’¥’‡Õ ∫à¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2-5 «—π®–ª√“°Ø‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡®√‘≠ª–ªπ°—πÕ¬Ÿà„π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ ‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’«ß„  (clear zone) ≈âÕ¡√Õ∫ «ß„ π’ȇ°‘¥‡π◊ËÕß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬µ—«π—Èπ √â“ß “√∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®÷ß∑”„Àâ T. harzianum

‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“„°≈₧‚≈π’¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¥â ∑”°“√π—∫®”π«π‚§‚≈π’·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’«ß„  ·≈–¬â“¬≈߇≈’Ȭß∫πÕ“À“√nutrient agar slant (NA slant) „πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õ߇æ◊ËÕ‡°Á∫‰«â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

4. °“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–°“√ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°

¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“

π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰¥â ¡“∑”°“√∑¥ Õ∫°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬«‘∏’ dual

culture ∫πÕ“À“√ PDA ‚¥¬„™â cork borer ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.5 ́ ¡.‡®“–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ 𔉪«“ß„πÕ“À“√ PDA „ÀâÀà“ß®“°¢Õ∫®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß 1 ´¡. ‡≈’Ȭ߉«âª√–¡“≥ 2 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ¢’¥‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant Õ“¬ÿ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡ªìπ·π«¬“«∫√‘‡«≥¢Õ∫Õ’°¥â“πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®“πÕ“À“√  —߇°µªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å ∫—π∑÷°°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ ·≈–°“√ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“

5. ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T.

harzianum ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë

°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°

π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ·≈â«æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈– “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ¡“»÷°…“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ

„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum „π®“π∑¥≈ÕßÕ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’ dual culture ‚¥¬„™â cork borer ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.5 ´¡. ‡®“–∫√‘‡«≥¢Õ∫‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum «“ß∫πÕ“À“√ PDA „ÀâÀà“ß®“°¢Õ∫ 1 ´¡.À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 1 «—π ∑”°“√¢’¥‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߉«â∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant Õ“¬ÿ 24 ™¡. ‡ªìπ·π«¬“«∫√‘‡«≥Õ’°¥â“πÀπ÷ËߢÕß®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ π”‰ª∫ࡉ«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™â∑¥≈ÕßµàÕ‰ª

6. °“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õß

‡ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥

6.1 °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å

‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢âÕ 5 ∫πÕ“À“√ NA slant ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25ºC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 48 ™¡.‡∑πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„ àÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√ ª√‘¡“µ√ 10 ¡≈. „™â·∑àß·°â«¢Ÿ¥º‘«Àπâ“Õ“À“√‡∫“Ê π—∫®”π«π‡´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‚¥¬„™â haemacytometer ª√—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢ÕßπÈ”≈–≈“¬‡™◊ÈÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπª√–¡“≥ 1×106 ‡´≈≈å/¡≈.·≈â«®÷߇∑πÈ”≈–≈“¬‡™◊ÈÕ≈ß„π∫’°‡°Õ√å

6.2 °“√‡µ√’¬¡°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥º ¡¢’ȇ≈◊ËÕ¬ 94% + √” 5% + ªŸπ¢“« 1% ·≈–

ª√—∫ à«πº ¡„Àâ¡’§«“¡™◊Èπ 65% ∫√√®ÿ≈ß∂ÿß√âÕπ¢π“¥6×14 π‘È« πÈ”Àπ—° 900 °√—¡ „ à§Õ¢«¥æ≈“ µ‘° ªî¥¥â«¬®ÿ° ”≈’·≈–°√–¥“… π÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 120ºC §«“¡¥—π15 ªÕπ¥å/µ√.π‘È« ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2 ™¡. ‡¡◊ËÕ«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡¬Áπ®÷߇∑À—«‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰«â∫π‡¡≈Á¥¢â“«øÉ“ß∂ÿß≈– 15-20 ‡¡≈Á¥ªî¥®ÿ° ”≈’Õ¬à“߇¥‘¡ ∫ࡉ«â‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 30 «—π ´÷Ë߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥®–‡®√‘≠‡°◊Õ∫‡µÁ¡∂ÿß ®÷ß𔉪∑¥ Õ∫„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ªî¥¥Õ°

6.3 °“√∑¥ Õ∫π”‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë

§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰«â ‰ª©’¥æàπ∫π∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿß ™π‘¥≈– 10 ∂ÿß ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫©’¥æàπ¥â«¬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ(control) ∫—π∑÷°√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ°·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30 «—πÀ≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–29

§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡√Á« ®”π«π¥Õ°¡“° ·≈–‰¥âπÈ”Àπ—°¡“° ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õߢ—ÈπµàÕ‰ª

7. °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°“√

§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ

7.1 °“√‡µ√’¬¡ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊È Õ T.

harzianum

‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∫πÕ“À“√ PDA ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 7 «—π ∫ࡉ«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß (26-32ºC) ‡∑πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ„ à®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ „™â·∑àß·°â«∑’Ë¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¢Ÿ¥º‘«Àπâ“Õ“À“√‡∫“Ê ‚¥¬„™âπÈ”°≈—Ëπª√‘¡“µ√ 25 ¡≈. µàÕ®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ√“ 4 ®“π ‡∑ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“≈ß„π∫’°‡°Õ√å ∑”°“√ª√—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ª√–¡“≥ 1×106  ªÕ√å/¡≈. ‚¥¬„™â haemacytometer

