‰ÚÈ‚Ù‰ ¯ÂÚÊÓÏ ÔÎ˙ È ÈÁ·˙ ÌÈί„· ‰·È·Ò·Â Ú˜¯˜· ˙ÂÈ...
Transcript of ‰ÚÈ‚Ù‰ ¯ÂÚÊÓÏ ÔÎ˙ È ÈÁ·˙ ÌÈί„· ‰·È·Ò·Â Ú˜¯˜· ˙ÂÈ...
ÌÈί„· ˙ÂÁÈË·‰Â ‰¯Â·Á˙‰ „¯˘ÓÈ˙¯Â·Á˙ ÔÂÎ˙ Û‚‡Ø‰˘·È‰ ωÈÓ
‰ÚÈ‚Ù‰ ¯ÂÚÊÓÏ ÔÎ˙ ÈÈÁ·˙ÌÈί„· ‰·È·Ò·Â Ú˜¯˜·
˙ÂȯÈÚ≠ÔÈ·
Ó¢Ú· ÌȈÚÂÈ ÌÈÒ„‰Ó — ÌÂ˙Ó≠ÈÓ‡
≤∞±∞ ¯·ÓËÙÒ — ‡¢Ú˘˙ ȯ˘˙
ÌÂ˙Ó≠ÈÓ‡
OBERMEYER PLANEN+BERATEN GmbH
Dipl. Ing. Frank Hesl
I
II
III
IV
V
1
CSS (Contextual Sensitive Solution)
2
3
4
I
5
I
6
7
fragmentation
(Austroads, 2003)
8
9
10
11
http://cms.education.
gov.il/EducationCMS/UNITS/Unesco
12
13
14
15
16
17
leftovers
leftover
18
19
20
dBdBA3
21
dBA80
(Berglund et al, 1995)
4x4
NO2 NO (CO)
(PM10) (SOX) (HC) NOX
(O3)
22
HC CO
CO
dBA70
23
24
25
26
27
CSS (Contextual
Sensitive Solution)
28
x
29
30
“Landscape continuity analysis: A new approach to conservation planning in Israel”, N. Levin, A. Heller, H. Lahav, G. Nizri, U. Ramon, Y. Sagiand A. Tsoar
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
x
40
X>50%20%<X<50%X<20%
X>70%20%<X<70%X<20%
41
42
43
(target speed)
(speed limit)
(design speed)
(operating speed)
44
45
46
x y
47
48
49
50
III
51
B A
AB
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
AASHTO 2004 AASHTO
AASHTO 2004
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
cut & cover
85
86
87
trench
88
89
90
91
(avoidance)
(remedy)
(reduction)
cover&cut
92
93
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (1991), "A Guide to Transportation
Landscape and Environmental Design", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2004), "A Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2004), "A Guide for Achieving
Flexibility in Highways Design", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials -Center for Environmental
Excellence (2006), "Best Practices in Context Sensitive Solutions", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
AUSTROADS (2003), "Rural Road Design: A Guide to the Geometric Design of Rural Roads", Sydney,
Australia.
AUSTROADS (2006), "Guide to Road Design Part 1: Introduction to Road Design", Sydney, Australia.
AUSTROADS (2006), "Guide to Road Design Part 2: Design Considerations", Sydney, Australia.
CALTRANS - California Department of Transportation (2001), "Highway Design Manual-Chapter 500 Traffic
Interchanges", Sacramento, California, U.S.A.
CALTRANS - California Department of Transportation (2004), "Highway Design Manual-Chapter 300 Cross
Sections", Sacramento, California, U.S.A.
CALTRANS - California Department of Transportation (2006), "Highway Design Manual-Chapter 100 Basic
Design Policies", Sacramento, California, U.S.A.
FHWA - Federal Highway Administration (1997), "Flexibility in Highway Design", U.S. Department of
Transportation, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen und Verkehrswesen (1995), „Richtlinie für die Anlage von Straßen RAS-L",
Teil: Linienführung, Germany.
Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen und Verkehrswesen (1995), „Richtlinie für die Anlage von Landstraßen
RAL", Teil III: Knotenpunkte (RAL-K), Abschnitt 2: Planfreie Knotenpunkte (RAL-K-2), Germany.
Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen und Verkehrswesen (1995), „Aktuelle Hinweise zur Gestaltung planfreier
Knotenpunkte außerhalb bebauter Gebiete Ergänzungen zu den RAL-K-2", AH-RAL-K-2, Germany.
Highways Agency, The (1992), "The Good Roads Guide, New Roads, Integration with Rural Landscapes",
94
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 10, Section 1, Part 3, HA 57/92, HMSO, U.K.
Highways Agency, The (1994), "Layout of Compact Grade Separated Intersections", Design Manual for Roads
and Bridges, Vol. 6, Section 2, Part 5, TD 40/94, HMSO, U.K.
Highways Agency, The (1994),"The Design of Major Interchanges", Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol.
6, Section 2, Part 4, TD 39/94, HMSO, U.K.
Highways Agency, The (2002),"Highway Link Design", Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 6, Section
1, Part 1, TD 9/93, HMSO, U.K.
Highways Agency, The (2005),"Cross-Sections and Headrooms", Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol.
6, Section 1, Part 2, TD 27/05, HMSO, U.K.
Highways Agency, The (2006), "Layout of Grade Separated Junctions", Design Manual for Roads and Bridges,
Vol. 6, Section 2, Part 1, TD 22/06, HMSO, U.K.
Holland T. (1982), "Geometric Design Guidelines (Classification, Alignment, Cross-Section)", NRA - National
Roads Authority, Dublin, Ireland.
Holland T. (1982), "Geometric Design Guidelines (Motorway Interchanges)", NRA - National Roads Authority,
Dublin, Ireland.
Lamm R., Psarianos B. and Mailaender T. (1999), "Highway Design and Traffic Safety Engineering Handbook",
McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A.
Leisch J.E. (2005), "Freeway and Interchange Geometric Design Handbook", ITE - Institute of Transportation
Engineers, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
NCHRP - National Cooperative Highway Research Program (2001), "Recent Geometric Design Research for
Improved Safety and Operations - Synthesis 299", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
NCHRP - National Cooperative Highway Research Program (2003), "Design Exception Practices: A Synthesis
of Highway Practice - Synthesis 316", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
NCHRP - National Cooperative Highway Research Program (2002), "A Guide to Best Practices for Achieving
Context Sensitive Solutions - Report 480", Washington D.C., U.S.A.
SETRA (2000), "National Instruction on Technical Design Requirements for Rural Motorways", Ministry of Public
Works Transport and Housing Directorate of Roads, Bagneux Cedex, France.
TAC - Transportation Association of Canada (1999), "Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads", Ottawa,
Canada.
Transit New Zealand (2000), "State Highway Design Manual", Wellington, New Zealand.
95
http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_ido.asp?sec_id=41&subj_id=227&id=198&module_id=#as
http www antiquities org il article_Item_ido asp sec_id &subj_id &id &module_id
http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_ido.asp?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=400.
Ynethttp//www.ynet.co.il.
96
AASHTO (2004), "A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design", USA
Austroads (2003), "Environmental Considerations for Planning and Design of Roads", Pub. No. AP-R217/03,
Austroads Incorporated, Sydney.
Berglund B. et al. (1995), "Community Noise", Jannes Snabbtryck Sweden, World Health Organization
(WHO).
Christopher W., Menge et al. (1998), "FHWA Traffic Noise Model Technical Manual (TNM)", FHWA DOT USA,
FHWA-PD-96-010.
ISO11819-1 Acoustics (1997), "Measurement of the Influence of Road Surfaces on Traffic Noise", ISO-
International Standard Organization.
MassHighway (2006), "Massachusetts Highway Department Project Development and Design Guidebook",
Massachusetts, USA.
Miedema H.M.E. and Vos H. (1998), "Exposure-Response Relationships for Transportation Noise", J. Acoustic,
Soc. Am., Vol. 104, No. 6, pp. 3432-3445.
OECD (1995), "Roadside Noise Abetement". OECD Publications, France.
Pacific Water Resources (2004), "Cross Israel Highway Storm Water Quality Study Phase IV Final Report",
Pacific Water Resources Inc, 8/04.
PIARC (1993), "Porous Asphalt".
Romani P. and Ventura F. (1992), "Barriere Acustiche".
Sandberg U. and Ejsmont J. A. (2002), "Tyre/Road Noise Reference Book", INFORMEX Ejsmont and Sandberg,
Handelsblag, Sweden, p. 616.
