A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

IN THE HOBBIT : THE BATTLE OF THE FIVE ARMIES INTO

PERTEMPURAN LIMA TENTARA

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requrements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in Department of English Education

by:

VERNANDA AYU SAPUTRI

A 320 120 284

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

English Departement

A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES IN THE

HOBBIT: THE BATTLE OF THE FIVE ARMIES INTO PERTEMPURAN

LIMA TENTARA

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe-tipe kalimat perintah

dalam penerjemahannya dan untuk mendeskripsikan sesuai dan tidaksesuainya kalimat yang terdapat dalam kalimat perintah dengan penerjemahnya dalam film The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies.Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dari metode ini, peneliti menggunakan film The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies sebagai sumber data, dan datanya adalah kalimat-kalimat perintah. Peneliti menggunakan observasi untuk mengumpulkan data. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan metode perbandingan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pertama, peneliti menemukan 325 data yang termasuk dalam kalimat perintah dan ada 4 tipe kalimat perintah, antara lain (1) kalimat perintah tanpa subjek terdiri dari 200 data atau 61,54%, (2) kalimat perintah dengan subjek terdiri dari 103 data atau 31,70%, (3) kalimat perintah dengan kata biarkan atau ijinkan terdiri dari 4 data atau 1,23%, (4) kalimat perintah yang negatif terdiri dari 18 data atau 5,53%. Hasil yang kedua, peneliti menemukan 1.258data yang termasuk kesesuaian dalam penerjemahan, ada 1.203 data atau 95,63% yang termasuk penerjemahan yang sesuai dan ada 55 data atau 4,37% termasuk dalam ketidak sesuaian penerjemahan. Jadi penerjemahan dari film The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies ini baik.

Kata kunci: terjemahan, kalimat perintah, kesesuaian, ketidak sesuaian.

Abstracts

The objectives of this study are to classify the types of imperative sentence in subtitling and to describe the equivalence and non equivalenece of the imperative sentence with the target language in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie.The researcher employs descriptive qualitative method. By this method, the researcher uses the subtitling of The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies as the source data, and the data are imperative sentences. The researcher uses observation in collecting data. The collected data are analyzed by comparison method.The results of this research paper show that first, the researcher finds 325 data of imperative sentences and there are 4 types of imperative sentence, namely (1) imperative sentence without subject consisting 200 data or 61,54%, (2) imperative sentence with subject consisiting 103 data or 31,70%, (3) imperative sentence with let consisting 4 data or 1,23%, (4) negative imperative sentence consisting 18 data or 5,53%. The second, the researcher finds 1.258 data of equivalent subtitling, there are 1.203 data or 95,63% belongs to equivalent subtitling and 55 data or 4,37% belongs to non equivalent subtitling. So, the translation of subtitling The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies is good.

Keywords: subtitling, imperative sentence, equivalence, non equivalence.

1. INTRODUCTION

Subtitles are the written versions of the conversation or dialogue which occur in the

movie. This subtitle ussualy written at the bottom of the screen. Hassanpour (2011) states

that “subtitling is the written translation of the spoken language (source language) of a

television program or film into the language of the viewing audience (the target language);

the translated text usually appears in two lines at the foot of the screen simultaneously with

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the dialogue or narration in the source language.” The purpose of subtitling is to help the

audience enjoy the movie. Subtitling not only useful for those who do not understand the

spoken language but also those who hard to hear and having trouble of hearing or deaf.

Another thing which make subtitling become a complex task because subtitling always

involves two languages, the source ang the target language, which must have so many

differences. Ginory and Scimone (1995: 11) state that “ The origin language is called source

language (SL) while the language a text to be transferred is called target language (TL).”

Catford (1965: 20) difines translation as “the replacement of textual material is one language

(SL) by equivalent material in another language (TL).” The different linguistic system can

cause some problem for a subtitler. The problem faced by subtitler in subtitling process can

eventually cause the inaccurate, unacceptable, or unreadable subtitling.

Sentences are generally classified into two ways, by number of formal predications and

by types. The sentences classified by the number of formal predictions are; simple sentence,

compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. Whereas

sentences classified by the types are; declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory

sentence, and imperative sentence (Frank, 1972: 220)here, the writer classified by the types.

Subtitling that derived from the conversation occurs in the movie consist of many kind of

sentence types, such as declarative sentence, interrogattive sentence, and exclamatory

sentence. Type of the sentence uses in subtitling must be in well form, in order the message

of the movie is not lost. And the type of the sentence must be grammatically correct. This

research will deal with the imperative sentence. Imperative sentence is a sentence that gives

a command, direction or request. Imperative sentence consists only of predicate with verb in

infinitive form. The implied subject is “you”. Sometimes, the imperative sentence ends in

exclamation mark. So it is interested thing for the researcher to analyze imperative sentences.

