A Study of the Bandwidth Management Architecture over IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
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A Study of the Bandwidth Management Architecture over IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
Student : Sih-Han ChenAdvisor : Ho-Ting WuDate : 2008.5.6
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Outline
• Introduction of IEEE802.16 QoS• Proposed QoS System Architecture
– Pairing Call Admission Control– Bandwidth Borrowing on CAC level– Two Stage Bandwidth Allocation
• Simulation Result• Conclusion and Future Work
4/29/2008Page 2
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Wireless TechnologiesBandwidth
1 Gbps
100 Mbps
10 Mbps
1 Mbps
PAN LAN MAN WAN<1m 10m 100m Up to 50Km Up to 80Km
802.15.1Bluetooth
Wi-Fi802.11a/g
Wi-Fi802.11b
802.15.3High Speed
WirelessPAN
Wi-MAX802.16
(802.16-2004 & 802.16e)
4G
3G
2.5G
IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.16 3GPP
PAN: Personal area networksMAN: Metropolitan area networks
LAN: Local area networks Wide area networks
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IEEE 802.16 Operation ModePoint to MultiPoint (PMP) Mode Mesh Mode (Optional)
(a) (b)
Mesh SS
Mesh SS WiMAXBackhaulnetwork
SS
SS
SS
SSBS
Mesh SS
Base Station (BS)
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MAC Common Part Sublayer
• Defines multiple-access mechanism
• Functions :– connection establishment– connection maintenance– Call admission control – bandwidth request– bandwidth allocation
MAC Common Part Sublayer
(MPC)
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IEEE 802.16 TDD frame structureFrame n-1 Frame n Frame n+1
DL Subframe UL Subframe
Preamble FCH DL-Burst #1
DL-Burst #2-4
DL-Burst #5
DL-Burst #6
TTG
RTG
Initialranging
BWrequest
UL-Burst #1
UL-Burst #2
DLFP DL-MAP UL-MAP MAC messages, Mac PDUs
IEIE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE
Preamble FCH DL-Bursts#1-4 DL-Burst #5 DL-Burst #6 Initialranging
BWrequest
UL-Burst #1
UL-Burst #2
Preamble(optional)
MACPDU
MACPDU
Pad PreambleMACPDU
MACPDU
Midamble(optional)
MACPDU
MACPDU
Pad
每個UL-Burst內的資料,都必須來自同一台SS每個DL-Burst內的資料,有可能是要送給不同SS
IE IE
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DL-MAP and UL-MAP
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Downlink Subframe
Broadcast
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Uplink Subframe
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Media Acces Control (MAC)
• Connection orienteded– Service Flow(SF)– Connection ID (CID)
• Channel access:– UL-MAP
• Defines uplink channel access• Defines uplink data burst profiles
– DL-MAP• Defines downlink data burst profiles
– UL-MAP and DL-MAP are both transmitted in the beginning of each downlink subframe (FDD and TDD).
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Bandwidth Request
• SSs may request bandwidth in 3 ways:– Use the ”contention request opportunities”
interval upon being polled by the BS (unicast, multicast or broadcast poll)
– Send a standalone MAC message called ”BW request” in an already granted slot
– Piggyback a BW request message on a data packet
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Bandwidth Allocation• BS grants/allocates bandwidth in one of two
modes– Grant Per Subscriber Station (GPSS)– Grant Per Connection (GPC)
• Decision based on requested BW, QoS parameters and available resources
• Grants are realized through the UL-MAP
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Service Classes
• Unsolicited Grant Services (UGS): – Constant Bit Rate (CBR) services, – T1/E1 emulation, and Voice Over IP (VoIP)
• Real-Time Polling Services (rtPS): – real-time services variable size data packets– MPEG video or VoIP with silence suppression.
