A VIEW INTO THE NEXT GENERATION OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION ... · GENERATION OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION...
Transcript of A VIEW INTO THE NEXT GENERATION OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION ... · GENERATION OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION...
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AIAA Aerospace Today & TomorrowJune 2013
A VIEW INTO THE NEXT GENERATION OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION (2025 TIMEFRAME)
Dr. Michael Winter
Chief Engineer for TechnologyPratt & Whitney
(c) 2013 United Technologies CorporationNot subject to the EAR per 15 CFR ch. 1 part 734.3(b)(3) of the EAR
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UTC BUSINESSES
AerospaceCommercial
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2012 sales1
$14.2B2011 sales
$13.4B
P&WAeroPower
CommercialEngines
Pratt & WhitneyCanada
MilitaryEngines
RocketdynePower Systems
CommercialEngines
Pratt & WhitneyCanada
Military Engines
PRATT & WHITNEYSales - 2011 and 2012
1Pro forma with full year of P&W AeroPower sales
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COMMERCIAL AVIATIONIn one year…
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AVIATION: WORLD TRADE
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DELIVERIES GOING FORWARD: 2012 - 203168,000 new aircraft across a range of sizes
Source: Rolls-Royce
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GTFTM Engine2012
Wasp Engine1926
Wasp Pic
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PRATT & WHITNEY: DEPENDABLE ENGINES
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A HISTORY OF DEPENDABLE ENGINES
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1990 20001950 1960 1970 1980 2010 2020Engine certification date
TurbojetsTurbofans
Low bypass
TurbofansHigh bypass
Ultra high bypass
•Lower fuel consumption so- Lower CO2- Lower NOx- Lower Cost GTFTM Engine
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BY-PASS RATIO & EFFICIENCY EVOLUTION
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This Page Contains no Technical Data
Efficiency of the fan to produce thrust
Efficiency of the core to convert fuel into work
Gearbox optimally balances core & fan
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ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY FOR EFFICIENCY
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bypass airflow
bypass airflow
bypass airflow
bypass airflow
low compressor & low turbinespeed optimized
fan speed constrained by low pressure spool
low compressor & low turbinespeed constrained by fan
Conventional Turbofan Geared Turbofan Engine
Gear
ultra-efficient,light-weight,
low-speed fan
Incremental Improvement Step-Change Improvement
fuel noisemaint
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GTF: STEP CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY
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Fuel burn improvement 16%
CO2 emissions reduced by 3000 Tonnes per aircraft per year
NOx emissions cut in half
Noise levels of Stage 4 minus 20 dB
1,500 fewer airfoils
Lower maintenance cost
$1.5M annual cost savings per aircraft
The Comprehensive Approach to Economic and Environmental Operation
PurePower® Engine benefits
Gear
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INNOVATIVE NEW ENGINE DESIGNS
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Source: Wyle Labs
LOCAL NOISE CONCERNS A MAJOR GROWTH LIMIT
Existing turbofanPotential Benefits to Much Lower Noise• Lower Noise Fees• Direct Flight Paths• Curfew Extensions• 2-3% Reduction in COC
Geared TurbofanTM Engine (77% reduction)
LaGuardia Noise Footprint LaGuardia Noise Footprint
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SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN EMISSIONSOver 50% margin to most stringent NOx regulation
35 - 40% reduction relative to CAEP/8 in 2014
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GTF SLASHES CO2 & NOX EMISSIONS
Equivalent to Planting 700,000 Trees per Year
A Greener Future3,000 tons Less CO2Emissions
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-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
BASE
Ch 4
%Δ FUEL BURN
1997 Ref
PW1000G
current737/A320BPR ~ 5
AGGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT REQUIRED
FAA CLEEN
NASA ERA