Beside that the use of imperative forms occur in daily conversation.

According to Levinson (2000:5) states that prgamatics is the study of language usage.

Pragmatic focuses on the meaning of utterance of rather than the meaning of the sentence.

While Kreidler (1998: 18) he states that pragmatics is another branch of linguistics that is

concerned with meaning. Based on description, pragmatics is the study of relationship

between laanguage and people who used them. It is the stage of linguistics decipline dealing

with the psychal data of speech, meaning and context of the utterances.

From the whole definition above, it can be inffered that pragamatics is the study of

speaker meaning considering the context and how the language is used.

According to Searle (in Levinson 1976: 240) that there are just five basics of action that

one can perform in speaking, by means of the following five types of utterances, namely

respresentatives, directives, commisives, expressives, declarations.

According to Hellen J.Lever (2000: 30), subtitles can be defined as „transcription of film

or TV dialogue, presented simultaneously on the screen‟. Hendrik Gottlieb describes it as

vertical „in the sense that it involves taking speech down in writing, changing mode but not

language‟. Interlingual subtitling , on the other hand, refers to both a change in mode and

language, going „form one language into another language, and from spoken dialogue into a

written, condensed transalation which appears on the screen.‟

The movie that the researcher observed is The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies

moviedirectedby Petter Jackson. The researcher wants to search the imperative sentences in

The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies. The data are sentences containing imperative

sentence. The imperative sentences which are in subtitling of The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five

Armies movie. The method of collecting data is observation method. Subtitling containing

imperative sentence as the example:

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1. Utterance (SL) : Come here!

Subtitling (TL) : Kemari !

The imperative sentence above on number 1 starts with the word come as a verb; it

indicated that the sentence is imperative. The subject (you) does not appear in sentence

above, so it belongs to imperative sentence without subject.

2. Utterance (SL) : You be quite!

Subtitling (TL) : Kau diamlah!

The imperative sentence above on number 2 starts with the word you as a subject: it

indicated that the sentence called imperative sentece with subject, because the subject (you)

does appear in the sentence above.

The objectives of study are to clarify the types of imperative sentences and its subtitling

found in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie and to describe the equivalence of

imperative sentences with the target language in The Hobbit: The Batlle Batlle of The Five Armies

and its subtitle.

The previous study shows that the writer‟s research paper is different from the

other researchers, there are four previous studies from the other researchers.

The first study conducted by Hardika (UMS, 2010) entitled “ An Analysis of

Imperative Sentences of Iron Man 3 Movie and Their Subtitling”. The objectives of this study are to

describe the types of imperative sentence in subtitling, and to describe the equivalence and

non equivalence of imperative sentence with the target language in Iron Man 3 movie. The

writer employs descriptive qualitative method. By this method, the writer uses the subtitling

of Iron Man 3 movie as the source data, and the data are imperative sentence. The writer

uses observation in collecting the data. The collected data are analyzed by comparison

method.

The results of this research paper show that first, the writer finds that there are 2

types of imperative sentence, namely; (1) positive imperative sentence consisting 165 data

or 84. 62 %, (2) negative imperative sentence consisting 30 data or 15.38 %. The second, the

writer finds that from 195 data, there are 175 data or 89.74 % belongs to equivalent

subtitling and 20 data or 10.26 % belongs to non equivalent subtitling. So, the translation of

subtitling Iron Man 3 is good.

2. RESEARCH METHOD

This study uses descriptive qualitative method in purpose to identify and categorize the

type of imperative sentence in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie and describe the

equivalent and non-equivalent of subtitling in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie.

Bodgan and Biklen (1992) state that qualitative research characterized by description in

forms or words or sentences. Qualitative can be done through library and field research. It

contains of description learning about subtitling imperative sentences that found in The

Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies. So, the research applied in this study is descriptive

research. The object of the study is The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script. In

this study uses documentation since the data source are document as the processing of

method of collecting data after that analyze the type of imperative sentences and its

subtitling. Then, the writer determines the most used form of imperative sentences and

summerize the variations of subtitling occured as well as verifying the equivalent of

subtitling.

3. RESEARCH FINDINGS

From the analysis data, the researcher gets 325 data of imperative sentences, it can be

explain bellow:

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a. The Type of Imperative Sentences

1. Imperative Sentence without Subject

In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the

researcher finds 200 or 61,54% data belongs to imperative sentence without

subject. The analysis of imperative sentence without subject is conveyed bellow:

ISWOS10 (V+adv) into ISWOSj (V+O+adv)

028/TBFA-PLT/2014

Utterance (SL) : Look! Down here!Now!

Subtitling (TL) : Lihatlah! Kebawah sini sekarang!