• Non-Real-Time Polling Services (nrtPS): – Used for delay tolerant traffic requiring some minimum data rate– FTP
• Best Effort Services (BE) :– Used for streams with no rate guarantees.– WEB , HTTP
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IEEE 802.16 QoS Provisioning
• Service Flow QoS Scheduling• Dynamic Service Establishment• Two-phase Activation
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Service Flow• The central concept of the MAC protocol• A service flow is a unidirectional flow of
packets that is provided a particular QoS.• SS and BS provide this QoS according to the
QoS parameter set.• Existing in both uplink and downlink and may
exist without being activated.• Must have a 32bit SFID, besides admitted and
active status also have a 16-bit CID
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Attributes of a Service Flow
• Service Flow ID• CID• Provisioned Qos Parameter Set• Admitted QoS Parameter Set• Active QoS Parameter Set• Authorization Module
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Relationship of QoS Parameter Set
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Authorized QoS Parameter Set = Provisioned QoS Parameter Set(SFID)
Admitted QoS Parameter Set(SFID & CID)
Active QoS Parameter Set(SFID & CID)
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Type of Service Flow• Provisioned Service Flows
– Provided by external network management system– Admitted and Active QoSParamSet are NULL
• Admitted Service Flows– Reserved resource according AdmittedQoSParamSet,
but not yet activated– First Stage of two-phase activation model
• Active Service Flows– Active QoS Parameter Set is non-NULL – Second Stage of two-phase activation model
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Dynamic Service Management• Dynamic Service Activate (DSA)
– Activate a service flow
• Dynamic Service Change (DSC)– Change an existing service flow
• Dynamic Service Delete (DSD)– Delete a service flow
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Dynamic Service Establishment
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DSA message flow SS-initiated DSA message flow BS-initiated
(a) (b)
SS
DSX-RVD
DSA-REQ
(Without SFID and CID)
BS
DSA-RSP
DSA-ACK
SS
DSA-REQ
BS
DSA-ACK
DSA-RSP
(SFID and Transport CID)
(SFID and Transport CID)
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Outline
• Introduction of IEEE802.16 QoS• Proposed QoS System Architecture
– Pairing Call Admission Control– Bandwidth Borrowing on CAC level– Two Stage Bandwidth Allocation
• Simulation Result• Conclusion and Future Work
4/29/2008Page 21
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Proposeed QoS Architecture
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Two Stage Bandwidth Allocation
Downlink Packet Scheduler
Cor
e N
etw
ork
ApplicationsPair Call Admission Control
BandwidthBorrowingAgent
Uplink Packet Scheduler
Downlink Data Traffic
Connection Request
Connection Response
UGS
rtPS
nrtPS
BE
UplinkData Traffic
Two Stage Bandwidth Allocation
UGS
rtPS
nrtPS
BE
Down Stream(DL/UL MAP)
Up Stream
BS SS
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Outline
• Introduction of IEEE802.16 QoS• Proposed QoS System Architecture
– Pairing Call Admission Control– Bandwidth Borrowing on CAC level– Two Stage Bandwidth Allocation
• Simulation Result• Conclusion and Future Work
4/29/2008Page 23
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Abbreviations Definition
Total System Bandwidth Resource
Remaining Available System Bandwidth Resource
Connection Request
Peak Traffic Rate of DL Connection Request
Average Traffic Rate of DL/UL Connection Request
Min Traffic Rate of DL/UL Connection Request
Reserved Bw for DL/UL Connection after CAC
totalRavailableR
/DL UL
PeakRateCr/DL UL
AvgRateCr/DL UL
MinRateCr/DL UL
BwRsv
Cr
Pairing Call Admission Control
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Connection Response
Is UGS? Is rtPS?
Pairing Call Admission Control
Is rtPS? Is rtPS?
Connection Request
/ /DL UL DL UL
Bw PeakRateRsv Cr
/ /
/
2
DL UL DL UL
DL UL PeakRate AvgRate
Bw
Cr CrRsv
/ /
/
2
DL UL DL UL
DL UL AvgRate MinRate
Bw
Cr CrRsv
//
2
DL ULDL UL MinRateBw
CrRsv
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Is UGS?
Pair Connection Request
/ /DL UL DL UL
Bw PeakRateRsv Cr
/ /
/
2
DL UL DL UL
DL UL PeakRate AvgRate
Bw
Cr CrRsv
/ /
/
2
DL UL DL UL
DL UL AvgRate MinRate
Bw
Cr CrRsv
//
2
DL ULDL UL MinRateBw
CrRsv
Is rtPS?
Is nrtPS?
Is BE?
DL UL
BwRsv
Ravailable >=
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
NEnable BandwidthBorrowing ?
Y
Accept Pair Call
N
Reject Call
N
Y
Go Bandwidth Borrowing Agent
Pairing Call Admission Control
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