A01 LARS3638 07 GCM FMA - media.pearsoncmg.comof data differ from one calculator to another. Some of...

GRAPHING CALCULATOR MANUAL

KATHLEEN MCLAUGHLIN

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS: PICTURING THE WORLD

SEVENTH EDITION

Ron Larson The Pennsylvania State University

The Behrend College

Betsy Farber Bucks County Community College

The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author. Copyright © 2019, 2015, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson, 330 Hudson Street, NY NY 10013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-468363-8 ISBN-10: 0-13-468363-3

iii

Contents:

Larson/Farber Elementary Statistics:

Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Getting Started with the TI-84/83 Graphing Calculator iii-vi

1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Technology Generating Random Numbers

35-37

5

Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics Section 2.1: Example 7 Constructing a Histogram Exercise 31 Section 2.2 Example 5 Constructing a Pareto Chart Try It Yourself 6 Constructing a Scatterplot Example 7 Constructing a Time Series Chart Exercise 28 Exercise 30 Exercise 32 Section 2.3 Example 6 Comparing the Mean, Median, and Mode Example 7 Finding a Weighted Mean Example 8 Finding the Mean of a Frequency Distribution Exercise 23 Exercise 51 Exercise 55 Exercise 65 Section 2.4 Example 4 Finding the Mean and Standard Deviation Example 8 Standard Deviation of Grouped Data Exercise 45 Section 2.5 Example 2 Finding Quartiles Example 4 Drawing a Box-and Whisker Plot Exercise 18 Technology Parking Tickets

48 52

59 60 61 64 65 65

70 71 72 75 78 79 80

86 90 98

103 105 109 123

12 17

19 21 22 23 24 25

26 28 30 32 34 36 37

38 39 40

41 42 43 44

iv


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Chapter 3 Probability Section 3.1 Law of Large Numbers Section 3.2 Exercise 40 Section 3.4 Example 1 Finding the Number of Permutations Example 3 More Permutations Example 4 Distinguishable Permutations Example 5 Finding the Number of Combinations Example 7 Finding Probabilities Exercise 50 Technology Composing Mozart Variations

136

156

168 169 170 171 173 177 187

45

47

48 49 49 50 50 51 52

Chapter 4 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 4.1 Example 5 Mean of a Probability Distribution Example 6 The Variance and Standard Deviation Section 4.2 Example 4 Binomial Probabilities Example 7 Graphing Binomial Distributions Exercise 21 Section 4.3 Example 1 The GeometricDistribution Example 2 The Poisson Distribution Exercise 12 Technology Poisson Distributions as Queuing Models

194 195

205 208 211

216 217 220 231

54 55

56 58 59

60 61 62 63

Chapter 5 Normal Probability Distributions Section 5.2 Example 3 Normal Probabilities Exercise 8 Section 5.3 Example 4 Finding a specific data value Exercise 31 Section 5.4 Example 4 Probabilities for a sampling distribution

Example 6 Finding Probabilities for X and Exercise 35 Technology Age Distribution In the United States

248 249

255 258

266 268 272 293

65 67

69 71

72 73 74 75

v


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals Section 6.1 Example 4 Confidence Interval for ( known) Example 5 Confidence interval for ( known) Exercise 45 Section 6.2 Example 3 Confidence Interval for ( un known) Exercise 35 Exercise 38 Section 6.3 Example 2 Confidence Interval for p Example 3 Confidence Interval for p Exercise 25 Technology Most Admired Polls

302 303 307

313 317 317

322 323 327 343

77 79 80

81 82 83

84 85 86 87

Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample Section 7.2 Example 4 Hypothesis Testing using a P-value Example 5 Hypothesis Testing using a P-value Exercise 31 Exercise 35 Exercise 42 Section 7.3 Example 6 Using P-values with a T-Test Exercise 29 Exercise 31 Exercise 32 Section 7.4 Example 1 Hypothesis Testing for a Proportion Example 2 Hypothesis Testing for a Proportion Exercise 11 Section 7.5 Example 4 Hypothesis Testing for a Variance Technology The Case of the Vanishing Woman

366 367 375 375 376

382 385 385 385

389 390 391

397 413

88 89 90 91 92

93 94 95 96

97 98 99

100 101

vi


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual: Page:

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples Section 8.1 Example 3 Two Sample z-Test Exercise 15 Exercise 23 Exercise 29 Section 8.2 Example 1 Two Sample t-Test Example 2 Two Sample t-Test Exercise 17 Exercise 21 Exercise 24 Exercise 25 Section 8.3 Example 1 t-Test Difference between means (dependent) Exercise 10 Exercise 23 Section 8.4 Example 1 Testing the Difference between