Look in this sentence is ISWOS10 which have V+adv form. The

imperative sentence above on data number 028 is a word look. It uses the form

infinitive of verb without to and ended with exclamation point (!). So, the sentence

indicates imperative sentence without subject. It is called V+adv form because verb

in this sentence followed by adv of place. In this sentence is a variation form of

ISOWS10 into ISWOSj. The sentence form is changed or in translation we called

structure shift, but it has equal meaning at all.

2. Imperative Sentence With Subject

In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher

finds 103 or 31,70% data belongs to imperative sentence with subject. The analysis

of imperative sentence with subject is conveyed bellow:

ISWS28(S+V+to.inf) into ISWSc (S+V)

001/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014

Utterance (SL) : You were supposed to leave!

Subtittling (TL) : Kau harus pergi !

The sentence above uses You + V2 + to.inf form , followed by object. This

sentence ended with exclamation, it indicates that the sentence is imperative

sentece. The using of I above means that Bard orders Bain to leave him becuase

those place is dangerous. The using of You means that the type of imperative

sentece above is imperative sentence with subject. In this sentence is a variation

form ISWS28 into ISWOSc. Though the sentence form changed, the meaning does

not change at all.

3. Imperative Sentence With Let

In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher

finds 4 or 1, 23% data belongs to imperative sentence without let. The analysis of

imperative sentence with let is conveyed bellow:

ISWL3 (V+O+V+O) into ISWLd (V+O+V+V+O)

808/TBFA-PLT/2014

Utterance (SL) : Let's give these bastards a good hammering!

Subtitling (TL) : Mari kita berikan pukulan pada keparat ini.

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The datum above is indicated by the word let which is followed by us. This

imparative sentence uses let + us then followed by Verb 1 form and Object. In this

case, let+us means that the speaker orders the addressee to give a good hammering

to the Bastards. This sentence is a variant from ISWL3 into ISWLd. Though the

sentence form changed, the meaning is equal at all.

4. Negative Imperative Sentence

In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher

finds 18 or 5,53% data belongs to negative imperative sentence. The analysis of

negative imperative sentence is conveyed bellow:

NIS2 (Don‟t+V+O+V) into NISf (Don‟t+V+O+conj+O)

423/TBFA-PLT/2014

\ Utterance (SL) : Don‟t tell me what they have lost.

Subtitling (TL) :Jangan beritahu aku tentang kehilangan mereka.

The imperative sentence above uses don’t as the word interdiction. The

word don’t in that sentence is the someone‟s command to interdict the other to do

something, especially prohibition command. In this sentence the hearer or the

second person doesn‟t mention again because it is considered understood. So,it can

be concluded that based on the datum above is negative imperative sentence. In

this case is variant from NIS2 into NISb. Though the sentence form changed, the

meaning does not change at all.

b. Equivalent of Subtitling

They are divided into two indicators from 1258 data, then it is elaborated as

follows:

a. Equivalent

The analysis of equivalent subtitling is conveyed bellow:

011/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014

Utterance (SL) :Save all the gold! You heard him.

Subtitling (TL) : Simpan semua emasnya!Kalian dengar.

The target language above belongs to equivalent subtitle. It is because the

datum above shows that the target language (TL) is translated correctly. There is no

deletion or addition in the translation of the target langauge. Also the sentence is

translated into word by word. Though the sentence form changed, the meaning

does not change at all.

Based on the explanation above the data simpan semua emasnya. Can be

asssumed as equivalent subtitle.

029/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014

Utterance (SL) : Give me your hand!

Subtitling (TL) : Ulurkan tanganmu!

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The datum above classifies as equivalent subtitle. It is so becacause the

datum shows that the target language (TL) is translated correctly. The subtitling of

imperative sentence above is considered to be equivalent because the subtitling is

not lost information from the sentence context. The target language is translated

into word by word. It can be seen both of source language or target language have

the same meaning. According to the analysis above, the subtitling ulurkan tanganmu

has been equivalent subtitle.

As conclusion, the researcher states that from 1258 data, there are 1203

data or 95,63% belong to equivalent subtitling, including the classification.

b. Non-equivalent

The following analysis of collected data are:

077/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014

Utterance (SL) : ..that would stand..

Subtitling (TL) : ..yang berani..

The subtitle above belongs to non-equivalent, the phrase that would stand is

transferred into yang berani. It belongs to non-equivalent because the first speaker

Tauriel asks to Bain who stand there, but English language that would stand!is

translated into yang berani.

Based on the fact is categorized as non-equivalent. The Indonesian

langauge should be “yang sedang berdiri” because the first sentence said who are you...

and the next sentence said you looks so pity. So, the sentence that would stand is

indicated as non-equivalent.

085/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014

Utterance (SL) : I answer to the likes of you..

Subtitling (TL) : daripada aku mematuhimu..

