A V / Understanding Audio Video. A/V Presented by: Hubbell Premise Wiring Glenn Kierstead Senior...

A V/

Understanding Audio Video

Understanding Audio VideoA / V

Understanding Audio VideoUnderstanding Audio Video

• Presented by:• Hubbell Premise Wiring• Glenn Kierstead• Senior Product Manager – Copper Systems• [email protected]


ConvergenceConvergence

Convergence “The Underlying Trend”• One LAN – Voice, Data, Audio-Video, HVAC, Security, Lighting,

Asset/Device Management & PoE AppliancesExpand capabilities – Unified MessagingVideo ConferencingWeb-based conferencing with voice and presentationsLong Distance LearningHome OfficesConnection point-to-point to packet based networksWireless, VoIPCollaboration “Whiteboarding”

• DriversMajor Endorsement

° Cisco, HP, Microsoft, Apple, etc.° AVIT, Crestron, Extron, AMX, etc.

High level customer interest° Cost savings / Revenue opportunity° Enhanced productivity


Why Convergence?Why Convergence?

• IP convergence benefits business and employees: Reducing complexity and improving

asset management Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership

(TCO) Enhancing business communications Increasing employee productivity and

mobility Improving customer satisfaction Future proof investment

Convergence

FutureProofing

Reducing TCO

Productivity& Mobility

ImprovingDevice – AssetManagement

ImprovedCustomer

Satisfaction

Enhanced Communications


AVIT – What has ChangedAVIT – What has Changed

• Convergence The Evolution of AV Systems

• Ol’ Ma Bell (99.999) Customers’ Expectation

• IT has Set the Bar Higher Standards for AV

Integration


Market DriversMarket Drivers

• Products driving demand Displays, Wireless, Control Systems and Projectors.

• Growth is driven by display systems Expected to grow with an average of 12% annually over the

next five years.

• Display Systems Growth – Led several IT companies to enter the market to offer competitive products.


Who is the AV Market?Who is the AV Market?

• Vertical Market Segments Business and Corporate Government and Military Education House of Worship Broadcasting Hospitality Healthcare Museums Retail Legal and Courts Transportation Sports, Entertainment and Theme Parks

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Audio – Connections & Applications


RCA ConnectorRCA Connector

RCA Connector• Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect termination or

connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt.

• RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems and between almost any type of audio/video component.

Applications• Most Consumer electronic equipment

Home Theater (Surround Sound) DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc.

• Pro Audio Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units Speaker connections Broadcast studios

• Speakers• Computers • Video Cameras • Home recording equipment


Audio

Applications

RCA Connector ApplicationsRCA Connector Applications

white RCA/TS analog audio, left channel;also mono (RCA/TS), stereo (TRS only),or undefined/otherblack RCA/TS/TRS

grey RCA/TS/TRS

red RCA/TS analog audio, right channel

orange RCA SPDIF digital audio


Speaker/Binding/Banana JacksSpeaker/Binding/Banana Jacks

Binding Posts• A high-quality terminal connection able to accept multiple types of speaker

wire with a variety of terminations or ends. • Bindings screw down onto bare wire or utilize Banana jacks for

connecting.

Banana Jacks• A speaker wire termination consisting of a single, fat shaft which bulges

on the sides similar to a banana. • The banana termination provides the most contact area of any other

speaker wire termination.• Ensuring maximum signal and power transfer

Speaker Terminal• A quick release spring loaded pushbutton terminal allowing for easy

termination of speaker wire.

Applications• Speakers• Most Consumer electronic equipment

Home Theater (Surround Sound) DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc.

• Pro Audio Equipment• Test Equipment

Color-Code: Red Active or positive terminal

Black Inactive or negative terminal


3.5mm Stereo Jacks3.5mm Stereo Jacks

• 3.5mm Stereo Jack Designed in today’s electronic equipment

that features remote speakers, headsets, and headphones.

• Applications Computers Video Cameras Personal/Portable Devices Consumer electronic equipment Test equipment Speakers Headphones


3.5mm Stereo Jacks3.5mm Stereo Jacks

Today’s most common Audio interfaces available. Designed in portable and computer based electronic equipment, this connection

allows for Audio in and out, for headsets, headphones, Line-In , microphones, speakers & surround sound applications.

Green TRS 3.5mm stereo output, front channels

Black TRS 3.5mm stereo output, rear channels

Grey TRS 3.5mm stereo output, side channels

Gold TRS 3.5mm dual output, center and subwoofer

Blue TRS 3.5mm stereo input, line level

Pink TS 3.5mm mono microphone input


¼” Stereo Jacks¼” Stereo Jacks

• 1/4” Stereo Jacks Designed for use in broadcasting,

intercom and PA systems, switchboards, and commercial, industrial and military communications equipment.