1p and2p

Exercise 7 Exercise 23 Technology Tails over Heads

423 425 426 427

430 431 433 434 435 435

439 442 446

449 451 453 463

102 104 105 106

107 108 110 111 112 113

114 116 117

118 119 120 121

Chapter 9 Correlation and Regression Section 9.1 Example 3 Constructing a Scatter Plot Example 5 Finding the Correlation Coefficient Exercise 26 Section 9.2 Example 2 Finding a Regression Equation Exercise 17 Section 9.3 Example 2 Finding the Standard Error of Estimate Example 3 Constructing a Prediction Interval Exercise 13 Technology Lab Nutrients in Breakfast Cereals

472 475 483

488 491

501 503 505 523

123 124 126

129 133

136 139 141 144

Chapter 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution Section 10.2 Example 3 Chi-Square Independence Test Exercise 19 Section 10.3 Example 4 Performing a Two-Sample F-Test Exercise 25 Section 10.4 Example 2 Performing an ANOVA Test Exercise 5 Exercise 11 Technology Lab Teacher Salaries

541 544

554 556

563 565 567 579

145 147

148 149

150 152 153 154

vii

Introduction The TI-84/TI-83 Graphing Calculator Manual is one of a series of companion technology manuals that provide hands-on technology assistance to users of Larson/Farber Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 7th Edition. Detailed instructions for working selected examples, exercises, and technology sections from Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 7thEdition are provided in this manual. To make the correlation with the text as seamless as possible, the table of contents includes page references for both the Larson/Farber text and this manual.

Getting Started with the TI-84 and TI-83 Graphing Calculators

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

1

Getting Started with theTI-84 (and TI-83) Graphing Calculators

Overview This manual is designed to be used with the TI-84 and TI-83 families of Graphing Calculators. These calculators have a variety of useful functions for doing statistical calculations and for creating statistical plots. The commands for using the statistical functions are basically the same for the TI-83’s and TI-84’s. All TI-84 calculators, the TI-83 Plus Calculator and the TI-83 Silver Edition can receive a variety of software applications that are available through the TI website (www.ti.com). TI also will provide downloadable updates to the operating systems of these calculators. These features are not available on the TI-83. Many of the datasets that you will be using can be downloaded onto any of the TI-83 or TI-84 calculators from http://www.pearson.com/math-stats-resources. Locate your textbook by clicking on “L” since your textbook authors are Larson/Farber. Scroll down to find Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World. The requirements for the transfer of data differ from one calculator to another. Some of these calculators (TI-84’s and TI-83 Silver Edition) are sold with the necessary connection. For the TI-83 or TI-83 Plus, you can purchase a Graph Link manufactured by Texas Instruments which connects the calculator to the computer. (Note: In order to do examples in this manual, you can simply enter the data values for each example directly into your calculator. It is not necessary to use the graph link to download the data into your calculator. The download procedure using the computer link is an optional way of entering data.) Throughout this manual all instructions and screen shots use the TI-84/Plus CE. These instructions and screen shots are compatible with all the TI-84 and TI-83 calculators. The TI-84/Plus calculators come with a statistical mode: STAT WIZARDS. This mode is not available on the TI-83 or TI-84 calculators. To see if your calculator has the STAT WIZARDS option, press the z key and use the down arrow † to scroll through the options. Look for STAT WIZARDS as an option.

You have the choice to turn ON or turn OFF the STAT WIZARDS. This manual contains instructions for both options. If your calculator does not have the STAT WIZARDS option, you will simply follow instructions for doing calculations with the STAT WIZARD turned OFF. Before you begin using the TI-83 or TI-84 calculator, spend a few minutes becoming familiar with its basic operations. First, notice the different colored keys on the calculator. On the TI-84’s, the white keys are the number keys; the light colored keys on the right are the basic mathematical functions; the dark gray keys on the left are additional mathematical functions; the remaining dark gray keys are the advanced functions; the light colored keys just below the viewing screen are used to set up and display graphs, and the light colored arrow keys are used for moving the cursor around the viewing screen. On the TI-83’s, the white keys are the number keys; the blue keys on the right are the basic mathematical functions; the dark gray keys on the left are additional mathematical functions;



2

the remaining dark gray keys are the advanced functions; the blue keys just below the viewing screen are used to set up and display graphs, and the blue arrow keys are used for moving the cursor around the viewing screen. The primary function of each key is printed in white on the key. For example, when you press …, the STAT MENU is displayed.