7.2 °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å·≈–°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥

∑”°“√∑¥≈Õߥ⫬«‘∏’‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫¢âÕ 6.1 ·≈–6.2

7.3 °“√∑¥≈Õßπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈â««à“ àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°

¥Õ°¥’ ·≈–„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°¡“° ®“°¢âÕ 6 ®”π«π 6  “¬æ—π∏ÿ剪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ‚¥¬«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫ Random-

ized Complete Block Design (RCB) ®”π«π 8  ‘Ëß∑¥≈Õß ∑” 3 ́ È” ·µà≈– È́”ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π10 ∂ÿß √«¡ 240 ∂ÿß ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªìπ™ÿ¥¥—ßπ’È

1. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013 +

T. harzianum

2. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 +

T. harzianum

3. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021 +

T. harzianum

4. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 +

T. harzianum

5. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034 +

T. harzianum

6. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-054 +

T. harzianum

7. T. harzianum (control)

8. πÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ (check)

°“√∑¥≈Õß∑”‚¥¬©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ªØ‘ªí°…å∫√‘‡«≥ª“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿßÀ≈—ß®“°π—Èπ 2 «—π ®÷ß©’¥æàπ¥â«¬ ªÕ√å·¢«π≈Õ¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ª√‘¡“µ√ 3 ¡≈./1 ∂ÿß ∫—π∑÷°Õ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 30 «—π À≈—ߪ≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ ∫—π∑÷°√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ ·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“– ªÕ√å T. harzianum

·≈–©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ „π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«‡«≈“ 60 «—π

º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

1. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å

®“°°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇªìπªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T.

harzianum ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ æ∫«à“¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ª√–¡“≥ 65.5% ¢Õߪ√–™“°√·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˇ®√‘≠∫π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‰¥â∑”°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰«â®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ”À√—∫»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

2. º≈¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–°“√

 √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“

®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥°—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑  “¡“√∂·∫à߇ªìπ 5 ·∫∫ µ“¡≈—°…≥–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¥—ßπ’È

·∫∫∑’Ë 1 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥™–ß—°°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡¡◊ËÕæ∫°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥®–‰¡à‡®√‘≠‡¢â“‰ª„°≈â·∫§∑’‡√’¬ √«¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È ®”π«π 12

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 6.9%

·∫∫∑’Ë 2 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¡’ ’¢“« Àπ“øŸµ√ßµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·µà‰¡à¡’°“√‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â √«¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȇªìπ®”π«π 22

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 12.5%

·∫∫∑’Ë 3 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 30

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

¡’ ’¢“« ‡ âπ„¬®–Àπ“·≈–øŸ¢÷Èπ ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π‰ª‰¥âπ—Èπ®–¡’≈—°…≥–Àπ“·≈–øŸ¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ ¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ ”≈’ √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 83 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §‘¥‡ªìπ 47.8%

πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°≈ÿà¡π’È®”π«π 20 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â „π√–¬–‡«≈“ 25-30

«—π ‰¥â·°à ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-043, B003-052,

B004-011, B004-013, B004-015, B004-024, B004-

027, B004-0315, B004-043, B004-047, B004-049,

B005-013, B006-017, B006-018, B010-041, B010-

047, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054

·∫∫∑’Ë 4 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–Àπ“·≈–‡¢â¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π ‡ âπ„¬ à«π∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡‰ª‰¥â ®–‡ªìπ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∏√√¡¥“ ‰¡à¡’≈—°…≥–øŸ À√◊ÕÀπ“¢÷Èπ √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 30  “¬æ—π∏ÿå §‘¥‡ªìπ 17.2%

·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π°≈ÿà¡π’È®”π«π 7 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑  “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â ´÷Ë߉¥â·°à ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-

013, B003-015, B003-034, B004-041, B004-042,

B004-0411 ·≈– B012-055

·∫∫∑’Ë 5 ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â ·≈–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥∫√‘‡«≥ —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’ ’‡¢â¡Àπ“·≈–øŸ¢÷Èπ ∫√‘‡«≥‡ âπ„¬∑’ˇ®√‘≠¢â“¡ºà“π¡’≈—°…≥– ’§àÕπ¢â“߇À≈◊Õß √«¡®”π«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°≈ÿà¡π’È 27 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑§‘¥‡ªìπ 15.5% ¡’ 1 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â §◊Õ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-029

3. §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ Trichoderma ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ

·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ“ßøÑ“ √â“ß

µÿà¡¥Õ°

π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°®”π«π 28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“∑¥≈Õß°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T.

harzianum Õ’°§√—Èß æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’ˬ—ß¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â¥’‚¥¬°“√ √â“ß “√ªØ‘™’«π– ∑”„Àâª≈“¬‡ âπ„¬¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“∑’Ë —¡º— °—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬· ¥ßÕ“°“√º‘¥ª°µ‘‰ª  àߺ≈„À⇙◊ÈÕ√“‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠µàÕ‰ª‰¥â  à«πÕ’° 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ¡’

