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สมดบนทกหลกฐานการเรยนรรายบคคล หลกสตรการศกษานอกระบบระดบการศกษาขนพนฐาน พทธศกราช 2551

กศน.ต าบลตลงชน สงกด ศนยการศกษานอกระบบและการศกษาตามอธยาศย อ าเภอบานดานลานหอย จงหวดสโขทย

ชอ – สกล..............................................................................สถานภาพ.................................... .... วน/เดอน/ป เกด......................................................อาย...........................อาชพ................. .......... ชอ – สกล บดา........................................................อาย...........................อาชพ....................... .... ชอ – สกล มารดา....................................................อาย............................อาชพ.......................... จ านวนบตร..................... คน จ านวนพนอง.....................คน ก าลงศกษา.............................. คน เลขบตรประจ าตวประชาชน........................................................................................ .................................................. รหสนกศกษา..............................................................................ระดบการศกษา...................... .................................... กศน.ต าบล............................................ศนยการศกษานอกระบบและการศกษาตามอธยาศยอ าเภอบานดานลานหอย ทอยปจจบน.............................................................................................................. .................................................... หมายเลขโทรศพททสามารถตดตอได............................................................................................ ............................... ลงชอ.........................................นกศกษา (.......................................)

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ค าชแจง

หลกฐานการเรยนร หมายถง การก าหนดชนงาน ภาระงาน หรอลกษณะของชนงาน ทแสดงใหเหนถงพฒนาการของผเรยนทไดรบการพฒนาการเรยนรของแตละเรอง หรอแตละขนตอนของการจดกจกรรมการเรยนรทสามารถน าไปสการประเมนเพอปรบปรงคณภาพผเรยนใหสงขนอยางตอเนอง โดยแสดงใหเหนวาผเรยนไดเรยนร และสามารถท าไดตามทมาตรฐานการเรยนร ตวชวด และสาระการเรยนรทก าหนดไวทครอบคลมทงดานความร ทกษะ และคณลกษณะทพงประสงค เพอเปนการยนยน สรางความมนใจใหกบครวา ผเรยนมความเขาใจในเรองนน ๆ จรง หลกฐานการเรยนรทเปนการแสดงผลการเรยนร 1 อยาง อาจจะตอบไดหลายเปาหมายของการเรยนรกได เนองจากเปนหลกฐานทเปนผลการเรยนรของผเรยนทชดเจน การก าหนดหลกฐานการเรยนรทเกดกบผเรยนนน ตองเปนหลกฐานทสามารถบงชไดวา ผเรยนบรรลเปาหมายตามมาตรฐานการเรยนรทก าหนดไวดวยวธการประเมนอยางหลากหลาย และมความตอเนองจนจบสนกระบวนการเรยนรทจดขน ซงอาจเกดจากครก าหนดให หรออาจใหผเรยนรวมกนก าหนดขนจากการวเคราะหตวชวดในหนวยการเรยนรนน เชน บนทกการฝกทกษะ บนทกการเรยนร รายงาน แบบฝกหด โครงงาน แฟมสะสมงาน ซงมตวอยางดงน 1. บนทกการฝกทกษะ หมายถง ขอความทผเรยนจดหรอบนทกเกยวกบทกษะ ภาระงานทไดรบการฝกปฏบตในการเรยนรรายวชาตาง ๆ เพอแสดงใหเหนความกาวหนาของผเรยนทเกยวกบการฝกทกษะในเรองดงกลาว 2. บนทกการเรยนร หมายถง บนทกทผเรยนจดท าขน เพอแสดงใหเหนกระบวนการเรยนรของผเรยน และประโยชนทผเรยนไดรบจากการเรยนรทงในสวนขององคความรและการน าไปประยกตใชในชวตประจ าวน บนทกการเรยนร อาจมองคประกอบ ดงตอไปน 1. ปกหนา 2. ปกใน 3. รายละเอยดเกยวกบตวผเรยน ประกอบดวย 3.1 ชอ-นามสกล 3.2 รหสประจ าตวนกศกษา 3.3 ระดบชนทก าลงศกษา 3.4 กศน.ต าบลทนกศกษาสงกด 3.5 สถานศกษาทนกศกษาสงกด 4. สวนบนทกการเรยนร ประกอบดวยหวขอดงตอไปน 4.1 สาระการเรยนร และรายวชาทศกษา 4.2 หวขอทศกษา หรอทครมอบหมายใหศกษา 4.3 จดประสงคทศกษาในหวขอนน เพอใหผเรยนรจกการตงจดมงหมายใน การเรยนร อนจะเปนกรอบ หรอแนวทางการศกษาในหวขอทสนใจ และสามารถประเมนผลการเรยนร ดวยตนเอง โดยเทยบกบจดประสงคในการเรยนรทผเรยนตงไว

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4.4 ขนตอนการศกษา เพอใหผเรยนไดเรยนรการท างานอยางมระบบ และเพอฝกการวางแผนการท างาน การก ากบควบคมตนเองและเวลาการท างานใหสมพนธกน เพอใหงานส าเรจตามจดประสงค และระยะเวลาทวางไว ซงในขนตอนการศกษา ผเรยนจะตองระบรายละเอยดดงน 4.4.1 ขนตอนการรวบรวมขอมล ระบวามวธรวบรวม ขอมลอยางไร เชน คนหาเอกสารจากทใด หรอสอบถามผใด จดบนทกขอมลทหาอยางไร 4.4.2 ขนจดการขอมล ระบวาขอมลทได ผเรยนมการจดแบงเนอหาเปน หวขออยางไร น าขอมลมาใชอยางไร 4.5 สรปเนอหาทเรยนรแบบยอ โดยสรปเนอหาสาระความรทส าคญ ทงนตามหวขอทผเรยนจดท าไว 4.6 ผลการเรยนร ใหบอกถงผลของการศกษาคนควาทเกดกบตวผเรยน ในสวนของความรและการพฒนาตนเอง 4.7 การน าไปประยกตใชในรายวชาอน ๆ หรอในชวตประจ าวน ซงผเรยนจะตองระบใหชดเจน หากเนอหาในเรองทศกษาไมสามารถน าไปประยกตใชในรายวชาอน ๆ หรอในชวตประจ าวนได กใหระบเหตผลใหชดเจน 4.8 ความคดเหนของครประจ าวชา เปนความคดเหนของครตองานทผเรยนจดท า ครตองแสดงความคดเหนและใหขอเสนอแนะในเชงสรางสรรคตองานของผเรยน ครตองมเหตผลประกอบเพอใหผเรยนไดประโยชนจากขอคดเหนของคร ซงเปนสงทท าใหผเรยนรถงคณคาของการศกษาคนควา ครจงไมควรละเลยสวนนไป เพราะสงผลตอก าลงใจในการศกษาเรยนรของผเรยน 3. การรายงาน หมายถง การศกษาคนควา หาความรจากแหลงความรตาง ๆ หรอจากการทดลองการสงเกตการณ การสมภาษณ ของผเรยน ทน าสารสนเทศดงกลาวมาประเมน วเคราะห สงเคราะห ใหถกตองและเรยบเรยงอยางมแบบแผนทก าหนด อาจศกษาคนควาในเรองใดเรองหนงโดยวธใดวธหนงทผเรยนสนใจ หรอเปนเรองทครก าหนดใหศกษาคนควา รายงานเปนกจกรรมส าคญอยางหนงของการศกษาในปจจบน และถอเปนสวนหนงของการประเมนผลการศกษา การท ารายงานอาจท าเปนรายบคคล หรอเปนกลมกได ความยาวของรายงานขนอยกบขอบเขตของหวขอรายงาน และระยะเวลาในการท ารายงา ตวอยางขนตอนการท ารายงาน 3.1. หวขอเรอง อาจจะก าหนดโดยคร หรอผเรยนเลอกเอง หากเลอกเองควรเลอกเรองทตนเองสนใจ มขอบเขตเนอหาไมกวางหรอแคบเกน และคาดวาจะมแหลงขอมลใหคนควาอยางเพยงพอ จะชวยใหการท ารายงานสนกและไดความรเพมขน สวนการตงชอเรอง ควรตงใหกะทดรด ครอบคลมเนอหา และวตถประสงคของรายงานทท า 3.2. คนควาขอมลจากหลาย ๆ แหลง เชน หนงสอ อนเตอรเนต ซดทเกยวของ ฯลฯ จะไดความละเอยด แมนย า หลากหลายและทนสมย 3.3. เรยบเรยงขอมล โดยวางโครงเรองใหเปนหมวดหมตามล าดบ แบงเนอหาเปนบท จากหวขอใหญทมความส าคญมาก ตามดวยหวขอยอยทมความส าคญรองลงมา จากนนจงเขยนอยางเปนระบบเพอความสะดวกในการท าความเขาใจ 3.4. การท าเอกสารอางอง อางองแหลงขอมลทใชคนควา เพอความสมบรณและนาเชอถอของเนอหารายงาน นอกจากท ารายงานแลว การน าเสนอหนาชนกมความส าคญ ตองศกษาเนอหาใหเขาใจอาจจดหวขอส าคญไวดเผอลม รวมทงฝกซอมพดกอนน าเสนอจรง เพอความพรอมและความสมบรณของงาน

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4. การท าแบบฝกหด หมายถง สอการเรยนทใหผเรยนไดฝกหดเพอชวยเสรมใหเกดทกษะ ความรและความเขาใจในบทเรยนตามจดประสงคการเรยนรของบทเรยนนน 5. โครงงาน หมายถง การเรยนรทเกดจากความสนใจของผเรยน ทตองการศกษาคนควาเกยวกบสงใดสงหนงหรอหลาย ๆ สงทสงสยและตองการรค าตอบใหลกซง ชดเจน หรอตองการเรยนรในเรองนน ๆ ใหมากขนกวาเดม โดยใชความรหลาย ๆ ดาน และทกษะกระบวนการทตอเนอง มการวางแผนในการศกษา และรบผดชอบปฏบตตามแผน จนไดขอสรปหรอผลการศกษา หรอค าตอบเกยวกบเรองนน ๆ อยางเปนระบบ เรองทจะท าโครงงานควรเปนเรองทผเรยนสนใจและสอดคลองตามสาระการเรยนรตามรายวชานน ขนตอนการท าโครงงานของผเรยน 1. ครใหความรเกยวกบการท าโครงงานและผเรยนท าความเขาใจเกยวกบการท าโครงงาน 2. ผเรยนและครรวมกนศกษาหลกสตร และวเคราะหสาระของรายวชา 3. ผเรยนเลอกหวขอในการท าโครงงานตามความสนใจ 4. ผเรยนและครรวมกนจดท าแผนการท าโครงงาน 5. ผเรยนศกษา คนควา เอกสารและแหลงเรยนรทเกยวของ 6. ผเรยนเขยนโครงรางการท าโครงงานเพอเสนอขอความเหนชอบตอคร โดยครตองวเคราะหโครงรางใหสอดคลองกบมาตรฐานการเรยนรของสาระรายวชา หากไมสอดคลองกบมาตรฐานการเรยนรของสาระรายวชาดงกลาว ครตองสอนเสรมและใหคนควาเพมเตม 7. ผเรยนจดท ารายละเอยดของแผนปฏบตการการท าโครงงาน (ใคร ท าอะไร ทไหน เมอไร อยางไร) 8. ผเรยนปฏบตตามแผน โดยมการจดบนทกผลการเรยนรอยางเปนระบบและน าเสนอความกาวหนา ผเรยนและครรวมกนประเมนผลการท าโครงงานเปนระยะ ตามแผนปฏบตการ 9. ผเรยนเขยนรายงานสรปผลการท าโครงงาน 10. ผเรยนน าเสนอผลการท าโครงงานตอสาธารณะ โดยใชสอเทคโนโลย นทรรศการและสออน ๆ ตามความเหมาะสม 11. ผเรยนและครรวมกนประเมนผลการเรยนรแบบโครงงาน เกณฑการประเมนโครงงาน พจารณาจากองคประกอบ ดงน 1. ความสามารถในการท าโครงงาน - การเลอกหวขอเรองในการท าโครงงาน - ศกษาเอกสารทเกยวของ - โครงงานทท าเปนงานใหม หรอศกษาเพมเตมจากของเดม 2. ความสามารถในการด าเนนการท าโครงงาน - ดานเนอหาของโครงงาน ถกตองตามหลกการความเปนจรง มความคดรเรมสรางสรรค เลอกใชแหลงความรทเชอถอได สรปความรชดเจนตรงตามจดประสงค

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- ดานทกษะกระบวนการ มทกษะกระบวนการคดในการแกปญหา ศกษาปญหา ท าความเขาใจกบปญหา วางแผนอยางเปนระบบ ด าเนนการตามแผนครบทกขนตอน ประเมนและปรบปรงการด าเนนการไดเหมาะสม มทกษะกระบวนการคดและการสอสาร มความสามารถในการศกษา คนควาจากแหลงความรทเชอถอได มการเขยนรายงานผลการท าโครงงานถกตองและสอความหมายไดชดเจน 3. ความสามารถในการน าเสนอโครงงาน แนวคดและวธการเรยนรความรใหมทคนพบ ขอสรปของโครงงานบรรลตามวตถประสงคทตงไว ขอมลสมบรณและชดเจน รปแบบน าเสนอเหมาะสม 4. ความสอดคลองกบมาตรฐานการเรยนรของรายวชา บรรลตวชวดของรายวชา

ตวอยางหวขอการเขยนโครงงาน 1. ชอโครงงาน 2. หลกการและเหตผล 3. วตถประสงค 4. เปาหมาย 5. ขอบเขตของการศกษา 6. วธด าเนนงานและรายละเอยดของแผน 7. ระยะเวลาด าเนนงาน 8. งบประมาณ 9. ผลทคาดวาจะไดรบ 10. ชอผรบผดชอบโครงงาน 11. ชอครทปรกษา

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6. แฟมสะสมงาน หมายถง สงทเกบรวบรวมตวอยาง หรอ หลกฐานทแสดงถงผลสมฤทธ ความสามารถ ความพยายาม ความถนดของบคคลหรอ ประเดนทตองจดท าแฟมสะสมงานไวอยางเปนระบบในการจดท าแฟมสะสมงานมวตถประสงค 2 ประการ คอ 1. เพอใหเจาของแฟมไดประเมนตนเองวา ผลการเรยนรหรองานทท าเปนอยางไร ประสบผลส าเรจในระดบใด มระบบหรอไม ควรจะปรบปรงแกไขหรอไม อยางไร 2. เพอใหผทเกยวของไดประเมนเจาของแฟมวา มความสามารถในการเรยนรหรอการปฏบตงานเปนอยางไร ประสบความส าเรจในระดบใด ควรจะไดรบการชวยเหลอหรอพฒนาหรอไมอยางไร องคประกอบส าคญของแฟมสะสมผลงาน มดงน 1. สวนน า ประกอบดวย ปก ขอมลสวนตวของผเรยน ขอมลผลการเรยน สารบญ 2. สวนเนอหาของแฟมสะสมงาน เปนสวนทแสดงรายละเอยดของผลงานและความคดเหนของตนเองตอผลงานทไดเลอก อาจจดจ าแนกตามวตถประสงคการเรยนร หรอลกษณะธรรมชาตของงานกได 3. เกณฑการตดสนผลงาน ผลการประเมนคร ของตนเอง และของเพอนรวมทงภาคผนวก(ถาม)

7. การสอบ หมายถง การประเมนหาค าตอบวาผเรยนมความกาวหนา ทงดานความรทกษะ กระบวนการ คณธรรม จรยธรรม และคานยมทพงประสงค อนเปนผลเนองจากการจดกจกรรมการเรยนรหรอไม เพยงใด ซงตองใชวธการทหลากหลาย เนนการปฏบตใหสอดคลองและเหมาะสมกบสาระการเรยนร กระบวนการเรยนรของผเรยน ซงสามารถด าเนนการอยางตอเนองควบคไปในกจกรรมการเรยนรของผเรยน

7

การวเคราะหการจดการเรยนร และการก าหนดหลกฐานการเรยนร ระดบมธยมศกษาตอนปลาย กศน.ต าบลตลงชน อ าเภอบานดานลานหอย จงหวดสโขทย