The secondary function of each key is printed in blue on the TI-84’s (yellow on the TI-83’s) above the key. When you press the 2nd key (found in the upper left corner of the keys), the function printed above the key becomes active and the cursor changes from a solid rectangle to an (up-arrow). For example, when you press 2nd and the x 2

key, the function is activated.

The notation used in this manual to indicate a secondary function is ‘2nd’ followed by the name of the secondary function. For example, to use the LIST function, found above the … key, the notation used in this manual is 2nd [LIST]. The LIST MENU will then be activated and displayed on the screen.

The alpha function of each key is printed in green above the key. When you press the green ƒ key, the function printed in green above the key is activated and the cursor changes from a solid rectangle to A. In this manual you will find detailed explanations of the different statistical functions that are programmed into the TI-83 and TI-84 graphing calculators. These explanations will accompany selected examples from your textbook. This will give you the opportunity to learn the various calculator functions as they apply to the specific statistical material in each chapter. Getting Started To operate the calculator, press É in the lower left corner of the calculator. Begin each example with a blank screen, with a rectangular cursor flashing in the upper left corner. If you turn on your calculator and you do not have a blank screen, press the ‘ key. You may have to press ‘ a second time in order to clear the screen. If using the ‘ key does not clear the screen, you can push y [QUIT] (Note: QUIT is found above the z key) and press the ‘ key.



3

Helpful Hints To adjust the display contrast, push and release the 2nd key. Then push and hold the up arrow } to darken or the down arrow † to lighten. The calculator has an automatic turn off function that will turn the calculator off if it has been idle for several minutes. To restart, simply press the É key. There are several different graphing techniques available on the TI-83 and TI-84 calculators. If you inadvertently leave a graph on and attempt to use a different graphing function, your graph display may be cluttered with extraneous graphs, or you may get an ERROR message on the screen.

To avoid these graphing issues, there are several items that you should check before graphing anything. First, press the o key, found in the upper left corner of the key pad, and clear all the Y-variables. The screen should look like the following display:

If there are any functions stored in the Y-variables (as displayed here):

Simply move the cursor to the line that contains a function and press ‘ Í.



4

Next, press 2nd [STAT PLOT] (found on the o key) and check to make sure that all the STAT PLOTS are turned OFF.

If you notice that a Plot is turned ON, (in this display Plot1 is On): select the Plot by highlighting the number to the left of the Plot, pressing Í and moving the cursor to OFF.

Press Í. Press 2nd [QUIT] to return to the home screen. Now you are ready to get started with your calculator. Enjoy!!

iii

Contents:


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Getting Started with the TI-84/83 Graphing Calculator iii-vi

1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Technology Generating Random Numbers

35-37

5

Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics Section 2.1: Example 7 Constructing a Histogram Exercise 31 Section 2.2 Example 5 Constructing a Pareto Chart Try It Yourself 6 Constructing a Scatterplot Example 7 Constructing a Time Series Chart Exercise 28 Exercise 30 Exercise 32 Section 2.3 Example 6 Comparing the Mean, Median, and Mode Example 7 Finding a Weighted Mean Example 8 Finding the Mean of a Frequency Distribution Exercise 23 Exercise 51 Exercise 55 Exercise 65 Section 2.4 Example 4 Finding the Mean and Standard Deviation Example 8 Standard Deviation of Grouped Data Exercise 45 Section 2.5 Example 2 Finding Quartiles Example 4 Drawing a Box-and Whisker Plot Exercise 18 Technology Parking Tickets

48 52

59 60 61 64 65 65

70 71 72 75 78 79 80

86 90 98

103 105 109 123

12 17

19 21 22 23 24 25

26 28 30 32 34 36 37

38 39 40

41 42 43 44

iv


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Chapter 3 Probability Section 3.1 Law of Large Numbers Section 3.2 Exercise 40 Section 3.4 Example 1 Finding the Number of Permutations Example 3 More Permutations Example 4 Distinguishable Permutations Example 5 Finding the Number of Combinations Example 7 Finding Probabilities Exercise 50 Technology Composing Mozart Variations

136

156

168 169 170 171 173 177 187

45

47

48 49 49 50 50 51 52

Chapter 4 Discrete Probability Distributions Section 4.1 Example 5 Mean of a Probability Distribution Example 6 The Variance and Standard Deviation Section 4.2 Example 4 Binomial Probabilities Example 7 Graphing Binomial Distributions Exercise 21 Section 4.3 Example 1 The GeometricDistribution Example 2 The Poisson Distribution Exercise 12 Technology Poisson Distributions as Queuing Models

