1A.P. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 2012-2013

Summary Outline and Reading Assignments

Textbook: Magleby, et al. Government by the People, 22nd Edition

Unit I Constitutional Democracy

"Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There never was a democracy yet that did not commit suicide." John Adams, 1814

Objectives

Distinguish between direct and representative democracy.Explain the interacting values that comprise the democratic faith, such as popular consent, respect for the individual, equality of opportunity, and personal liberty; and examine how democratic values may conflict with one another.Discuss the educational, economic, social, and ideological conditions conducive to establishing and maintaining democracy.Explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.List the major issues on which the delegates to the Constitutional Convention had consensus as well as those issues on which the delegates had conflicts and compromise.Debate the arguments against ratification.Summarize the steps involved in ratifying the Constitution.

Key Terms.Democracy in all its formsConstitutionalismStatismPopular ConsentMajority RulePluralitySocial CapitalIdeologyTheocracyArticles of ConfederationAnnapolis Convention

Constitutional ConventionShays' RebellionVirginia PlanNew Jersey PlanGreat or Connecticut CompromiseThree-Fifths CompromiseFederalistsAnti-federalistsThe Federalist Papers

Discussion Questions

If average citizens are fit to select their leaders (representative government), how can they be unfit to govern themselves directly (direct democracy)?

Why shouldn’t democratic decision making be extended to all spheres of life-for example, to the workplace or to colleges?Why does government expand and contract, and what accounts for major political change?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 1

Thomas Jefferson on Politics and Governmenthttp://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/jeff0100.htm

The Declaration of Independencehttp://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/declaration.html

Preamble of the United States Constitutionhttp://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/preamble/

Charles Beard: Framing the Constitutionhttp://www.cooperativeindividuali sm.org/beard_constitution.html

Federalist #10 http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/7.htm

Is the United States a Democracy?http://www.thisnation.com/question/011.html

“The Tyranny of the Mob”http://www.csulb.edu/~astevens/posc100/files/sabato.html

Unit II The Living Constitution and American Federalism

“To live under the American Constitution is the greatest political privilege that was ever accorded to the human race.” Calvin Coolidge

Objectives

Explain the various ways the framers tried to limit government, including federalism, free elections, and checks and balances.Describe the concept of separation of powers and its relationship to checks and balances.Define judicial review.Explain how the checks and balances system has been modified by the rise of national political parties, creation of an independent regulatory commission, changes in the electoral system, changes in technology, and in international affairs.Contrast the British and American political systems.Explain the process of the impeachment and removal power.List presidential practices, and discuss how such practices have evolved.Explain the two methods for proposing and for ratifying amendments to the Constitution.Define federalism and its constitutional basis between the national and state governments.Examine various interpretations of federalism, such as dual, cooperative, marble cake, competitive, permissive, and "New Federalism."Identify and describe alternatives to federalism.List advantages of federalism as they relate to the needs of a heterogeneous people.Examine powers of the national government, powers reserved for the states, and concurrent powers shared by the national and state governments.Identify limits and obligations on both national and state powers.Describe the expanding role of the federal courts in reviewing state and local government activities through the Fourteenth Amendment, federal mandates, and federal preemption.Explain the historical growth in national governmental powers relative to the states, including the debate between the centralists and decentralists.Examine the politics of federal grants, including how the battle over the appropriate level of government to control the funds tends to be cyclical.Analyze the impact of federal mandates on state and local government.Examine reasons for the growth of big government and reasons why Congress is pressured to reduce national programs.

Debate Topic

Resolved that the states can not be trusted to care for their neediest and poorest citizens as well as the federal government; therefore devolution of power to the states and localities in the areas of welfare reform and human services is bad public policy.

Discussion Questions

Was the framing of the Constitution an exercise in democracy, or an elitist conspiracy?What view of human nature is embodied in the Constitution?How can any government be strong enough to govern without threatening freedom?Is dual federalism the friend or foe of liberty, equality, political participation, and policy innovation?

