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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$

Week$4$$

FLOOR(SYSTEMS(AND(HORIZONTAL(ELEMENTS(

Structural$Concepts:$Span$and$Spacing,$Beams$and$Cantilevers$Construction$System:$Floor$and$Framing$Systems$Material:$Concrete,$InEsitu$Concrete,$PreEcast$Concrete$Studio:$How$to$read,$scale$and$draw$from$the$construction$documentation$set$!! !

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Structural!Concepts!!Beams!and!cantilevers!!

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Construction!System!!Concrete!System!!Cast3in3place!concrete! floor!slabs!are!classified!according! to! their!span!and!cast! form.!Pre3cast!concrete!planks!may!be!supported!by!beams!or!loadbearing!walls.!!!Steel!System!!Steel!beams!can!be!used!to!support!steel!decking!or!precast!concrete!planks.!

!Steel!Skeleton!frame!system!3!Open!webbed!joist!for!flooring!Allow!water!pipes!to!be!carried!through,!in!between!the!‘webs’.!An!example!of!good!efficiency!use!of!steel!where!cost!can!be!decreased.!!!Timber!System!!Wood! beam! support! structural! and! planking! or! decking.! Comparatively! small,! closely! spaced! joists!may! be! supported! by! beams! or!loadbearing!walls.!Subflooring,!underlayment,!and!applied!ceiling!finishes!have!relatively!short!spans.!Joist!framing!is!flexible!in!shape!and!form.!!

Floor!Framing!3!!Timber! floor! framing! systems! use! a! combination! of! bearers,! which! are! primary!beams!and!joists,!which!are!secondary!beams.!

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Lecture!!Review!on!knowledge!map!and!more!information!about!the!foundation,!flooring!system.!The!structure!and!components!of!the!new!building!of!the!Bachelor!of!Environments!are!being!introduced.!For!the!basement,!concrete!wall!are!being!used!as!the!structural!walls!and!retaining!walls!are!being!used!to!divide!the!spaces!on!the!basement!level.!It!is!fully!glazed!with!bricks!across!the!back.!The!outside!of!the!building!is!designed!with!irregular!geometry!and!detailed!on!its!features!such!as!how!the!windows!are!being!designed!with!back!and!forth.!A!cantilever!can!be!found!at!the!backside!of!the!building!with!9!meters!long.!It!was!being!built!based!on!sketch!plans!from!2!dimensions!to!3!dimensions.!Computer!speed!up!the!whole!collaboration!process.!!In!Studio!!The!‘Scale,!Annotation!and!Working!Drawing!Conventions’!activity!was!mainly!based!on!the!Oval!Pavilion! Case! Study!Building! construction! documentation! set.!We!were! divided! into! 3! groups!and! each! group!was! given! a! page! to!mark!down! the! required! answer! from! the!worksheet.!At!first,!we!did!not!have!any!clues!on!how!to!read!it,!however,!we!did!managed!to!get!some!of!the!answers!after!tutor’s!advise.!!!!Comparing! the! information! in!my! drawing! set! and! the! things! that! I! observed! on! site,! lots! of!details!of!the!buildings!can!be!hardly!seen,!despite!it!is!bounded!by!protection!boards,!but!also!some! are! being! built! under! the! building! or! the! internal! side! of! the! building.! Such! as! the!foundations!and! footing!of! the!buildings.!Or!maybe! it’s! too!high! to! see! such!as! the! roof!of! the!buildings.!The!scale!is!much!larger!of!the!actual!building!than!the!scale!of!drawings.!Imagine!the!actual! scale! from! the! drawings! is! possible! where! calculation! would! be! involved.! The!architectural!drawings!show!present!the!building!in!a!more!artistic!way!and!allow!the!readers!to!imagine! the!picture!of! the!whole!buildings,!while!brief!structural!elements!and!measurements!are! presented.! On! the! other! hand,! structural! drawings! are! much! précised! with! the! building!elements!where!most!of!them!are!measurements!and!the!material!codes!that!would!be!used.!!!!!!

