i

A STUDY ON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY ENGLISH

TEACHER IN TEACHING SPEAKING FOR SEVENTH GRADE

STUDENTS AT SMP AISYIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MALANG

THESIS

BY:

DEVI EKA HARTANTRI

NIM 201010100311182

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADYAH MALANG

2015

ii

A STUDY ON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY ENGLISH

TEACHER IN TEACHING SPEAKING FOR SEVENTH GRADE

STUDENTS AT SMP AISYIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana

Degree in English Education.

BY:

DEVI EKA HARTANTRI

NIM 201010100311182

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADYAH MALANG

2015

i

ii

iii

iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

Tidak Semua Masalah Harus Ditemukan Solusinya. Terkadang,

Kita Memang Hanya Perlu Bersabar dan Berserah Diri

- Anonymous -

Barang Siapa Ingin Mutiara, Harus Berani Terjun di Laut

yang Dalam

- SOEKARNO-

Life is Like Riding a Bicycle. To Keep Your Balance, You Must Keep Moving

- Albert Einstein -

DEDICATIONS:

First of all I’d like to thank to Allah SWT

And our Rasulullah Muhammad SAW

I dedicate this thesis to:

My Beloved Parents,

My Young Sister, and

My Best Friends Cindya Ega and all of my friends from PB. Tawon

Badminton Club and International Relations Office (IRO)…….Love

you guys…!!

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

First of all, praise to Allah S.W.T the mercifull and almighty for the

guidance and blessing be on Muhammad S.A.W the last prophet in the world.

In this occasion, the writer also would like to express her faithful gratitude to:

Mrs. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. as the first advisor and Mrs. Rahmawati

Khadijah Maro, S.Pd, M.PEd. as the second advisor, who have given the patience

guidance, advice, correction, and suggestion for the completion of this thesis.

The head master of English Department Mr. Sudiran, M.Hum. and all of

the lectures of English Department, who have given supply of knowledge during

her study in University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Mrs. Endang Setyowati, S.Pd. as the Headmaster of SMP Aisyiyah

Muhammadiyah 3 Malang, who have given the chance to conduct this research.

Beloved parents Suhardi and Tri Lestari and my young sister Lidya Dwi

Puspitasari who have showed all of their care, complete understanding and their

silent prayer.

All my beloved friends who always give a lot of support and stay beside

me. Thank you for your kindness and support.

Hopefully, may Allah S.W.T always bless them all and write their kindness as

worship.

Malang, July 30, 2015

The writer,

Devi Eka Hartantri

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL..................................................................................... … i

LEGALIZATION................................................................................. ii

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY……………………………. iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION............................................................. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................... v

ABSTRACT........................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF CONTENT......................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study..................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems.................................... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study............................................ 3

1.4 Significances of the Study.................................... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study........................ 5

1.6 Definition of Key Terms......................................... 5

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Communication ………........................................... 6

2.1.1 Communication Strategies…………………... 6

2.2 Kinds of Communication Strategies........................ 7

2.2.1 Language Switch…………………………… 7

2.2.2 Asking for Repetition………………………. 8

2.2.3 Asking for Clarification……………………. 9

2.2.4 Asking for Confirmation……………………. 10

viii

2.2.5 Comprehension Check………………………. 10

2.3 English Speaking Skill.........................,.................... 11

2.3.1 Speaking Function…………………………. 12

2.3.1.1 Talk as Interaction……………………. 12

2.3.1.2 Talk as Transaction…………………… 13

2.3.1.3 Talk as Performance………………….. 14

2.3.2 Influencing Factor in Speaking…………….. 15

2.3.2.1 Lack of Motivation……………………. 15

2.3.2.2 Lack of Subject Matter……………….. 15

2.3.2.3 Lack of Proper Vocabulary…………… 16

2.3.2.4 Lack of Confidence…………………… 16

2.3.2.5 Improper Listening Skill……………….. 16

2.3.2.6 Poor Non – Verbal Communication……. 16

2.4 Teaching English Speaking for Junior High School.. 17

2.4.1 Curriculum 2013 in Teaching English….......... 17

2.4.2 Procedures in Teaching English……............. 18

2.4.2.1 Identify Target Task.................................. 18

2.4.2.2 Provide Model………………………….. 18

2.4.2.3 Identify Enabling Skill………………….. 18

2.4.2.4 Device Pedagogic Task…………………. 19

2.4.3 Materials in Teaching English………………… 19

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design........................................................ 21

3.2 Research Subject....................................................... 22

ix

3.3 Research Instrument.................................................. 23

3.3.1 Observation.................................................... 23

3.3.1.1 Participant Observation………………… 23

3.3.1.2 Unobtrusive/Non-participant Observation 24

3.3.2 Interview…………………………………….. 24

3.4 Procedure of Data Collection……………………… 25

3.5 Data Analysis……………………………………… 26

CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Finding........................................................ 27

