a2z Company Profile

7/30/2019 a2z Company Profile

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SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN

A2Z GROUP

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

COMPANYS GUIDE NAME FACULTY NAME

Anupam Pandey Dr. Monika Agrawal

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Masters Degree in BusinessAdministration from G.B. Technical University

BY

ASHUTOSH KUMAR DIXIT

MBA II YEAR

ROLL NO.: 1120370010

RAMESHWARAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT,

LUCKNOW


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DECLARATION

I, ASHUTOSH KUMAR DIXIT, hereby declare that I have carried out summer Training project

report on the topic entitled SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. I further declare that this

project is my original work and no part of this Project report has been published or submitted to

anybody or university Award of any other degree or diploma.

PLACE: LUCKNOW (ASHUTOSH KUMAR DIXIT)

DATE: MBA (3rd

Semester)

ROLL NO. -1120370010


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PREFACE

To bridge the gap between the theory and practical it essential for student to step out of the class

room and move around the corporate world .Classroom theory can pass on knowledge but

attitude and skill can be inherited from actual market exposure.This training had not only provided me the corporate exposure but has also equipped me with an

attitude and skill to become a successful leader.

And I have learned that how to handle the situation in any adverse time, this practical

programme has given me a very wonderful knowledge about publicity and public relation

strategies and market competition and I have came up with that idea how can we actually work

with perfection by publicity and public relation activities and giving it to a third party .

Other than the above mentioned things, this training has given me the exposure to deal with the

cut-throat competition which prevails in todays business environment among the various firms

and has also taught me how to figure out solutions for this adverse condition.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me great pleasure to express my boundless sense of gratitude to each and every person who

directly or indirectly helped me in completing this humble piece of work. During the course of my

training, I learnt that Understanding is one thing and Executing is another. I got the opportunity to

undergo training at RAMESHWARAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

LUCKNOW. The practical training was very helpful as I got acquainted with various activities of

Management. This study also helped me to judge the difference between classroom studies and practical

reality of management in an organization.

I would like to convey my special thanks to Dr. Monika Agrawal (HOD, MBA Dept.) for helping in

this project and taking a keen interest in solving my every small problem, clearing all my doubts and

helping me to think, behave and act from managers point of view.

I am also thankful to my parents, classmates and friends who were in some or the other way

helpful to me in successfully completing this research study.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOPIC COMPANY PROFILE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DATA ANALYSIS FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Anything else youre interested in is not going to happen if you cant breathe the air and drink the water.

Dont sit this one out. Do something. You are by accident of fate alive at an absolutely critical moment in the

history of our planet.

- Carl Sagon

Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as

useless or unwanted. Generation of solid waste is not a new phenomenon. It is as old as the human civilization. In

the early days, before the advent of the industrial revolution, the major constituents of wastes were domestic sewage


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and agricultural residues, which were biodegradable in nature. Since population was less and fallow land was in

plenty, solid wastes could be conveniently disposed off in the countryside either on open ground or were placed in

pits covered with layers of earth. Because of their biodegradable nature they used to get decomposed and assimilated

in the soil. However, with unparallel industrialization and consequent organization not only has the quantity of the

solid waste increased but its quality has also changed. Though rural wastes continue to be made up of domestic

wastes and agricultural residues mainly, waste from urban areas and the industrial units contains diverse types of

materials that include toxic and hazardous constituents. The discarded waste materials are often reusable and may be

considered as resource in another setting. Solid Waste Management is to manage the societys waste in a mannerthat meets public health and environmental concerns and the publics desire to reuse and recycle waste materials.

Solid Waste Management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, collection,

storage, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best

principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and other environmental considerations.

The most commonly recognized methods for the final disposal of solid wastes are:

Dumping on land Dumping in water Plowing into the soil Incineration

Waste Generation

Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either

thrown away or gathered together for disposal. For example, the wrapping of a chocolate is usually considered to be

of little value to the owner once the chocolate is consumed and thrown away, especially outdoors. It is important in

waste generation to note that there is an identification step, which varies with each individual waste. The quantity of

solid waste generation depends upon factors such as standard of living, food habits and degree of commercial

activities and the quality of the waste also varies seasonally. According to the study carried out by the Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during 2000, in Class I cities, the solid waste generation was about 0.4

kg/capita/day. In other cities, the average solid waste generation was 0.2 kg/capita/day. The quantity of waste

generation is directly related to increase of urbanization. The present urban population of India is about 25% and is

estimated to go up to 60% in 2025. In India currently about 1,00,000 metric tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste isgenerated in a day!!!

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

Solid wastes are unwanted materials disposed by mankind. Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian

garbage will undergo the following changes

Organic Waste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent Plastic will rise from 4% to 6% Metal will escalate from 1% to 4% Glass will increase from 2% to 3% Paper will climb from 5% to 15% Others (ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to 12%

Source: Toxics Link, 2002


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WHAT IS LIQUID WASTE

Liquid waste means sludge resulting from, but not limited to, waste

treatment works, air pollution control facility, domestic, commercial,

mining, institutional, agricultural, or governmental operations; or

other waste materials, including materials to be recycled or otherwise

beneficially reused; or septic tank, grease trap, sediment trap, portable

toilet, or oil and grease separator pump-outs; or solvents, sewage,

industrial waste, hazardous waste, semisolid waste, or potentially

infectious waste; or any similar materials which would cause a

nuisance if discharged to the ground waters.

Liquid waste generator

means any person or entity whose act or process produces liquid waste, or who by the nature of its operations uses

materials in a process which would subsequently require disposal as a liquid waste .