§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥âπâÕ¬¡“° ®÷ߧ—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰«â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

4. °“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠¥Õ°

‡ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥

º≈¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 22  “¬æ—π∏ÿå µàÕ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° ®”π«π¥Õ° ·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬≈ß∫π°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å (control) ‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß (Table 1) ¥—ßπ’È

4.1 √–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë„Àâº≈º≈‘µ„π·µà≈–√ÿàπ ·≈–®”π«π∂ÿß∑’ËÕÕ°¥Õ°

„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 30 «—π ‡ÀÁ¥„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 ÕÕ°¥Õ°À¡¥∑ÿ°∂ÿß ‚¥¬√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 4.8-8.4 «—π „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 4.9 «—π„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°À¡¥∑ÿ°∂ÿß ¬°‡«âπ∂ÿß∑’Ë©’¥¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-035 ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 8

∂ÿß ·≈– “¬æ—π∏ÿå B003-043 ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 9 ∂ÿß √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° √ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 13.2-20.6 «—π à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 17.0 «—π  à«π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 °“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß ®”π«π∂ÿß∑’ËÕÕ°„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ÕÕ°¥Õ°®”π«π 9 ∂ÿß ®“° 10 ∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034 √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ 7 ∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈–B004-035 √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°„π√ÿàππ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 23.7-29.5 «—π  à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 28.3 «—π ·≈–√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ¡’°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡æ’¬ß 2 ∂ÿß

4.2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ„π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 4.7-

8.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å æ∫«à“ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 6.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß √ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 2.5-7.4 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß „π¢≥–°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 2.3 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß·≈–√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3 ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–31

Tab

le 1

.A

ver

age

yie

ld o

f P

leur

otus

pul

mon

ariu

s on

saw

du

st s

up

ple

men

ted

wit

h 5

% r

ice

bra

n a

nd

1%

Ca(O

H) 2

, sp

rayed

wit

h d

iffe

ren

t

isola

tes

of

an

tagon

isti

c b

act

eria

du

rin

g 3

0 d

ays

of

harv

esti

ng.

1st f

lush

2n

d f

lush

3rd

flu

shT

ota

l

No. of

days

No. of

Wei

gh

tN

o. of

days

No. of

Wei

gh

tN

o. of

days

No. of

Wei

gh

tN

o. of

Tota

l%

fro

m e

xp

osu

reb

asi

do

carp

s/(g

)fr

om

ex

po

sure

ba

sid

oca

rps/

(g)

fro

m e

xp

osu

reb

asi

do

carp

s/(g

)b

asi

do

carp

s/w

eig

ht

incr

ease

d/

to h

arv

est

ba

gs

to h

arv

est

ba

gs

to h

arv

est

ba

gs

ba

gs

(g)

dec

rea

sed

B00

3-01

36.

15.

887

.018

.54.

138

.528

.22.

310

.012

.213

5.5

-3.2

2B

003-

015

7.0

5.8

94.0

20.6

4.0

32.0

29.4

6.0

20.0

15.8

146.

0-4

.32

B00

3-03

45.

58.

110

6.0

15.1

2.8

31.0

26.6

3.3

12.5

14.2

149.

56.

84

B00

3-04

38.

17.

688

.018

.33.

133

.026

.93.

016

.513

.713

7.5

1.8

4B

004-

013

4.9

7.2

110.

015

.63.

342

.027

.33.

223

.013

.717

5.0

25.0

5B

004-

024

6.6

5.5

91.0

20.1

3.9

38.0

29.5

0.1

0.5

9.5

129.

5-7

.51

B00

4-02

77.

46.

577

.017

.43.

133

.527

.66.

018

.015

.612

8.5

-8.2

3B

004-

029

6.6

6.1

93.0

19.7

3.8

42.5

28.5

3.8

11.5

13.7

147.

05.

03

B00

4-03

58.

46.

068

.017

.63.

434

.525

.54.

239

.013

.614

1.5

1.1

7B

004-

041

5.5

4.7

88.0

17.7

4.9

55.0

28.7

2.5

3.5

12.1

146.

54.

63

B00

4-04

25.

85.

574

.017

.14.

563

.028

.55.

013

.015

.015

0.0

7.1

2B

004-

043

6.1

6.2

115.

019

.32.

525

.027

.74.

09.

512

.714

9.5

6.8

3B

004-

049

6.8

6.3

75.0

18.1

3.4

39.0

27.2

3.7

16.0

13.4

130.

0-7

.14

B00

6-01

76.

87.

889

.017

.84.

555

.028

.63.

76.

516

.015

0.5

7.5

3B

006-

018

4.8

6.6

119.

019

.42.

515

.527

.42.

810

.511

.914

5.0

3.6

4B

010-

041

6.2

6.9

90.0

19.8

3.9

39.5

28.4

3.0

8.5

13.8

138.

0-1

.43

B01

0-04

75.

37.

111

3.0

17.6

2.8

23.5

29.0

1.5

8.0

11.4

144.

53.

22

B01

2-02

15.

17.