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ทกษะการเรยนร

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บทท 1 การเรยนรดวยตนเอง บทท 2 การใชแหลงเรยนร บทท 3 การจดการความร บทท 4 การคดเปน บทท 5 การวจยอยางงาย บทท 6 ทกษะการเรยนรและศกยภาพหลกของพนทในการพฒนาอาชพ

1.บนทกการเรยนร 2.รายงาน 3.แบบฝกหด 4.โครงงาน/ผลงาน/ชนงาน 5.สอบกลางภาค

10 10 10 20 10

ความรพนฐาน

ภาษาไทย (5)

บทท 1. การฟง การด บทท 2. การพด บทท 3. การอาน บทท 4. การเขยน บทท 5. หลกการใชภาษา บทท 6. วรรณคดและวรรณกรรม บทท 7. ภาษาไทยกบชองทางการประกอบอาชพ

1.บนทกการเรยนร 2.แบบฝกหด 3.โครงงาน/ผลงาน/ชนงาน 4.สอบกลางภาค

20 10 20 10

8

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บทท 1 ทกษะทางวทยาศาสตรและกระบวนการทางวทยาศาสตร บทท 2 โครงงานวทยาศาสตร บทท 3 เซลล บทท 4 กระบวนการดารงชวตของพชและสตว บทท 5 ระบบนเวศ บทท 6 โลก บรรยากาศ ปรากฏการณทางธรรมชาต สงแวดลอมและ ทรพยากรธรรมชาต บทท 7 สารและการจาแนกสาร บทท 8 ธาตและสารประกอบ บทท 9 สารละลาย บทท 10 สารและผลตภณฑในชวต บทท 11 แรงและการใชประโยชน บทท 12 งานและพลงงาน บทท 13 ดวงดาวกบชวต บทท 14 อาชพชางไฟฟา

9

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บทท 1. การงานอาชพ บทท 2. ชองทางการพฒนาอาชพ บทท 3. การตดสนใจเลอกพฒนาอาชพ

1.บนทกการฝกทกษะ 2.บนทกการเรยนร 3.แบบฝกหด 4.ผลงาน/ชนงาน 5.สอบกลางภาค

20 10 10 10 10

เศรษฐกจพอเพยง (1) บทท 1. ความพอเพยง บทท 2. การประกอบอาชพอยางพอเพยง บทท 3. การวางแผนประกอบอาชพแบบพอเพยง บทท 4. เครอขายด าเนนชวตแบบพอเพยง

1.บนทกการฝกทกษะ 2.บนทกการเรยนร 3.แบบฝกหด 4.ผลงาน/ชนงาน 5.สอบกลางภาค

20 10 10 10 10

10

สญญาการเรยนร กศน.ต าบลตลงชน ประจ าปการศกษา 1/2555

จดมงหมาย แหลงวทยากร/วธการ หลกฐาน (คะแนน) การประเมนผล

สาระการเรยนรทกษะการเรยนร รายวชาทกษะการเรยนร (5) บทท 1 การเรยนรดวยตนเอง บทท 2 การใชแหลงเรยนร บทท 3 การจดการความร บทท 4 การคดเปน บทท 5 การวจยอยางงาย บทท 6 ทกษะการเรยนรและศกยภาพหลกของพนทในการพฒนาอาชพ

ผเรยนศกษาเรยนรดวยตนเองจากหนงสอเรยน อนเตอรเนต แหลงเรยนรในชมชน หองสมดประชาชน

1.บนทกการเรยนร (10) 2.รายงาน (10) 3.แบบฝกหด (10) 4.โครงงาน/ผลงาน/ชนงาน (20) 5.สอบกลางภาค (10)

1. การวดและประเมนผลกอนเรยน 2. การวดและประเมนผลระหวาง ภาคเรยน 3. การวดผลและประเมนผลปลายภาคเรยน

สาระการเรยนรความรพนฐาน รายวชาภาษาไทย (5) บทท 1. การฟง การด บทท 2. การพด บทท 3. การอาน บทท 4. การเขยน บทท 5. หลกการใชภาษา บทท 6. วรรณคดและวรรณกรรม บทท 7. ภาษาไทยกบชองทางการประกอบอาชพ

ผเรยนศกษาเรยนรดวยตนเอง จากหนงสอเรยน อนเตอรเนต หองสมดประชาชน

1.บนทกการเรยนร (20) 2.แบบฝกหด (10) 3.โครงงาน/ผลงาน/ชนงาน (20) 4.สอบกลางภาค (10)

1. การวดและประเมนผลกอนเรยน 2. การวดและประเมนผลระหวาง ภาคเรยน 3. การวดผลและประเมนผลปลายภาคเรยน

11

จดมงหมาย แหลงวทยากร/วธการ หลกฐาน (คะแนน) การประเมนผล

สาระการเรยนรความรพนฐาน รายวชาวทยาศาสตร (5) บทท 1 ทกษะทางวทยาศาสตรและกระบวนการทางวทยาศาสตร บทท 2 โครงงานวทยาศาสตร บทท 3 เซลล บทท 4 กระบวนการดารงชวตของพชและสตว บทท 5 ระบบนเวศ บทท 6 โลก บรรยากาศ ปรากฏการณทางธรรมชาต สงแวดลอมและ ทรพยากรธรรมชาต บทท 7 สารและการจาแนกสาร บทท 8 ธาตและสารประกอบ บทท 9 สารละลาย บทท 10 สารและผลตภณฑในชวต บทท 11 แรงและการใชประโยชน บทท 12 งานและพลงงาน บทท 13 ดวงดาวกบชวต บทท 14 อาชพชางไฟฟา

ผเรยนศกษาเรยนรดวยตนเอง จากหนงสอเรยน อนเตอรเนต หองสมดประชาชน การทดลอง ศกษาดงาน สอนเสรมจากครทจบเอกวทยาศาสตรโดยตรง

1.บนทกการฝกทกษะ (10) 2.บนทกการเรยนร (10) 3.แบบฝกหด (10) 4.โครงงาน/ผลงาน/ชนงาน (20) 5.สอบกลางภาค (10)

1. การวดและประเมนผลกอนเรยน 2. การวดและประเมนผลระหวาง ภาคเรยน 3. การวดผลและประเมนผลปลายภาคเรยน

12

จดมงหมาย แหลงวทยากร/วธการ หลกฐาน (คะแนน) การประเมนผล

สาระการเรยนรการประกอบอาชพ รายวชาชองทางการพฒนาอาชพ (2) บทท 1. การงานอาชพ บทท 2. ชองทางการพฒนาอาชพ บทท 3. การตดสนใจเลอกพฒนาอาชพ

ผเรยนศกษาเรยนรดวยตนเอง จากหนงสอเรยน จากผทประสบความส าเรจจากการประกอบอาชพ อนเตอรเนต หองสมดประชาชน

1.บนทกการฝกทกษะ (20) 2.บนทกการเรยนร (10) 3.แบบฝกหด (10) 4.ผลงาน/ชนงาน (10) 5.สอบกลางภาค (10)

1. การวดและประเมนผลกอนเรยน 2. การวดและประเมนผลระหวาง ภาคเรยน 3. การวดผลและประเมนผลปลายภาคเรยน

สาระการเรยนรการด าเนนชวต รายวชาเศรษฐกจพอเพยง (1) บทท 1. ความพอเพยง บทท 2. การประกอบอาชพอยางพอเพยง บทท 3. การวางแผนประกอบอาชพแบบพอเพยง บทท 4. เครอขายด าเนนชวตแบบพอเพยง

ผเรยนศกษาเรยนรดวยตนเอง จากหนงสอเรยน อนเตอรเนต หองสมดประชาชน แหลงเรยนรดานเศรษฐกจพอเพยง

1.บนทกการฝกทกษะ (20) 2.บนทกการเรยนร (10) 3.แบบฝกหด (10) 4.ผลงาน/ชนงาน (10) 5.สอบกลางภาค (10)

1. การวดและประเมนผลกอนเรยน 2. การวดและประเมนผลระหวาง ภาคเรยน 3. การวดผลและประเมนผลปลายภาคเรยน

ลงชอ.................................ผท าสญญา ลงชอ.................................พยาน ลงชอ.................................พยาน ลงชอ...................................ครผสอน (................................) (................................) (................................) (นายสมชาย นาโตนด)

13

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สาระทกษะการเรยนร รายวชาทกษะการเรยนร ทร21001

5 หนวยกต

15

แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ขอใดคอความพรอมในการเรยนรดวยตนเอง ก. มความเสยสละ ข. มประชาธปไตย ค. มความรบผดชอบ ง. มความซอสตย 2. ขอใด ไมใช องคประกอบของการเรยนร ก. สงอ านวยความสะดวก ข. จตส านกในการเรยนร ค. สงอ านวยความสะดวก ง. เจตคตเชงลบ 3. การเรยนรดวยตนเองมลกษณะส าคญอยางไร ก. เรยนรดวยการเรมตนของตนเอง มความตงใจ มจดมงหมาย

ข. ตองไมสอดคลองกบพฒนาการทางจตวทยา ค. ท าใหผเรยนมความเสยสละมากยงขน

ง. พฒนาตนเองไปสขอจ ากด กฎระเบยบ ขอบงคบ 4. การเรยนรดวยตนเองควรเรมตนจากสงใดเปนอนดบแรก ก. ครผสอน ข. ตนเอง ค. จากหนงสอ ง. อนเตอรเนต 5. ขอใดตอไปนถอเปนภมปญญาชาวบานหรอภมปญญา ก. คอมพวเตอร ข. การทอผา ค. รถยนต ง. เครองจกรกล 6. ขอใดตอไปนจดเปนแหลงเรยนรประเภทกลมงานศลปะ วฒนธรรม ก. อทยานประวตศาสตร ข. ศนยวทยาศาสตร ค. ภมปญญา ง. อนเตอรเนต 7. แหลงเรยนรประเภทธรรมชาต คอขอใด ก. สงกอสราง ข. บคคลผเชยวชาญ ค. อทยานแหงชาต ง. งานทอดกฐน 8. การจดการความรเรยกสน ๆ วาอะไร ก. MK ข. KM ค. LO ง. QA 9. เปาหมายของการจดการความรคออะไร ก. พฒนาคน ข. พฒนางาน ค. พฒนาองคกร ง. ถกทกขอ 10. ขอใดถกตองมากทสด ก. การจดการความรหากไมท า จะไมร ข. การจดการความรคอการจดการความรของผเชยวชาญ ค. การจดการความรถอเปนเปาหมายของการท างาน ง. การจดการความรคอการจดการความรทมในเอกสาร ต ารามาจดใหเปนระบบ 11. ขนสงสดของการเรยนรคออะไร

ก. ปญญา ข. สารสนเทศ ค. ขอมล ง. ความร 12. ชมชนนกปฏบต (CoP) คออะไร ก. การจดการความร ข. เปาหมายของการจดการความร ค. วธการหนงของการจดการความร ง. แนวปฏบตของการจดการความร

16

13. สารสนเทศคออะไร ก. ขอมลดบทเปนขอมลเทจจรงหรอเหตการณตางๆ ทเกดขนในชวตประจ าวน ข. ขอมลทไมสามารถบอกไดวามคามากหรอนอย ค. ขอมลทน ามาผานกระบวนการประมวลผล วเคราะหจนสามารถน ามาใชในการตดสนใจตอไปไดทนท ง. ขอมลทสามารถวดคาไดวามมากหรอนอยซงสามารถวดคาออกมาเปนตวเลขได 14. ขอใดเปนขอมลเชงปรมาณ ก. เพศ ข. ศาสนา ค. สผม ง. คะแนนสอบ 15. ขอใดตอไปนเปนขอมลเชงคณภาพ ก. ความพงพอใจ ข. อณหภม ค. ปรมาณ ง. สวนสง 16. ประเภทของขอมลเมอจ าแนกตามแหลงทมาแลวสามารถแบงออกไดเปนกประเภท ก. 2 ประเภท ข. 3 ประเภท ค. 4 ประเภท ง. 5 ประเภท 17. รายงานประจ าปของหนวยงานตางๆ จดเปนขอมลประเภทใด ก. เชงปรมาณ ข. ปฐมภม ค. ทตยภม ง. เชงคณภาพ 18. การวจยอยางงายคออะไร ก. กระบวนการในการสบคนขอมลเดม ข. กระบวนการในการสบคนขอมลใหม

ค. กระบวนการในการคนหาองคความรหรอขอคนพบปญหา ง. กระบวนการในการคนหาองคความรใหมหรอคนพบในการแกปญหา

19. ประโยชนของการวจยอยางงายคออะไร ก. ปลกฝงใหมพนฐานแสวงหาความรในการแกปญหาอยางมระบบ ข. ฝกใหเปนคนคดทบทวน ย าคดย าท า ค. ปลกฝงใหมพนฐานการแสวงหาความรรวมกบผอน ง. ฝกเปนคนแกปญหารวมกบผอน 20. ขนท 1 ในการท าวจยคออะไร ก. เรมตนจากผวจยอยากรอะไร ข. เรมตนจากผวจยหาเครองมอทใชท าวจย

ค. เรมจากผวจยสรปผลการวจย ง. เรมจากผวจยหาเอกสารอางอง

17

ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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บทท 1 การเรยนรดวยตนเอง

ความหมายและความส าคญของการเรยนรดวยตนเอง ............................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... การเรยนรดวยตนเอง สามารถจ าแนกออกเปน 2 ลกษณะส าคญ ................................................................................................................................................ 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บทบาทของผเรยนในการเรยนรดวยตนเอง .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... 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ท าไมตองมการท าสญญาการเรยน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ขอดของสญญาการเรยน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... .............. .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... การทบคคลจะเรยนรดวยตนเองไดนนตองมลกษณะความพรอมของการเรยนรดวยตนเอง 8 ประการ ดงน .................................................................................... 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แบบฝกหด กจกรรมท 1 ใหอธบายลกษณะของ “ความพรอมในการเรยนรดวยตนเอง” มาพอสงเขป ............................................................................................................................. ................................... ....................................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................................................................. ............................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ...... ........................................................................................................................... ..................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................... ................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................... ................................................................................. ............................................................................... กจกรรมท 2 “รเขา รเรา” วตถประสงค เพอใหผเรยนแสดงความคด และความรสกทมตอตนเอง และผอน แนวคด สงแวดลอมของการมเพอนใหม คอ การท าความรจกคนเคยกน บรรยากาศทเปนกนเองมารยาททางสงคมจะเปนแนวทางการน าไปสสมพนธภาพทดระหวางสมาชกในกลมซงจะน าไปสการแสดงความคดเหน การอภปรายแลกเปลยนประสบการณ และความรวมมอในการท างาน ค าชแจง 1. ใหทานคดสญลกษณแทนตวเองซงบงบอกถงลกษณะนสยใจคอ จ านวน 1 ขอ วาด/เขยนลงใน ชองวางทก าหนดใหขางลาง หลงจากนน ใหทานเขยนอดมการณ แนวคด หรอค าขวญ ประจ าตวลงใตภาพ