Liquid waste transporters

means any person or entity which carries, conveys, bears or transports any liquid waste in any moving vehicleincluding but not limited to a car, truck, tank car, railroad car or other vehicle.

Prohibited Liquid Waste

There are a number of waste streams that due to their inherent nature or characteristics can adversely affect the

operation of a landfill site and therefore should be prohibited from landfill disposal. The following are recommended

as not being suitable for disposal to any type of landfill

Radioactive wastes Lead acid batteries Used oil

Explosive, flammable, oxidizing or corrosive substances


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TYPES OF SOLID WASTES

Solid waste includes domestic wastes, municipal wastes, commercial wastes, garbage, rubbish, ashes, construction

and demolition wastes, industrial wastes, hazardous wastes, hospital

wastes and sewage.

Domestic wastes :These wastes are generated by household activitiessuch as cooking, cleaning, repairs, redecoration, empty containers,

packaging, clothing, old books, newspapers, old furnishings, etc.

Commercial wastes : Solid wastes generated in offices, wholesale

stores, restaurants, hotels, markets, warehouses and other commercial

establishments. These are further classified into garbage and rubbish.

Institutional wastes : Wastes generated from institutions such as

schools, colleges, hospitals, research institutions. The waste includes

garbage, rubbish and hazardous wastes.

Municipal wastes :Wastes generated due to municipal activities and services such as street waste, deadanimals,

market waste and abandoned vehicles. Generally, the term is used in awider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and

commercial wastes.

Garbage: It includes animal and vegetable wastes due to various

activities like storage, preparation and sale, cooking and serving.

These are biodegradable.

Ashes: Residues from the burning of wood, charcoal and coke for

cooking and heating in houses, institutions and small industries. Ashes

consist of a fine powdery residue, cinders and clinker often mixed

with small pieces of

metal and glass.

Rubbish :Apart from garbage and ashes, other solid wastes produced

in households, commercial establishments, and institutions are termed

as rubbish.

Bulky wastes: Bulky wastes are large household appliances such as

cookers, refrigerators and washing machines as well as furniture,

crates, vehicle parts, tyres, wood, trees and branches. The bulky

metallic wastes are sold

as scrap metal but some

portion is disposed as

sanitary landfills.

Street wastes: Street wastes include paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt,

dust, leaves and other vegetable matter collected from streets,

walkways, alleys, parks and vacant plots.

Dead animals :It includes animals that die naturally or accidentally

killed. It does not include carcass and animal parts from

slaughterhouses as these

are considered as

industrial wastes.

Construction and demolition wastes: India generates about 1012

million tonnes of waste annually. Major components of the

construction materials are cement, bricks, cement plaster, steel,rubble, stone, timber, plastic and iron pipes. About 50% of the wastes

are not currently recycled in India and 70 % of the construction


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Source and quantum of some major industrial wastes

Sl.No. NameQuantity (Million

tonnes per annum)Source

1 Steel and Blast Furnace 35.0 Conversion of steel

2 Brine mud 0.02 Caustic soda industry

3 Copper slag 0.0164By product from

smelting of copper

4 Fly ash 70.0Coal based thermal

power plants

5 Kiln dust 1.6 Cement plants

6 Lime sludge 3.0

Sugar, paper, fertilizer

tanneries, soda ash,

calcium carbide

industries

7 Mica scraper waste 0.005 Mica mining areas

8 Phosphogypsum 4.5Phosphoric acid plant,

Ammonium phosphate

9 Red mud / Bauxite 3.0

Mining and extraction

of alumina from

Bauxite

10 Coal washery dust 3.0 Coal mines

11 Iron tailing 11.25 Iron Ore

12 Lime stone wastes 50.0 Lime stone quarry

Source: Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, CPHEEO, New Delhi

Slaughter House Waste

India has the worlds largest population of livestock. According to the Ministry of Food Processing, a total of 3616 -

slaughter houses slaughter over 2 million cattle and buffaloes, 50 million sheep and goat, 1.5 million pigs and 150

million poultry annually, for domestic consumption as well as for export purposes. The waste generated here are

liquid and solid in nature. Slaughtering of animals generates waste consisting of non-edible organs, stomach

contents, dung, bones and sludge from waste water treatment. Central Pollution Control Board has brought out

Draft guidelines for sanitation in slaughter houses during August 1998.


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Slaughter house

typesWaste generated

Large 67 tonnes / day

Medium 26 tonnes / day

Small 0.51 tonnes / day

Hospital waste

Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment

immunization of human beings or animals. It may include wastes like

sharps, soiled waste, disposables, anatomical waste, cultures,

discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. These are in the form of

disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc.

This waste is highly infectious and can be a serious threat to human

health if not managed in a scientific manner. It has been roughly

estimated that of the 4 kg of waste generated in a hospital at least 1 kgwould be infected.

Surveys carried out by various agencies show that health care

establishments in India are not giving due attention to their waste

management. After the notification of the Bio-medical Waste

(Handling and Management) Rules, 1998, these establishments are slowly streamlining the process of waste

segregation, collection, treatment, and disposal. Many of the larger hospitals have either installed the treatment

facilities or in the process of doing so.

Bio-medical waste

Bio-medical waste means any solid and/or liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product, which

is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings or animals or in research pertainingthereto or in the production or testing thereof.

Bio Medical waste consists of human anatomical waste like tissues, organs, body parts, animal wastes generated

during research, from veterinary hospitals, microbiology and biotechnology wastes, waste sharps, hypodermic

needles, syringes, scalpels, broken glass, discarded medicines and cyto-toxic drugs, soiled waste, such as dressing,

bandages, plaster casts, material contaminated with blood, tubes, catheters, liquid waste from any of the infected

areas, incineration ash and other chemical wastes.