Commonly mounted in panels or chassis

• Applications Pro Audio

° PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units

° Guitars & Speaker connections ° Broadcast studios

Intercom Systems Home recording equipment Test equipment


Stereo JacksStereo Jacks

1.Sleeve: usually ground

2.Ring: Right channel for stereo signals, negative phase for balanced mono signals

3.Tip: Left channel for stereo signals, positive phase for balanced mono signals, signal line for unbalanced mono signals

4.Insulating rings

Unbalanced Balanced Stereo

Tip Signal Positive ”Hot Left Channel

Ring Not available Negative ”Cold” Right Channel

Sleeve Ground Return Ground Ground


3-Pin XLR3-Pin XLR

• XLR The standard connector for digital and analog

balanced line interconnect between audio equipment.

The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise.

XLR cable uses three wires, one for the positive signal, one for the negative signal and one for the ground.

• Applications Pro Audio

° PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units

° Microphones & Speaker connections ° Broadcast studios° Auditoriums ° Gymnasiums° Church’s

Intercom Systems


“Balanced Audio”“Balanced Audio”

• Balanced audio is a method of interconnecting audio equipment using impedance-balanced lines. Balanced connections use three-conductor connectors, usually the XLR or TRS jack plug. XLR connectors are the preferred connector of choice, because of their durable construction.

• The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise.

Pin Function

1 Chassis ground (cable shield)

2 Normal polarity ("hot")

3 Inverted polarity ("cold")


Speakon ConnectorSpeakon Connector

Speakon • Speakon connector is commonly used in pro audio systems,connecting loudspeakers to

amplifiers. • It features a quick-locking system with options for soldered or screw-type for easy

repair in the field. • Patch Cords “female only” mate with “male only” panel connectors • Speakon is an alternative to 1/4", two-pole twist lock, and XLR connectors for

loudspeaker Applications Superior to 1/4" jack because of its ability to lock the plug to the socket preventing the speaker

from becoming disconnected by movement or other forces. Provides a fully-insulated connection to equipment, eliminating electrical shock risks associated

with high power audio amplifiers.

Applications • Pro Audio

PA Systems, Amplifiers & Component Units Speaker connections Cable Assemblies

• Broadcast studios• Auditoriums • Entertainment Industry

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Video – Connections & Applications


Video Connection TypesVideo Connection Types

• F-Connector CATV• RCA – Composite• S-Video • BNC – Component • 15-Pin VGA Style• DVI• HDMI


Video ApplicationsVideo Applications

Digital• HDMI• DVI

Analog • RGB• Component• S-Video• Composite• NTSC


F-ConnectorF-Connector

F-Connector • The F-Connector features a single thin

metal shaft in its center with a round metal band around the outside. The band is machined to screw onto an F-jack on the back of a TV or VCR.

• TV Channels• Standard Broadband• F-Connector RG6 Coax• Audio and Video on the same lineApplications• TV, CCTV, CATV & Satellite• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems• Security & Surveillance Systems• VCR• Computer Capture Cards


Television StandardsTelevision Standards

• National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) Japan and North America (4.43 & 3.58) analog standard

• Phase Alternating Line (PAL) Asia, UK, Europe analog standard

• SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM) France and Russia analog standard

• ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee)• New U.S. digital (DTV) standard; incl. HDTV formats

8 different image formats


RCA ConnectorRCA Connector

RCA• Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect

termination or connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt.

• RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems for video.

Composite Y/C Component

Applications• Most Consumer electronic equipment• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems

DVD, VCR, CATV, Satellite, Game Box, etc.

• Computers Video Capture Cards Video Editing

• Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors• Security & Surveillance Systems


Video

Applications

RCA Connector ApplicationsRCA Connector Applications

yellow RCA/BNC composite video

red RCA/BNC red or Pr/Cr chrominance

green RCA/BNC green or luminance

blue RCA/BNC blue or Pb/Cb chrominance

white BNC horizontal sync

black BNC vertical sync


Composite VideoComposite Video

• Composite video combines all the aspects of a video (RGBHV) into one single signal

• One of the most common video signals• Issues

Decoding Artifacts Dot crawl Color Errors Low Detail


S-Video ConnectorS-Video Connector

S-Video Connectors• 4-Pin mini din connector, separating

video signals into 2 signals Y/C, chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality versus composite video.