22

2. ใหทานไปสมภาษณ พด คยกบเพอนหรอคนใกลชด โดยการใหเพอนหรอคนใกลชดคดสญลกษณแทนตวเองซงบงบอกถงลกษณะนสยใจคอ จ านวน 1 ขอ วาด/เขยนลงในชองวางทก าหนดใหขางลาง หลงจากนน ใหเขยนอดมการณ แนวคด หรอค าขวญ ประจ าตวลงใตภาพ 3. ทานไดขอคดอะไรบางจากกจกรรมน ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................................................................................................... กจกรรมท 3 “คณคาแหงตน” วตถประสงค 1. เพอใหผเรยนเกดความตระหนกในคณคาของตนเอง และสรางความภมใจในตนเอง 2. เพอใหผเรยนสามารถระบปจจยทมผลท าใหตนไดรบความส าเรจ และความตองการ ความส าเรจ รวมทงความคาดหวงทจะไดรบความส าเรจอกในอนาคต แนวคด ทกคนยอมมความสามารถอยในตนเอง การมองเหนถงความส าคญของตน จะน าไปสการรจกคณคาแหงตน และถามโอกาสน าเสนอถงความสามารถและผลส าเรจในชวตใหผอนไดรบทราบในโอกาสทเหมาะสม จะท าใหคนเราเกดความภาคภมใจยงขน การทบทวนความส าเรจในอดตจะชวยสรางเสรมความภมใจ ก าลงใจ เจตคตทด เกดความเชอมนวาตนเองจะเปนผทสามารถเรยนรดวยตนเองได และความตองการประสบความส าเรจตอไปอกในอนาคตความรสกเหนคณคาในตนเองอยางแทจรงเปนการเหนคณคา คณประโยชนในตนเอง เขาใจ ตนเอง รบผดชอบตอทกสงทตนเปนเจาของ ยอมรบความแตกตางของบคคล เหนคณคาการยอมรบของผอน สามารถพฒนาตนเองทงในดานสวนตว ยอมรบ ยกยอง ศรทธาในตวเองและผอน ท าใหเกดความเชอมนในตนเองเปนความรสกไววางใจตนเอง สามารถยอมรบในจดบกพรอง จดออนแอของตนและพยายามแกไข รวมทงยอมรบความสามารถของตนเองในบางครง และพฒนาใหดขนเรอยไป เมอท าอะไรผดแลวกสามารถยอมรบไดอยางแทจรง และแกปญหาไดอยางสรางสรรค

23

ค าชแจง 1. ใหผเรยนเขยนความส าเรจทภาคภมใจในชวตในชวง 5 ป ทผานมา จ านวน 1 เรอง และตอบค าถามในประเดน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... 1) ความรสกเมอประสบความส าเรจ ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ 2) ปจจยทมผลท าใหตนไดรบความส าเรจ ................................................................................................................................ .............................................................. .................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ 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2. ใหผเรยนเขยนเรองทมความมงหวง ทจะใหส าเรจในอนาคตและซงคาดวาท าไดจรง จ านวน 1 เรอง และตอบค าถามในประเดน ปจจยอะไรบางทจะท าใหความคาดหวงไดรบความส าเรจในอนาคต” ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ 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กจกรรมท 4 “แปรงสฟนมหศจรรย” วตถประสงค เพอใหผเรยนตระหนกถงความส าคญของการมองโลกในแงด ความคดสรางสรรคและพฒนาทงความคดในดานบวก และความคดสรางสรรคทมในตนเอง ค าชแจง 1. ใหผเรยนเขยนประโยชนของแปรงสฟน ใหไดมากทสด ในเวลา 5 นาท

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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กจกรรมท 5 “บณฑตสงวย” วตถประสงค 1. เพอใหผเรยนทราบและเขาใจในแนวคดการเรยนรดวยตนเอง และความพรอมในการ เรยนรดวยตนเอง 2. เพอน าไปสลกษณะการเรยนรดวยตนเองทใฝเรยนร เหนคณคาของการเรยนร ความสามารถทจะเรยนรดวยตนเองความรบผดชอบในการเรยนร การมองอนาคตในแงด ของสมาชก รวมทงสมาชกเหนความส าคญ และตระหนกในความพรอมในการเรยนรดวยตนเอง แนวคด คณลกษณะพเศษในการทจะเรยนรและพฒนาตนเองอยางตอเนองโดยมจ าเปนตองรอคอยจากการศกษาหรอการเรยนรอยางเปนทางการเพยงอยางเดยว คณลกษณะพเศษ ดงกลาวคอ “ความพรอมในการเรยนรโดยการชน าตนเอง” ซงเปนความคดเหน วา ตนเองมเจตคต ความร ความสามารถทจะเรยนรโดยมตองใหคนอนก าหนดหรอสงการ พรอมทจะเรยนรวธการเรยนรและประเมนการเรยนร ทงอาจดวยความชวยเหลอจากผอนหรอไมกตาม การทบคคลสามารถชน าตนเองทจะเรยนร ยอมเปนโอกาสทบคคลจะเรยนรทจะพฒนาตนเองอยางตอเนองและเรยนรตลอดชวต การพฒนาการเรยนรโดยการชน าตนเอง ยอมเปนหนทางทท าใหบคคลเรยนรอยางไมสนสด ค าชแจง ใหผเรยนศกษาภาพขาว การส าเรจการศกษาจากภาพ ของ บณฑตสงวย พรอมอธบาย ในประเดน

(1) “ความรสกของทานตอภาพทไดเหน” ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... (2) “ท าไมบคคลในภาพ ถงประสบความส าเรจในการเรยนร” ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... ..................................................................................................

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บทท 2 การใชแหลงเรยนร

ความหมายและความส าคญของแหลงเรยนร ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... 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หองสมด หมายถง ........................................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................ ..................................... ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ บทบาทหนาทของหองสมดประชาชน “เฉลมราชกมาร” ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ...... การใหบรการของหองสมดประชาชน “เฉลมราชกมาร” ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ...................................................... ............................................................................ ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................... ................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... .................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................

29

พพธภณฑสามารถแบงออกได 6 ประเภท ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. ..................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ...................................... ............................................................................................ ................................................................................................. ศาสนสถาน คอ .............................................................................................................. .................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ........................................................................................................................... อนเตอรเนต คอ ........................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................. .................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ความส าคญของอนเตอรเนต ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ใหผเรยนสบคนขอมลทางอนเทอรเนตเกยวกบศลปวฒนธรรมทองถน เปนภมล าเนาของผเรยน สรปเปนรายงานสงคร พรอมทงเขยนแผนภมเสนทางการสบคนขอมล ดงกลาวดวย

30

บทท 3 การจดการความร

การจดการ หมายถง ......................................................................................................... ................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ความร หมายถง ........................................................................................................... .................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ความรแบงเปน 2 ประเภท คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การจดการความร หมายถง .......................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................

31

ความส าคญตอการพฒนาบคลากรในองคกร ซงประโยชนทจะเกดขนตอบคคล กลม หรอองคกร มอยางนอย 3 ประการ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... ................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หลกการของการจดการความร ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

32

กระบวนการจดการความร 7 ขนตอน คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................. ............................ ...................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. ..................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................

33

การจดการความรเพอการแลกเปลยนเรยนร จงมหลากหลายรปแบบ ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................... . .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... . ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................

34

ชมชนแหงการเรยนร คอ ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ขอบขายความรทจ าเปนและส าคญตอการพฒนากลม ............................................................................................................................... .............................................................. . ................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... . ....................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... .........................................................

35

สารสนเทศ คอ .......................................................... .................................................................................................. ...... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... วตถประสงคการจดท าสารสนเทศ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การถายทอดความร คอ ............................................................................................................. ....................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ทกษะการเรยนรเพอจดการความรในตนเอง ............................................................................................ ................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. .................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

36

ขนตอนการจดการความรดวยตนเอง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... ....................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ความส าเรจของการจดการความรดวยตนเอง ........................................................................................... .................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... .............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

37

แบบฝกหด ใหผเรยน ไปถอดองคความรกลมอาชพตาง ๆ ในชมชน และ น ามาสรปเปนองคความร ตามแบบฟอรมดงน สรปองคความรกลม............................................................................................................................. ทอยกลม............................................................................................................................. ............................................ ชอผถอดองคความร 1..................................................................................................................................... 2............................................................................................................................ ......... 3.....................................................................................................................................

เนอหาความร ขอด/จดเดน ปญหา แนวทางแกไขปญหา แหลงความรบคคล

38

บทท 4 คดเปน

กระบวนการคดเปนมองคประกอบ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ขนตอนการแกปญหาของคนคดเปน ............................................................................................................... .............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................

39

แบบฝกหด ใหผเรยนก าหนดปญหามา 1ปญหา แลวน ากระบวนการคดเปนมาแกปญหา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .....................................................................................................................

40

บทท 5 การวจยอยางงาย

การวจย หมายถง ........................................................................................... ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยชนของการวจยอยางงาย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ขนตอนการท าวจยอยางงาย ........................................................................................................... .................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... .............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

41

ความถ คอ ............................................................................................................... ......................................................... .................................................................. ........................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. คาเฉลย คอ ............................................................................................................. .......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. เครองมอทใชในการวจย ไดแก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... หลกการเขยนโครงการวจย ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .

42

บทท 6 ทกษะการเรยนรและศกยภาพหลกของพนทในการพฒนาอาชพ

ศกยภาพ (Potential) คอ ........................................................................................................................ ......................... ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การวเคราะห คอ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ศกยภาพหลกของพนท คอ ................................................................................................................................. .............. .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ศกยภาพของทรพยากรธรรมชาตในแตละพนท หมายถง ....................................................................... ............................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ศกยภาพของพนทตามหลกภมอากาศ หมายถง................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ศกยภาพของภมประเทศและท าเลทตงของแตละพนท หมายถง ....................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ศกยภาพของทรพยากรมนษยในแตละพนท หมายถง ........................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

43

กลมอาชพใหมดานเกษตรกรรม ไดแก ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. กลมอาชพใหมดานอตสาหกรรม ไดแก ............................................................................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... กลมอาชพใหมดานพาณชยกรรม ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................ .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. กลมอาชพใหมดานความคดสรางสรรค ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ กลมอาชพใหมดานบรหารจดการและการบรการ .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ...................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ......

44

แบบฝกหด ใหผเรยนวเคราะหศกยภาพของพนท ในกลมอาชพใหมดานเกษตรกรรมในชมชนของตนเอง

ท ศกญภาพ รายละเอยดทควรพจารณาในประเดน

45

แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ขอใดคอความพรอมในการเรยนรดวยตนเอง ก. มความเสยสละ ข. มประชาธปไตย ค. มความรบผดชอบ ง. มความซอสตย 2. ขอใด ไมใช องคประกอบของการเรยนร ก. สงอ านวยความสะดวก ข. จตส านกในการเรยนร ค. สงอ านวยความสะดวก ง. เจตคตเชงลบ 3. การเรยนรดวยตนเองมลกษณะส าคญอยางไร ก. เรยนรดวยการเรมตนของตนเอง มความตงใจ มจดมงหมาย

ข. ตองไมสอดคลองกบพฒนาการทางจตวทยา ค. ท าใหผเรยนมความเสยสละมากยงขน

ง. พฒนาตนเองไปสขอจ ากด กฎระเบยบ ขอบงคบ 4. การเรยนรดวยตนเองควรเรมตนจากสงใดเปนอนดบแรก ก. ครผสอน ข. ตนเอง ค. จากหนงสอ ง. อนเตอรเนต 5. ขอใดตอไปนถอเปนภมปญญาชาวบานหรอภมปญญา ก. คอมพวเตอร ข. การทอผา ค. รถยนต ง. เครองจกรกล 6. ขอใดตอไปนจดเปนแหลงเรยนรประเภทกลมงานศลปะ วฒนธรรม ก. อทยานประวตศาสตร ข. ศนยวทยาศาสตร ค. ภมปญญา ง. อนเตอรเนต 7. แหลงเรยนรประเภทธรรมชาต คอขอใด ก. สงกอสราง ข. บคคลผเชยวชาญ ค. อทยานแหงชาต ง. งานทอดกฐน 8. การจดการความรเรยกสน ๆ วาอะไร ก. MK ข. KM ค. LO ง. QA 9. เปาหมายของการจดการความรคออะไร ก. พฒนาคน ข. พฒนางาน ค. พฒนาองคกร ง. ถกทกขอ 10. ขอใดถกตองมากทสด ก. การจดการความรหากไมท า จะไมร ข. การจดการความรคอการจดการความรของผเชยวชาญ ค. การจดการความรถอเปนเปาหมายของการท างาน ง. การจดการความรคอการจดการความรทมในเอกสาร ต ารามาจดใหเปนระบบ 11. ขนสงสดของการเรยนรคออะไร

ก. ปญญา ข. สารสนเทศ ค. ขอมล ง. ความร 12. ชมชนนกปฏบต (CoP) คออะไร ก. การจดการความร ข. เปาหมายของการจดการความร ค. วธการหนงของการจดการความร ง. แนวปฏบตของการจดการความร

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13. สารสนเทศคออะไร ก. ขอมลดบทเปนขอมลเทจจรงหรอเหตการณตางๆ ทเกดขนในชวตประจ าวน ข. ขอมลทไมสามารถบอกไดวามคามากหรอนอย ค. ขอมลทน ามาผานกระบวนการประมวลผล วเคราะหจนสามารถน ามาใชในการตดสนใจตอไปไดทนท ง. ขอมลทสามารถวดคาไดวามมากหรอนอยซงสามารถวดคาออกมาเปนตวเลขได 14. ขอใดเปนขอมลเชงปรมาณ ก. เพศ ข. ศาสนา ค. สผม ง. คะแนนสอบ 15. ขอใดตอไปนเปนขอมลเชงคณภาพ ก. ความพงพอใจ ข. อณหภม ค. ปรมาณ ง. สวนสง 16. ประเภทของขอมลเมอจ าแนกตามแหลงทมาแลวสามารถแบงออกไดเปนกประเภท ก. 2 ประเภท ข. 3 ประเภท ค. 4 ประเภท ง. 5 ประเภท 17. รายงานประจ าปของหนวยงานตางๆ จดเปนขอมลประเภทใด ก. เชงปรมาณ ข. ปฐมภม ค. ทตยภม ง. เชงคณภาพ 18. การวจยอยางงายคออะไร ก. กระบวนการในการสบคนขอมลเดม ข. กระบวนการในการสบคนขอมลใหม

ค. กระบวนการในการคนหาองคความรหรอขอคนพบปญหา ง. กระบวนการในการคนหาองคความรใหมหรอคนพบในการแกปญหา

19. ประโยชนของการวจยอยางงายคออะไร ก. ปลกฝงใหมพนฐานแสวงหาความรในการแกปญหาอยางมระบบ ข. ฝกใหเปนคนคดทบทวน ย าคดย าท า ค. ปลกฝงใหมพนฐานการแสวงหาความรรวมกบผอน ง. ฝกเปนคนแกปญหารวมกบผอน 20. ขนท 1 ในการท าวจยคออะไร ก. เรมตนจากผวจยอยากรอะไร ข. เรมตนจากผวจยหาเครองมอทใชท าวจย

ค. เรมจากผวจยสรปผลการวจย ง. เรมจากผวจยหาเอกสารอางอง

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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สาระความรพนฐาน รายวชาภาษาไทย พท21001

4 หนวยกต

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แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. บคคลในขอใดขาดมารยาทในการฟงมากทสด

ก. คยกบเพอนขณะทฟงผ อนพด ข. ฟงไปทานอาหารไปขณะทผพดพด ค.ไปถงสถานทฟงหลกจากผพดเรมพดแลว ง. จดบนทกขณะทฟงโดยไมมองผพดเลย 2. องคประกอบของการพดทส าคญทสดคอขอใด ก. ผพด ข. เรองราวทพด ค. ผ ฟง ง. วธการพด 3. หวใจของการพดคออะไร ก. ค าน า ข. เนอหา ค. หวขอสรป ง. การขยายความ 4. ขอใดกลาวถงการพด “ขอบคณ” ไดถกตอง ก. การพด “ ขอบคณ” เปนมารยาทดของผพด ข. ผกลาวกลาวใหถกตองกบฐานะผ ฟง ค. บางครงผพดอาจกลาวทงค า “ขอบคณ” หรอ “ขอบใจ” แลวแตโอกาส ง. ถกทกขอ 5. ความมงหมายประการส าคญทสดของการอานคอขอใด ก. อานเพอความร ข. อานเพอสนองความสนใจ ค. อานเพอประโยชนการเขาสงคม ง. อานเพอประโยชนทางใดทางหนงดวยความจ าเปน 6. ผอานจะบรรลจดมงหมายในการอานไดจะตองมความรในดานใด ก. ดานภาษา ข. ดานค าศพท ค. ดานประโยค ง. ดานส านวนโวหาร 7. จนตนาวนหนง ๆ เธอท าอะไรบาง “ ขอความนอานอยางไรจงจะถกตอง” ก. จนตนาวนหนง จนตนาวนหนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ข. จนตนาวนหนง หนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ค. จนตนาวนหนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ง. จนตนา เธอท าอะไรบาง วนหนง วนหนง 8. ขอใดอานออกเสยงไดถกตอง ก. ภมประเทศ อาน พม- ประ- เทศ ข. ภมอากาศ อาน พม- อา – กาด ค. ภมภาค อาน พ - ม- พาก ง. ภมใจ อาน พ - ม- ใจ 9. จดหมายประเภทใดใชตราครฑ ก. จดหมายสวนตว ข. จดหมายกจธระ ค. จดหมายธรกจ ง. จดหมายราชการ 10. ค าขนตนจดหมายราชการ ค าวา “กราบเรยน” ใชกบใคร ก. รฐมนตร ข. องคมนตร ค. ผแทนราษฎร ง. ประธานศาลฎกา 11. รปแบบของจดหมายโดยทวไปจะมกสวน ก. 3 สวน ข. 6 สวน ค. 12 สวน ง. 14 สวน 12. วรรณกรรมทองถนหมายถงขอใด ก. ผลงานทางดานภาษาภายในทองถนทปรากฏออกมา ข. งานเขยนทมรปแบบตามอทธพลตะวนตก ค. หนงสอทมงหมายถงความสนกสนาน ง. ถกตองทง ข และ ค