Glossary!!Bearers!–!The!horizontal!structural!member!with!load!supporting,!primary!beams!!Cantilevers!–!Carry!loads!along!the!length!of!the!member!and!transfer!these!loads!to!the!support!!Concrete!Plank!–!Used!as!a!structural!flooring!system!!Formwork!–!Used!as!a!temporary!support!for!wet!concrete!to!set!until!it!turns!hard!!Gauge!–!the!thickness,!size!or!capacity!of!the!element!!Girder!–!The!main!beams!of!the!supporting!beams!!In3site!concrete!–!Any!concrete!element!that!has!been!poured!into!formwork!and!cured!on!the!building!site!!Joist!–!A!horizontal!member!that!supports!between!foundations,!walls!or!beams!in!order!to!support!the!ceiling!or!floor!!Shotcrete!–!Concrete!that!are!sprayed!into!place!through!a!pressure!hose!!Sill!plate!–!Attached!to!the!bottom!of!the!wall!or!building!!Spacing!–!The!repeating!distance!between!a!series!of!like/similar!elements!!Span!–!The!distance!measured!between!two!structural!supports!!!Steel!decking!–!A!flooring!system!that!is!made!of!steel!!Stumps!–!Used!as!a!footing!used!for!vertical!support!and!transfer!load!to!the!foundation!!Pre3cast!Concrete!–!Any!concrete!that!has!been!fabricated!in!a!controlled!environment!then!transport!to!site!for!installation!

References!!Ching,!F.D.K.!2008,!Building(Construction(Illustrated,!John!Willey!&!Sons,!Inc.,!United!States!of!America.!!!!Newton,!C.!(2014,!25!March)!W04_m1!CONCRETE![Video!file]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1M19C25MLU&feature=youtu.be!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$

Week$5$$

COLUMNS,(GRIDS(AND(WALL(SYSTEMS(

Structural$Concepts:$Short$and$Long$Columns,$Frames$Construction$Systems:$Walls,$Grids$and$Columns,$Wall$Systems$Materials:$From$wood$to$timber,$Timber$properties$and$considerations,$engineered$timer$products$Lecture:$More$on$the$new$building$of$Bachelor$of$Environments$In$studio:$Models$making$based$on$the$Oval$Pavilion$construction$!! !

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Structural(Concepts(!!More!on!frames!–!Frames!with!different!joints!!

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Lecture(!More!details! of! the!new!buildings!of! the!Bachelor!of!Environment!had!been! introduced.!A!pre>cast! façade!had!been! installed!on! the!building!with!clean!white!wash!sand.!Grinders!are!used!as!polishing.!Suspended!slabs!and!beams!were!used!and!huge!spans!to!support!it!without!columns.!A!hanging!studio!is!included!inside!the!building.!It!is!a!steel!frame!structure!hanging!off!the!beams.!Y!stairs!are!being!introduced!as!well.!Structural!steel!was!being!used!for!the!roof!as!to!support!glazed!atrium!roof!and!LVL!roof!beams.!!In(Studio((Measurement!took!us!a!very!long!time!to!deal!with!also!identifying!the!elements!took!us!a!period!of!time!too.!We!started!with!the!based!first.!(

(Slabs!are!being!used!as!a!base!of! the!model!with!plasticboards!and!walls!which!are!plywood,!were!being! installed! in!beween! the! slabs!with!white!glue.!!!((!!!!!!!!!! !!

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Plywood(board((

Plastic(Boards((

Being(connected(with(White(glue(

Bearer!Load!Path!

Floors!are!being!laid!on!the!slabs,!by!using!cardboards.!!!Due!to!time!limitation!we!failed!to!finish!to!whole!structure!during!the!studio!section.!!We!took!a!look!at!other!group’s!work!as!well.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!The!photo!on!the!left!is!one!of!the!works!from!one!of!the!group.!It!is!an!open>web!structure,!with! two!columns! to!support.! !The!middle!column!is!the!fix!support!for!the!cantilever.!!!!!

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Columns!!

Open>web!structure! Cantilever!

Another! group’s!work!made! a!model! based! on! the! part! of! the!foundation! of! the! building.! Stumps,! slabs! and! a! wall! is! being!presented! in! the! model.! Plywood! is! the! main!material! for! the!model!and!pin!nails!are!for!combining!all!the!pieces!together.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Wall!Slabs!

Stumps!