4.1.1 Kinds of Communication Strategies Used

by English Teacher in Classroom Activity...... 27

4.2 When the Teacher Applied Those CSs...................... 33

4.2.1 Games………………………………………. 33

4.2.2 Gestures…………………………………….. 35

4.3 The Difficulties of Using the Communication

Strategies................................................................. 36

4.4 Discussion……………………………………….. 36

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion................................................................ 38

5.2 Suggestion................................................................ 38

5.2.1 For the English Teachers.......................... 38

5.2.2 For the Next Researcher……………........ 39

REFERENCES

APPENDIXES

x

REFERENCES

Ary, Donald. et. all. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition.

New York: Wadsworth Chengage Learning.

Bogdan, R. C. et. all. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduce to

Theories and Methods.

Brown, H. D. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching (5th ed.). New

York: Pearson Education, Inc.

Carter, Ronald. et. all. 2001. The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to

Speakers of Other Languages. New York. Cambridge University Press

Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and

Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th

Edition). Boston.

Pearson Education, Inc.

Creswell, John W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed

Methods Approaches (3rd Edition). Sage Publications, Inc.

Dornyei, Zoltan. 1997. Communication Strategies in a Second Language:

Definition and Taxonomies. Hungary. Eotvos University and Brigham

Young University.

Driscoll, Dana L. 2011. Introduction to Primary Research: Observations, Surveys,

and Interviews. California. Library of Congress Cataloging.

Egan, Kathleen B. 1999. Speaking: A Critical Skill and a Challenge. Virginia.

Federal Language Learning Laboratory.

Hadaway, Nancy L. et. all. 2010. Matching Books and Readers. New York. The

Guilford Press.

Kemendikbud. 2013. Struktur dan Isi Kurikulum. Jakarta: Kementrian Pendidikan

dan Kebudayaan.

Langer, Judith A. 2000. Guidelines for Teaching Middle and High School

Students to Read and Write Well: Six Features of Effective Instruction.

New York: National Research Center on English Learning &

Achievement.

Latha, B. M. et. all. 2012. Teaching English as A Second Language: Factors

Affecting Learning Speaking Skills. India. International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

40

xi

Lunenburg, Fred C. 2010. Communication: The Process, Barriers, and Improving

Effectiveness. Texas. Sam Houston State University

McMillan, H. James. 1996. Educational Research Fundamental for the Cunsumer

(2nd

Edition). New York. HarperCollins Publishers.

Moursund, Dave. 2007. Introduction to Using Games in Education: A Guide for

Teachers and Parents. Oregon. University of Oregon.

Nunan, David. 1991. Communicative Tasks and the Language Curriculum.

TESOL Quarterly Vol. 25, No. 2, Summer 1991 279 – 295.

Richards, Jack C. 2005. Materials Development and Research – Making the

Connection. San Antonio. Colloquium on Research and Materials

Development (TESOL Convention)

Richards, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to

Practice. New York. Cambridge University Press

Rodriguez, Carmen A. 2012. The Use of Communication Strategies in the

Beginner EFL Classroom. Mexico. Gist Education and Learning

Research Journal

Sarab, Mohammad R. A. 2003. Communication Strategies in Second Language

Teacher Talk With Special Reference to Iranian Teachers of English. The

University of Leeds.

Sari, Murni J. 2013. Communication Strategy used by Native and Non Native

English Teachers In Teaching English To Young Learners at EF -

English First Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Sukmadinata, Nana S. 2010. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung. PT.

Remaja Rosdakarya.

Tellier, Marion. 2008. The Effect of Gestures on Second Language Memorisation

by Young Children. France. Université de Provence.

Ting, Su-Hie. et. all. 2008. Adjusting Communication Strategies to Language

Proficiency. Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Serawak

Wahyuni, Sari. 2012. Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice. Jakarta

Selatan. Penerbit Salemba Empat

(https://www.google.co.id/search?site=&source=hp&ei=K0uVVLrFBISyuATkpYL

QCQ&q=what+is+english+teacher&oq=what+is+english+teacher&gs_l=mobile-

gws-

hp.12..0j0i22i30l4.287.9004.0.10930.24.22.0.6.6.2.1072.9304.0j1j4j5j2j5j2j1.20.0.m

41

xii

sedr...0...1c.1.60.mobile-gws-

hp..6.18.5985.0.qkyn2oOmj14#q=definition+of+non+native+english+teacher)

(December, 20 2014, at 5.20 pm)

(http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_grade) (December, 20 2014, at 5.35 pm)

42