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13. ขอใด ไมใช ประโยค ก. แมวลายของฉนจบหนเกงมาก ข. ปมา ปทะเล เธอชอบอยางไหนมากกวากน ค. เดนๆ วงๆ จดเปนการออกก าลงกายอยางหนง ง. นกตวเลกๆ บนกงไมใกลหนาตาง 14. วรรณกรรมแตกตางจากวรรณคดอยางไร ก. มความทนสมยมากกวา ข. มการสบทอดตอกนมาโดยอาศยความจ า ค. ไมมงเนนวาจะเปนงานเขยนทแตงดหรอไม ง. ถกทกขอ 15. ขอใดเปนความหมายของการใชวจารณญาณ ก. รบรสงตางๆ ข. การใชความคดในเรองตางๆ ค. การใชสตปญญาไตรตรองสงตางๆ ง. การพจารณาสงตางๆ ดวยความรอบคอบและมเหตผล 16. วรรณคดทไดรบการยกยองเปนยอดกลอนละครร าไดแกขอใด ก. อเหนา ข. สงขทอง ค. ระเดนลนได ง. หวใจนกรบ 17. “เหนหรมรมทรวงเสรา รมรมเราคอไฟฟอน” ค า “ไฟฟอน” มความหมายตรงกบขอใด ก. ไฟทรอนแรง ข. ไฟทไหมฟาง ค. ไฟทไหมในเชงตะกอน ง. ไฟทไหมจนเปนเถาถาน 18. ขอใดเปนการใชน าเสยงทถกตอง ก. เสยงดงฟงชด ข. รจกใชส านวนโวหารสภาษต ค. เปลงเสยงเปนธรรมชาตไมดดเสยง ง. ถกเฉพาะขอ ก และ ข 19. ค าประพนธตอไปนมลกษณะทนาจดจ าในแงใดมากทสด

“โอศรเสาวลกษณล า แลโลม โลกเลย แมวามกงโพยม ยนหลา แขนขวญนชชโฉม แมกเมฆไวแม กดบมกงฟา ฝากนองนางเดยว”

ก. ใหคณคาทางปญญา ข. ชวยเตมเตมในสงทขาดไป ค. แนวคดแปลกและกวางไกล ง. เปนแมแบบของโคลงสสภาพ

20. ขอใดเปนค าสภาษต ก. คนฉลาดเทานนจะมความสขไดเพราะความรก ข. รไวใชวาใสบาแบกหาม ค. สาวไสใหกากน ง. เอาอกเอาใจ

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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บทท 1 การฟง และการด

การฟงและการด หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ................... ............................................................................................................... .............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... หลกการฟงและการดทด ........................................................................................... .................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... การฟงมจดมงหมาย คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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หลกการฟงเพอจบใจความ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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มารยาทการฟงและการด .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . การวเคราะห คอ .......................................................................................................... .................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การตความ คอ .................................................................................................................................. ............................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การตดสนใจ คอ ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

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แบบฝกหด

ใหผเรยนใชวจารณญาณใหรอบคอบวา เมอฟงขอความโฆษณานแลว นาเชอถอหรอเปนความจรงมากนอย เพยงไร “ครมถนอมผว ชวยใหผวนม ผวทมรวรอยเหยวยนจะกลบเตงตงเปลงปลง ผวทออนเยาวในวยเดกจะกลบคนมา

คณสภาพสตร โปรดไววางใจ และเรยกใชครมถนอมเนอ”

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บทท 2 การพด

องคประกอบของการพดประกอบดวย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................... ลกษณะของการพดทด ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... 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................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ความส าคญของการพด ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... 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การพดใหโอวาท มลกษณะดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... มารยาทในการพด ................................................................................................ .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. .................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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58

แบบฝกหด ใหผเรยนจดท าตนรางเรองทจะพดในโอกาสดงตอไปน 1. กลาวอวยพรคบาว – สาว ในงานเลยงฉลองมงคลสมรส ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 2. กลาวตอนรบผทมาศกษา – ดงานในชมชน ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 3. กลาวขอบคณวทยากรในงานฝกอบรม …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............

59

บทท 3 การอาน

การอาน หมายถง ............................................................................. ................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การอานในใจ หมายถง ....................................................................................................... ............................................... ................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . จดประสงคของการอานในใจ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . หลกการอานในใจ 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60

การอานออกเสยง หมายถง ................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... จดมงหมายของการอานออกเสยง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หลกการอานออกเสยง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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61

หลกการอานเรว ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... เทศนาโวหาร คอ ........................................................ ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หลกการอานออกเสยงรอยกรอง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... .........................................................................................................................

62

ประโยชนของการเลอกหนงสอ ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... .............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยชนทไดรบจากการอานหนงสอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ .................................................. ................................................................................ .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . หลกการอานจบใจความ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 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63

มารยาทในการอาน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. การทบคคลใดบคคลหนงจะมนสยรกการอานไดจะตองไดรบการฝกฝนมาตงแตเดกๆ แตกมใชวาเมอโตเปนผใหญแลวจะไมสามารถสรางนสยรกการอานได ทงนเราจะตองสรางบรรยากาศ สภาพแวดลอมทเออใหเดกๆ หนมาสนใจการอานดงน ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... 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64

แบบฝกหด สออเลกทรอนกสชวยใหเกดการเรยนรตลอดชวตไดแกอะไรบาง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 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......................................................................................................................... การอานอยางไร จงจะเรยกวาเปนการอานวเคราะหวจารณ .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................ .................................................................................. ........................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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65

บทท 4 การเขยน

การเขยนมหลกทควรปฏบต ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การใชภาษาในการเขยน มหลกการเขยนดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. รปแบบของแผนภาพความคด ม 4 รปแบบ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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66

ประโยชนของแผนภาพความคด ......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ขนตอนการเขยนแผนภาพความคด .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ..................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การเขยนเรยงความ คอ ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... องคประกอบของเรยงความ ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การเขยนยอความ คอ ....................................................................................................... ................................................ 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67

ยอความมหลกการ ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....... ........................................................................................................................... .................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................... . .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... . ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. แบบของยอความ 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68

หลกการทวไปในการเขยนจดหมาย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. มารยาทในการเขยนจดหมาย ......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................... ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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69

จดหมายราชการหรอหนงสอราชการ คอ ......................................................................................... ............................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... รปแบบหนงสอราชการจงมรปแบบเฉพาะดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................... ................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. จดหมายราชการแบงไดเปน 5 ประเภท คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. มารยาทในการเขยน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . 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70

กลวธของการเขยนค าโฆษณา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . 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................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ลกษณะของรายงานทด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. . 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71

แบบรายการ แบบพมพ แบบฟอรม หมายถง ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ขอแนะน าในการกรอกแบบรายการ ควรระมดระวงในเรองตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การกรอกแบบรายการมความส าคญมากเพราะ.................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ประโยชนของแบบรายการ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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72

แบบฝกหด ใหผเรยนเขยนแผนภาพความคด เรอง การเขยน จากเนอหาวชาภาษาไทย ระดบมธยมศกษาตอนตน พรอมทงระบวาเปนแผนภาพความคดรปแบบใด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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73

ใหผเรยนเขยนเรยงความเรองทตนเองสนใจ จ านวน 1 เรอง โดยใชหลกการเขยนเรยงความดวย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................. ............................ ...................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... ................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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74

บทท 5 หลกการใชภาษา

การใชค าใหถกตองมหลกการดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . 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75

ค ามล คอ ................................................................................................................................ ............................................ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ค าประสม คอ ................................................... ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การน าค ามาประสมกน เพอใหเกดค าใหมขนเรยกวา “ค าประสม” นน มวธสรางค าตามแบบสรางอย 5 วธดวยกน คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ค าสมาส คอ ................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ค าสนธ คอ ................................................................................................................ ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ค าแผลง คอ .................................................................................................................................................... ................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 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76

ค าซอน คอ ................................................................................................................ ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... อกษรยอ คอ .............................................................................................................. ...................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. หลกเกณฑการเขยนและการอานอกษรยอ .............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ........................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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77

ประโยคความเดยว (เอกรรถประโยค) ประโยคชนดน คอ ……………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ ประโยคความรวม (อเนกรรถประโยค) คอ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยคซอนกน (สงกรประโยค) คอ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... ประโยคเนนผกระท า คอ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยคเนนผถกกระท าคอ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยคเนนกรยา คอ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยคค าสงและขอรอง คอ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... การประวสรรชนย มหลกดงน ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... ................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... . 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78

ค าเปน คอ ................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ ค าตาย คอ ...................................................................................... .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ไตรยางค หรอ อกษร 3 หม ไดแก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... การผนอกษร มหลกการดงน .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ เครองหมายทณฑฆาต ใชเขยนเหมอนพยญชนะทไมตองการออกเสยง ซงเราเรยกวา ตวการนต มหลกการดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 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79

ราชาศพท แปลตามศพท หมายถง…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ....

ศพทมใชส าหรบพระมหากษตรยและพระบรมศานวงศ

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80

ศพททใชส าหรบพระภกษสงฆ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ค าทใชส าหรบสภาพชน .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ...... 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81

ประเภทของถอยค าส านวน ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ถอยค าส านวน คอ ................................................................................................................. ............................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ค าพงเพย หมายถง ....................................................................... ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. อปมาอปไมย หมายถง ............................................................................................................. .......................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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82

ลกษณะค าประพนธกลอนหก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ลกษณะค าประพนธกลอนแปด ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ภาษาทางการ หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. .......................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ภาษาไมเปนทางการ หมายถง ........................................................................................................................................... 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83

แบบฝกหด

ใหผเรยนพจารณาประโยคตอไปนวาเปนประโยคชนดใด 1. วนนอากาศรอนมาก……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. ฉนดใจทเธอมความสข……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. พอซอนาฬกาเรอนใหมใหฉน…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. พชอบสเขยวแตนองสาวชอบสฟา……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. รายการราตรสโมสรใหความบนเทงแกผชม.................................................................................... .............................. ใหผเรยนศกษาและรวบรวมค าสภาพ และค าราชาศพททใชและพบเหนในชวตประจ าวน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ใหผเรยนจบคส านวนใหตรงกบความหมาย 1 เกยวโยงกนเปนทอดๆ ก. ผกชโรยหนา 2 หมดหนทางทจะหนได ข. จบปลาสองมอ 3 ท าดทสดเปนครงสดทาย ค. ขมนกบปน 4 รนหาเรองเดอดรอน ง. แกวงเทาหาเสยน 5 ท าดแตเพยงผวเผน ฉ. จนตรอก 6 ไมด าเนนการตอไป ช. หญาปากคอก 7 นงเฉยไมเดอดรอน ซ. ทงทวน 8 ท าอยางรวกๆ ใหพอเสรจ ฌ. แขวนนวม 9 รอะไรแลวพดไมได ญ. มวยลม 10 อยากไดสองอยางพรอมๆ กน ฎ. ลอยแพ 11 ถกไลออก ปลดออก ฏ. หอกขางแคร 12 เรองงายๆ ทคดไมถง ฐ. พระอฐพระปน

ฑ. สกเอาเผากน ฒ. งกนหาง ณ. น าทวมปาก

84

บทท 6 วรรณคด และวรรณกรรม

วรรณคด หมายถง …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. วรรณกรรม หมายถง .......................................................................................................... .............................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... หนงสอทเปนวรรณคดสามารถบงบอกลกษณะไดดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... วรรณกรรมแบงออกเปน 2 ประเภท ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การพนจ คอ ........................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หลกเกณฑกวางๆในการพนจวรรณคดและวรรณกรรม มดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... . 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85

การพนจวรรณคดมหลกการพนจกวางๆ 3 ดานคอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ........................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การใชโวหารภาพพจน คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. แตงบทประพนธตามรสบทประพนธไทยหรอรสวรรณคดไทยซงม 4 รส ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หลกการพจารณาวรรณคด ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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86

การพนจคณคาวรรณคดและวรรณกรรมม 4 ประเดนดงน .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. วรรณคดมรดก หมายถง …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. วรรณคดมคณคาแกผอานหลายประการ คอ ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... ................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ลกษณะเดนของวรรณคดไทย ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... ................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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87

จรยธรรมของสงคมใหมสวนกระตนจตใจของผอานใหเขามามสวนชวยเหลอในการจรรโลงโลกหรอพฒนาสงคมไทยรวมกน โดยพจารณาตามหวขอ ดงน ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ความหมายของเพลงพนบาน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ลกษณะของเพลงพนบาน ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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88

เพลงเดก จ าแนกยอยๆ ได 4 ประเภทดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. เพลงผใหญ แบง 6 ประเภท คอ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. เพลงกลอมเดก คอ ................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................... ........................................... ลกษณะของเพลงกลอมเดก ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ .............................................................. .................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... จดมงหมายของเพลงกลอมเดก ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................. .............................................................................

89

แบบฝกหด

ในทองถนของผเรยนมการละเลน พนบานอะไรบาง อธบายวธการเลน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ใหนกศกษาคนควาบทเพลงกลอมเดกทมอยในทองถนของตน บนทกไวพรอมทงแปลความหมายหรออธบายค าภาษาถนนนๆ บทเพลงกลอมเดก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 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บทท 7 ภาษาไทยกบชองทางการประกอบอาชพ

เมอกลาวถงคณคาของภาษาไทย จะพบวาภาษาไทยมคณคาในดานตางๆ ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. อาชพทใชทกษะการพดเปนชองทางในการประกอบอาชพ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ 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อาชพทใชทกษะการเขยนเปนชองทางในการประกอบอาชพ ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... 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................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ในการเพมพนองคความรในดานการเขยนและการพด ผประกอบอาชพดานน ควรศกษาเนอหาความรทจะน าไปใชในการพฒนาอาชพในเรองตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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ในภาษาไทย จะแบงระดบของภาษาเปน 5 ระดบ คอ ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ในการเพมพนความรเพอการเปนนกจดรายการวทยทด ผประกอบอาชพดานนควรศกษาเนอหาความรทจะน ามาใชในการพฒนาอาชพในเรองตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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ในการเพมพนองค ความรในการประกอบอาชพพธกร ควรศกษาเนอหาความรทจะน าไปใชในการพฒนาอาชพในเรองตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 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แบบฝกหด

1. ภาษาไทยเปนมรดกทางวฒนธรรมอยางไร ? ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 2. ภาษาไทยกอใหเกดความจรรโลงใจไดอยางไร ? ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 3. อาชพใดตองอาศยการพดเปนชองทางในการประกอบอาชพ ? ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................