Schultz T. J (1978), "Synthesis of Social Survey on Noise Annoyance", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 64, pp. 18-
27.
Schultz T. J (1982), "Community Noise Rating", Applied Science Publication.
Simpson M.A. (1976), "Noise Barrier Design Handbox", FHWA, DOT, USA, FHWA -RD-76-58.
TRANSIT (2006), "Guidelines for Highway Landscaping Manual Management Plan", New Zealand.
http://www.
97
sviva.gov.il
http://www.sviva.gov.il/bin/en.jsp?enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=Object&enDispWho=Ar
ticals^l3611&enZone=car_pollution
http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/UNITS/Unesco
Transport for London Web site, “Congestion Charging”, retrieved at 25/12/07 from the Internet: http://www.
cclondon.com
LONDON web site, “Congestion Charging”, retrieved at 25/12/07 from the Internet: http://www.london.gov.uk/
mayor/congest
Cupercus R. (2005), "Compensation of Highway Impacts; Negotiated Trade-off or No-Net-Loss?", Ministry of
Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management,
Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division Ecological, The Netherlands.
"Environmental Assessment" (internet site), "Predicted Traffic Flows and Economic Assessment". Buckinghamshire
Country Council, U.K.
Fischer, E., Hohmann, H., and Marriott P.D. (2000), „Roadways and the Land: The Landscape Architect‘s Role",
The Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC), Vol. 63, No.5, Virginia, U.S.A.
Kane, P.S. (1981), "Assessing Landscape Attractiveness: A Comparative Test of Two New Methods", Department
of Geography, California State University, U.S.A.
McDonald, W. (2006), "Highway Landscaping Design", General Manager Transport Planning, Chap. 4, p. 5,
15-17, 19, 21, 35-42, "Transit", New Zealand.
National Roads Authority (2004), "Environmental Impact Assessment of National Road Schemes", Ireland.
Njord, J.R. (2004), "A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design", American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials. Washington D.C, U.S.A.
Norton. N.T. (1981), "Design on the Land", University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London,
England.
Ruck, B. (2007), "Preliminary Design and Environmental Assessment Study, Consultant Project Manager". TSH
Engineers Architect Planners, Ottawa, Canada.
98
The Scottish Executive Department (1977), "Design Manual for Roads and Bridges", Vol. 10, Part 1, Chap. 1,
p. 12, 15, Chap. 2, p. 8, The National Assembly for Wales, Department for Regional Development. Scotland.
Tsolakis D. et al. (2003), "Valuing Environmental and Other Externalities", ARRB - Transport Research Ltd.,
Austroads, Sydney, Australia.
Tsunokawa, K. and Hoban, C. (1997), "Roads and the Environment Handbook", Chap. 15, p. 150-151, The
World Bank Technical Paper, Washington D.C, U.S.A.
Alterman, R. (1991), "Dilemmas about Cross-National Transferability of Neighborhood Regeneration Programs",
In: Neighborhood Regeneration: An International Evaluation, R. Alterman and G. Cars. (Eds.), Mansell, London
and New York.
Barth, F. (1969), "Introduction", In: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, F. Barth (Ed.), Little Brown, Boston.
Batrtik, T.J. (1998), "Measuring the Benefits of Amenity Improvement, Land Economics", 64 (2), pp. 172-183.
Ben Meir, Y. (1995), "Civil-Military Relations in Israel", Colombia University Press, New York.
Bielski, J. and Sikorski, M. (1996), "Disturbances of Glucose Tolerance in Workers Exposed to Electromagnetic
Radiation", Med. Pr. 47(3), pp. 227-231.
Blaasaas, KG. & Tynes, T. et al. (2003), "Residence Near Power Lines and the Risk of Birth Defects", Epidem,
Vol. 14, pp. 95-98.
Boadway, R. and Bruce, N. (1984), "Welfast Economics", Jackwell, Oxford.
Bolitzer, B. and Netusil, N.R. (2000), "The Impact of Open Spaces on Property Values in Portland, Oregon",
Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 59, pp. 185-193.
Cohen, A.P. (1985), "The Symbolic Construction of Community", Tavistock Pub., London.