194 195

205 208 211

216 217 220 231

54 55

56 58 59

60 61 62 63

Chapter 5 Normal Probability Distributions Section 5.2 Example 3 Normal Probabilities Exercise 8 Section 5.3 Example 4 Finding a specific data value Exercise 31 Section 5.4 Example 4 Probabilities for a sampling distribution

Example 6 Finding Probabilities for X and Exercise 35 Technology Age Distribution In the United States

248 249

255 258

266 268 272 293

65 67

69 71

72 73 74 75

v


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual:

Page: Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals Section 6.1 Example 4 Confidence Interval for ( known) Example 5 Confidence interval for ( known) Exercise 45 Section 6.2 Example 3 Confidence Interval for ( un known) Exercise 35 Exercise 38 Section 6.3 Example 2 Confidence Interval for p Example 3 Confidence Interval for p Exercise 25 Technology Most Admired Polls

302 303 307

313 317 317

322 323 327 343

77 79 80

81 82 83

84 85 86 87

Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample Section 7.2 Example 4 Hypothesis Testing using a P-value Example 5 Hypothesis Testing using a P-value Exercise 31 Exercise 35 Exercise 42 Section 7.3 Example 6 Using P-values with a T-Test Exercise 29 Exercise 31 Exercise 32 Section 7.4 Example 1 Hypothesis Testing for a Proportion Example 2 Hypothesis Testing for a Proportion Exercise 11 Section 7.5 Example 4 Hypothesis Testing for a Variance Technology The Case of the Vanishing Woman

366 367 375 375 376

382 385 385 385

389 390 391

397 413

88 89 90 91 92

93 94 95 96

97 98 99

100 101

vi


Page:

The TI-84/83

Manual: Page:

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples Section 8.1 Example 3 Two Sample z-Test Exercise 15 Exercise 23 Exercise 29 Section 8.2 Example 1 Two Sample t-Test Example 2 Two Sample t-Test Exercise 17 Exercise 21 Exercise 24 Exercise 25 Section 8.3 Example 1 t-Test Difference between means (dependent) Exercise 10 Exercise 23 Section 8.4 Example 1 Testing the Difference between

1p and2p

Exercise 7 Exercise 23 Technology Tails over Heads

423 425 426 427

430 431 433 434 435 435

439 442 446

449 451 453 463

102 104 105 106

107 108 110 111 112 113

114 116 117

118 119 120 121

Chapter 9 Correlation and Regression Section 9.1 Example 3 Constructing a Scatter Plot Example 5 Finding the Correlation Coefficient Exercise 26 Section 9.2 Example 2 Finding a Regression Equation Exercise 17 Section 9.3 Example 2 Finding the Standard Error of Estimate Example 3 Constructing a Prediction Interval Exercise 13 Technology Lab Nutrients in Breakfast Cereals

472 475 483

488 491

501 503 505 523

123 124 126

129 133

136 139 141 144

Chapter 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution Section 10.2 Example 3 Chi-Square Independence Test Exercise 19 Section 10.3 Example 4 Performing a Two-Sample F-Test Exercise 25 Section 10.4 Example 2 Performing an ANOVA Test Exercise 5 Exercise 11 Technology Lab Teacher Salaries

541 544

554 556

563 565 567 579

145 147

148 149

150 152 153 154

vii

Introduction The TI-84/TI-83 Graphing Calculator Manual is one of a series of companion technology manuals that provide hands-on technology assistance to users of Larson/Farber Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 7th Edition. Detailed instructions for working selected examples, exercises, and technology sections from Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 7thEdition are provided in this manual. To make the correlation with the text as seamless as possible, the table of contents includes page references for both the Larson/Farber text and this manual.



1

Getting Started with theTI-84 (and TI-83) Graphing Calculators

Overview This manual is designed to be used with the TI-84 and TI-83 families of Graphing Calculators. These calculators have a variety of useful functions for doing statistical calculations and for creating statistical plots. The commands for using the statistical functions are basically the same for the TI-83’s and TI-84’s. All TI-84 calculators, the TI-83 Plus Calculator and the TI-83 Silver Edition can receive a variety of software applications that are available through the TI website (www.ti.com). TI also will provide downloadable updates to the operating systems of these calculators. These features are not available on the TI-83. Many of the datasets that you will be using can be downloaded onto any of the TI-83 or TI-84 calculators from http://www.pearson.com/math-stats-resources. Locate your textbook by clicking on “L” since your textbook authors are Larson/Farber. Scroll down to find Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World. The requirements for the transfer of data differ from one calculator to another. Some of these calculators (TI-84’s and TI-83 Silver Edition) are sold with the necessary connection. For the TI-83 or TI-83 Plus, you can purchase a Graph Link manufactured by Texas Instruments which connects the calculator to the computer. (Note: In order to do examples in this manual, you can simply enter the data values for each example directly into your calculator. It is not necessary to use the graph link to download the data into your calculator. The download procedure using the computer link is an optional way of entering data.) Throughout this manual all instructions and screen shots use the TI-84/Plus CE. These instructions and screen shots are compatible with all the TI-84 and TI-83 calculators. The TI-84/Plus calculators come with a statistical mode: STAT WIZARDS. This mode is not available on the TI-83 or TI-84 calculators. To see if your calculator has the STAT WIZARDS option, press the z key and use the down arrow † to scroll through the options. Look for STAT WIZARDS as an option.