Key Terms.

Natural LawSeparation of PowersChecks and BalancesDivided GovernmentJudicial ReviewImpeachmentExecutive PrivilegeAmending the ConstitutionFederalismExpress PowersImplied PowersNecessary and Proper ClauseInherent PowersCommerce ClauseConcurrent PowersFull Faith and Credit ClauseExtraditionInterstate CompactCentralistsDecentralistsNational Supremacy Clause

Types of Federal GrantsFederal MandatesRevenue Sharing

Reading

Government by the People Chapters 2 and 3

Constitutional Democracyapgovernment_outline.docArticles IV, V, VI, and VII of the United States Constitutionhttp://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html

Federalist #51 and #78 http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/burns7/medialib/docs/fedrlist.htm

Full Faith and Credit Clause, National Supremacy Clause and McCulloch v. Marylandhttp://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/10.htm

Tenth Amendment http://www.arch ives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html

Proposed Constitutional Amendmentswww.usconstitution.net/constam.html

“Can Federalism Solve America’s Cultural War?http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/04/states_rights_and_wrongs.html

“Living with Cultural Federalism”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/06/living_with_cultural_federalis.html

Unit III Political Culture and Ideology

"All power is trust." Benjamin Disraeli

Objectives

Define political culture. Also, explain where we learn the American political culture.Identify and describe the major values that are shared by most Americans, in the tradition of classical liberalism. Assess the relationship between political values and economic change (such as industrialization and depression). Examine liberalism and criticisms of this school of political thinking.Examine conservatism and cite criticisms of this school of political thought.

Key Terms.

Political CultureMajority RulePopular SovereigntyCapitalismIdeologyLiberalismConservatismSocialismLibertarianism

Discussion Questions

How has American political culture changed over the past hundred years, and how does it differ from the political culture of other democratic nations?To what extent have Americans come to mistrust government, and what difference does it make?How much do Americans really believe in civil liberty and political toleration?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 4

The World’s Smallest Political Quizhttp://www.theadvocates.org/quiz.html

Ideology Surveyhttp://home.att.net/%7Ebetsynewmark2/PoliticalIdeologySurvey.htm

The Political Compasshttp://www.politicalcompass.org/

Politopiahttp://www.politopia.com/index.htm

“The Death of Political Ideology” http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2006/05/the_death_of_political_ideolog.html

Unit IV The American Political Landscape

"The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of blessings; the inherent virtue of socialism is the equal sharing of miseries." Winston Churchill

Objectives

Define political socialization and demographics.Distinguish between reinforcing cleavages and cross-cutting cleavages.Assess the impact on the development of American democracy of geographic isolation and a large land area.Evaluate sectional differences in the United States.Examine the effect of state and local identity on politics.Examine the impact on American politics of race and ethnicity.Explain how family structure impacts upon the American political landscape.Identify ways in which religion can be important in American politics.Describe income and wealth distribution in the United States.Examine the relationship between differing educational levels and political behavior.Discuss reasons for the remarkable national unity and identity that exists in a land of such demographic diversity.

Key Terms

EthnocentrismPolitical SocializationDemographicsReinforcing and Cross-cutting CleavagesManifest DestinySectional DifferencesRace and EthnicityGender GapSocioeconomic Status

Discussion Questions

How, if at all, does public opinion in America today vary by race, religion, region, and other differences?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 5

“Circling the Wagons”http://www.csulb.edu/~astevens/posc322/files/brooks.htm Polling Reportshttp://www.pollingreport.com/

Unit V Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence

“Man is by nature a political animal.” Aristotle

Objectives

Explain Madison's analysis of the problems of faction and possible solutions.Indicate the most influential interest groups, and their primary concerns relative to government.Discuss the factors that make an interest group politically potent.Summarize the major techniques of interest groups.