Several health hazards are associated with poor management of bio-medical wastes like injury from sharps to staff

and waste handlers associated with the health care establishments. Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) of patients due

to spread of infection. Occupational risk associated with hazardous chemicals, drugs, unauthorized repackaging and

sale of disposable items and unused/date expired drugs.

The Bio-medical waste (Management & Handling Rules), 1998 is applicable to all persons, who generate, collect,

receive, store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical waste in any form. The occupier of an institution

generating bio-medical waste is required to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse

effect on human health and the environment.

Occupier in relation to any institution generating bio-medical waste, which includes the hospital, nursing home,

dispensary, clinic, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank, means a person who has


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control over that institution or its premises.

Every occupier shall set up bio-medical waste treatment facilities like incinerator, autoclave and microwave system

to treat and dispose such waste.

For human anatomical waste (human tissues, organs, body parts) the recommended treatment isincineration or deep burial.

Wastes such as needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc., are required to undergo chemical treatment,autoclaving or shredding.

Solid waste items contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton, dressing, soiled plaster casts,bedding and other materials are to be treated by incineration, autoclaving or microwaving.

Solid wastes generated from disposable items such as tubes, catheters, intravenous sets are to be disinfectedby chemical treatment or microwaving mutilation or shredding.

Bio-medical waste shall not be mixed with other wastes and shall be segregated into containers or bags of different

colours like yellow, red, blue and black depending upon the type of waste. The untreated bio-medical waste should

not be stored in the premises beyond a period of 48 hours and shall be transported only in such vehicles authorized

for the purpose by the Government.

The environmental considerations must form an integral part of all development and be supplemented bymechanisms to see that environmental safeguards proposed are actually implemented together with systematic

monitoring to assess the effectiveness of such precautions in protecting the environment. It is proposed to appoint an

advisory committee constituting members from medical, heath care, veterinary, environment management,

municipality and other related departments to provide suitable advice.

Some common parasites and pathogens associated with solid waste

Organisms Time and Temperature for destruction

S. Typhosa

No growth beyond 46o C, death in 30 minutes at

55-60o and 20 minutes at 60o C, destroyed in a

short time in compost environment

Salmonella sp. In 1 hour at 55o C and in 15-20 minutes at 60o C.

Shigella sp. In 1 hour at 55o C.

E. Coli In 1 hour at 55o C. & in 15-20 minutes at 60o C.

E. histolytica cystsIn few minutes at 45o C. and in few seconds at

55o C.

Taenia saginata In a few minutes at 55o C.

Trichinella spiralis larvae Quickly killed at 55o C, instantly at 60o C.

Br. Abortus or Br. Suis In 3 minutes at 62-63o C and in 1 hour at 55o C.

Micrococcus pyogenes var.

aureusIn 10 minutes at 54o C.


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Streptococus pyogenes In 10 minutes at 54o C.

Mycobactercum tuberculosis

var. hominis

In 15-20 minutes at 66o C. or after momentary

heating at 67o C.

Corynebacterium diptheriae In 45 minutes at 55o C.

Necatoramericanus In 50 minutes at 45o C.

A. lumbricoides eggs In 1 hour at 50o C.


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PLASTICS

Plastic, with its exclusive qualities of being light yet strong and

economical, has invaded every aspect of our day-to-day life. It has

many advantages: it is durable, light, easy to mould and can be

adapted to different user requirements. Once hailed as a wonder

material, plastic is now a serious worldwide environmental and health

concern, essentially due to its non- biodegradable nature. More than

50% of the plastic waste generated in the country is recycled and used

in the manufacture of various plastic products.

Dioxin is a highly carcinogenic and toxic by-product of the

manufacturing process of plastics. Burning of plastics, especially

PVC, releases this dioxin and also furan into the atmosphere.

Plastics are so versatile in use that their impact on the environment is

extremely wide ranging. Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes

drains, blocks the porosity of the soil and causes problems for

groundwater recharge. Plastic disturbs the soil microbial activity.Plastic bags can also contaminate foodstuffs due to leaching of toxic

dyes and transfer of pathogens. In fact, a major portion of the plastic

bags i.e. approximately 60-80% of the plastic waste generated in India

is collected and segregated for recycling. 20 - 40% remains strewn on

the ground, littered around in open drains.

Designing eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics are the need of the

hour. Though partially biodegradable plastics have been developed

and used, completely biodegradable plastics based on renewable starch rather than petrochemicals have only

recently been developed and are in the early stages of commercialization. The incentives provided for this is not

adequate. For example it is both easy and economical to deliver milk in plastic bags rather than in bottles.

Household

Carry bags Pet bottles Containers Trash bags

Health and Medicare

Disposable syringes Glucose bottles Blood and uro bags Intravenous tubes Catheters Surgical gloves

Hotel and Catering

Packaging items

Mineral water bottles Plastic plates, cups, spoons

Air/Rail Travel

Mineral water bottles

Plastic plates, cups, spoons Plastic bags

Source of generation of waste plastics

Problems of solid wastes


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Consumption, linked to per capita income, has a strong relationship

with waste generation. As per capita income rises, more savings are

spent on goods and services, especially when the transition is from a

low income to a middle-income level. India will probably see a rise in

waste generation from less than 40,000 metric tonnes per year to over

125,000 metric tones by the year 2030.

In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million

tonnes of solid waste; in 1997 it was about 48 million tonnes. More

than 25% of the municipal solid waste is not collected at all; 70% of

the Indian cities lack adequate capacity to transport it and there are no

sanitary landfills to dispose of the waste. The existing landfills not

lined properly to protect against contamination of soil and

groundwater.