4. อาชพใดตองอาศยการเขยนเปนชองทางการประกอบอาชพ ? ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 5. ความรและทกษะเรองใดบางทผประกอบอาชพพธกรตองเรยนรและฝกฝนเพมเตม ? ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 6. ภาษาไทยเปนมรดกทางวฒนธรรมอยางไร ? .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

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แบบทดสอบหลงเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. บคคลในขอใดขาดมารยาทในการฟงมากทสด

ก. คยกบเพอนขณะทฟงผ อนพด ข. ฟงไปทานอาหารไปขณะทผพดพด ค.ไปถงสถานทฟงหลกจากผพดเรมพดแลว ง. จดบนทกขณะทฟงโดยไมมองผพดเลย 2. องคประกอบของการพดทส าคญทสดคอขอใด ก. ผพด ข. เรองราวทพด ค. ผ ฟง ง. วธการพด 3. หวใจของการพดคออะไร ก. ค าน า ข. เนอหา ค. หวขอสรป ง. การขยายความ 4. ขอใดกลาวถงการพด “ขอบคณ” ไดถกตอง ก. การพด “ ขอบคณ” เปนมารยาทดของผพด ข. ผกลาวกลาวใหถกตองกบฐานะผ ฟง ค. บางครงผพดอาจกลาวทงค า “ขอบคณ” หรอ “ขอบใจ” แลวแตโอกาส ง. ถกทกขอ 5. ความมงหมายประการส าคญทสดของการอานคอขอใด ก. อานเพอความร ข. อานเพอสนองความสนใจ ค. อานเพอประโยชนการเขาสงคม ง. อานเพอประโยชนทางใดทางหนงดวยความจ าเปน 6. ผอานจะบรรลจดมงหมายในการอานไดจะตองมความรในดานใด ก. ดานภาษา ข. ดานค าศพท ค. ดานประโยค ง. ดานส านวนโวหาร 7. จนตนาวนหนง ๆ เธอท าอะไรบาง “ ขอความนอานอยางไรจงจะถกตอง” ก. จนตนาวนหนง จนตนาวนหนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ข. จนตนาวนหนง หนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ค. จนตนาวนหนง เธอท าอะไรบาง ง. จนตนา เธอท าอะไรบาง วนหนง วนหนง 8. ขอใดอานออกเสยงไดถกตอง ก. ภมประเทศ อาน พม- ประ- เทศ ข. ภมอากาศ อาน พม- อา – กาด ค. ภมภาค อาน พ - ม- พาก ง. ภมใจ อาน พ - ม- ใจ 9. จดหมายประเภทใดใชตราครฑ ก. จดหมายสวนตว ข. จดหมายกจธระ ค. จดหมายธรกจ ง. จดหมายราชการ 10. ค าขนตนจดหมายราชการ ค าวา “กราบเรยน” ใชกบใคร ก. รฐมนตร ข. องคมนตร ค. ผแทนราษฎร ง. ประธานศาลฎกา 11. รปแบบของจดหมายโดยทวไปจะมกสวน ก. 3 สวน ข. 6 สวน ค. 12 สวน ง. 14 สวน 12. วรรณกรรมทองถนหมายถงขอใด ก. ผลงานทางดานภาษาภายในทองถนทปรากฏออกมา ข. งานเขยนทมรปแบบตามอทธพลตะวนตก ค. หนงสอทมงหมายถงความสนกสนาน ง. ถกตองทง ข และ ค

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13. ขอใด ไมใช ประโยค ก. แมวลายของฉนจบหนเกงมาก ข. ปมา ปทะเล เธอชอบอยางไหนมากกวากน ค. เดนๆ วงๆ จดเปนการออกก าลงกายอยางหนง ง. นกตวเลกๆ บนกงไมใกลหนาตาง 14. วรรณกรรมแตกตางจากวรรณคดอยางไร ก. มความทนสมยมากกวา ข. มการสบทอดตอกนมาโดยอาศยความจ า ค. ไมมงเนนวาจะเปนงานเขยนทแตงดหรอไม ง. ถกทกขอ 15. ขอใดเปนความหมายของการใชวจารณญาณ ก. รบรสงตางๆ ข. การใชความคดในเรองตางๆ ค. การใชสตปญญาไตรตรองสงตางๆ ง. การพจารณาสงตางๆ ดวยความรอบคอบและมเหตผล 16. วรรณคดทไดรบการยกยองเปนยอดกลอนละครร าไดแกขอใด ก. อเหนา ข. สงขทอง ค. ระเดนลนได ง. หวใจนกรบ 17. “เหนหรมรมทรวงเสรา รมรมเราคอไฟฟอน” ค า “ไฟฟอน” มความหมายตรงกบขอใด ก. ไฟทรอนแรง ข. ไฟทไหมฟาง ค. ไฟทไหมในเชงตะกอน ง. ไฟทไหมจนเปนเถาถาน 18. ขอใดเปนการใชน าเสยงทถกตอง ก. เสยงดงฟงชด ข. รจกใชส านวนโวหารสภาษต ค. เปลงเสยงเปนธรรมชาตไมดดเสยง ง. ถกเฉพาะขอ ก และ ข 19. ค าประพนธตอไปนมลกษณะทนาจดจ าในแงใดมากทสด

“โอศรเสาวลกษณล า แลโลม โลกเลย แมวามกงโพยม ยนหลา แขนขวญนชชโฉม แมกเมฆไวแม กดบมกงฟา ฝากนองนางเดยว”

ก. ใหคณคาทางปญญา ข. ชวยเตมเตมในสงทขาดไป ค. แนวคดแปลกและกวางไกล ง. เปนแมแบบของโคลงสสภาพ

20. ขอใดเปนค าสภาษต ก. คนฉลาดเทานนจะมความสขไดเพราะความรก ข. รไวใชวาใสบาแบกหาม ค. สาวไสใหกากน ง. เอาอกเอาใจ

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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สาระความรพนฐาน รายวชาภาษาไทย พว21001

4 หนวยกต

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แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. สวนประกอบทส าคญทสดของเซลลสงมชวตคออะไร

ก. ผนงเซลล ข. นวเคลยส ค. เยอหมเซลล ง. ไซโทพลาซม 2. ขอใดเปนผลกระทบจากการบรโภคพช จเอมโอ ในปรมาณมาก ก. เกดจากการกลายพนธของยน ข. เกดภาวะเสยงของโรคตางๆ ค. เกดการเปลยนแปลงของระบบลมหายใจ ง. ยงไมมขอสรปทางวชาการทแนนอน 3. ธาตอาหารส าคญทพชทพชตองการเปนปรมาณมากคอขอใด ก. ไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรส ก ามะถน ข. เหลก ฟอสฟอรส โพแทสเซยม ค. ไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรส โพแทสเซยม ง. โพแทสเซยม แมกนเซยม แคลเซยม 4. การอยรวมกนของสงมชวตคใดทไมเปนอนตรายตอกน ก. กาฝากกบตนไม ข. กลวยไมกบตนไม ค. พยาธปากขอกบมนษย ง. ตนฝอยทองกบตนไมใหญ 5. การใชทรพยากรธรรมชาตอยางรวดเรว กอใหเกดผลเสยตอสขภาพและคณภาพชวตอยางไรบาง

ก. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางอากาศ และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ข. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางดน และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ค. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางน า และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ง. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางสงแวดลอม และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ

6. ลกษณะสารในขอใดไมใชสารเนอผสม ก. น านม ข. น าคลอง ค. น าโคลน ง. น าสมสายช 7. ขอใดไมใชรงสทธาตกมมนตรงสแผออกมา ก. รงสเบตา ข. รงสแกมมา ค. รงสแอลฟา ง. รงสเลเซอร 8. การท านาเกลอเปนการแยกสารโดยวธการใด ก. การระเหด ข. การตกผลก ค. การระเหย ง. โครมาโทกราพ 9. แขวนวตถไวดวยเชอกตดกบเพดาน แรงคกรยาของน าหนกวตถคอขอใด ก. แรงทเชอกดงวตถ ข. แรงทโลกดงวตถ ค. แรงทวตถดงเชอก ง. แรงทวตถดงดดโลก 10. ขอใดตอไปนไมไดน าความรเรองแรงเสยดทาน มาใชในการพฒนาเทคโนโลย

ก. ยางรถยนตกบถนน ข. จารบกบฟนเฟอง ค. ถงลมนรภยในรถยนต ง. กระดาษทรายกบไม 11. ปจจบนนยมใชอลมเนยมท าเปนภาชนะหงตม เพราะคณสมบตใดของอลมเนยม ก. ไมเกดสนม ข. เปนตวน าความรอนทด

ค. ทนไฟใชไดนาน ง. ชวยน าความรอนไดด

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12. วงจรอเลกทรอนกสในวทย โทรทศน ใชไฟฟาชนดใด ก. สถต ข. กระแสตรง ค. กระแสสลบ ง. กระแสตรงและกระแสสลบ 13. ขอใดเปนลกษณะของเลนสนน ก. ตอนกลางบางกวาขอบโดยรอบ ข. ตอนกลางหนากวาขอบโดยรอบ ค. หนาเทากนตลอดทกสวนของเลนส ง. บางชนดตอนกลางบางกวาขอบ 14. การเกดภเขาไฟระเบด มสาเหตเนองมาจากขอใด ก. แรงดนจากนอกโลก ข. แรงดนทผวโลก ค. แรงดนภายในโลก ง. ความกดดนอากาศภายในโลก 15. แรธาตทมคาและน ามาท าเครองประดบ คอแรใด ก. แรดบก ข. แรรตนชาต ค. แรพลวง ง. แรยปซม 16. วธการอนรกษดนในพนททมความลาดเอยงมาก ควรปลกพชในลกษณะใด ก. หมนเวยน ข. สลบเปนแนว ค. แบบขนบนใด ง. ตามแนวระดบ 17. ดาวเคาระหดวงใดทมดวงจนทรเปนบรวารมากทสด

ก. โลก ข. ดาวองคารค. ดาวพธ ง. ดาวพฤหสบด 18. ถาไมมชดอวกาศ มนษยอวกาศจะเปนอยางไรเมอขนไปในยานอวกาศ

ก. เสนโลหตแตก ข. หหนวก ค. ตาบอด ง. ผวหนงไหมเกรยม 19. การศกษาเกยวกบ สงมชวตเปนการศกษาคนควาทางวทยาศาสตรแบบใด ก. ชวภาพ ข. กายภาพ ค. การกฬา ง. เพอชวต 20. การบอกจดมงหมายของงานทจะท าเปนการเขยนเคาโครงของโครงงานวทยาศาสตรสวนใด

ก. สมมตฐาน ข. วตถประสงค ค. ผลทคาดวาจะไดรบ ง. ทมาและความเปนมา

101

ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

102

บทท 1 ทกษะทางวทยาศาสตรและกระบวนการทางวทยาศาสตร

ทกษะทางวทยาศาสตร ประกอบดวย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... คณลกษณะของบคคลทมจตวทยาศาสตร ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

103

แบบฝกหด

ภาพแสดงทรพยากรธรรมชาตทเคยมอยางสมบรณไดทาลายจนรอยหรอไปแลว ใหศกษาภาพและสรปผลการเกดความแตกตางกนของภาพสมดกจกรรม โดยใชทกษะ ทางวทยาศาสตรตามหวขอตอไปน 1. จากการสงเกตภาพเหนขอแตกตางในเรองใดบาง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 2. ตงสมมตฐานของสาเหตความแตกตางกนทางธรรมชาต จากภาพดงกลาวสามารถตงสมมตฐาน สาเหตความแตกตางอะไรบาง .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................... ........................................ .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................................... ....................................

104

กระบวนการทางวทยาศาสตร จงเปนแนวทางการดาเนนการโดยใชทกษะวทยาศาสตรใชในการจดการ ซงมลาดบขนตอน 5 ขนตอน ดงน (อธบายใหละเอยด) ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

105

ทกษะทางวทยาศาสตร ประกอบดวย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ทกษะกระบวนการทางวทยาศาสตรประกอบดวย 13 ทกษะ ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... ................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................... ........................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... .................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 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106

แบบฝกหด ใหนกศกษาออกแบบแกปญหาจากสถานการณตอไปน โดยมอปกรณ ดงน เมลดถว ถวยพลาสตก กระดาษทชช นา กระดาษสด า ก าหนดปญหา..................................................................................................................... .................................................. การตงสมมตฐาน................................................................. .................................................................. ............................... การก าหนดตวแปร ตวแปรตน.......................................................................................................... .................................................................. ตวแปรตาม........................................................................................................ ................................................................. ตวแปรควบคม............................................................................................ ........................................................................ การทดลอง............................................................................................................. ............................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 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107

เทคโนโลย(Technology) หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ........ ........................................................................................................ ..................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. เทคโนโลยในการประกอบอาชพ ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. 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108

ทคโนโลยชวภาพทางการเกษตร .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ...... ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. อปกรณทางวทยาศาสตร คอ .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประเภทของเครองมอทางวทยาศาสตร ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................. 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109

บทท 2 โครงงานวทยาศาสตร

ลกษณะและประเภทของโครงงานวทยาศาสตร จ าแนกไดเปน 4 ประเภท ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ขนตอนการทาโครงงานวทยาศาสตร ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........

110

การจดนทรรศการโครงงาน ควรค านงถงสงตาง ๆ ตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ในการแสดงผลงาน ถาผนาผลงานมาแสดงจะตองอธบายหรอรายงานปากเปลาหรอ ตอบคาถามตาง ๆ จากผชมหรอตอกรรมการตดสนโครงงาน การอธบายตอบคาถาม หรอรายงานปากเปลานน ควรไดค านงถงสงตาง ๆ ตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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111

ในการเขยนแบบโครงงานควรค านงถงสงตอไปน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

แบบฝกหด 1 ) ใหนกศกษาพจารณาชอโครงงานตอไปนแลวตอบวาเปนโครงงานประเภทใด โดยเขยนคาตอบลงในชองวาง 1. แปรงลบกระดานไรฝน โครงงาน..................................... 2. ยาขดรองเทาจากเปลอกมงคด โครงงาน.................................... 3. การศกษาบรเวณปาชายเลน โครงงาน.................................... 4. พฤตกรรมลองผดลองถกของนกพราบ โครงงาน..................................... 5. บานยคนวเคลยร โครงงาน..................................... 6. การศกษาคณภาพนาในแมนาเจาพระยา โครงงาน..................................... 7. เครองสงสญญาณกนขโมย โครงงาน..................................... 8. สาหรายสเขยวแกมนาเงนปรบสภาพนาเสยจากนากง โครงงาน...................... 9. ศกษาพฤตกรรมการเรยนรแบบมเงอนไขของหนขาว โครงงาน....................... 10. ศกษาวงจรชวตของตวดวง โครงงาน...................................

112

บทท 3 เซลล

เซลล (Cell) คอ ...................................................................................................................... ............................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. โครงสรางพนฐานของเซลลแบงออกไดเปน 3 สวนใหญๆ คอ ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ตารางเปรยบเทยบความแตกตางของเซลลพชและเซลลสตว เซลลพช เซลลสตว

113

นกชววทยาไดศกษาการลาเลยงสารเขาสเซลล พบวาม 2 รปแบบดวยกน คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

แบบฝกหด

1. เซลล คอ ................................................................................................................ ................. 2. ผนงเซลล มหนาท ............................................................................... ..................................... 3.สวนประกอบของเซลลททาหนาทควบคมปรมาณ และชนดของสารทผานเขาออกจากเซลล คอ……….......................................................................................................................... .............. 4. เซลลชนดใดเมอเจรญเตบโตเตมทจะไมมนวเคลยส ....................................................................... . 5. ผนงเซลลของพชประกอบไปดวยสารทเรยกวา .............................................................................. .. 6. สวนประกอบชนดใดบาง ทพบในเซลลพช แตไมพบในเซลลสตว ……………………… 7. เซลลสตวไมสามารถสรางอาหารเองได เพราะ …………………………………… 8. ภายในคลอโรพลาสตมสารสเขยว เรยกวา ………………………………… 9. สวนประกอบของเซลลมหนาทควบคมการเจรญเตบโต และการถายทอดลกษณะทางพนธกรรม คอ…..……………………………………………………………………………… 10. เพราะเหตใดเมอพชและสตวตายลง เซลลพชจงมลกษณะคงรปอยได แตเซลลสตวจะสลายไป ………………………………………………………………………………………

114

บทท 4 กระบวนการดารงชวตของพชและสตว

ระบบการล าเลยงน าอาหารและแรธาตของพช ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... เทรคด (tracheid) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. เวสเซล (vessel) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ไซเลมพาเรนไคมา (xylem parenchyma) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ไซเลมไฟเบอร (xylem fiber) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. โฟลเอมพาเรนไคมา (phloem parenchyma) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................