Key Terms

FactionsThe Federalist Number 10Types of Interest GroupsCharacteristics and Techniques of Interest GroupsThe Federal RegisterAmicus Curiae BriefsLobbying and LobbyistsRevolving DoorIron TrianglePolitical Action Committee (PAC)Bundling

Discussion Questions

With so many interest groups active, has America succeeded in “curing the mischief of faction”?Are there any ways, both feasible and desirable, of regulating interest groups?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 6

Interest Group Researchhttp://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/index.asp

Unit VI Political Parties: Essential to Democracy

“...political parties created democracy and modern democracy is unthinkable save in terms of the parties.” E. E. Schattschneider

Objectives

Explain the functions of political parties and the extent to which they are currently being performed by American political parties.Describe the methods used by parties to nominate candidates and how these methods have changed over time.Compare the American two-party system with the multiparty system.Discuss factors that are associated with the emergence of third parties and independent candidates.Explain how closed and open primaries work.Trace the development of political parties and the two-party system in America.Explain why the electorate prefers divided government.Explain the structure and function of parties in government.Examine why parties remain important in the electorate.Evaluate whether the United States is experiencing party dealignment or realignment.Debate whether political parties are dying.Examine the problems of soft money and outside issue advocacy as they relate to the principle of accountability.

Key Terms

Party FunctionsParty Column BallotNonpartisanPatronageHoneymoonCaucusParty ConventionsDirect Primary

Open PrimaryClosed PrimaryCrossover VotingProportional RepresentationWinner-Take-All

Discussion QuestionsSince political parties are so weak in the United States, what purpose do they continue to serve? Since candidates raise most of their own campaign funds, do they even need party affiliation?To what extent has the decline of mass attachment to the two major parties affected how American’s vote?Is the future of the two-party system increasingly shaky or virtually ensured?Party affiliation, while noticeably weaker in recent year, is still a powerful political force for may voters and office holders. Speculate on some of the specific reasons a Democrat would convert to the Republican Party.Assume that the Electoral College was eliminated in favor of a direct popular election of the president. That is, whichever candidate got the greatest number of popular votes (at least 40 percent of the total) would be elected. How would such a plan affect the two-party system?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 7

Party Matchmaking Questionshttp://www.3pc.net/matchmaker/quiz.html

Unit VII Public Opinion, Participation and Voting

“It were not best that we should all think alike; it is difference of opinion that makes horse races.” Mark Twain

Objectives

Define public opinion, attentive public, and political socialization. Enumerate the main sources of political socialization. Define opinion distribution, intensity, latency, salience, consensus, and polarization. Briefly outline the history of enfranchisement in the United States. Discuss the impacts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.Analyze the decline in voter participation in the 20th century.Analyze the impact of increased identification with "Independent" status. Explain the relative importance of party identification, candidate appeal, and issues on voting.

Discussion Questions

How responsive is contemporary American government to the opinion of persistent popular majorities, and to what extent do political elites shape how average citizens debate and decide policy issues?How, if at all, do differences in political participation affect what government actually does?Why do some people participate in politics at higher rates than others?What have been the policy consequences of a broader electorate? Which extensions of the suffrage have changed policy outcomes, and which have mattered little?

Key Terms

Public OpinionPolitical SocializationAttentive PublicFifteenth AmendmentNineteenth AmendmentNative Americans Get Vote in 1924Twenty-third AmendmentTwenty-fourth Amendment

Voting Rights Act of 1965Twenty-sixth AmendmentVoter RegistrationAustralian BallotMotor Voter Act (National Voter Registration Act of 1993)Prospective VotingRetrospective Voting

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 8

Poll Resultshttp://www.realclearpolitics.com/polls.html

Public Opinionhttp://www.pollingreport.com/

Unit VIII Campaigns and Elections: Democracy in Action and The Media and American Politics

“Bad officials are elected by good citizens who do not vote.” George Jean Nathan

Objectives

Explain how the structure of the election system affects election strategy.

Illustrate the role of presidential debates in American elections.