Garbage Four broad categories

Organic

wastekitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits.

Toxic wasteold medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and

pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish

Soiled hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.

Recyclable paper, glass, metals, and plastics

Generation of Municipal Solid Waste

Composition Percentage

Biodegradable 52%

Metal scrap, Rubber,

textiles, etc11%

Stones and Rubber 8%

Sand 23%

Plastics 10%

Paper products 5%


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Municipal Solid Wastes

Municipal solid waste includes commercial and domestic wastes generated in municipal or notified areas in either

solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes.

Collection of municipal solid wastes

Littering of municipal solid waste shall be prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas notified by the State

Governments. To prohibit littering and facilitate compliance, the following steps shall be taken by the municipal

authority, namely

1. Organizing house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, likecommunity bin collection (central bin), house-to-house collection, collection on regular pre-informed

timings and scheduling by using musical bell of the vehicle.2. Devising collection of waste from slums and squatter areas or localities including hotels, restaurants, office

complexes and commercial areas.3. Wastes from slaughterhouses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetable markets, which are biodegradable

in nature, shall be managed to make use of such wastes.

4. Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be mixed with municipal solid wastes and such wastesshall follow the rules separately specified for the purpose.5. Collected waste from residential and other areas shall be transferred to community bin by hand-driven carts

or other small vehicles.

6. Construction or demolition wastes or debris shall be separately collected and disposed off following propernorms. Similarly, wastes generated at dairies shall be regulated in accordance with the State laws.

7. Waste (garbage, dry leaves) shall not be burnt.8. Stray animals shall not be allowed to move around waste storage facilities or at any other place in the city

or town.

Generation of Municipal solid waste in various countries

Country

Urban MSW Generation

(kg/capita/day)

In 1995 In 2025

Japan 1.47 1.30

Singapore 1.10 1.10

Hong

Kong5.07 4.50

Korea 1.59 1.40

Malaysia 0.81 1.40

Thailand 1.10 1.15

Philippines 0.52 0.80


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Indonesia 0.76 1.00

Sri Lanka 0.89 1.00

China 0.79 0.90

India 0.46 0.70

Mangolia 0.60 0.90

Vietnam 0.55 0.70

Myanmar 0.45 0.60

Bangladesh 0.49 0.60

Nepal 0.50 0.60

Source: Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Govt. of India, 2000

Various problems are faced due to solid wastes disposal. Dumping of solid wastes in the open could create aesthetic

problems as the beauty of a place is destroyed. The garbage forms a source of food for rats, flies, mosquitoes and the

like. Hence typhoid, plague, dysentery, diarrhoea epidemics could occur. Toxic hazardous substances in the wastes

would be harmful to human and animal health. The plastics if eaten by cows could be fatal. Solid wastes could also

pollute water and their burning could lead to air pollution.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE LAW

Laws concerning solid waste are passed to improve the solid waste management and to regulate the disposal

activity, which causes problems in public health, the environment and economics. Many laws apply to the control of

solid waste management problems.

Acts, Rules and Notification regarding Solid Waste Management in Inida

Law of Torts Indian Penal Code, 1860 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 Constitution of India, 1950 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Environment Protection Act, 1986 Hazardous waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 Bio-medical wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998. Recycled plastics (Manufacture and Usage) Rules, 1999 Municipal Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000

The right to live in a clean and healthy environment is not only a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 21 of

our Constitution but also a right recognized and enforced by the courts of law under different laws, like Law of

Torts, Indian Penal Code, 1860 Civil Procedure Code, 1908 and Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. The Constitution

of India, 1950 the earliest legislation and which is the supreme law of the land has imposed a fundamentalduty on every citizen of India under Article 51-A(g) to protect and improve the environment. The obligation


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on the State to protect the environment is expressed under Article 48 A. The right to live in a healthy environment is

also a basic human right. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 has declared under Article 3 that

everyone has the right to life and under Article 25 that everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for

health and well being of himself and of his family.

At the national policy level, the ministry of environment and forests has legislated the Municipal Waste

Management and Handling Rules 2000 in exercise of the power conferred under sections 3, 6 and 25 of the

Environment Protection Act, 1986. These rules shall apply to every municipal authority responsible for collection,

segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

Composting of wastes is a legal requirement provided under the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW) Rules

2000 for all municipal bodies in the country. The MSW Rules 2000 requires that biodegradable wastes shall be

processed by composting, vermi-composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for

the stabilization of wastes. The specified deadline for setting up of waste processing and disposa l facilities was 31

December 2003 or earlier.

Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation

of the provisions of these rules, and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation,

transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

The Central Government, to perform its functions effectively as contemplated under sections 6, 8, and 25 of the

Environment Protection Act, 1986, and has made various Rules, Notifications and Orders including the Bio-medical

wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.

Recycled plastics (Manufacture and Usage) Rules, 1999

Prohibit the usage of carry bags or containers made of recycled plastics for storing, carrying, dispensing orpackaging of foodstuffs.

Prescribe that the minimum thickness of carry bags made of recycled plastics shall not be less than 20microns.

Directs the manufacturers of carry bags that the carry bags and containers shall be in natural shape or whitein colour.

Stipulate that recycling of plastics shall be undertaken strictly in accordance with the standards prescribedby the Bureau of Indian Standards. The manufacturers of recycled plastics carry bags shall mark their

products as recycled.

This notification also provides that the Plastics Industries Association through member units shall undertake self-

regulatory measures. The State Pollution Control Board exercise powers to implement and control the above rules .

What is the responsibility of the State Government and the Union territory?