The target language of the datum is non-equivalent. It is because the

source language is not translated corectly. The subtitler is obscuring the message

because it does not give enough information about the meaning. The target

language is not suitable with the sentece context of the source language.

Based on the analysis above, the subtitling daripada aku mematuhimu,not

equivalent with the Source Language (SL). The target language should be

daripadaaku harus menyukuaimu.

As conclusion, the researcher states that from 1258 data, there are 55 data

or 4,37% belong to non-equivalent subtitling, including the classification.

4. CONCLUSION

Based on the complete analysis and the previous chapter, the researcher may draw the

following conclusions:

a. There are four types of imperative sentences found in subtitle of The Hobbit; The Battle of

The Five Armies movie. They are imperative sentence without subject, imperative

sentence with subject, imperative sentenec with let, negative imperative sentenece, From

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325 data, there are 200 or 61,54% data belong to imperative sentence without subject,

there are 38 variation forms of imperative sentence without subject from English form

into Indonesian form: V+Prepo+adv into V+Adv, adv+V+Adv into Adv+Adv,

Adj+O into Adj+V, N+V into V+O, V+Prepo into V+Adv,V+V, V+O+prepo into

V+n, V+O+V into V+O, V+Prepo+O into V+adv, V+O, V+O+mod into V+O,

V+adv+adv into V+adv, V+O+O into V+O, V+adv into V+V, V+V into adv+adv,

V+Adj, V+O into adv+V, N+V+adv into N+V+O, adv+O+V into adv+V+O,

V+conj+O into V+O, V+O+n+prepo+O into V+O+n, V+NP into V+O,

Adv+V+O+O into Adv+V+O, VP+Conj+O into V+O, V+V.Ing into N+adv,

V+N+V into V+V+N, V+N+VP into V+N+O, VP+to.inf+adv into VP+V+adv,

V+O+Conj+Adv into V+O+Adv, V+n+Conj+ad into V+n+adv, N+V into V+N,

Conj+adv+adv into adv+adv, V+V+O into V+adv, V+O+V.ing into V+O,

V+O+V+VP intoV+O+V, V+O+artc+O intoV+O+O, V2+O+V+O into

V+O+V+O+V, V+O+conj+O into V+O+O, V+O+to.inf into V+O+V, Prepo+adv

into V+adv, V+prepo+V into V+V, 103 or 31,70% data belong to imperative sentence

with subject there are 25 variant forms of imperative sentence with subject from English

into Inonedia form: S+V+O+adv into S+V+V+adv, S+V+prepo into S+V, S+V+O,

S+to.inf+O intoS+V+O, S+V, S+V+to.inf into S+V, S+V+V, S+V+O into S+V,

S+prepo+O into S+V+O, S+V.ing into S+v, S+mod+V into S+V, S+V+adv into

S+V, S+V+V+O into S+V+O, S+V+adv, S+n+V+to.inf into S+n+V, S+V+VP into

S+V, S+mod+V+O+V+O into S+V+N+V+O, S+V+adv into S+V+O+adv,

S+V3+V into S+V+V, S+VP into S+V, S+V+VP+adv into S+V+adv, S+VP+V into

S+V+V, S+mod+V+O into S+V+O, S+V+NP into S+adv+N, S+V+V+O+N+O+V

into S+V+O+V+O, S+mod+Adj into S+Adv+V, S+V2+O into S+V+O,

S+V+O+S+mod into S+V+O+O, S+VO+VP into S+V+O+adv, 4 or 1,23% data

belong to imperative sentence with let,there are 2 variant forms of imperative snetence

with let from English into Indonesian form: V+O+V+O into V+O+V+V+O,

V+O+V+O into V+Oand 18 or 5,53% data belong to negative imperative sentence.

There are 5 variant forms of negative imperative sentence from English into Indonesian

form: Don‟t+V+O+V into Don‟t V+O, Don‟t+V+O into Don‟t+V+O+V,

Don‟t+V+O into Don‟t+V+V+O, Neg+mod+V into Don‟t+V+O,Don‟t+V+O+V

into Don‟t+V+O+conj+V. The percentages show that imperative sentence without

subject is the most dominant. It is so, because the speakers in the movie want to get

more information.

b. There are 1224 data or 95, 63% are equivalent, while there are 55 data or 4,37% belong

to non equivalent. From the preceded percentages, it can be concluded that the

subtitling of imperative sentences found in The Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie

into its subtitle is an equivalent subtitling.

From the data and anlysis found by the researcher about imperative sentenece on The

Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie. It is conclude that the subtitling The Hobbit;

The Battle of The Five Armies movie has equivalent and suitable with target language. It can

be seen from the sentence context.

DEDICATION This research paper is wholly dedicated to the greatest ones Allah SWT, her

beloved mom, dad,, sisters, and friends.

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