Outline major proposals for reforming the election process, giving pro and con arguments.

Define such terms as mass media, infotainment, selective exposure, and selective perception.

Assess the issue of media bias in terms of liberalism/conservatism. Assess the issue of media bias in terms of focus of media coverage.

Describe the impact of new media technologies on politics and campaigning.

Define agenda-setting, issue framing, and image making.

Key Terms

Term LimitsLame DuckWinner-Take-AllPluralitySingle-Member DistrictProportional RepresentationElectoral CollegeSafe SeatAdvantages of IncumbencyFranking PrivilegeRedistricting Coattail Effect

Discussion Questions

How have primary and general election campaigns changed over the past century and a half?

What matters most in deciding who wins presidential and congressional elections?What are valence issues, and why do average citizens tend to vote retrospectively?Why do politicians worry so much about the media?

Debate TopicsResolved: that the Electoral College should be eliminated.Resolved: that the President and all members of Congress should be elected at the same time.

Reading

Government by the People Chapters 9 and 10

Politicshttp://www.politics1.com/

“Debating McCain – Feingold” http://www.csulb.edu/~astevens/posc322/files/CQsoftmon.html

The Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College

Arguments in Favor of the Electoral CollegeThe Framers' Electoral Wisdom

Against the Electoral CollegeAgainst the Electoral College

Campaign Financehttp://www.fundrace.org/

Campaign Finance Reformhttp://www.debatabase.org/details_print.asp?topicID=234

Political Action Committeeshttp://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/index.asp

Debate: Soft Money is Buying Our Government v. Soft Money is Freedom of Speechhttp://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/burns7/chapter7/deluxe.html

Buckley v. Valeo 1976http://www.campaignfinancesite.org/court/buckley1.html

Unit IX The Congress: The People’s Branch

“Taxation with representation ain't so hot either.” Gerard Barzan

Objectives

Assess the factors that go into redistricting, reapportionment, and gerrymandering, and their impact on House elections.Explain the importance of bicameralism.Identify and define the basic functions of Congress.Indicate the role of unlimited debate and the filibuster in Senate proceedings.Explain the role of and procedures used in the Senate confirmation powers.Distinguish between Congress as a law-making institution and as a representative assembly.Distinguish between the delegate and trustee roles of legislators.Evaluate the impact and power of congressional staff.Trace the pathway of a bill through both houses of Congress.Analyze the importance of committee and subcommittee chairs and the process by which they are chosen, especially the impact of seniority.Explain why so many congressional incumbents win.

Key Terms

Article ISafe SeatRedistrictingReapportionmentGerrymanderingStructure and PowersBicameralismPower to ConfirmSenatorial CourtesyFilibusterClotureContrasting Procedures of the House and Senate

Discussion Questions

Should the number of terms served by members of Congress be limited (as they are for the president)? If not, what justification exists for imposing a term requirement on the president but not on Congress? Wouldn’t corruption be less likely if members of Congress were regularly rotated in office?Why is Congress an unpopular institution?If you were a challenger for the House seat in your district, what strategy would you devise to unseat the incumbent?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 11

“The Congressman from $37,000”http://www.csulb.edu/~astevens/posc322/files/cong.html

United States House of Representativeswww.house.gov

United States Senatewww.senate.gov

“What is a filibuster?”www.thisnation.com/question/037.html

Article I United States Constitutionhttp://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html

Congressional Electionshttp://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/index.asp

Pork Barrel Spending http://www.cagw.o rg/site/PageServer?pagename=reports_pigbook2004

Gerrymandering Distorts Our Electionshttp://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/06/gerrymanderings_lower_turnout.html

Unit X The Presidency: The Leadership Branch and Congressional-Presidential Relations