Applications• Video Distribution• TV, Cable, Satellite• DVD, Game Boxes• Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors• Security & Surveillance Systems• Home Theater & Entertainment

Systems


S-Video (Y/C)S-Video (Y/C)

• S-Video or Y/C• Method of transmitting video signals

by separating out the chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality.

• By separating the color from the brightness, the distortions encountered can be eliminated.


S-Video SignalsS-Video Signals

Chrominance • Chrominance is abbreviated

with the letter “C” • The color portion of a video

signal carrying the saturation and tint (hue) information for any given point in the image.

• Higher chrominance levels produce more powerful or stronger colors


S-Video SignalsS-Video Signals

Luminance • Luminance is abbreviated

with the letter “Y.” • The black and white portion

of a video signal which carries the information for brightness and darkness and contrast. Luminance ranges from pure black to pure white. When combined with the color portion (chrominance), a complete video image can be developed.


BNC-ConnectorBNC-Connector

BNC-Connector• A professional quality cable termination which is used primarily

in labs and professional studios as an interconnect. • The BNC connector has a thin central pin and an outer rounded

metal belt. The connector pushes onto its jack and twists to the side locking in place.

Applications• TV, CCTV, CATV, Satellite & Monitors• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems • Security & Surveillance Systems• Projectors• Computers• Audio & Speaker Connections• Test Equipment• Wireless


Component VideoComponent Video

• Use Red Blue & Green Cables• 3 Wire for Y, Pr, Pb

An alternative type of componentization

Multiple chrominance channels allow for more precision and speed in mapping the RGB color space.

This scheme is the type of signal is usually what is meant when people talk of component video.

• High Definition Format


15-Pin High Density D-Sub15-Pin High Density D-Sub

HD 15-Pin • Is a standardized connector that is

used in connecting monitors to a PC. Transmits high quality component video signal (RGBHV)

Applications• HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors,

Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens

• Computers, Laptops• Security & Surveillance Systems• High End Home Theater &

Entertainment Systems


SVGA Style VideoSVGA Style Video

High Density 15-Pin D-Sub Connector• Transferring analog video

information from one device to a monitor or viewing station using a high density 15-Pin D-Sub connection. The signal being transmitted is component video which is individual signals such as red, green and blue (RGB) resulting in the highest quality signal transfer and lowest distortion. “SVGA Style” applications also utilize pins 10, 13 & 14 to transmit Vertical and Horizontal Sync signals.


Video Terms and ResolutionsVideo Terms and Resolutions


RGBHVRGBHV

• 5 Separate Signals RGBHV

• No encoding or decoding• Wide Bandwidth• Standard on PC’s and

Laptops• Projectors• Connections

15-Pin HD 5 BNC’s


DVIDVI

DVI • Digital Video Interface• Is a standardized connector that is The

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays and digital projectors.


Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens

• Computers, Laptops• Security & Surveillance Systems• High End Home Theater &

Entertainment Systems


DVI ConnectionsDVI Connections

Digital Video Interface (DVI)• DVI or Digital Visual Interface, a digital interface

standard created by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) to convert analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors.

• Data is transmitted using the transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) protocol, providing a digital signal from the PC's graphics subsystem to the display.

• A single connection encompass both digital and/or legacy VGA interfaces

• DVI handles bandwidths supporting UXGA and HDTV.

• Component Video is being transmitted


DVI ConnectionsDVI Connections

DVI Connectors• The DVI connector come in 3 different styles, depending on signal transmission.

DVI-D (digital only) DVI-A (analog only) DVI-I (digital & analog)

• Video signal: Digital video stream

° (Single) WUXGA 1920 × 1200 @ 60 Hz° (Dual) WQXGA (2560 × 1600) @ 60 Hz

Analog RGB video (-3 db at 400 MHz)

• Data signal: R,G,B data + clock and display data channel

• Bandwidth: (Single) 3.7 Gbit/s (Dual) 7.4 Gbit/s or more

• Pins: 29• Cable Type:

Standard DVI Cable Assemblies° Note: Can Not Be Field Terminated

Standard DVI Distance Limitation° 15 feet 1920 x 1200° 50 feet 1280 x 1024

DVI-I (Single Link)

DVI-I (Dual Link)

DVI-D (Single Link)

DVI-D (Dual Link)

DVI-A


480p, 720i, 1080p What?480p, 720i, 1080p What?

