A systematic review of the statistical scope used in the study of pollinator facilitation
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STATISTICAL TESTS USED IN
PLANT-POLLINATOR
FACILITATION STUDIES
Ally Ruttan
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Introduction
Many plants rely on insects for pollination and co-evolution is common
Facilitation between plants and pollinators = shared access to resources
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Introduction – obligate pollinator
mutualisms
Rely exclusively on each other for
pollination/reproduction
E.g. fig & fig wasp, yucca & yucca moth, orchids &
orchid bees
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Introduction – pollinator
facilitation
+ =
Target Co-flowering
speciesPollinators
+ =
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Purpose
Data in this field takes on many forms…
This review examines the statistical scope of the
literature to date on the study of pollinator
facilitation.
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Objectives
1) Determine the change in use of statistical tests over time
2) Compare use of statistical tests for various sub-disciplines of pollinator facilitation
3) Compare publication frequency and average citations per publication for different test groups
4) Contrast the relationship between diversity of statistical tests and citation rate
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Search technique
plant AND pollinat* AND
facilitat*
Refined by: Environmental science, ecology,
plant science, English-only
496
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Search technique
plant AND pollinat* AND
facilitat*
Refined by: Environmental science, ecology,
plant science, English-only
95
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How often do we use stats?
Yes97%
No3%
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Test usage over time…
0
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1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
Fre
qu
en
cy
Year
ANOVA mean (SD/SE) regression/Correlation t-test
mixed effects model chi-square re-sampling ordination
none other
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Test usage by topic/discipline
0
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70F
req
uen
cy
36 16 25 10 11 4 2 2 1
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17 14 10
1412
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42 1
21 4 2 15 1
3 1
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
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60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Per
cen
tag
e
neighbour-effect pollination biology invasion biology agriculture other
A.
B.
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Publications vs. citations by test
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10
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Publications Average citations
Nu
mb
er o
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ud
ies
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Publications Average citations
Nu
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er o
f st
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Publications Average citations
Nu
mb
er o
f S
tud
ies
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Test diversity vs. citation rate
R² = 0.1152
0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Avera
ge c
itati
on
s/y
ear
Diversity of tests
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Key Results
ANOVAs, means, and regressions/correlations
used most frequently
Neighbour-effect and invasion biology studies
used more extensive tests compared to pollination
biology
Ordinations, re-sampling techniques and t-tests
received the most citations
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Novel pathways…
Effect size estimates rarely used;
useful for teasing apart facilitative vs.
competitive effects
Network analyses to highlight
important pathways and
unanticipated interactions
Rarefaction curves/ordinations should be implemented
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But…
Must still take experimental design into account
Not all tests can be applied in every scenario
Test assumptions must be met