A TOUR OF THE CELL

TEM of Animal Cell

TEM of Plant Cell

Organelles

“Little organs”

Structures inside cells

that carry out specific

activities.

Nucleus

1. Nucleus

Nickname: “The Control

Center”

Function: holds the DNA

Parts:

Nucleolus: dark spot in the

middle of the nucleus that

helps make ribosomes

Surrounded by nuclear

envelope =with pores.

Nuclear Membrane Pores

Centriole

Found in cytoplasm.

Always two of them.

Participate in cell

division.

Made of protein

fibers.

Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell

outside the nucleus.

Ribosomes

2. Ribosomes

Function: makes

proteins

Found in all cells,

prokaryotic and

eukaryotic

Made of RNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Site where lipids and proteins are assembled and delivered

“Roads”

Rough ER = has ribosomes

Smooth ER = no ribosomes = clean up wastes.

Many smooth ER in liver cells.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and

packages proteins

from the ER.

“Shipping station”

Structure = Pancake

stacks.

Vesicle

Function in

transporting

substances out of the

cell = “transport sack”

Are released from the

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Small organelles filled

with enzymes.

Digest and break

down lipids,

carbohydrates, and

proteins.

“Clean-up crew”

Lysosome Animation

http://highered.mcgraw-

hill.com/sites/0072437316/student

_view0/chapter5/animations.html#

Mitochondria

Convert food into energy in the form of ATP.

“Powerhouse of the Cell”

Outer membrane

Inner membrane = folds

Muscles cells have many. Why?

Mitochondria

Cytoskeleton

Network of protein

fibers that help

support the cell.

Helps the cell

maintain its shape.

Also help move

particles across the

cell.

“The Skeleton”

Cell Membrane

Cell membrane =

controls what enters

and leaves the cell =

selectively permeable

“The Gates”

Provides protection

and support.

Phospholipid bilayer

Structures Found in Plants

Only

Chloroplasts

Convert sunlight

energy into chemical

energy =

photosynthesis

Found in plant cells

“Solar electricity”

Vacuoles

Saclike structures

Store materials

(water, salts, proteins,

and carbohydrates)

“Storage room”

Plants contain one

large vacuole filled

with liquid.

Cell Wall

Provides support and

protection for the cell.

Found outside the cell

membrane.

Comparing Plants and Animal Cells:

Venn Diagram Plant Animal

Let’s Practice!

http://www.wisc-

online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?o

bjid=AP11403

The Virtual Cell

http://aimediaserver.com/studiodai

ly/videoplayer/?src=harvard/harva

rd.swf&width=640&height=520

Review Questions

Why do cells that make a lot of protein have more Rough ER than cells that don’t?

Why is it important that the cell’s digestive enzymes are enclosed inside the lysosome?

Compare a cell to a factory, a city, or a school. Use analogies for each organelle.