115

ระบบล าเลยงของพชมหลกการท างานอย 2 ประการ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. โครงสรางและการท างานของระบบล าเลยงน าในพช ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

116

โครงสรางและการท างานของระบบล าเลยงอาหารในพช ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... .............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ความส าคญของกระบวนการสงเคราะหดวยแสง คอ ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... ................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การสบพนธของพชไมมดอก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. .................................................................................................................

117

ดอกเดยว หมายถง ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ชอดอก หมายถง ............................................................................................................ .................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การสรางเซลลสบพนธของพชดอก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....... ........................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. การปฏสนธซอน หมายถง ............................................ ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. นกพฤกษศาสตรไดแบงผลตามลกษณะของดอกและการเกดผลออกเปน 3 ชนด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ...................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................................... ................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

118

ชนดของสตว โครงสรางทใชในการแลกเปลยนกาซ

119

การยอยอาหารในสตวทมกระดกสนหลง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... การยอยอาหารในสตวทไมมกระดกสนหลง ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. .................................................................................

120

ชนดของสตว โครงสรางหรออวยวะขบถาย

ประเภทของการสบพนธของสตว แบงออกเปน 2 ประเภท ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ชนดของการสบพนธแบบอาศยเพศของสตว ม 2 ชนด ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................... .....................................

121

บทท 5 ระบบนเวศ

ระบบนเวศ คอ ........................................................ ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ความแตกตางทส าคญระหวางชวนเวศแตละแหงม 2 อยาง คอ ......................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ระบบนเวศทงขนาดเลกและขนาดใหญมความแตกตางกน แตมความเหมอนกน คอ ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การศกษาสงมชวตท าได 2 วธ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ........ ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. องคประกอบทไมมชวต (Abiotic component) ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................

122

องคประกอบทมชวต (Biotic components) ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. หวงโซอาหาร (food chain) ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ผบรโภคล าดบสงสด (top consumer) หมายถง ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................ วฎจกรของน า (Water cycle) หรอ ชอในทางวทยาศาสตรวา “วฏจกรของอทกวทยา” (Hydrologic cycle) หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

123

การระเหยเปนไอ (Evaporation) ............................................................................................................................. ........... ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... หยาดนาฟา (Precipitation) ............................................................................................................................. ................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . การซม (Infiltration) ............................................................................................................ .............................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... นาทา (Runoff) หรอ นาไหลผานเปนการไหลของนาบนผวดนไปสมหาสมทร ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................ .................................................................................................................. ปจจยทท าใหเกดการหมนเวยนของน า ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

124

วฏจกรของคารบอน (Carbon Cycle) ............................................................................................................................. ... .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ........................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. ............................ ...................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

125

แบบฝกหดทายบทท 5 คาชแจง ใหเลอกคาตอบทถกตองทสดเพยงขอเดยว แลวทาเครองหมายทบ ตวอกษร ก, ข, ค หรอ ง ใหตรงกบขอททานเลอกตอบ 1. ระบบนเวศหมายถงอะไร

ก. ความสมพนธของสงมชวตตางๆ กบสงแวดลอมของสงมชวตและมการถายทอดไปตามลาดบ ข. การกนกนเปนทอดๆ เรมตงแตผผลต ผบรโภคพช ผบรโภคสตวตามลาดบ ค. ลกษณะการกนกนซบซอนประกอบดวยหวงโซอาหารมากมาย ง. พลงงานจากแสงอาทตย

2. โครงสรางของระบบนเวศ มกหนวย ก. 2 หนวย คอ สงไมมชวต ผยอยสลาย ข. 2 หนวย คอ สงไมมชวต สงมชวต ค. 3 หนวย คอ สงไมมชวต สงมชวต และผบรโภค ง. 3 หนวย คอ สงไมมชวต ผผลต และผบรโภค

3. สงมชวตกลมใดทสามารถเปลยนอนนทรยสารเปนอนทรยสารได ก. พชสเขยว ข. สตวกนพช ค. สตวกนเนอ ง. ผยอยสลาย

4. ขอใดจดเปนหวงโซอาหาร ก. เหยยว--- พช--- ผเสอ--- นก ข. เหยยว--- นก--- ผเสอ--- พช ค. นก--- เหยยว--- นก--- ผเสอ ง. ผเสอ--- พช--- นก--- เหยยว

5. กลวยไมทอาศยเกาะบนตนไมใหญ จดเปนความสมพนธแบบใด ก. ภาวะการอยรวมกน ข. ภาวะลาเหยอ ค. ภาวะปรสต ง. ภาวะพงพา

126

6. หมดกดสนข และ ยงกดคน จดเปนความสมพนธแบบใด ก. ภาวะอยรวมกน ข. ภาวะลาเหยอ ค. ภาวะปรสต ง. ภาวะพงพา

7. การตดตนไม ทาลายปาจะทาใหเกดผลกระทบใดตามมา ก. นาปาไหลหลาก สงมชวตตาย ข. แผนดนไหว ภเขาไฟระเบด ค. เกดสนาม สงมชวตตาย ง. ภาวะเรอนกระจก

8. การจดลาดบชนของชวภาพขอใดเรยงจากสงสดไปหาตาสดไดถกตอง ก. ชวนเวศ – ระบบนเวศ – ชมชน – ประชากร ข. ชวนเวศ – ประชากร– ชมชน – ระบบนเวศ ค. ระบบนเวศ – ชวนเวศ – ชมชน – ประชากร ง. ระบบนเวศ – ชวนเวศ – ประชากร – ชมชน

9. ขอใดกลาวถกตอง ก. คารโบไฮเดรต เปนอนทรยสารทเปนองคประกอบทมชวต ข. คารโบไฮเดรต เปนอนนทรยสารทเปนองคประกอบทมชวต ค. คารบอนไดออกไซด เปนอนทรยสารทเปนองคประกอบทไมมชวต ง. คารบอนไดออกไซด เปนอนนทรยสารทเปนองคประกอบทไมมชวต

10. ขอใดกลาวถกตองทสด ก. การหายใจระดบเซลล คอการทาใหโมเลกลของอนทรยสารแตกตว ข. การหายใจระดบเซลล คอการทาใหโมเลกลของอนนทรยสารแตกตว ค. การหายใจระดบเซลล คอการทาใหโมเลกลของอนทรยสารแตกตวและได CO2 ง. การหายใจระดบเซลล คอการทาใหโมเลกลของอนทรยสารแตกตว H2O

127

บทท 6 โลก บรรยากาศ ปรากฏการณทางธรรมชาตสงแวดลอมและทรพยากรธรรมชาต

ก าเนดโลก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การโคจรของโลก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .

128

สวนประกอบของโลก ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ......................................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. บรรยากาศ คอ .............................................................................................................. ................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ชนของบรรญากาศ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................... . .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... . ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ความส าคญของบรรยากาศ ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

129

กาซทเกยวกบชนบรรยากาศทส าคญมอย 2 กาซคอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................ .............................................................. .................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... อณหภมคอ ............................................................ ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สมบตของอากาศ ................................................................................................................................ ............................................................. . .................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

130

การบอกคาความชนของอากาศ สามารถบอกได 2 วธ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ปรากฏการณธรรมชาต คอ ........................................................................ ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ปฏกรยาเรอนกระจก เกดจาก ........................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. พายหมนเขตรอนในประเทศไทย ................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... การเกดฟาแลบ ................................................................................................ ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... การเกดฟารอง ............................................................................................................. ....................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................ ..................................................................................................................

131

การเกดฟาผา .............................................................................................................. ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... ทรพยากรธรรมชาต แบงตามลกษณะทน ามาใชไดเปน 2 ประเภทใหญ ๆ คอ ...................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สงแวดลอมของมนษยทอยรอบ ๆ ตว ทงสงทมชวตและไมมชวต ซงเกดจาก การกระท าของมนษยแบงออกเปน 2 ประเภท คอ ........................................................................ ..................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................ .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การอนรกษทรพยากรธรรมชาตและสงแวดลอมสามารถกระท าไดหลายวธ ทงทางตรงและทางออม ดงน .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

132

แบบฝกหดทายบทท 6 จงเลอกคา ตอบทถกตองทสดเพยง 1 ขอ โดยทา เครองหมาย X กบขอทเลอก 1. โครงสรางของโลกแบงเปนกชน ก. 2 ชน ข. 3 ชน ค. 4 ชน ง. 5 ชน 2. สวนใดทอยชนนอกสดของโลก ก. เปลอกโลก ข. แกนโลก ค. แมนเทล ง. ขวโลก 3. ปรากฏการณทแผนเปลอกโลกเกดการสนสะเทอน เนองมาจากการเลอนตวของแผนเปลอกโลก คอปรากฏการณใด ก. ปฏกรยาเรอนกระจก ข. ภเขาไฟระเบด ค. แผนดนไหว ง. ดนถลม 4. สาเหตส าคญททา ใหเกดสภาพมลพษทางอากาศในกรงเทพมหานครคออะไร ก. การจราจรทตดขดมาก ข. โรงงานอตสาหกรรมตางๆ ค. อาคารบานเรอน และตกสงๆ ง. การใชโฟมและถงพลาสตกใสอาหาร 5. เครองมอทใชวดความกดอากาศคอ เครองมออะไร ก. เทอรมอมเตอร ข. ไฮโกรมเตอร ค. บารอมเตอร ง. ศรลม 6. เครองมอทใชตรวจสอบความเรวของกระแสลม คอเครองมออะไร ก. บารอมเตอร ข. ไฮโกรมเตอร ค. เทอรโมมเตอร ง. แอนนมอมเตอร

133

7. เหตการณใดทาใหเกดปรากฏการณฟารอง ฟาแลบ และฟาผา ก. ฝนตก ข. น าทวม ค. แผนดนไหว ง. ปรากฏการณเรอนกระจก 8. ปรากฏการณใดทจ าเปนตอการดารงชวตของมนษยมาก ก. ฝน ข. ฟาผา ค. ฟารอง ง. ฟาแลบ 9. เราจะชวยรกษาสภาพแวดลอมทางธรรมชาตไดอยางไร ก. ไมฆาสตวในวนพระ ข. ไมใชน าในแมน าลาคลอง ค. ไมเลยงสตวในบรเวณบาน ง. ไมทงขยะลงในแมน าลาคลอง 10. ขอใดหมายถงกระบวนการรไซเคล ก. วสดใชแลว -- > ขาย ข. วสดใชแลว -- > เผาทาลาย ค. วสดใชแลว -- > ทาความสะอาด -- > ใชใหม ง. วสดใชแลว -- > กระบวนการผลต -- > วสดใหม

134

บทท 7 สารและการจ าแนกสาร

สมบตของสาร หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สารแตละชนดมสมบตเฉพาะตวทแตกตางกน แบงเปน 2 ประเภทคอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ใชสถานะเปนเกณฑ จะแบงสารออกไดเปน 3 กลม คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................ .................................................. ................................................................................ .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... . ธาต (Element) หมายถง ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สารประกอบ (compound) หมายถง …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สารละลาย (solution) หมายถง ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สารผสม หมายถง………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... .........................................................................

135

บทท 8 ธาตและสารประกอบ

ความหมายและสมบตของธาต กมมนตรงส ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สมบตของโลหะ อโลหะ และกงโลหะ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ .

136

ธาตกมมนตรงส.................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สารประกอบ .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ...................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ...... ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .

137

บทท 9 สารละลาย

สมบตของสารละลาย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. องคประกอบของสารละลาย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ .

138

กรด (Acid) คอ ............................................................................................................................. ....................................... .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. คณสมบตของกรด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................ .................................................................................. ........................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. เบส Base คอ ........................................................................................................................ .......................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ . คณสมบตของเบส ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

139

บทท 10 สารและผลตภณฑในชวต

สาร หมายถง ............................................................................................................... ...................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ผลตภณฑ (Product) หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ............. .................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... สารอาหาร หรอโภชนสาร หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ....... .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การแบงประเภทของสารอาหาร แบงไดดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สารปรงแตงอาหาร หมายถง .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... สารพษ หมายถง .................................................................... ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

140

จลนทรยททาใหเกดพษเนองจากตวของมนเอง มอย 5 พวก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ .................................................. ................................................................................ .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . พษทเกดจากสารเคม ซงปะปนมากบอาหาร ไดแก ..................................................................................................... ........ ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สารสงเคราะห คอ ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . จงบอกสารและผลตภณฑทใชในชวตประจ าวน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

141

สงทควรปฏบตเพอใหบานของคณปลอดภยจากสารเคม ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ท าอยางไรใหปลอดภยขณะใชสารเคม ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... ......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................... .....................

142

แนวทางการปองกนแกไขปญหามลพษทางน า ....................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... 1. สภาวะทเสยงดงเกนไป ซงคนเราไมประสงคทจะไดยน และกอใหเกดความร าคาญ หรอเปนอนตรายตอมนษย เรยกวา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 2. ระดบเสยงทเปนอนตรายตอการไดยนของมนษยจะอยในระดบ…………………………………………………………………………….. 3. เสยงรบกวนในชมชนสวนมากเกดจาก............................................................................................................................. 4. สาเหตตามธรรมชาตทท าใหเกดมลพษทางเสยง ไดแก................................................................................................... 5. ผลกระทบของมลพษทางเสยงทมตอสขภาพอนามย เชน................................................................................................. 6. แนวทางปองกนแกไขมลพษทางเสยงทส าคญไดแก........................................................................................................ 7. ขยะมลฝอยและสงปฏกล เปนปญหาสงแวดลอมทมกเกดขนในเขต............................................................................... 8. ปญหาตางๆทเกดจากปญหาขยะมลฝอยและสงปฏกล ไดแก......................................................................................... 9. มลพษทางอากาศ หมายถง ......................................................................................... ................................................. 10. สงทเปนมลพษทปลอยออกจากทอไอเสยรถยนต ไดแก......................................................................................... 11. ผลกระทบของมลพษทางอากาศชนดเฉยบพลนทมตอมนษย คอ................................................................................ 4. ตวอยางผลกระทบตอพชจากมลพษทางอากาศ เชน ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. กาซส าคญททาใหเกดปรากฏการณฝนกรด คอ............................................................................................................. 6. เมอกาซจากขอ 5 ถกแสงแดดจะรวมตวกบออกซเจนในอากาศเกดปฏกรยาเคมกลายเปนสาร……………………………….. 7. คาถาม ผลกระทบของฝนกรดทมตอสงมชวต คอ......................................................................................................... 8. คาถาม กาซทส าคญททาหนาทหอหมโลก ซงเปรยบเหมอนกบกระจกของเรอนกระจก ไดแก ถากาซเหลานมปรมาณเพมมากขนในบรรยากาศผล......................................................................................... .....................................................

143

บทท 11 แรงและการใชประโยชน

แรง (Force) คอ ......................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . แรงในธรรมชาตมหลายชนด เชน แรงกล แรงผลก แรงโนมถวง แตในทางฟสกสแบงประเภทของแรงออกเปน 4 ชนด ดงน ................................................................................................................................................... ........................................... ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... แรงเสยดทานม 2 ประเภท คอ .................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... . ประโยชนของแรงเสยดทาน .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

144

โมเมนต (Moment) หมายถง .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ทศทางของโมเมนต ม 2 ทศทาง คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ...... ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . คานจ าแนกได 3 ประเภท ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ................... ............................................................................................................... .............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . หลกการและขนตอนการค านวณเรองคานและโมเมนต ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .

145

การใชโมเมนตในชวตประจ าวน ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................. .

แบบฝกหด

คานอนหนงเบามากมนาหนก 300 นวตนแขวนทปลายคานขางหนง และอยหางจดหมน 1 เมตร จงหาวาจะตองแขวนนาหนก 150 นวตน ทางดานตรงกนขามทใดคานจงจะสมดล วธท า ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ .

146

บทท 12 งานและพลงงาน

งาน หมายถง ....................................................................................................... ............................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . พลงงาน หมายถง .............................................................................................................................................. ............... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . รปแบบของพลงงานจดเปน 2 กลม คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . พลงงานศกยยดหยน คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . พลงงานทดแทน หมายถง ......................................................................................... .......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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147

กระแสไฟฟาสามารถแบงออกไดเปน 2 ชนด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การตอความตานทาน หมายถง............................................................................................................................. ................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . การตอความตานทานแบบอนกรม หมายถง ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การตอความตานทานแบบขนาน หมายถง ....................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................... ......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... . การวดตวตานทาน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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148

ไฟฟาในชวตประจ าวนทควรรจก ............................................................................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ..................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ......................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... 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149

วธปองกนไฟฟารวไว 2 วธ คอ .............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ความหมายของการอนรกษพลงงาน คอ ............................................................................................................................. . ................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . พระราชบญญตการสงเสรมการอนรกษพลงงาน พ.ศ.2535 ไดก าหนดใหผทเจาของอาคารควบคมและโรงงานควบคม มหนาทดาเนนการอนรกษพลงงานในเรองดงตอไปน .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. 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150

การมองเหนวตถใดๆ ตองมแสงจากวตถมาเขาตา ซงแบงไดเปน 2 กรณคอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................... . วตถตามปรมาณแสงและลกษณะทแสงผานวตถได 3 ประเภทดงน ................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... คณสมบตของแสง ............................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การสะทอนแสง หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. ....................... .......................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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151

กระจกเงาราบ คอ ............................................................................................................................. .................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . กระจกเงาผวโคงทรงกลม มอย 2 ชนด คอ ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................... ..................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ประโยชนของแสง ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. โทษของแสง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ......................................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ..... 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152

แบบฝกหด การทดลองเรอง ตากบการมองเหน จดประสงคการทดลอง เมอจบการทดลองนแลว ผเรยนสามารถ 1. บอกสวนประกอบของตาทเกยวของกบการมองเหนได 2. ระบหนาทของสวนประกอบของตาทเกยวของกบการมองเหนได 3. สรปจากการทดลองไดวา การมองดวยตา 2 ขาง ทาใหกะระยะไดดกวาการมองดวยตาขางเดยว 4. บอกความส าคญ และวธระวงรกษาตาได แนวความคดหลก 1. สวนประกอบทส าคญของตาทเกยวกบการมองเหนไดแก กระจกตา มานตา รมานตา เรตนา 2. ดวงตามความส าคญตอการมองเหน จงตองระวงรกษา อปกรณการทดลอง 1. ภาพประกอบเรอง สวนประกอบของตา 2. ดนสอ 2 แทง ขนตอนการทดลอง 1. จบคเพอสงเกตนยนตาของเพอน 2. จากนนเปรยบเทยบกบภาพสวนประกอบของนยนตา 3. ครงท 1 ใหผเรยนปดตาซาย แลวพยายามเคลอนดนสอ 2 แทง ทอยหางกนประมาณ 10 เซนตเมตร มาชนกน โดยพยายามใหปลายดนสอชนกนบนทกผล

4. ครงท 2 ปดตาขวา และท าซ าเชนเดยวกบขอท 3 บนทกผล 5. และครงท 3 เปดตาทงสองขาง และทดลองซ าเชนเดยวกบขอ 3 และขอ 4 สงเกตและบนทกผล การทดลอง เรองตากบการมองเหน

153

ผลการทดลอง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . สรปผลการทดลอง ........................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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154

บทท 13 ดวงดาวกบชวต

ดาวฤกษ (Star) หมายถง ............................................................................................................................................. ....... ........................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . สรปความสมพนธระหวางโลก และดวงอาทตย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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155

การใชประโยชนจากกลมดาวฤกษ ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................. 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156

บทท 14 อาชพชางไฟฟา

ประเภทของไฟฟา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . วสดอปกรณเครองมอชางไฟฟา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ................ .................................................................................................................. ............................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................................. ............ ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... ....... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........ .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

157

วสดอปกรณเครองมอชางไฟฟา .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. ............................ ...................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ วสดอปกรณทใชในวงจรไฟฟาการตอวงจรไฟฟาอยางงาย ................................................................................................................................................................................. ............. ..................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ......... ......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... ..... การเดนสายไฟฟาอยางงาย .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................................... .......................... ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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158

โครงงานวทยาศาสตรสอาชพ ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... 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159

แบบทดสอบหลงเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. สวนประกอบทส าคญทสดของเซลลสงมชวตคออะไร

ก. ผนงเซลล ข. นวเคลยส ค. เยอหมเซลล ง. ไซโทพลาซม 2. ขอใดเปนผลกระทบจากการบรโภคพช จเอมโอ ในปรมาณมาก ก. เกดจากการกลายพนธของยน ข. เกดภาวะเสยงของโรคตางๆ ค. เกดการเปลยนแปลงของระบบลมหายใจ ง. ยงไมมขอสรปทางวชาการทแนนอน 3. ธาตอาหารส าคญทพชทพชตองการเปนปรมาณมากคอขอใด ก. ไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรส ก ามะถน ข. เหลก ฟอสฟอรส โพแทสเซยม ค. ไนโตรเจน ฟอสฟอรส โพแทสเซยม ง. โพแทสเซยม แมกนเซยม แคลเซยม 4. การอยรวมกนของสงมชวตคใดทไมเปนอนตรายตอกน ก. กาฝากกบตนไม ข. กลวยไมกบตนไม ค. พยาธปากขอกบมนษย ง. ตนฝอยทองกบตนไมใหญ 5. การใชทรพยากรธรรมชาตอยางรวดเรว กอใหเกดผลเสยตอสขภาพและคณภาพชวตอยางไรบาง

ก. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางอากาศ และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ข. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางดน และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ค. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางน า และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ ง. ท าใหเกดมลพษทางสงแวดลอม และขาดสมดลในระบบนเวศ

6. ลกษณะสารในขอใดไมใชสารเนอผสม ก. น านม ข. น าคลอง ค. น าโคลน ง. น าสมสายช 7. ขอใดไมใชรงสทธาตกมมนตรงสแผออกมา ก. รงสเบตา ข. รงสแกมมา ค. รงสแอลฟา ง. รงสเลเซอร 8. การท านาเกลอเปนการแยกสารโดยวธการใด ก. การระเหด ข. การตกผลก ค. การระเหย ง. โครมาโทกราพ 9. แขวนวตถไวดวยเชอกตดกบเพดาน แรงคกรยาของน าหนกวตถคอขอใด ก. แรงทเชอกดงวตถ ข. แรงทโลกดงวตถ ค. แรงทวตถดงเชอก ง. แรงทวตถดงดดโลก 10. ขอใดตอไปนไมไดน าความรเรองแรงเสยดทาน มาใชในการพฒนาเทคโนโลย

ก. ยางรถยนตกบถนน ข. จารบกบฟนเฟอง ค. ถงลมนรภยในรถยนต ง. กระดาษทรายกบไม 11. ปจจบนนยมใชอลมเนยมท าเปนภาชนะหงตม เพราะคณสมบตใดของอลมเนยม ก. ไมเกดสนม ข. เปนตวน าความรอนทด

ค. ทนไฟใชไดนาน ง. ชวยน าความรอนไดด

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12. วงจรอเลกทรอนกสในวทย โทรทศน ใชไฟฟาชนดใด ก. สถต ข. กระแสตรง ค. กระแสสลบ ง. กระแสตรงและกระแสสลบ 13. ขอใดเปนลกษณะของเลนสนน ก. ตอนกลางบางกวาขอบโดยรอบ ข. ตอนกลางหนากวาขอบโดยรอบ ค. หนาเทากนตลอดทกสวนของเลนส ง. บางชนดตอนกลางบางกวาขอบ 14. การเกดภเขาไฟระเบด มสาเหตเนองมาจากขอใด ก. แรงดนจากนอกโลก ข. แรงดนทผวโลก ค. แรงดนภายในโลก ง. ความกดดนอากาศภายในโลก 15. แรธาตทมคาและน ามาท าเครองประดบ คอแรใด ก. แรดบก ข. แรรตนชาต ค. แรพลวง ง. แรยปซม 16. วธการอนรกษดนในพนททมความลาดเอยงมาก ควรปลกพชในลกษณะใด ก. หมนเวยน ข. สลบเปนแนว ค. แบบขนบนใด ง. ตามแนวระดบ 17. ดาวเคาระหดวงใดทมดวงจนทรเปนบรวารมากทสด

ก. โลก ข. ดาวองคารค. ดาวพธ ง. ดาวพฤหสบด 18. ถาไมมชดอวกาศ มนษยอวกาศจะเปนอยางไรเมอขนไปในยานอวกาศ

ก. เสนโลหตแตก ข. หหนวก ค. ตาบอด ง. ผวหนงไหมเกรยม 19. การศกษาเกยวกบ สงมชวตเปนการศกษาคนควาทางวทยาศาสตรแบบใด ก. ชวภาพ ข. กายภาพ ค. การกฬา ง. เพอชวต 20. การบอกจดมงหมายของงานทจะท าเปนการเขยนเคาโครงของโครงงานวทยาศาสตรสวนใด

ก. สมมตฐาน ข. วตถประสงค ค. ผลทคาดวาจะไดรบ ง. ทมาและความเปนมา

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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สาระทกษะการด าเนนชวต รายวชาชองทางการพฒนาอาชพ อช21001

2 หนวยกต

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แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ประชาธปไตยในครอบครวควรเปนอยางไร ก. เคารพความคดของตนเอง ข. รบผลประโยชนตาง ๆ ค. แสวงหาเสรภาพเตมท ง. มเมตตาธรรม 2. การจดตกแตงบานควรค านงถงเรองใดมากทสด ก. ความสะอาด ข. ความสวยงาม ค. ประโยชนใชสอย ง. ความอบอน 3. เพราะเหตใดเมอสวมใสเสอผาทผลตจากใยธรรมชาตแลวจงรสกเยนสบาย

ก. เนอผานม ข. ดดซมน าไดด ค. อากาศผานไดโดยสะดวก ง. ทนความรอนไดด 4. การเลอกใชผาและเครองแตงกายควรค านงถงเรองใดมากทสด

ก. ชนด และคณภาพ ข. ส ค. วย ง. ประโยชนใชสอย แลการใชสอย 5. พชผกสวนครว ผกชนดใดทกนฝกกนผล

ก. กะหล าปล , มะเขอ ข. ดอกแค , ผกกาดขาว ค. ถวฟกยาว , ผกกาดหว ง. ถวพ , พรก

6. การถนอมอาหารมจดประสงคส าคญตามขอใด ก. เพอเกบไวรบประทานไดนาน ข. เพอใหอาหารมรสดขน ค. เพอใหอาหารรบประทานมากขน ง. เพอใหอาหารมประโยชนตอรางกาย

7. ขอใดส าคญทสดในการเลอกอาชพ ก. แนวโนมดานอาชพ ข. ทกษะของผประกอบอาชพ ค. ทรพยากรในทองถน ง. ความถนด และความสนใจของตน

8. ขอใดคอประโยชนจากการดดแปลงวสดทมในทองถนน ามาสรางชนงาน ก. รายไดจากการขายสนคา ข. การใชทรพยากรอยางคมคา ค. รปแบบแปลกตาไมเหมอนใคร ง. ไดชนงานใหมทเปนนวตกรรม

9. ถาจะผลตสนคาออกสตลาด ตองค านงถงสงใดกอน ก. ขอมลทางการตลาด ข. ผขาย ค. เงนทน ง. วตถดบ

10. การวางแผนตามระยะเวลา แบงออกเปนกประเภท ก. 2 ข. 3 ค. 4 ง. 5

11. การขายแตกตางจากการตลาดอยางไร ก. เนนความตองการของผบรโภค ข. เนนทความส าคญของผลตภณฑ ค. ธรกจจะมงเนนทก าไร ง. ธรกจจะคนหาวธการสรางความพงพอใจตอผบรโภค

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12. การขนสงทางธรกจมกทาง ก. 1 ข. 2 ค. 3 ง. 4

13. การจดตงรานแบบใดเปนการสงเสรมการขาย ก. วางสนคาหลงแคชเชยร ข. วางสนคาพอดกบสายตา ค. วางสนคาดานบนของชนวางของ ง. วางสนคาดานลางของชนวางของ

14. ขอใดน าเทคโนโลยมาใชในการประกอบอาชพเหมาะสมทสด ก. การเลยงปลาในกระชง ข. การปลกผกในแปลงเกษตรดงเดม ค. การท าบญชรายรบ-รายจาย ง. การควบคมการผลตและการจ าหนายชนสวนรถยนตในโรงงาน

15. กระบวนการผลตหมายถง ก. การใหบรการตามความตองการของนายทน ข. การใหบรการตามความตองการของผบรโภค ค. การใหบรการตามความตองการของตนเอง ง. การใหบรการตามความตองการของนายจาง

16. การออกแบบผลตภณฑ หมายถงขอใด ก. การจนตนาการ ข. การสรางเครองหมายทางการคา ค. การสรางสรรคชนงาน ง. การผลตสนคาไดหลากหลาย

17. ถาเราตองการทจะเปนผผลตเทคโนโลยควรจะปฏบตอยางไร ก. ศกษาขอมลตางๆ จากตางประเทศ ข. เปนคนทคดเปนแลวลงมอปฏบต ค. ยดแบบอยางเทคโนโลยจากตางประเทศ ง. น าเขาเทคโนโลยจากตางประเทศกอนผผลตคนอน

18. ในการศกษาคนควาหาขอมลในการท าโครงงานวธใดทรวดเรวทสด ก. หองสมด ข. ต าราเรยน ค. อนเทอรเนต ง. ภมปญญาทองถน

19. ปจจยใดทควรค านงในการตดสนใจเลอกกลยทธตลาดเปาหมาย ก. กลมลกคา ข. แผนการตลาด ค. ความเหมอนกนของผลตภณฑ ง. สภาวะแวดลอมการตลาด

20. ขอใดคอการใชแรงงานทถกตอง ก. แรงงานคน , แรงงานหนมสาว ข. แรงงานเครองจกรกลการเกษตร , แรงงานเดก ค. แรงงานวยรน ง. แรงงาน , แรงงานสตว

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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บทท 1 การงานอาชพ

ความส าคญในการพฒนาอาชพ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. 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................................................................................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ลกษณะของครอบครว มดงน ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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ความส าคญของครอบครว ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การสรางความสมพนธในครอบครว ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... 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หลกการเลอกบรโภคอาหารใหถกหลกอนามย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การแบงประเภทของพชผกสวนครว ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................ ...................... ............................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . หลกการปลกผกสวนครวปลอดสารเคม ............................................................................................................................................................. ................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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วธใชปยหมกชวภาพกบผกสวนครว ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ลกษณะพนธสตว ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... . โรคสตว ม 2 สาเหตใหญ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................... ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ตลาดการคาสตว แบงออกเปน 2 ระบบ ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................. .... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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ประดษฐ แปลวา .............................................................................................................................................. ................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ประโยชนของงานประดษฐ มดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ธรกจ คอ ........................................................................................................................... .................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... จดมงหมายของธรกจ คอ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....... ประเภทของธรกจทเกยวของในชวตประจ าวน ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................... ................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ประโยชนของการจดท างบประมาณ 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กลมอาชพใหม 5 กลมอาชพ คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ความส าคญของการวางแผน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................... .......... ........................................................................................................................ ..................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ..... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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แบงการวางแผนตามระยะเวลา แบงได 3 ประเภท ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ลกษณะของแผนทด ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................. ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ .............. .................................................................................................................... ......................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ........................................................ ......... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ตลาดแรงงานประเทศไทยไดแยกประเภทของแรงงาน ดงน .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... 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ความส าคญของการขาย ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... คณธรรมจรยธรรมในการประกอบอาชพ ...................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. สงแวดลอมหมายถง ............................................................................................................................. .............................. .................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การแบงประเภทของทรพยากรธรรมชาต มการแบงกนหลายลกษณะแตในทนจะขอแบงทรพยากรธรรมชาต โดยใชเกณฑของการน ามาใชโดยแบงออกเปน 4 ประเภท ดงน .................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... . ........................................................................ ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 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บทท 2 ชองทางการพฒนาอาชพ

การวางแผนจงมความส าคญตอการประกอบอาชพ ดงนคอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . การลงทน หมายถง ............................................................................................................................. .............................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ความส าคญของการตลาด ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ .............................................. .................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . หนาทของการตลาดทมผผลตและผบรโภคกเพอชวยเหลอ และอ านวยความสะดวกใหกบผผลตและผบรโภค สรปได ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. ............................ ...................................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................................................... .................... .............................................................................................................. ............................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ .

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การสรางคณลกษณะทโดดเดนของสนคาหรอบรการ ไดแก ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ประโยชนของการบรรจหบหอมดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................. ................................................................................................ .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. .................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ปจจยของผลกระทบสงแวดลอมและขอบเขตของการพจารณา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ประโยชนทไดรบจากการก าหนดวชาการพฒนาอาชพ ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. 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บทท 3 การตดสนใจเลอกพฒนาอาชพ

ขอมลการตดสนใจเลอกพฒนาอาชพ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 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ขอมลการตดสนใจเลอกพฒนาอาชพ ................................................................................................................................................................. ............................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 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............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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แบบฝกหด จากการทผเรยนศกษาศกยภาพ 5 ดานเพอการพฒนาอาชพ มาแลว ใหวเคราะหศกยภาพในอาชพทตดสนใจจะพฒนาอาชพทสนใจ จะพฒนาอาชพไดอยางไรใหสอดคลองกบศกยภาพทง 5 ดาน เพอใหการพฒนาอาชพนนมความเปนไปไดลงในแบบบนทก

แบบบนทก ตองการพฒนาอาชพ.............................................................................................................................. .............................

ท ศกยภาพ 5 ดาน ในการพฒนาอาชพ

ทตองการ / สอดคลองกบอาชพ ม ไมม หมายเหต พอ ไมพอ

1 ทรพยากรธรรมชาต

2 ภมอากาศ

3 ภมประเทศและท าเลทตง

4 ศลปะ วฒนธรรม ประเพณ และวถชวต

5 ทรพยากรมนษย

179

แบบทดสอบหลงเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ประชาธปไตยในครอบครวควรเปนอยางไร ก. เคารพความคดของตนเอง ข. รบผลประโยชนตาง ๆ ค. แสวงหาเสรภาพเตมท ง. มเมตตาธรรม 2. การจดตกแตงบานควรค านงถงเรองใดมากทสด ก. ความสะอาด ข. ความสวยงาม ค. ประโยชนใชสอย ง. ความอบอน 3. เพราะเหตใดเมอสวมใสเสอผาทผลตจากใยธรรมชาตแลวจงรสกเยนสบาย

ก. เนอผานม ข. ดดซมน าไดด ค. อากาศผานไดโดยสะดวก ง. ทนความรอนไดด 4. การเลอกใชผาและเครองแตงกายควรค านงถงเรองใดมากทสด

ก. ชนด และคณภาพ ข. ส ค. วย ง. ประโยชนใชสอย แลการใชสอย 5. พชผกสวนครว ผกชนดใดทกนฝกกนผล

ก. กะหล าปล , มะเขอ ข. ดอกแค , ผกกาดขาว ค. ถวฟกยาว , ผกกาดหว ง. ถวพ , พรก

6. การถนอมอาหารมจดประสงคส าคญตามขอใด ก. เพอเกบไวรบประทานไดนาน ข. เพอใหอาหารมรสดขน ค. เพอใหอาหารรบประทานมากขน ง. เพอใหอาหารมประโยชนตอรางกาย

7. ขอใดส าคญทสดในการเลอกอาชพ ก. แนวโนมดานอาชพ ข. ทกษะของผประกอบอาชพ ค. ทรพยากรในทองถน ง. ความถนด และความสนใจของตน

8. ขอใดคอประโยชนจากการดดแปลงวสดทมในทองถนน ามาสรางชนงาน ก. รายไดจากการขายสนคา ข. การใชทรพยากรอยางคมคา ค. รปแบบแปลกตาไมเหมอนใคร ง. ไดชนงานใหมทเปนนวตกรรม

9. ถาจะผลตสนคาออกสตลาด ตองค านงถงสงใดกอน ก. ขอมลทางการตลาด ข. ผขาย ค. เงนทน ง. วตถดบ

10. การวางแผนตามระยะเวลา แบงออกเปนกประเภท ก. 2 ข. 3 ค. 4 ง. 5

11. การขายแตกตางจากการตลาดอยางไร ก. เนนความตองการของผบรโภค ข. เนนทความส าคญของผลตภณฑ ค. ธรกจจะมงเนนทก าไร ง. ธรกจจะคนหาวธการสรางความพงพอใจตอผบรโภค

180

12. การขนสงทางธรกจมกทาง ก. 1 ข. 2 ค. 3 ง. 4

13. การจดตงรานแบบใดเปนการสงเสรมการขาย ก. วางสนคาหลงแคชเชยร ข. วางสนคาพอดกบสายตา ค. วางสนคาดานบนของชนวางของ ง. วางสนคาดานลางของชนวางของ

14. ขอใดน าเทคโนโลยมาใชในการประกอบอาชพเหมาะสมทสด ก. การเลยงปลาในกระชง ข. การปลกผกในแปลงเกษตรดงเดม ค. การท าบญชรายรบ-รายจาย ง. การควบคมการผลตและการจ าหนายชนสวนรถยนตในโรงงาน

15. กระบวนการผลตหมายถง ก. การใหบรการตามความตองการของนายทน ข. การใหบรการตามความตองการของผบรโภค ค. การใหบรการตามความตองการของตนเอง ง. การใหบรการตามความตองการของนายจาง

16. การออกแบบผลตภณฑ หมายถงขอใด ก. การจนตนาการ ข. การสรางเครองหมายทางการคา ค. การสรางสรรคชนงาน ง. การผลตสนคาไดหลากหลาย

17. ถาเราตองการทจะเปนผผลตเทคโนโลยควรจะปฏบตอยางไร ก. ศกษาขอมลตางๆ จากตางประเทศ ข. เปนคนทคดเปนแลวลงมอปฏบต ค. ยดแบบอยางเทคโนโลยจากตางประเทศ ง. น าเขาเทคโนโลยจากตางประเทศกอนผผลตคนอน

18. ในการศกษาคนควาหาขอมลในการท าโครงงานวธใดทรวดเรวทสด ก. หองสมด ข. ต าราเรยน ค. อนเทอรเนต ง. ภมปญญาทองถน

19. ปจจยใดทควรค านงในการตดสนใจเลอกกลยทธตลาดเปาหมาย ก. กลมลกคา ข. แผนการตลาด ค. ความเหมอนกนของผลตภณฑ ง. สภาวะแวดลอมการตลาด

20. ขอใดคอการใชแรงงานทถกตอง ก. แรงงานคน , แรงงานหนมสาว ข. แรงงานเครองจกรกลการเกษตร , แรงงานเดก ค. แรงงานวยรน ง. แรงงาน , แรงงานสตว

****************************************

181

ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

182

สาระทกษะการด าเนนชวต รายวชาเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ทช21001

1 หนวยกต

183

แบบทดสอบกอนเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ตรงกบขอใด

ก. พอประมาณ สมดล มเหตผล ข . มเหตมภมคมกน พอไปวดไปวา ค . พอประมาณ มเหต ภมคมกน ง . มเหตผล มนคง ยนไดดวยตนเอง

2 . ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงเปนแนวพระราชด ารของรชกาลใด ก. รชกาลท 6 ข. รชกาลท 7 ค. รชกาลท 8 ง . รชกาลท 9

3. ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมเปาหมายคอ ก. ด าเนนชวตไดทกสถานการณ ข. ด าเนนชวตไดทกประเทศ ค.ด าเนนชวดไดทกวย ง. ด าเนนชวตไดทกสภาพอากาศ 4 . กระบวนการเศรษฐกจพอเพยงคอ ก. ชมชน ประเทศ รายคน ข . ประเทศ ชมชน รายคน ค. ประเทศ รายคน ชมชน ง. รายคน ชมชน ประเทศ 5. ขอใด อธบายถงแนวคดเศรษฐกจพอเพยงไดถกตองทสด ก. แนวคดทใชไดกบเกษตรเทานน

ข . ความพอเพยนหมายถง การรจกคด พอใจในสงทตนเองม ค. ความพอเพยง หมายถง พอกนพอใชและไมทงอาชพ

ง . ความพอเพยง หมายถง การพอมพอกน ส าหลบครอบครว 6. ขอใดตอไปนควรยดถอเปนแบบอยางในการด าเนนชวตตามหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงในชวงภาวะเศรษฐกจประเทศตกต า ก. ครตกตา สงซอรถรนใหมทสงเขาจากยโรป

ข. ครพมพ ขนรถประจ าทาง แทนการขบรถยนตสวนตวมาท างาน ค. ครแมว เดนทางไปเทยวตางประเทศเปนประจ าทกเดอน

ง. ครจ า สงซอเครองส าอางคจากตางประเทศทางอนเตอรเนต 7. นกเรยนสามารถน าหลกการทางปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมาใชในการเรยนอยางไร ก. เปนการพงพาตนเองเปนส าคญ ข. ไมท าความเดอดรอนใหผอน ค. ปฏบตตนในลกษณะการพออยพอกน ง. ถกทกขอ 8. คณธรรมดานในทมความส าคญกบแนวเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมากทสด ก. เปนคนมศลธรรม ข. มความละอายตอบาป ค. เปนผมความโอบออมอาร ง. มความซอสตว และขยนหมนเพยน

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9. ความพอเพยงทางเทคโนโลยตามหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมความหมายอยางไร ก. การใชเทคโนโลยแบบผสมผสาน ข. การไมใชเทคโนโลยในการผลต ค. การใชเทคโนโลยในการผลต ง. การใชภมปญญาในการผลต 10. ขอใดคอเปาหมายของหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงทส าคญทสด ก. ประเทศไทยร ารวยเทยบเทาประเทศมหาอ านาจ ข. ประชาชนมฐานะเศรษฐกจร ารวยเทาเทยมกน ค. ประเทศชาตพงพาตนเองไดในระยะยาว ง. ประชาชนหลดพนจากความทกขและมความสขตลอดไป

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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บทท 1 ความพอเพยง

ความเปนมาปรชญาของเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ความหมายปรชญาของเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ......................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ......................................................................................................................................................................... ..................... ............................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................

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ปรชญาของเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมหลกการพจารณา 5 สวน ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ปรชญาของเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมความส าคญตอการพฒนาประเทศและพฒนาคน ดงน .................................................................................................................................... .......................................................... ........................................................................ ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................... ............................................................................ ................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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วธการแสวงหาความรของมนษย มดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................... ................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................................................... ............................... ................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... ........................... ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ทกษะในการสรางปญญาเพอน าไปสการแสวงหาความรดวยตนเองม 10 ขนตอน ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................. ................................ .................................................................................................. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. 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บทท 2 การประกอบอาชพอยางพอเพยง

การน าหลกปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงไปใชในการจดสรรทรพยากรทมอยของตนเอง ครอบครว และชมชนจะชวยใหด ารงชวตอยางไมเดอดรอน และเกดความยงยน โดยค านงถง ................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................................................................................................................. . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . เศรษฐกจพอเพยงทงในระดบครวเรอน กลมองคกร และระดบหมบาน ไดยดหลกทางสายกลาง อนไดแก 3 หวงยดเหนยว และ2 หวงเงอนไขการปฏบต โดยเสนอผลการวคราะหในแตละดานดงน ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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บทท 3 การวางแผนประกอบอาชพแบบพอเพยง

มาตรฐานทดใหแกครอบครว ชมชน และประเทศชาต ความจ าเปนของการประกอบอาชพม ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. การวางแผนการประกอบอาชพทถกตอง และการทจะวางแผนการประกอบอาชพ ควรจะตองศกษา ดงน.......................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . 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การประกอบอาชพ สามารถแบงออกเปน 2 ประเภท คอ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................... .......................................... ........................................................................................ ..................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ........................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... ............................................................................................ ................................................................................................. . การประกอบอาชพตามแนวทางหลกปรชญาของเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ควรยดหลกในการปฏบตตน ดงน ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................ . ..................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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ประโยชนของโครงงานการประกอบอาชพ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . การประกอบอาชพประสบผลส าเรจตามเปาหมาย ไดรบการสนบสนนจากผเกยวของ ผรวมงาน และลกคา ผประกอบอาชพตองมคณธรรม ดงน ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... . ...................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ .......................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................... .............................................................................. ............................................................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. ................................................ .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .................................................................................................................................................. ............................................ ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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บทท 4 เครอขายด าเนนชวตแบบพอเพยง

การขบเคลอนเศรษฐกจพอเพยงดานการศกษา ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................. ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... “ทฤษฎใหม” 3 ขน คอ ............................................................................................................................................................................... ............... ................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........... ....................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....... ........................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . .............................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ . ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................. 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แบบทดสอบหลงเรยน จงเลอกค าตอบทถกทสดเพยงขอเดยวลงในกระดาษค าตอบ 1. ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยง ตรงกบขอใด

ก. พอประมาณ สมดล มเหตผล ข . มเหตมภมคมกน พอไปวดไปวา ค . พอประมาณ มเหต ภมคมกน ง . มเหตผล มนคง ยนไดดวยตนเอง

2 . ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงเปนแนวพระราชด ารของรชกาลใด ก. รชกาลท 6 ข. รชกาลท 7 ค. รชกาลท 8 ง . รชกาลท 9

3. ปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมเปาหมายคอ ก. ด าเนนชวตไดทกสถานการณ ข. ด าเนนชวตไดทกประเทศ ค.ด าเนนชวดไดทกวย ง. ด าเนนชวตไดทกสภาพอากาศ 4 . กระบวนการเศรษฐกจพอเพยงคอ ก. ชมชน ประเทศ รายคน ข . ประเทศ ชมชน รายคน ค. ประเทศ รายคน ชมชน ง. รายคน ชมชน ประเทศ 5. ขอใด อธบายถงแนวคดเศรษฐกจพอเพยงไดถกตองทสด ก. แนวคดทใชไดกบเกษตรเทานน

ข . ความพอเพยนหมายถง การรจกคด พอใจในสงทตนเองม ค. ความพอเพยง หมายถง พอกนพอใชและไมทงอาชพ

ง . ความพอเพยง หมายถง การพอมพอกน ส าหลบครอบครว 6. ขอใดตอไปนควรยดถอเปนแบบอยางในการด าเนนชวตตามหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงในชวงภาวะเศรษฐกจประเทศตกต า ก. ครตกตา สงซอรถรนใหมทสงเขาจากยโรป

ข. ครพมพ ขนรถประจ าทาง แทนการขบรถยนตสวนตวมาท างาน ค. ครแมว เดนทางไปเทยวตางประเทศเปนประจ าทกเดอน

ง. ครจ า สงซอเครองส าอางคจากตางประเทศทางอนเตอรเนต 7. นกเรยนสามารถน าหลกการทางปรชญาเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมาใชในการเรยนอยางไร ก. เปนการพงพาตนเองเปนส าคญ ข. ไมท าความเดอดรอนใหผอน ค. ปฏบตตนในลกษณะการพออยพอกน ง. ถกทกขอ 8. คณธรรมดานในทมความส าคญกบแนวเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมากทสด ก. เปนคนมศลธรรม ข. มความละอายตอบาป ค. เปนผมความโอบออมอาร ง. มความซอสตว และขยนหมนเพยน

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9. ความพอเพยงทางเทคโนโลยตามหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงมความหมายอยางไร ก. การใชเทคโนโลยแบบผสมผสาน ข. การไมใชเทคโนโลยในการผลต ค. การใชเทคโนโลยในการผลต ง. การใชภมปญญาในการผลต 10. ขอใดคอเปาหมายของหลกเศรษฐกจพอเพยงทส าคญทสด ก. ประเทศไทยร ารวยเทยบเทาประเทศมหาอ านาจ ข. ประชาชนมฐานะเศรษฐกจร ารวยเทาเทยมกน ค. ประเทศชาตพงพาตนเองไดในระยะยาว ง. ประชาชนหลดพนจากความทกขและมความสขตลอดไป

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ค าชแจง ใหนกศกษาระบายวงกลมดวยดนสอ 2B ขนไป ใหเขมเตมวงกลม เมอตองการแกไขค าตอบใหใชยางลบ ลบขอทตองการแกไขแลวจงระบายวงกลมใหม

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