“If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one?” Abraham Lincoln

Objectives

Evaluate what the public expects of the president in the "unwritten presidential job description."Describe the office of the presidency as established in the Constitution.Evaluate why Congress and the Supreme Court have often been willing partners in the expansion of presidential power and identify factors that have strengthened the presidency.Evaluate the constraints on the ability of the president to act, such as the media and international pressures.Discuss what factors make for a "great" president and what factors contribute to a failed presidencyExplain those factors that promote both cooperation and conflict within the congressional-presidential relationship.Explain why members of Congress have different political perspectives from that of the president.Discuss why most presidents seem to have greater legislative success when their own party controls both houses of Congress. Conversely, explain how divided government is often preferred by large numbers of the American people.Explain the reasons why Congress and the president have clashed over the war powers issue. Also, be able to discuss the content of the War Powers Resolution.Explain why confirmation politics can become destructive.List reasons why the presidential use of executive privilege, executive orders, and the veto can promote discord between him and Congress.Discuss why coalition building is important to a president’s success or failure vis-à-vis Congress.

Discussion Questions

Should we want our President to be stronger or weaker than Congress?Does the personal character of a president make a difference in how he does his/her job?Many political scientists conclude that presidential authority began to increase as a result of national crises. Why didn’t presidential power increase after the nation’s first three wars (the war of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War)? Were the wars different or was the nation different?President’s frequently sign legislation which they disagree. Why doesn’t the president simply veto such laws since Congress seldom manages to override a veto? Would a line-item veto give the president too much of an advantage over Congress?

ReadingGovernment by the People Chapter 12

Federalist #70http://www.foundingfathers.info/federalistpapers/

Article II United States Constitutionhttp://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html

Evolution of the Presidency http://www.politics1.com/p2000.htm

Ranking of the Presidentshttp://www.opinionjournal.com/hail/

“Presidency Isn’t Easy to Pass Along”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/02/presidency_isnt_easy_to_pass_a.html

“Vice-Presidential Choice is not always About Balance”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/06/vice_presidential_choice_isnt.html

“Dumbing Down the Presidency”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/06/dumbed_down_political_speeches.html

Unit XI The Judiciary: The Balancing Branch and The Bureaucracy: The Real Power

"This is a court of law, young man, not a court of justice." Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

Objectives

Define judicial review.Analyze the role of stare decisis in the judicial system.Describe the relationship between federal and state courts.Analyze the impact of party, race, sex, and ideology on the judicial selection process.Compare judicial activism and judicial restraint and their relationship to political ideology.Discuss how partisan politics enters the judicial selection process, the size of the federal judiciary, and the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.Explain how cases reach the Supreme Court.Describe the powers of the chief justice.Describe the formal organization of the bureaucracy.Describe the limitations on bureaucratic power.Debate the need for big government and big bureaucracy, including a discussion of how to reorganize and eliminate waste in them.Debate the extent to which government should privatize public services.Examine bureaucratic accountability to the President and to Congress.

Debate TopicResolved: That member of the Supreme Court should hold office for one twelve year term.

ReadingGovernment by the People Chapter 14

Article III of the United States Constitutionhttp://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html

Debate: Interpreting the Constitution: Original Intent v. A Contemporary Ratificationhttp://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/burns7/chapter14/deluxe.html

“Bargain Basement Judiciary”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/03/paying_for_a_better_judiciary.html

Unit XII First Amendment Freedoms

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people

peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances."

First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States

Explain the Nationalization of the Bill of Rights through selective incorporation.Define the Establishment Clause, including what it does and does not prohibit; and the prevailing doctrine.Analyze the disputes that arise between the Establishment and Free Exercise clauses.Define the following historic constitutional tests on freedom of speech issue: bad tendency test, clear and present danger test, and the preferred position doctrine.Identify and define doctrines currently used by the Supreme Court to measure the limits of governmental power on freedom of speech.Compare the changing social and judicial interpretations of obscenity and pornography.Describe the impact of time, place, and manner regulations on the freedom of assembly.Summarize legislative and judicial action toward the regulation of sedition.