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ACARE & EU Clean Sky
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LONG TERM GROWTH OF AVIATIONOnly possible with low carbon, sustainable fuels
Source: The Boeing Company
VehicleTech
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HOW DOES A BIOFUEL HELP?Reduces net CO2 into atmosphere
Conventional Fuel Bio Fuel
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VEHICLE MAXIMUM ENERGY AND POWER
Energy Onboard, MJ
Max
Pow
er, k
W
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MJ / kg $ / MJFuel Type
200Li Battery (Rechargeable) 0.25 0.03
Kerosene (Jet A) 44 0.018
Natural Gas 45 0.005
Goose Fat 38 0.26
Hydrogen 117 0.436
Li Battery (Primary) 0.5Honey 14 0.29
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FUEL ENERGY PER UNIT MASSA measure of aircraft range capability
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After: Koff, “Spanning the World with Jet Propulsion”, AIAA, 1991
B-757B-727
B-747B-707 375% Improvement
Turbine Inlet Temperature (°F)
Engine Power/Weight
(specific powerhp/lb-of-air/sec)
B-787A380
B-777
“THE PROBLEM OF THE AVIATION ENGINE is the combination of power and lightness…”
(c) 2013 United Technologies CorporationNot subject to the EAR per 15 CFR ch. 1 part 734.3(b)(3) of the EAR
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Year of Introduction
CORES SHRINK AS NEW TECHNOLOGY UPS EFFICIENCY
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
EfficiencyRelative
Core Size*(1974=1)
0.4
0.2
0
0.6
0.8
Core Sizeat constant thrust
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Current 5:1 BPR New 12:1 BPR
LARGER FANS, LESS GROUND CLEARANCENear term
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Current 5:1 BPR Advanced 18:1 BPRCurrent 5:1 BPR Future 18:1 BPR
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LARGER FANS, LESS GROUND CLEARANCEMid term
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ReferenceV2500
1988 EIS
Adv GTFTM
Engine+30% EffEIS 2022-2027
PW1000G GTFTM Engine+16% EffEIS 2013-2015
Unconventional_Installations
2015 2020 2025 2030
Gen 3 GTFTM Engine+45% EffEIS 2030-2035
CONFIGURATION LIMITATIONS
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SUMMARYThe green future of commercial aviation
• Bigger engines, smaller cores– GTFTM Engine Technology for better fuel burn & noise
• Innovative airplanes – Better fuel burn & noise
• Manufactured hydrocarbon drop-in fuels– Bio-fuels to reduce aviation’s net CO2
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30K Ground demoFlight weight design
Thrust in thousands of pounds (K)
2000 2008
40K Demo engine 11K Demo engine 30K Flight demos
INVESTED $1B IN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
Gear Test Rigs
1990 2013
25 years to PurePower® enginesEntry Into Service
Entry Into Service
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1950 1960 1970 1980 19900
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Piston Engines1950-60
IndustryTrend
2000 2010
12000
14000
1930-401920s
1950 1960 1970 1980 19900
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
IndustryTrend
Year of Service
ETOPS<0.02
SOA<0.002
In-Flight Shutdown Rate
Per 1000 hrs
Year of Service
HoursOn-Wing
(Fleet Avg)
“THE PROBLEM OF THE AVIATION ENGINE is …and reliability”
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THERMAL AND PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCYEnergy in fuel to pushing the plane
GTF™ Engine
10%
20%30%
40%
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PROPULSION SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
Fuel Burn
Fan Diameter
Noise
Low Bypass RatioHigher Fan Pressure Ratio
High Bypass RatioLower Fan Pressure Ratio
Low
High
Increasing weight of low-RPM LPT contributes to increasing fuel burn
AdvancedTurbofan
(ATF)
Better
GearedTurbofan
(GTF)Fuel BurnReduction
Noise Reduction
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CONTINUED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Flight & Ground Engine Demonstrators to Infuse Technology
Drive Benefits to the Environment
Propulsion System Creates Jobs
Motivates Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
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FAN DRIVE GEAR SYSTEM
• 40,000 equivalent take-offs to date with no significant wear
Simple Design – Extraordinary Reliability
Gear Test Rig22 MW gear
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