811

3.0

14.9

2.9

33.0

26.0

5.1

31.5

15.8

177.

526

.86

B01

2-02

27.

07.

293

.016

.57.

462

.026

.38.

131

.522

.718

6.5

33.2

6B

012-

034

4.9

7.0

109.

013

.22.

740

.023

.74.

739

.014

.418

8.0

34.3

9B

012-

054

7.0

7.2

109.

015

.84.

346

.524

.55.

319

.016

.817

4.5

24.6

2B

012-

055

6.2

6.4

84.0

18.1

3.4

37.0

27.4

4.5

11.0

14.3

132.

0-5

.74

Con

trol

4.9

6.1

106.

017

.02.

330

.028

.32.

04.

010

.414

0.0

0.0

2

No. of

bags

fru

ited

at

3n

d f

lush

Tre

atm

ent

(bact

eria

l

Isola

tes)

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 32

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 0.1-8.1 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß  à«π°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 4.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß

®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 9.5-

22.7 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°§◊Õ B012-022 ÕÕ°¥Õ° 22.7 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß à«π∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß10.4 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“ ∂ÿß∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π¥Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 2 ‡∑à“ ¢Õß∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å

4.3 πÈ”Àπ—°√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 68.0-119.0

°√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’ˉ¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 106 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß15.5-63.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’Ë °“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 30.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß  à«π√ÿàπ∑’Ë 3

°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¡à§√∫∑ÿ°∂ÿß πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬլŸà„π™à«ß 0.5-

39.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿåB012-034 ·≈– B004-035 ´÷Ë߇ªì𠓬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 39.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 4.0

°√—¡/∂ÿߺ≈º≈‘µ√«¡¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬

ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë∑”„À⇪Õ√凴Áπµåº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (1.1-34.3%) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√‰¡à©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ´÷Ëß¡’πÈ”Àπ—°√«¡ 140 °√—¡/∂ÿß ‰¥â·°àB003-015, B003-034, B004-013, B004-029, B004-

035, B004-041, B004-042, B004-043, B006-017,

B006-018, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034, B010-

047 ·≈– B012-054  à«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ 7 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ≈¥≈ß (1.4-8.2%) ‰¥â·°à B003-013,

B003-043, B004-024, B004-027, B004-049, B010-

041 ·≈– B012-055

∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6

 “¬æ—π∏ÿå ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“®“°‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡√Á« ·≈–®”π«π¥Õ°¡“° ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊ÕπÕ’°§√—Èß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰¥â·°à B004-013,

B006-017, B012-021, B012-022, B012-034 ·≈–B012-054 ®“°°“√®”·π°æ∫«à“ ∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‡ªìπBacillus spp. ‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021,

B012-022, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054 ·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ¡“®“°∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ÀŸÀπŸ‡ªìπ‚√§  “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013 ·≈– B006-017

·¬°‰¥â®“°¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“º‘¥ª°µ‘

5. °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åµàÕ

°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ

®“°°“√π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°·≈â««à“ àߺ≈„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°¥’ ·≈–„Àâº≈º≈‘µ Ÿß¡“∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥Õ’°§√—Èß„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈º≈‘µ 60 «—π‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß (Table 2) ¥—ßπ’È

5.1 √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“

√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-

022 „™â‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 7.8

«—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

√–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 11.5 «—π  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017, B012-021,

B004-013, B012-054 ·≈– B012-034 √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 8.6, 9.6, 9.9, 10.6 ·≈– 15.0 «—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫  à«π°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ √–¬–‡«≈“‡©≈’ˬ„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ° 8.8 «—π ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘

5.2 ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡©≈’ˬ – ¡„π™à«ß‡°Á∫

‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π æ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ21.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡’®”π«π¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 17.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B004-013, B012-021, B012-054,

B006-017 ·≈– B012-034 ∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°‡©≈’ˬ 16.5,

16.4, 16.0, 16.0 ·≈– 15.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß µ“¡≈”¥—∫  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ®”π«π¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 14.0 ¥Õ°/∂ÿß ́ ÷Ëßæ∫«à“‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘

5.3 πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µπÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ – ¡¢Õߥհ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ „π™à«ß

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–33

‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« 60 «—π æ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 πÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 300.0

°√—¡/∂ÿß √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 244.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°¥Õ°‡æ‘Ë¡ 71.1 ·≈– 39.4% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ´÷Ëß¡“°°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum „ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ – ¡πâÕ¬ ÿ¥§◊Õ 175.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-034, B012-054, B012-021 ·≈–B004-013 πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 183.5, 187.5, 190.7 ·≈– 192.0

µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ 191.7 °√—¡/∂ÿß „Àâ§à“§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠

5.4 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’ˇªìπ‚√§‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå

µà“ßÊ °àÕπ 2 «—π ·≈â«©’¥æàπµ“¡¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« æ∫«à“¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 5 «—π ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥· ¥ß

Õ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‚¥¬∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥‚√§∂÷ß 80.0%  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…庠¡°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 10 «—πÀ≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 6.7% √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ °“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B006-017 ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§23.3%  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿåB012-021, B004-013, B012-034 ·≈– B012-054

∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥‚√§ 63.0, 73.3, 73.3% ·≈– 80%

µ“¡≈”¥—∫ „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ 33.3% „Àâ§à“§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠¬‘Ëß (Table 2)

°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õß∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ ‡¡◊ËÕ —߇°µ¿“¬„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥®–ª√“°Æ ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

‚√§‡√‘Ë¡· ¥ßÕ“°“√§√—Èß·√°°—∫∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T.