Key Terms

Civil LibertiesCivil RightsBill of RightsDue Process ClauseSelective IncorporationEstablishment ClauseFree Exercise ClauseFreedom of Information ActLibel

Debate TopicResolved: That the proposed constitutional amendment protecting the American flag be approved and added to the Constitution.

Discussion Question

The free-exercise clause protects religious behavior. But what is a valid “religion”? How can courts distinguish fraudulent religious claims from legitimate ones?

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 16

“Student Expression Issues”http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/Speech/studentexpression/overview.aspx

“Tinker, Fraser, and Hazelwood Standards” of Student Expressionhttp://www.firstamendmentschools.org/freedoms/faq.aspx?id=12991

Principles of Civil Liberties and Civil Rightshttp://www.aclu.org/

Landmark CasesLandmarkcases.org

Unit XIII Equal Rights under the Law

“All the people like us are we, and everyone else is They.” Rudyard Kipling

Define human rights and how the Constitution provides for protecting civil rights. Differentiate between civil rights and civil liberties.

Summarize the development of the African American struggle for racial justice from the Civil War to the present.Compare the historical experiences and current demands for equality of women, Hispanics, Asian-Americans, and Native-Americans.Describe how the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is used to limit state action that classifies individuals unreasonably.Compare three tiers of tests used to determine whether a law complies with the equal protection requirement.Distinguish between de facto and de jure segregation.Examine the efforts made in the past by state governments to prevent Blacks from voting, and the steps taken by the Supreme Court to end those efforts.Describe the content and impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.Analyze the measures used, especially the commerce clause and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to regulate discriminatory conduct by private individuals and groups.Discuss the controversies caused by the implementation of affirmative action programs.Evaluate the condition of America's African-American underclass a generation after the Kerner Commission Report.

Key Terms

Equal Protection ClauseSuspect ClassWhite PrimaryGerrymanderingPoll TaxLiteracy TestVoting Rights Act of 1965Jim Crow LawsMajority-Minority DistrictsDe Jure SegregationDe Facto SegregationCivil Rights Act of 1964Affirmative ActionProposition 209

Debate Topic

Resolved: That affirmative action programs are effective and necessary to promote equitable and adequate pay for women and minorities.

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 17

U.S. Citizenship Testhttp://www.herald-sun.com/vo tebook/citizenship/citstart.html

The Civil Rights Acts (see Civil Rights Act of 1957)http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/burns7/medialib/docs/civrit.htm#1957

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/burns7/medialib/docs/bakke.htm

Affirmative Action"So you wanna know about Affirmative Action"

“The Return of the Equal Rights Amendment”http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/04/the_return_of_the_equal_rights.html

Unit XIV Rights of Life, Liberty, and Property

“Nip the shoots of arbitrary power in the bud, is the only maxim which can ever preserve the liberties of any people.” John Adams

Explain how citizenship is acquired and lost.Examine the constitutional protections of property.Compare and contrast procedural and substantive due process.Analyze the current standing in the courts of the right to privacy, especially in regard to state power to regulate abortions and sexual orientation.Distinguish between unreasonable and reasonable searches and seizures.Explain the exclusionary rule, the right to remain silent, and the Miranda warning.Summarize a criminal case in the federal court system, listing the major rights to be protected and the procedures to be followed.Specify the connection between the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment.Debate whether the American system of justice is unjust, in that it has too many loopholes, is too unreliable, and is discriminatory.Discuss the role of the Supreme Court in protecting civil liberties and the constraints on that role.

Key Terms

Writ of Habeas CorpusEx Post Facto LawBill of AttainderCitizenship RightsContract ClauseEminent DomainProcedural Due ProcessSubstantive Due ProcessPrivacy RightsExceptions to the Warrant RuleExclusionary RuleImmunityMiranda WarningGrand JuryIndictmentPlea BargainDouble Jeopardy

Reading

Government by the People Chapter 16

Amendments 2-10 of the United States Constitutionhttp://www.house.gov/Constitution/Amend.html