99
Cole, Sam. (2001), "Dare to Dream - Bringing Futures Studies into Planning", Journal of the American Planning
Association.
Dalkey, N. C. (1972), "An Elementary Cross Impact Model", TFSC 3 No. 3.
Eisenberg E., & J. Keil. (2000), "Growth, Construction, and House Prices", Journal of Housing Economics, 48
(9), pp. 6-10.
Gat D. (1996), "A Compact Hedonic Model of the Greater Tel-Aviv Housing Market", Journal of Real Estate
Literature, Vol. 4, pp. 163-172.
Gehl, J. (1987), "Life Between Buildings, Using Public Space", Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Hall, P. (1988), "Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth
Century", Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Harvey, D. (1989), "The Condition of Postmodernity", Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Harvey, D. (2001), "Spaces of Capital towards a Critical Geography", Edinburgh University Press.
Listokin, D. (Ed). (1983), "Housing Rehabilitation: Economic, Social and Policy Perspectives", State University
of New Jersey, Rutgers, New Brunswick NJ.
Malpezzi, S., Chun, G.H. and Green R.K. (1998), "New Place-to-Place Housing Price Indexes for U.S.
Metropolitan Areas, and their Determinants", Real Estate Economics, 26 (2), pp. 235-274.
Nelson, J.P. (1980), "Airport and Property Value", Journal of Transport Economics & Policy, Vol. 14, pp. 37-
51.
Peterson, D.C. and Row, R.D. (1987), "Valuation of Visual Forest Damages from Ozone" In: Improving Accuracy
and Reducing Costs of Environmental Benefit Assessments, Energy and Resource Consultants, Colorado.
Sarker and Mcknney (1992), "Measuring Uprices Values in Ontario`s Forests: An Economic Perspective
Annotated Bibiliography", Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario.
Vaughan, Roger J. (1977), "The Value of Urban Open Space", The Rand Paper Series, Santa Monica,
California.
Simons, R.A. (2004), "The Effect of Freight Railroad Tracks and Train Activity on Residential Property Values",
Appraisal Journal.
Hughes, W.T.Jr. and Sirmans, C.F. (1992), "Externalities and Single Family House Prices", Journal of Regional
Science, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1992, pp. 487-500, Louisiana State University.
Lake, I.R., Lovett, A.A., Bateman, I.J. and Langford, I.H. (1998), "Modeling Environmental Influences on Property
Prices in an Urban Environment", Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment
(CSERGE; University of East Anglia and University College London), UK, School of Environmental Sciences,
University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.
Rosiers, F.D. (2002), "Power Lines, Visual Encumbrance and House Values: A Microspatial Approach to Impact
Measurement", Journal of Real-Estate Research.
Bendtsen, H. (1999), "The Nordic Prediction Method for Road Traffic Noise", Traffic Safety Environment
Department, Road Directorate, Niels Juels Gade 13, 1059 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Wilhelmsson, M. (2000), "The Impact of Traffic Noise on the Values of Single-Family Houses", Journal of
100
Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6), 799-815.
Furby, Slovic, Fischhoff and Gregory, (1988). Furby, Gregory, Slovic and Fischhoff, 1988; Rhodeside and
Harwell, 1988; Priestley and Evans, (1990); Delaney and Timmons, (1992); Kung and Seagle, (1992), Colwell
and Foley (1979), Kinnard, Geckler, Geckler and Mitchell (1984), Colwell (1990), Kinnard (1990), Ignelzi and
Priestley (1991), Kroll and Priestley (1991), Hamilton and Carruthers (1993), Hamilton and Schwann (1995),
Kinnard and Dickey (1995), Callanan and Hargreaves (1995), Kinnard (1996) and Kinnard, Geckler and DeLottie
(1996, 1997), all in: Rosiers, Francois Des, (2002) "Power Lines, Visual Encumbrance and House Values: A
Microspatial Approach to Impact Measurement", Journal of Real-Estate Research.
Rosiers, F.D. (2002), "Power Lines, Visual Encumbrance and House Values: A Microspatial Approach to Impact
Measurement", Journal of Real-Estate Research.
Rapoza, Raslear and Rickley (1999), "Railway Horn System", U.S. Department of Transportation, ResearchResult PR 07-06.
Lary, C.L, Poon (1978), "Railway Externalities and Residential Properties Price", Land Economic, Vol. 54