Table 2. Average yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius on sawdust supplemented with 5% rice bran + 1%

Ca(OH)2, sprayed with different isolates of antagonistic bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum

during 60 days of harvesting.

Treatment No. of days No. of Cumulative yield % %

from exposure to basidiocarps/bag (g/bag) increase infected

1st cropping bag

1. Bacteria B004-013+ 9.9 16.5 192.0 b 9.5 73.3aT. harzianum

2. Bacteria B006-017+ 8.6 16.0 244 ab 39.4 23.3cT. harzianum

3. Bacteria B012-021+ 9.6 16.4 190.7b 8.0 63.0abT. harzianum

4. Bacteria B012-022+ 7.8 21.0 300.0a 71.1 6.7cT. harzianum

5. Bacteria B012-034+ 15.0 15.0 183.5b 4.7 73.3aT. harzianum

6. Bacteria B012-054 10.6 16.0 187.5b 7.0 80.0aT. harzianum

7. T.harzianum (control) 11.5 14.0 175.3b 0.0 80.0a8. Distilled water (check) 8.8 17.0 191.7b 8.8 33.3bc

C.V. (%) 27.1 16.8 14.6 - 23.9F-test ns ns * **

Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at the 5% level by DMRT.

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 34

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

harzianum À≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ 5 «—π  à«π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë¡’°“√©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡ÀÁ¥®–· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§À≈—ß®“°©’¥æàπ‡™◊ÈÕ 10 «—π √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ª√–¡“≥ 30 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπµ√«® Õ∫°“√‡°‘¥‚√§Õ’°§√—Èß„π«—π∑’Ë 50 æ∫«à“‰¡àª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ∫π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§ ·µà∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇ§¬∂Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ‡¢â“∑”≈“¬ ‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‡πà“‡≈– ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ’πÈ”µ“≈∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥‰¡àÕÕ°¥Õ°

«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

®“°°“√·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“‡¢’¬« (T.

harzianum) ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–º‘¥ª°µ‘ æ∫«à“¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„πª√‘¡“≥§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡©≈’ˬ65.5% (54.7-70.4%) ¢Õߪ√–™“°√·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡À≈à“π’È®–¡’º≈µàÕ°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß√“‡¢’¬«„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â „π°“√·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’ËÕ“»—¬√à«¡°—∫∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§ ·≈–®“°·À≈àßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˉ¡à¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ‚√§  “¡“√∂„ à ªÕ√凙◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ≈߉ªº ¡°—∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß°àÕπ®–𔉪‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ(pour plate) ®– “¡“√∂·¬°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åÕÕ°®“°æ«°∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπªØ‘ªí°…剥â∑—π∑’ ‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√ßà“¬  –¥«°„™â√–¬–‡«≈“ 2 «—π °Á “¡“√∂§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…剥â·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ˉ¥â®–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°‡°Á∫‡©æ“–‚§‚≈π’·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡™◊ÈÕ√“‰¡à„Àâ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“¡“„°≈â∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡®√‘≠Õ¬Ÿà´÷Ëß®–ª√“°Æ≈—°…≥–«ß„ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ «ß„ ∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥„À≠à¬àÕ¡· ¥ß«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‰Õ‚´‡≈∑π—Èπ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß„π°“√‡ªìπ‡™◊Èժؑªí°…å ´÷Ë߇∫◊ÈÕßµâπ “¡“√∂‡°Á∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…剥⮔π«π 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑

°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥ æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 12 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë∑”„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡¢â“„°≈â·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¢’¥‰«â‰¥â ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å √â“ß “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥âÀ≈“¬™π‘¥ ÷́Ëß “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ·≈–‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õæ∫«à“ “¡“√∂ à߇ √‘¡„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ§—¥‡≈◊Õ°µàÕ‰ª æ∫«à“¡’‡æ’¬ß 28

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß  “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°„π®“πÕ“À“√ PDA „π√–¬–‡«≈“ 25 «—ππà“®–‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åπÕ°®“°º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥â·≈â« ¬—ߺ≈‘µ “√Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“π à߇ √‘¡„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’·≈– “¡“√∂ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’Õ“À“√‡À¡“– ¡ ®“°°“√»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ¢ÕßStanek (1974b) æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—π°—∫‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π¥â“π°“√ª√—∫§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢Õß∏“µÿÕ“À“√„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“– ∑”„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥åπÕ°®“°π’È Stanek (1974a) ¬—ß√“¬ß“π«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’ËÕ“»—¬√à«¡°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬æ«°∑’Ë∑π√âÕπ(thermotolerant)  “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√æ«°‡´≈≈Ÿ‚≈  ‡™àπ‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π∫“ß™π‘¥ ∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥  à«π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‰Õ‚´‡≈∑Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˉ¡à∑”„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡À≈à“π—ÈπÕ“®®–º≈‘µ “√∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™π剥ⷵà √â“ß„πª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‰¥â ®“°°“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕß Eger (1963 Õâ“ß‚¥¬Hume ·≈– Hayes 1974) „π‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬P. putida ·≈– Pseudomonas Group IV  “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà„π °ÿ≈ Bacillus ·≈– P. fluorescenses