The Secretary-in charge of the Department of Urban Development of the concerned State or the Unionterritory, as the case may be, shall have the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of

these rules in the metropolitan cities.

The District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of the concerned district shall have the overallresponsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of these rules within the territorial limits of theirjurisdiction.

Preliminary surveys on municipalities preparedness in implementing the MSW Rules 2000 show that the majority

of the cities including Tamilnadu have embarked on city-wide implementation of door-to-door collection of waste,

source segregation, composting of organics, recycling and creating engineered and safe landfill sites for residual

waste disposal. The municipalities were given three years time to make such preparations.


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What is the responsibility of the citizens of India?

There is a constitutional obligation under Article 51A(g) to protect the environment. The question before us is

whether we as citizens of India have fulfilled our part of the obligation?

In Platos words, We are still like cave men, with our backs turned to the light, watching the shadows on the

wall.

Segregation of municipal solid waste

In order to encourage the citizens, municipal authority shall organize awareness programmes for segregation of

wastes and shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials. The municipal authority shall undertake phased

programme to ensure community participation in waste segregation. For this purpose, the municipal authorities shall

arrange regular meetings at quarterly intervals with representatives of local resident welfare associations and non-

governmental organizations.

Storage of municipal solid wastes

Municipal authorities shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner, as they do not create

unhygienic and unsanitary conditions around it. Following criteria shall be taken into account while establishing andmaintaining storage facilities, namely:

Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into account quantities of waste generation in agiven area and the population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is accessible to users.

Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other agency shall be so designed that wastesstored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly.

Storage facilities or bins shall have easy to operate design forhandling, transfer and transportation ofwaste. Bins for storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable

wastes shall be painted white and those for storage of other wastes shall be painted black.

Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out

under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers.

Processing of municipal solid wastes

Municipal authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies to make use of wastes so

as to minimize burden on landfill. Following criteria shall be adopted, namely

The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion or anyother appropriate biological processing for stabilization of wastes.

Mixed waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling. Incineration with or without

energy recovery can also be used for processing wastes in specific cases. Municipal authority or the operator of a

facility wishing to use other state-of-the-art technologies shall approach the Central Pollution Control Board to get

the standards laid down before applying for grant of authorization.

Disposal of municipal solid wastes

Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for

recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities

as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided

unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing. Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation of

alternate facilities, land filling shall be done following proper norms.


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Application of some important industrial wastes

S.No. Waste Areas of application

1 Fly ash

Cement Raw material in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) manufacture Manufacture of oil well cement Making sintered fly ash light-weight aggregates Cement / silicate bonded fly ash/clay binding bricks and insulating bricks Cellular concrete bricks and blocks, lime and cement fly ash concrete Precast fly ash concrete building units Structural fill for roads, construction on sites, land reclamation, etc. As filler in mines, in bituminous concrete As plasticiser As water reducer in concrete and sulphate resisting concrete

2Blast Furnace

Slags

Manufacture of slag cement, super sulphated cement, metallurgicalcement

Non-portland cement Making expansive cement, oil well, coloured cement and high early-

strength cement In refractory and in ceramic as sital As a structural fill (air-cooled slag) As aggregate in concrete

3

Ferro-alloy &

other metallurgical

slags

As structural fill In making pozzolona metallurgical cement

4By product

gypsum

In making of gypsum plaster, plaster boards and slotted tiles As set controller in the manufacture of portland cement In the manufacture of expensive or non-shrinking cement, super

sulphated and anhydrite cement As mineraliser Simultaneous manufacture of cement and sulphuric acid

5

Lime sludge

(phos-phochalk

paper and

sugar sludges)

As a sweetener for lime in cement manufacture Manufacture of lime pozzolana bricks / binders For recycling in parent industry Manufacture of building lime Manufacture of masonry cement

6 Chromium sludge As a raw material component in cement manufacture Manufacture of coloured cement as a chromiumbearing material

7 Red mud

As a corrective material As a binder Making construction blocks As a cellular concrete additive Coloured composition for concrete Making heavy clay products and red mud bricks In the formation of aggregate In making floor and all tiles Red mud polymer door


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Waste Management at source

Source of waste

generationAction to be taken

Household

Not to throw any solid waste in the neighbourhood, on the streets, openspaces, and vacant lands, into the drains or water bodies

Keep food waste/biodegradable waste in a non corrosive container with acover (lid)

Keep dry, recyclable waste in a bin or bag or a sack Keep domestic hazardous waste if and when generated separately for

disposal at specially notified locations

Multi-storeyed buildings

commercial complexes

private societies

Provide separate community bin or bins large enough to holdfood/biodegradable waste and recyclable waste generated in the building or

society. Direct the members of the association to deposit their waste in community

bin

Slums Use community bins provided by local body for deposition of food and

biodegradable waste

Shops, offices,

institutions, etc

If situated in a commercial complex, deposit the waste in bins provided bythe association

Hotels & restaurants

The container used should be strong, not more than 100 litre in size, shouldhave a handle on the top or handles on the sides and a rim at the bottom for

easy handling

Vegetable & Fruit

Markets

Provide large containers, which match with transportation system of thelocal body.

Shop keepers not to dispose of the waste in front of their shops or openspaces.

Deposit the waste as and when generated into the large container placed in

the market.

Meat & fish markets

Not to throw any waste in front of their shops or open spaces around. Keepnon-corrosive container/containers not exceeding 100-litre capacity with lid

handle and the rim at the bottom and deposit the waste in the said

containers as and when generated. Transfer the contents of this container into a large container provided bythe association.