Glossary((!Axial!Load!–!Is!a!force!acting!along!the!lines!of!axis!of!an!object!!Buckling!–!A!force!leading!to!failure!!Columns!–!A!structural!member!to!support!compressive!load!applied!to!the!end!of!members!!Lintel!–!A!load>bearing!building!components,!can!be!seen!at!the!top!of!the!doors!or!windows!!LVL!–!Laminated!Veneer!Lumber!–!An!engineered!wood!product,!using!multiple!layers!of!thin!wood!!MDF!–!Medium!Density!Fireboard!–!An!engineered!wood!product!made!by!broke!down!hardwood!or!soft!wood!pieces!into!wood!fibers!!Nogging!–!Filling!in>between!wall!framing!in!buildings!!Seasoned!Timber!–!The!process!of!drying!water!out!of!timber!!Stud!–!Allow!laths!and!plasterboard!to!nail!it!through!the!timber!!!!!!!!!!!!!

References(!!Ching,!F.D.K.!2008,!Building(Construction(Illustrated,!John!Willey!&!Sons,!Inc.,!United!States!of!America.!!!!Newton,!C.(2014,!1!April)!W05_m1!From!Wood!to!Timber![Video!file]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be!!Newton,!C.(2014,!1!April)!W05_m2!Timber!Properties!and!Considerations![Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul0r9OGkA9c&feature=youtu.be!

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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$

W6$

SPANNING(&(ENCLOSING(SPACE(

Structural$Concepts:$Trusses,$Plates$&$Grids$$Construction$Systems:$Roofing$Strategies$and$systems$Materials:$Introduction$to$metals,$Ferrous$metal,$NonIFerous$Metal$In$Studio:$Presentation$of$A02$Interim$Presentation$$!

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Structural!System!!

Trusses!

A!truss!is!a!structural!frame!based!on!the!geometric!rigidity!of!the!triangle!and!composed!of!linear!member!subject!only!to!axial!tension!

or!compression!

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A!truss!must!be!loaded!at!panel!joints!if!the!members!are!to!be!subject!only!to!axial!tension!or!compression!

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Plates!

Plate!can!be!envisioned!as!a!series!of!adjacent!beam!strips!interconnected!continuously!along!their!lengths.!!

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Construction!System!!

Roof!

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Trusses!Roof!!

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Portal!Frames:!!A!series!of!braced!rigid!frames!with!purlins!for!the!roof!and!girts!for!the!walls.!The!walls!and!roof!are!usually!finished!

with!sheet!metal!

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Materials!!

Wrought!Iron:!Is!formed!when!iron!is!heated!and!hammered!into!the!desire!shape.!Widely!used!in!bars!for!windows!and!doors!and!for!

decorate!elements!

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Cast!Iron:!Formed!when!iron!is!malted!and!the!molten!metal!is!poured!into!molds!to!cool.!As!part!of!this!process,!cast!iron!acquires!a!

very!high!compressive!strength.!Rarely!used!in!contemporary!construction,!due!to!its!weight!and!brittleness.!Only!use!for!compression!

element,!such!as!columns.!

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In!Studio!!

Presentation!took!place!and!knowledge!maps!are!being!represented!as!follows.!

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Glossary!!

Alloy!–!A!mixture!of!two!or!more!materials!

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Cantilever!–!The!overhanging!part!with!oneHend!fixed!support!

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Eave!–!The!bottom!edge!of!the!roof!

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Gutters!–!A!narrow!duct!which!collects!rainwater!and!divert!it!into!drainage!pipes!to!keep!water!being!penetrate!through!the!house!

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Portal!frame!–!A!method!of!building!and!designing!structure!

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Purlin!–!Horizontal!structural!member!of!the!roof!

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Rafter!–!Beams!for!the!roof!

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Soffit!–!The!underside!of!a!construction!element!

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Top!Chord!–!The!top!beam!of!the!truss!

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Reference!!

Ching,!F.D.K.!2008,!Building(Construction(Illustrated,!John!Willey!&!Sons,!Inc.,!United!States!of!America.!!!

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Newton,!C.!(2014,!9!April) W06_m2!Ferrous!Metals[Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQy3IyJyHis&feature=youtu.be!

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Newton,!C.!(2014,!9!April)!W06_m1!Introduction!to!Metals![Video!file]!

Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RttS_wgXGbI&feature=youtu.be!

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Newton,!C.!(2014,!9!April)!W06_m3!Non!Ferrous!Metals![Video!File]!

Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDtxb7Pgcrw&feature=youtu.be!

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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$

Week$7$$

DETAILING(STRATEGIES(1(

Structural$Concepts:$Arches,$Domes$&$Shells$Construction$Systems:$Detailing$Head$and$Moisture,$Moisture$&$Thermal$Protection$Materials:$Rubber,$Plastics,$Paints$o No$Studio$Session!

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!Structural!Systems!!Arches:!Curved!feature!is!designed!to!support!vertical!loads!by!axial!compression!primarily.!They!transform!the!vertical!load!primarily!by!axial!compression! through! transferring! vertical! forces! of! a! supported! load! into! inclined! components! and! transmit! them! to! abutments! on!either!side!of!the!archway.!

!Domes:!Is!a!spherical!surface!with!a!circular!plan.!Mainly!constructed!with!rigid!materials.!The!circumferential!forces!are!developed,!which!is!compressive!near!the!crown!and!tensional!in!the!lower!position.!Meridional!forces!and!hoop!forces!are!explained!through!graphs.!!!!Tension!rings!encircles!the!base!of!a!dome!to!contain!the!outward!components!of!the!meridional!forces.!!!!Shell:!They! are! thin! with! curved! plate! structure,! constructed! of! reinforced! concrete.! Their! shape! enable! applied! transmitted! force! by!membrane!stresses!where!the!compressive,! tension!and!shear!stresses!acting! in! the!plan!of! the!surfaces.!Large! forces!can!be!applied!uniformly.!Concentrated!loads!are!not!suitable!due!to!its!thinness!where!is!has!little!bending!resistance.!!!!

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!Construction!Systems!!Moisture:!

!Flashing!is!used!to!carry!away!the!rainwater!from!the!building!through!gravity.!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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In!order!to!prevent!water!reaching!and!entering!the!building,!a!breaking!point!of!the!surface!of!the!wall!allow!the!surface!tension!of!the!water!stops!and!the!water!is!release!in!drip!form!!!!

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Since!water! is!pumped! from!high!pressure! to! low!pressure,! using! air!pressure!differential! strategy!prevent!water! from!entering! the!building!as!well.!Rain!screen!assembles!where!air!barrier!is!introduced!on!the!internal!side!of!the!labyrinth.!A!ventilated!and!drained!Pressure!Equaliasation!Chamber!(PEC)!is!created.!Resulting!in!water!is!no!longer!‘pumped’!to!the!inside!of!assembly.!!

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Glossary!!Building!Envelope!–!Physical!separators!between!conditioned!and!external!environment!of!the!building!such!as!air,!water!and!heat!!Capping!–!The!covering!of!the!roof!in!order!to!divert!water!out!of!the!house,!prevent!penetration!!!Control!Joints!–!Being!placed!in!concrete!slabs!allow!cracking!!EPMD!–!A!synthetic!plastic!which!is!mainly!used!in!gaskets!and!control!joints)!!Gaskets!–!Mechanical!sealing!for!two!or!more!spaces!on!the!surfaces!in!order!to!prevent!leakage!from!under!compression!!Labyrinth!–!A!maze!structure!like!!Neoprene!T!A!synthetic!plastic,!which!is!mainly!sued!in!control!joints!!Opacity!–!The!degree!of!light,!which!cannot!be!allowed!to!go!through!!Sealants!–!A!material!has!little!or!no!flow!characteristics,!which!penetrates!the!substrate!through!capillary!action!!Threshold!T!The!sill!of!the!door!!!!!!!!!

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References!!Ching,!F.D.K.!2008,!Building(Construction(Illustrated,!John!Willey!&!Sons,!Inc.,!United!States!of!America.!!!Contraction/Control(Joints,!accessed!27!April!2014,!http://www.cement.org/forTconcreteTbooksTlearning/concreteTtechnology/concreteTconstruction/contractionTcontrolTjointsTinTconcreteTflatwork!!Newton,!C.(2014,!15!April)!W07_m3!Paints![Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrydR4LA5e0&feature=youtu.be!!Newton,!C.(2014,!15!April)!W07_m2!Plastics![Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pfnCtUOfy4&feature=youtu.be!!Newton,!C.(2014,!15!April)!W07_m1!Rubber[Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPhjDijdf6I&feature=youtu.be!!!