Õ’°¥â«¬ (Stanek, 1974a; Hume and Hayes, 1974;

Singh and Singh, 2001)

°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ·≈–¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß28 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°‡¡◊ËÕ𔉪∑¥ Õ∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡À√◊Õ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum °Áæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å®”π«π 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇ âπ„¬ T. harzianum ‰¥â Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õßµ—«‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡Õß °≈à“«§◊Õ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡≈’Ȭ߉«â‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“π“π À√◊Õ°“√¬â“¬‡™◊ÈÕ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª≈’ˬπÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ®–∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æÀ√◊Õ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡ªìπ‡™◊Èժؑªí°…凪≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÀ√◊Õ≈¥≈߉ª‰¥â ®÷ß∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬Õ’°6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡À√◊Õ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

‰¥âÕ’°µàÕ‰ª

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–35

°“√∑¥ Õ∫‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 22

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ° ·≈– “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß T. harzianum ∫π®“πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ·≈â« ¢—ÈπµÕπµàÕ‰ª§◊Õ °“√𔉪∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡ÀÁ¥æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„À⇪Õ√凴Áπµåº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (1.1-34.3%) °“√∑’Ë·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“°“√º≈‘µ “√∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬™πå‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èππ—Èπ ‡°‘¥‰¥â¥’„π ¿“æ∑’Ë·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…åÕ¬Ÿà∫πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ ÷́Ëß¡’∏“µÿÕ“À“√ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°°«à“Õ¬Ÿà„π«— ¥ÿ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√®–„™âª√–‚¬™π宓°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„Àâ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“懪ìπ∑’Ëπà“æÕ„®„π ¿“æ∏√√¡™“µ‘ ®÷ߧ«√»÷°…“∂÷ß°“√º≈‘µ Ÿµ√µ”√—∫´÷Ëß¡’·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π–‰¥â¥’ ·≈– “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‰¥â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√∑¥ Õ∫„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕæ—≤π“ Ÿµ√µ”√—∫∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈â« °“√𔉪„™â§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«„π‡ÀÁ¥‚¥¬‡°…µ√°√®–¡’·π«‚π⡪√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ

À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‰¥â§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ®”·π°™π‘¥æ∫«à“‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ °ÿ≈ Bacillus sp. ®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ Bacillus

sp.  “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π– (Katz and Kemain, 1977)

´÷Ëß¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ√“ (Boer and Diderichsen, 1991) ‡™àπB. brevis  “¡“√∂º≈‘µ “√ gramicidin S (Ovchinnikov

and Lvanov, 1982) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√ªØ‘™’«π–∑’Ë¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ßÕ°¢ÕߧÕ𑇥’¬ (Edwards and Seddon, 1992

Õâ“ß‚¥¬ π√‘ “ ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß, 2543) B. subtilis º≈‘µ “√ªØ‘™’«π– ‡™àπ iturin ®–ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘ϵàÕµâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ√“·≈–¬’ µå(Sandrin et al., 1990) surfactin ‡ªìπ “√ªØ‘™’«π–∑’ˬ—∫¬—Èß·∫§∑’‡√’¬·°√¡≈∫ (Cooper et al., 1981)

°“√∑¥ Õ∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑µàÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum „π‚√߇√◊Õπ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’Ë∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‰¥â·°à·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å Bacillus sp.  “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-021,

B012-022, B012-034, B012-054, B004-013 ·≈–B006-017 ‚¥¬ª≈Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ√à«¡°—∫ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥ Õ∫

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ√“„π ¿“æ‚√߇√◊Õπ∑¥≈Õß æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…凙◊ÈÕ Bacillus

 “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈– B006-017 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ „Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥ Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥√ÿàπ∑’Ë 1 ‡√Á«¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π∑¥≈ÕߢÕß Curto ·≈– Favelli (1974)

∑’Ëæ∫«à“°“√©’¥æàπ‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å≈ß∫π¥‘π∑’˪‘«Àπâ“ (casing) ·ª≈߇擖‡ÀÁ¥°√–¥ÿ¡ “¡“√∂∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 37% ·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥®–‡√Á«¢÷Èπ °“√∑’Ë©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëπ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« „Àâº≈º≈‘µπâÕ¬°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T.

harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕT. harzianum ®“°∂ÿß„°≈⇧’¬ß ∑”„À⇰‘¥‚√§∂÷ß 33.3%

∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ®–· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§‡√Á«·≈–√«¥‡√Á«°«à“°“√©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å√à«¡¥â«¬ √–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√¢Õß‚√§„π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªÆ‘ªí°…å·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ª√–¡“≥ 30 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§Õ’°§√—Èß „π«—π∑’Ë 50 ¢Õß°“√∑¥ Õ∫‚√§ æ∫«à“Õ“°“√¢Õß‚√§ª√“°Ø‰¡à™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬ —߇°µ‡ÀÁπ‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“‡°‘¥Õ“°“√‡πà“¡’ ’πÈ”µ“≈ÕàÕπ‰¡àª√“°Ø ªÕ√å ’‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â™—¥‡®π‡À¡◊Õπ√–¬–·√°¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ·≈–∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡™◊ÈÕ‡¢â“∑”≈“¬®–¬—ߧ߄Àâ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥Õ¬Ÿà ·µà„Àâ„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËπâÕ¬≈ß∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å∑’Ë∑”°“√©’¥æàπ∫π°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥°àÕπ∑’Ë®–©’¥æàπ¥â«¬‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å¡’°“√‡®√‘≠ ·≈–‡¢â“§√Õ∫§√Õßæ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â¥’°«à“‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“Õ“À“√ ·≈– “¡“√∂Õ¬Ÿà√Õ¥‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬À≈—ß ‡™◊ÈÕ T.

harzianum ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“·°àß·¬àßæ◊Èπ∑’˧√Õ∫§√Õß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‰¥â  àߺ≈„À⇙◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â ·≈–‰¡à· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡°‘¥‚√§„π∑’Ë ÿ¥

¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√„™â·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ‡™àπ Bacillus sp.

 “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ·≈– B006-017 ©’¥æàπ°àÕπ°“√‡°‘¥‚√§πà“®–¡’º≈„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

„π‡ÀÁ¥‰¥â¥’ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 2 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑”„Àâ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡√Á«¢÷Èπ

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.27 No.1 Jan. - Feb. 2005 36

Screening of antagonistic bacteria against the green mold disease

Maneechai, P., et al.

 √ÿª

®“°°“√·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å ®”π«π 174

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ®“°·À≈àßµà“ßÊ §◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’ˇªìπ‚√§√“‡¢’¬«∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥ª°µ‘ ·≈–¥Õ°‡ÀÁ¥º‘¥ª°µ‘ ‡™◊ÈÕ∑—Èß174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑π’È “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß√“‡¢’¬« (T.

harzianum) ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥«ß„  (clear zone)

√–À«à“ß‚§‚≈π’¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 174 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“»÷°…“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡ âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ (P. pulmonarius) æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π 28

‰Õ‚´‡≈∑  “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ„À⇠âπ„¬‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ √â“ßµÿà¡¥Õ°„π®“π‡≈’Ȭ߇™◊ÈÕ‰¥â µàÕ¡“‰¥â∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡À≈◊Õ 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ‰¥â¥’‡æ◊ËÕ„™â»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

‡¡◊ËÕπ”·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 22 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ¡“∑¥ Õ∫º≈µàÕ°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„π‚√߇√◊Õπ‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥‚¥¬©’¥‡´≈≈å·¢«π≈Õ¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬·µà≈–‰Õ‚´‡≈∑≈ß∑’˪“°∂ÿß°âÕπ‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“ æ∫«à“º≈º≈‘µ√«¡¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥‡¡◊ËÕ©’¥æàπ¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å 15 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ ∑”„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ(1.1-34.3%) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫º≈º≈‘µ∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â©’¥æàπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬®”π«π 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑ §◊ÕB004-013, B006-017, B012-21, B012-21, B012-022,

B012-034 ·≈– B012-054 ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â»÷°…“§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥π“ßøÑ“„π‚√߇√◊ÕπµàÕ‰ª°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπæ∫«à“‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ °ÿ≈ Bacillus

π”·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑—Èß 6 ‰Õ‚´‡≈∑∑’˧—¥‡≈◊Õ°‰¥â§◊Õ¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß√“‡¢’¬« T. harzianum ·≈–°√–µÿâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁ¥ √â“ߥհ¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡“„™â§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«¢Õ߇ÀÁ¥„π‚√߇√◊ÕπÕ’°§√—Èß„π™à«ß‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈º≈‘µ 60 «—π æ∫«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å “¬æ—π∏ÿå B012-022 ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬« ·≈–„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ÀÁ¥‡©≈’ˬ¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡ªìπ‚√§¡’‡æ’¬ß 6.7% º≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ 300.0 °√—¡/∂ÿß ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum

71.1%  à«π°“√©’¥æàπ‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ T. harzianum ∑”„Àâ∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥‡°‘¥‚√§¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 80.0% ‡ÀÁ¥„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’ˬ‡æ’¬ß 175.3 °√—¡/∂ÿß  à«π∂ÿ߇ÀÁ¥∑’Ë©’¥æàππÈ”°≈—Ëππ÷Ëß¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ ‡°‘¥‚√§ 33.3% ·≈–‡ÀÁ¥„Àâº≈º≈‘µ 191.7 °√—¡/∂ÿß

(8.8%)  “‡Àµÿ∑’ˇ°‘¥‚√§°—∫∂ÿß∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â©’¥æàπ T. harzianum

‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π‚√߇√◊Õπ

°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â√—∫∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ®“°»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬§«∫§ÿ¡»—µ√Ÿæ◊™‚¥¬™’«‘π∑√’¬å·Ààß™“µ‘¿“§„µâ  ¿“«‘®—¬·Ààß™“µ‘ ·≈–∫“ß à«π®“°∫—≥±‘µ«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√废⇢’¬π„§√à¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬åœ ∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’˙૬‡À≈◊ÕÕπÿ‡§√“–Àå ∂“π∑’Ë ·≈–Õÿª°√≥åµà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√«‘®—¬

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

°Õß∫√√≥“∏‘°“√. 2544. ø“√塇ÀÁ¥ ß¢≈“√–∑¡ ç√“ ’‡¢’¬«é√–∫“¥Àπ—°. 𑵬 “√‡ âπ∑“߇°…µ√ 1: 87-80.