Street food vendors

Not to throw any waste on the street, pavement or open spaces. Keep bin orbag for the storage of waste that generates during street vending activity

Preferably have arrangements to affix the bin or bag with the handcartused for vending.

Marriage halls,

community halls,

kalyanamandapas

Not to throw any solid waste in their neighbourhood, on the streets, openspaces, and vacant lands, into the drains or water bodies.

Provide a large container with lid which may match with the transportationsystem of the local body and deposit all the waste generated in the premises

in such containers.


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Some items that can be recycled or reused

Paper

Old copies Old books Paper bags Newspapers Old greeting cards Cardboard box

Plastic

Containers Bags Sheets

Glass and ceramics

Bottles Plates Cups Bowls

Miscellaneous

Old cans Utensils Clothes Furniture


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ROLE OF NGOs

During the recent years, NGOs (non-governmental organizations) have taken up

initiatives to work with local residents to improve sanitation. They have been

playing an active role in organizing surveys and studies in specified disciplines

of social and technological sciences. In the field of garbage management, such

studies are useful in identifying areas of commercial potentials to attract privateentrepreneurs. They can play an important role in segregation of waste, its

collection and handling over to local authorities.

A large number of NGOs are working in the field of solid waste management

such as Clean Ahmedabad Abhiyan, Ahmedabad, Waste-Wise, Bangalore,

Exnora, Chennai, Mumbai Environmental Action Group, Mumbai, and

Vatavaran and Srishti in Delhi. They are all successfully creating awareness

among the citizens about their rights and responsibilities towards solid waste

and the cleanliness of their city. These organizations promote environmental

education and awareness in schools and involve communities in the

management of solid waste.

The NGO programmes:

q Create mass awareness, ensuring public participation in segregation of recyclable material and storage of waste at

source.

q Provide employment through organizing door-to-door collection of waste.

q Ensure public participation in community based primary collection system.

q Encourage minimization of waste through in-house backyard composting, vermicomposting and biogas

generation.

Urban poverty is inextricably linked with waste. In India alone, over a million people find livelihood opportunities

in the area of waste; they are engaged in waste collection (popularly known as rag picking) and recycling through

well-organized systems. Substantial populations of urban poor in other developing countries also earn their

livelihood through waste. It is important to understand issues of waste in this context. The informal sector dealing

with waste is engaged in various types of work like waste picking, sorting, and recycling at the organized level,

door-to-door collection, composting and recycling recovery.


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ROLE OF POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS

Since the disposal of municipal solid wastes poses problems of the

pollution and health hazards, the Pollution Control Boards are

expected to take action for persuading the civic authorities in proper

management of municipal solid wastes. Though, direct responsibilityof management of solid wastes is on the local municipal authorities,

the Pollution Control Boards need to have close linkage with local

authorities in rendering assistance in terms of carrying out necessary

surveys and providing technological back-up. The Central Pollution

Control Board and the State Pollution Control Boards at the national

and state levels are to disseminate information and create awareness

among the concerned authorities and public at large.

Action Taken

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) within the given

powers to them under relevant Acts and Rules have been attempting to persuade local bodies to take appropriate

measures for the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage and municipal solid waste.

Directions

In order to initiate a systematic approach on proper management of municipal waste (sewage and solid), CPCB

issued directions to all SPCBS under section 18 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

Follow-ups on Directions

In compliance to the directions of the CPCB and through initiatives of SPCBs some actions have been taken. Also

SPCBs have issued notices to local bodies in the states/ UTs and impressed upon them to take proper measures.

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO REDUCE SOLID WASTE

Carry your own cloth or jute bag when you go shopping. Say no to all plastic bags as far as possible. Reduce the use of paper bags also. (reason?) Reuse the soft drinks poly bottles for storing water. Segregate the waste in the housekeep two garbage bins and see to it that the biodegradable and the non

biodegradable is put into separate bins and dispose off separately. Dig a compost pit in your garden and put all the bio degradable into it. See to it that all garbage is thrown into the municipal bin as the collection is generally done from there. When you go out do not throw paper and other wrappings or even leftover food here and there, make sure

that it is put in the correct place that is into a dustbin.

Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets, drains, open spaces, water bodiesetc., Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source Community storage/collection of waste in flats, multi-storied buildings, societies, commercial complexes,

etc.

Managing excreta of pet dogs and cats appropriately. Waste processing/disposal at a community level (optional). Pay adequately for the services provided. Public education.


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COMPANY PROFILE

GROUP HISTORY

A2Z is one of the fast growing enterprises on the Indian business horizon. Initially

The Group began its operations in Facility Management Services (FMS) and laterentered the Engineering Procurement & Construction (EPC) business, in the fiscal

year 2008. The EPC business got its intensity with the acquisition of Sri Eswara

Sai Construction Private Limited, a company registered in the year 2007 engaged

in the installation of transmission lines, which was subsequently merged with and

into the Company, in January 2008. To enhance our business focus and streamline

operations, the Company transferred its FMS business to its wholly-owned

subsidiary, A2Z Infraservices in the same year pursuant to a court-approved

scheme of demerger. In August 2009, we further consolidated our presence in theFMS segment through the acquisition of Imatek.

Our capabilities in the EPC business were further strengthened in May 2010, when

we executed a business transfer agreement to purchase the entire business of

Surendra Choudhary & Brothers, a partnership firm, constituted in the year 2006

engaged in the business of construction of electrical sub-stations and railway

electrification work.