• 1080i/p What does this mean? The number 1080 stands for the number of lines of vertical resolution (1080) The Letter (i/p) represents the type of video – Interlaced or Progressive Scan Ultra High Definition 1440 & 2160

1080 i/p

720p

480 i/p, DV NTSC

576 i/p, PAL

1920 1280 720

480

576

720

10801080 i/p

720p

480 i/p, DV NTSC

576 i/p, PAL

1920 1280 720

480

576

720

1080


What is Interlaced?What is Interlaced?

• Interlace is a technique of improving the picture quality of a video signal by removing flicker without consuming any extra bandwidth giving the perception of more detail. – (half of the bandwidth) Interlaced Scanning is the

separating the frame into two fields

° Odd and Even

Odd Field

Even Field


What is Progressive Scan?What is Progressive Scan?

• Progressive what? Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is any method for

displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.

Full image Line scanned in top to bottom sequence Twice the amount of Bandwidth Advantages

°Easier video authoring °Subjectively higher vertical resolution °Eliminates visual artifacts° Intentional blurring °Faster video processing from source to display


HDMIHDMI

HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface • HDMI is an all-digital audio/video interface

capable of transmitting uncompressed streams. HDMI provides an interface between any compatible digital audio/video source, such as a set-top box, a DVD player, or an AV receiver and a compatible digital audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV).


Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens• Digital Signage• Computers• High End Home Theater & Entertainment

Systems


HDMIHDMI

• Standard HDMI Distance Limitation 28 AWG Cable Assemblies 5-Meters 24 AWG Cable Assemblies 12-Meters Always Check Cable/Device Manufacturer’s

Specifications

• Audio signal: PCM, DVD-Audio, Super Audio CD, Dolby

True HD, DTS-HD Master Audio

• Video signal: 480i, 480p, 576i, 576p, 720p,1080i, 1080p

HDMI Connectors

1. Type A connector has 19 pins, bandwidth supporting SDTV, EDTV, HDTV. The outside dimensions of the plug is 13.9 mm wide by 4.45 mm high. Type A is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D.

2. Type B connector is a higher resolution version defined in HDMI 1.0. 29 pins (21.2 mm wide by 4.45 mm high), allowing it to carry an expanded video channel for use with very high-resolution future displays – (WQSXGA (3200x2048). Type B is electrically compatible with dual-link DVI-D, but is not in general use.

3. The Type C mini-connector is designed for portable multimedia devices (camcorders, cameras, etc). Outside dimensions (10.42 mm by 2.42 mm). Type C has the same 19-pin configuration as Type A.


HDMI StandardsHDMI Standards

HDMI Version & Capabilities 1 1.1 1.2/1.2a 1.3/1.3a/1.3bMaximum signal bandwidth (MHz) 165 165 165 340Maximum TMDS bandwidth (Gbit/s) 4.95 4.95 4.95 10.2Maximum video bandwidth (Gbit/s) 3.96 3.96 3.96 8.16Maximum audio bandwidth (Mbit/s) 36.86 36.86 36.86 36.86Resolutions @ 24bits per pixel 1920x1080p 60Hz 1920x1080p 60Hz 1920x1080p 60Hz 2560x1600p 60HzRGB Yes Yes Yes YesYCbCr Yes Yes Yes YesxvYCC No No No YesDeep Color No No No YesMaximum Color Depth (bits per pixel) 24 24 24 48*Auto lip-sync No No No Yes8channel/192 kHz/24-bit audio Yes Yes Yes YesDolby TrueHD bit stream No No No YesDTS-HD Master Audio bit stream No No No YesBlu-Ray/HD DVD @ full resolution Yes Yes Yes Yes


HDMI 1.3HDMI 1.3

What is HDMI 1.3• Higher speed - 10.2 Gbps

Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz (4.95 Gbps) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support Higher Resolution, Faster Refresh, and Deep Color

• Lip sync correction Audio Sync timing Compensation

• New mini connector Cameras and Camcorders

• Deep Color support Extended color gamut for more natural and realistic color

• Broader color space xvYCC Meets the next generation High Definition Color space


USB ConnectorsUSB Connectors

USB • Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial

bus standard to interface devices. It was originally designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on scanners, printers, handheld devices such as portable memory devices, video game consoles, PDAs and portable media players

Applications• Connecting Peripherals to a

Computer(s) KVM – Keyboards & Mouse devices,

Printers, Scanners, External Storage, Networking components

PDAs, Phones, MP3 Players, Gamepads and Joysticks, Digital Voice Recorders, Digital Cameras and Video Recorders

Pin Function1 V(USB (4.75-5.25 volts) 2 D-3 D+4 GNDShell Shield

Type B

Type A

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A V / Understanding Audio Video. A/V Presented by: Hubbell Premise Wiring Glenn Kierstead Senior...

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