π√‘ “ ®—π∑√å‡√◊Õß. 2543. °“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‡™◊ÈÕ Phytophthora botryosa ¢Õ߬“ßæ“√“‚¥¬™’««‘∏’. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ  “¢“«‘™“‚√§æ◊™«‘∑¬“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.

ª√–‰æ»√’ æ‘∑—°…å‰æ√«—π. 2542. ‚√§‡ÀÁ¥„π°“√∫√‘À“√»—µ√Ÿ‡ÀÁ¥.°Õß à߇ √‘¡æ◊™ «π °√¡ à߇ √‘¡°“√‡°…µ√ Àπâ“ 16-

40.Beyer, D.M., Wuest, P.J. and Anderson, M.G. 2001.

Green mold of mushrooms. [online]. Availablefrom http://www.personal.psy.edu/users/m/g/mga3/GMEB. Html [2001 June 25].

Boer, A.S. and Diderichsen, B. 1991. On the safety ofBacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 36: 1-4.

Castle, A., Speranizini, D., Rghei, N., Alm, G., Rinder,D. and Bissett. J. 1998. Morphological andmolecular identification of Trichoderma isolateson north American mushroom farms. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 64: 133-137.

Cooper, D.G., MacDonald, C.R., Duff, S.J.B. andKosaric, N. 1981. Enhanced production ofsurfactin by Bacillus subtilis by continuous re-move and metal cation additions. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 42: 408-412.

Curto, S. and Favelli, F. 1974. Stimulative effect ofcertain micro-organisms (bacteria, yeasts, micro-algae) upon fruit-body formation of Agaricusbisporus (Lange) Sing. Mush. Sci. 8: 67-73.

«.  ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡.§. - °.æ. 2548°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ªØ‘ªí°…å‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§√“‡¢’¬«

æ√»‘≈ªá ¡≥’©“¬ ·≈–§≥–37

Hume, D.P. and Hayes, W.A. 1974. The productionof fruit-body primordia in Agaricus bisporus(Lange) Sing. on agar media. Mush. Sci. 8: 527-531.

Katz, E. and Kemain, A.L. 1977. The peptide anti-biotics of Bacillus: chemistry, biogenesis andpossible functions. Bact. Rev. 41: 499-574.

Ospina-Giraldo, M.D., Royse, D.J., Chen, X. andRomaine, C.P. 1999. Molecular phylogeneticanalyses of biological control strains ofTrichoderma harzianum and other biotype ofTrichoderma spp. associated with mushroomgreen mold. Phytopathol. 89: 308-313.

Ovchinnikov, Y.A. and Lvanov, V.T. 1982. The cyclicpeptides, structures, conformation and function.In: The protein. (eds. H. Neurath and R.L.Hill.)Vol.5, pp.310-642. New York: IntersciencePublishers.

Romaine, C.P., Royse, D.J., Wuest, P.J. and Beyer,D.M. 1996. Mushroom green mold: cause,epaphic factors & control. Mush. News. 44: 20-23.

Sandrin, C., Peypoux, F. and Michel, G. 1990. Co-production of surfactin and iturin A, lipopeptideswith surfactant and antifungal properties byBacillus subtilis. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.12: 370-375.

Sharma, H.S.S., Kilpatrich, M., Ward, F., Lyon, G. andBurns, L. 1999. Colonization of phase II compostby biotype of Trichoderma harzianum and theeffect on mushroom yield and quality. Appl.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51: 527- 578.

Seaby, D. 1998. Trichoderma as a weed mould orpathogen in mushroom cultivation. InTrichoderma and Gliocladium Basic Biology,Taxonomy and Genetic. (eds. G.E. Harman.and C.P. Kubicek). Vol.2, pp.267-285. London:Toylor & Francis Ltd.

Sinden, J. and Hauser, E. 1953. Nature and control ofthree mildew disease of mushroom in America.Mush. Sci. 2: 177-180.

Singh, M. and Singh, R.P. 2001. Siderophore producingbacteria - as potential biocontrol agents ofmushroom disease. [online]. Available fromhttp:// www. uio.no/conferences June2000.htm#Samuels[2001 July 3].

Stanek, M. 1974a. Bacteria associated with mushroommycelium Agaricus bisporus (Lg.) Sing. inhyphosphere. Mush. Sci. 8: 197-207.

Stanek, M. 1974b. Microorganisms inhibiting mush-room compost during fermentation. Mush.Sci.8: 797-809.

Staunton, L. 1987. Trichoderma green mold in mush-room compost. The Mush. J. 179: 362-363.