Reckoned as a one of the leading EPC Business Enterprise among the public and

private sector giants, we have earned an enviable reputation of delivering 360

degrees solutions of unparalleled, international standards. The timely executions of

complex projects, backed by a highly motivated, cohesive workforce that works

seamlessly on the state-of-the-art technology platform, has lead the group to

become one of the most versatile business groups. Over the years The Group has


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also commanded prominent presence as Municipal Solid Waste Management

(MSW), Facility Management Services (FMS) and Biomass Power Companies of

the country.

Our near 100% client retention record, strong clientele and alliances across

businesses, consultants, robust financial performance, strong banking support and

our turnover of Rs.1345 crores, demonstrates the keen business acumen and

remarkable foresight of the experienced and award winning A2Z Management. In

addition, financial, managerial support and experience of our investors has fostered

our business and its executing strategy.

The Group has following eight Business Segments:

Power EPC Telecom EPC Renewable Power Generation MSW FMS & Security Solutions Power IT Application Water & Waste Water Management E WasteThese businesses are further executed by the following Group

Companies, under A2Z Maintenance & Engineering Services:

A2Z Infraservices LimitedIt provides back-end management services for efficient functioning of shopping

malls, airport, multiplexes, corporate and business establishments like

housekeeping services, security services etc., and upkeep of railway trains and

stations to provide transportation services.


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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mr. Surender Kumar Tuteja,

Chairman

Mr. Amit Mittal,

Managing Director

Ms. Dipali Mittal,

Whole-time Director

Mr. Manish Gupta,

Non-independent and Non-executive Director
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Mr. Brij Raj Singh,

Non-independent and Non-executive Director

Mr. Gaurav Mathur,Non-independent and Non-executive Director

Mr. Vinod Sagar Wahi,

Independent and Non-executive Director

Mr. Rajeev Thakore,

Independent and Non-executive Director
http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director6http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director6http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director7http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director7http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director8http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director8http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director9http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director9http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.htmlhttp://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director9http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director8http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director7http://a2zgroup.co.in/boardOfDirectors.html#director6


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ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

Mr. Supratim Banerjee,

Alternate Director
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MR AMIT MITTAL - MANAGING DIRECTOR

Customer is supreme, so deploy resources smartly aiming

impeccable execution of Projects that in turn generates customerdelight

The ongoing commitment of A2Z Group is to provide its clientele, highest quality

of services and solutions. At A2Z its our policy to ensure absolute satisfaction of

our client, now and forever.

Being a Customer Centric Business Enterprise, we abide by high sense of integrity

towards all, our Clients, Consultants, Employees and other Stakeholders. We are

also committed to future investment in people through training, development and

technology, which equips us to learn, grow and improve constantly and further

enables us to offer quality services to our clients.

With an ambition to be one of the Top companies, we have and will always

endeavour to fulfill agreed upon Contractual Performance Parameters, High Level


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of Quality Inputs and Maximum Safety of Site Personnels. We also believe that it

is equally important to have the wining culture, operating in the highest standards

of ethics and values, which gives us the impetus to strive for and deliver excellence

in customer services.

Best is yet to come...


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KEY MANAGERIAL PERSONNEL

The key managerial personnel of the Company, other than the Executive

Directors are shown below:

GROUP CORPORATE STRUCTURE


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TURNOVER FOR PAST YEARS


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GROUP COMPANIES

A2Z Maintenance & Engineering Services Ltd.A2Z Maintenance & Engineering Services Ltd. is a fast growing, fully integrated Electrical

Business Group (EBG) in India catering to the needs of domestic and international power sector

clients in building Distribution & Transmission Infrastructure.

A strong player in Distribution EPC, we offer smart energy saving solutions and innovative ways

of reducing Transmission & Distribution losses, while constantly exploring newer methods to

preserve our depleting eco-system.

The Company has successfully executed challenging projects in difficult terrains and extreme

weather conditions in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh,

Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Orissa, Kerala and Bihar. Our quality management system in the EPC

business (T&D) is ISO 9001:2008 certified by Moody International Certification, which is valid

until February 2013

A2Z InfrastructureCreating a Cleaner Climate is a mission everyone at A2Z is dedicated to and that is why forays

have been planned into the space of Municipal Solid Waste management and Renewable Energy.

As one of the leading Indian Waste Management companies, we are proud of setting up the

biggest, single location Integrated Resource Recovery Facility (IRRF) in Asia as well as setting

up one of the first IRRF with ESCO focus.

We have pioneered the concept of IRRF right from C&T (collection and transportation) to P&D

(processing and disposal) by utilizing all items that have not remained useful in their present

form any longer. In India, so far, the projects are being done piece meal. While C&T is doneseparately by different agencies, P&D is managed by the government through outsourcing

model.

A2Z InfraservicesA2Z Infraservices Limited is an integrated solution provider for all aspects of asset management services - from

identification of an asset to its lifetime maintenance. We provide innovative, customised and cost-effective solutions

to our clients by using latest technology, best-in-class services and dedicated in-house professionals across all levels.

Today we are the foremost Indian company in the industry with a clientele that compromises MNCs, Indian

Companies and the large Government sector.

Whatever service you provide, big or small, if you render it from the bottom of your heart, it shows. And sinceinception, we have always strived to give that extra to delight our clients. Because we care for our client's business,

we care for our client's preciois infrastructure and we care for our client's most valuable assets - people. And through

painstaking application of our values, we deliver value to our more than 500 clients. If today we have 100% track

record in client retention, it's a testimony to our work philosophy.


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OUR CLIENTS

CLIENTELE

EPC


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Infra Services


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MSW


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Renewable Energy

Power IT


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After analysing the research design we are used the both descriptive and exploratory research

design because it based on the real figure and fact and that research are also helpful in the

analysis of the data and selection is based on my convinces.