You have the choice to turn ON or turn OFF the STAT WIZARDS. This manual contains instructions for both options. If your calculator does not have the STAT WIZARDS option, you will simply follow instructions for doing calculations with the STAT WIZARD turned OFF. Before you begin using the TI-83 or TI-84 calculator, spend a few minutes becoming familiar with its basic operations. First, notice the different colored keys on the calculator. On the TI-84’s, the white keys are the number keys; the light colored keys on the right are the basic mathematical functions; the dark gray keys on the left are additional mathematical functions; the remaining dark gray keys are the advanced functions; the light colored keys just below the viewing screen are used to set up and display graphs, and the light colored arrow keys are used for moving the cursor around the viewing screen. On the TI-83’s, the white keys are the number keys; the blue keys on the right are the basic mathematical functions; the dark gray keys on the left are additional mathematical functions;



2

the remaining dark gray keys are the advanced functions; the blue keys just below the viewing screen are used to set up and display graphs, and the blue arrow keys are used for moving the cursor around the viewing screen. The primary function of each key is printed in white on the key. For example, when you press …, the STAT MENU is displayed.

The secondary function of each key is printed in blue on the TI-84’s (yellow on the TI-83’s) above the key. When you press the 2nd key (found in the upper left corner of the keys), the function printed above the key becomes active and the cursor changes from a solid rectangle to an (up-arrow). For example, when you press 2nd and the x 2

key, the function is activated.

The notation used in this manual to indicate a secondary function is ‘2nd’ followed by the name of the secondary function. For example, to use the LIST function, found above the … key, the notation used in this manual is 2nd [LIST]. The LIST MENU will then be activated and displayed on the screen.

The alpha function of each key is printed in green above the key. When you press the green ƒ key, the function printed in green above the key is activated and the cursor changes from a solid rectangle to A. In this manual you will find detailed explanations of the different statistical functions that are programmed into the TI-83 and TI-84 graphing calculators. These explanations will accompany selected examples from your textbook. This will give you the opportunity to learn the various calculator functions as they apply to the specific statistical material in each chapter. Getting Started To operate the calculator, press É in the lower left corner of the calculator. Begin each example with a blank screen, with a rectangular cursor flashing in the upper left corner. If you turn on your calculator and you do not have a blank screen, press the ‘ key. You may have to press ‘ a second time in order to clear the screen. If using the ‘ key does not clear the screen, you can push y [QUIT] (Note: QUIT is found above the z key) and press the ‘ key.



3

Helpful Hints To adjust the display contrast, push and release the 2nd key. Then push and hold the up arrow } to darken or the down arrow † to lighten. The calculator has an automatic turn off function that will turn the calculator off if it has been idle for several minutes. To restart, simply press the É key. There are several different graphing techniques available on the TI-83 and TI-84 calculators. If you inadvertently leave a graph on and attempt to use a different graphing function, your graph display may be cluttered with extraneous graphs, or you may get an ERROR message on the screen.

To avoid these graphing issues, there are several items that you should check before graphing anything. First, press the o key, found in the upper left corner of the key pad, and clear all the Y-variables. The screen should look like the following display:

If there are any functions stored in the Y-variables (as displayed here):

Simply move the cursor to the line that contains a function and press ‘ Í.



4

Next, press 2nd [STAT PLOT] (found on the o key) and check to make sure that all the STAT PLOTS are turned OFF.

If you notice that a Plot is turned ON, (in this display Plot1 is On): select the Plot by highlighting the number to the left of the Plot, pressing Í and moving the cursor to OFF.

Press Í. Press 2nd [QUIT] to return to the home screen. Now you are ready to get started with your calculator. Enjoy!!

A01 LARS3638 07 GCM FMA - media.pearsoncmg.comof data differ from one calculator to another. Some of...

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Transcript of A01 LARS3638 07 GCM FMA - media.pearsoncmg.comof data differ from one calculator to another. Some of...