SAMPLING DESIGN:-

A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from given population. It refers to the

technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the

Sample. Sample design which should be reliable and appropriate for his research study.

TYPE OF SAMPLE DESIGN:-


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SAMPLING USED IN THIS RESEARCH:-

The sampling used in this research process is Non probability sampling and convenience

Sampling. Because it is more convenient for me because the biasness is included and is

also helpful in analysis of the questionnaire.

SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size used in the research is the 100 respondent .Generally the respondent from the

Lucknow region.

SAMPLING AREA

The sampling areas are used in Lucknow. In the Lucknow we are used the different places

Like Gomti Nagar, Old lucknow, Hazratganj, Charbagh and Alambagh,etc.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

The data collection means collect the data for the study for using the different types of resources.

TYPES OF DATA COLLECTION:-

There are two types of the data collection:

PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA

PRIMARY DATA:-

Primary data are those data is collected in first time through the Observation, Interview, and

Questionnaires.


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TYPES OFCOLLECTION OF PRIMARY DATA:-

Observation Method Interview Method Questionnaires MethodFor the purpose of data collection I have adopted open-ended and structured

questions in the questionnaire.

SECONDARY DATA:-

Secondary Data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have

Already been collected and analysed by someone else.

COLLECTION OFSECONDARY DATA:-

Through internet Through newspaper Through magazine Through TV

THE DATA USED IN THE RESEARCH;-

In this research process we have use the both primary and secondary data. Because I used the

questionnaire method of the research and in the secondary data used the internet Magazines,

newspapers, TV etc.


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PRIMARY DATA:-

In the primary data we have used the questionnaire method. Because it more convenient for me

and the analysis of the questionnaire is easy as compare to other.

QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD:-

In this method a questionnaire is sent to the person concerned with a request to answer the

questions and return the questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions

Printed or typed in a definite order on a form or set of forms. The respondents have to answer

the question on their own knowledge and belief.

SECONDARY DATA:-

In the secondary method of data collection we have collect the information through the

magazines, newspapers, internet, etc.

In this research I have used both the primary and secondary data.


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DATA ANALYSIS

(1) Do you have idea of solid waste management?

S.No. Topic Percentage (%)

1 Yes 70

2 No 30

70%

30%

Yes No


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(2) Do you have solid waste as a problem in A2Z?


1 Yes 80

2 No 20

80%

20%

Yes No


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(3) What is your opinion about the sweepers of A2Z?


1 Satisfactory 75

2 Non-satisfactory 25

75%

25%

Satisfactory Non-satisfactory


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(4) What is your opinion about solid waste disposal in A2Z?


1 Satisfactory 80


80%

20%



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(5) What is your opinion about solid waste treatment in A2Z?


1 Satisfactory 60


60%

40%



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(6) What is your opinion about the solid waste management system of A2Z?


1 Satisfactory 70


70%

30%



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(7) How many times waste is disposed off from your home?


1 Once 30

2 Thrice 70

30%

70%

Once Thrice


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(8) Do you reuse waste items?


1 Yes 90

2 No 10

90%

10%

Yes No


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(9) Who cleans the streets, garbage drums and drains?


1 Sweeper 80

2 Others 20

80%

20%

Sweeper Others


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(11) Do you feel any dirtiness in the streets due to solid waste?


1 Yes 90

2 No 10

90%

10%

Yes No


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FINDINGS

70% respondents said idea of solid waste management. 80% respondents said solid waste as a problem in A2Z. 75% respondents opinion about the sweepers of A2Z is satisfactory. 80% respondents said opinion about solid waste disposal in A2Z is

satisfactory.

60% respondents said solid waste treatment in A2Z is satisfactory. 70% respondents said solid waste management system of A2Z is satisfactory


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12.Residents in apartments can bring the matter in association meeting and conduct an awarenessprogram.

13.Dumping kitchen waste in sink consumes more water and cause a bigger trouble for you and yourfamily.

14.New garbage collector may not be aware of proper segregation of waste. Ensure garbagecollectors and garbage contractors know importance of waste segregation.

15.Lack of volunteers or shortage of volunteer is one of the main constraints for its failure. Thereshould be at least one member for one block or apartment complex


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Research Methodology (Kothari C.R.)

Principles Of Marketing (Kotler Philip)

Marketing Management (Armstrong Grey)

Websites:

www.a2z.com

www.googe.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.economywatch.com
http://www.aimt.edu.in/http://www.aimt.edu.in/http://www.googe.com/http://www.googe.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.economywatch.com/http://www.economywatch.com/http://www.economywatch.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.googe.com/http://www.aimt.edu.in/


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QUESTIONNAIRE

(1) Do you have idea of solid waste management?

1. Yes

2. No

(2) Do you have solid waste as a problem in A2Z?

1. Yes

2. No

(3) What is your opinion about the sweepers of A2Z?

1. Satisfactory

2. Non-satisfactory

(4) What is your opinion about solid waste disposal in A2Z?

1. Satisfactory

2. Non-satisfactory

(5) What is your opinion about solid waste treatment in A2Z?

1. Satisfactory

2. Non-satisfactory


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(6) What is your opinion about the solid waste management system of A2Z?

1. Satisfactory

2. Non-satisfactory

(7) How many times waste is disposed off from your home?

1. Once

2. Twice

3. Thrice

(8) Do you reuse waste items?

1. Yes

2. No

(9) If yes, then which things you reuse?

(10) Who cleans the streets, garbage drums and drains?

1. Sweeper

2. Others


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(11) Do you feel any dirtiness in the streets due to solid waste?

1. Yes

2. No

(12) Give suggestions to improve the present solid waste management condition of

A2Z.

a2z Company Profile

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