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A STUDY OF STRESS MANAGEMENT ON PRIVATE

BANKS EMPLOYEES AND IMPACT OF STRESS ON

EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH

Dr. Mini Amit Arrawatia1, Deepanshi

2

1Assistant Professor,

2Research Scholar

1,2Jayoti Vidyapeeth Womens’ University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,( India)

ABSTRACT

In this present time stress become a major hurdle of each and everyone’s life. In this era, stress in private sector

banks is rising incessantly. Competition level is very high in private sector banks so that’s why private banks

employees are facing more stress problems. In this time stress management is playing a prominent role.

Because of stress, private banks employees are facing physical, psychological and behavioural changes in their

daily life. These changes give negative impact on employee’s personal and professional life. The main purpose

of this research to focus on the private sector banks employees because banking employees are very stressed

they are highly target driven and also face highly work pressure. Therefore, in order to assess the stress and its

bad impact on employee’s performance and health of private banks, the study has been taken up. The study has

been conducted on 200 employees including private banks managers and employees, randomly selected from

different branches of private banks. 220 questionnaires were distributed out of which 156 employees responded.

A total of 156 male and female employees from different private banks and branches gave their response. Data

was collected using a questionnaire method. The aim of this paper is to identify the main cause of stress and

stress management strategies and measure the effect of stress on performance and health of employees.

Keywords: - stress, causes of stress, employees performance, Employee’s health, stress management

strategies

I. INTRODUCTION

In this time stress is becoming a crucial issue of daily life. Stress affects our physically, mentally, emotionally

and behaviourally. Stress is an ordinary human reaction. It is a man’s adoptive reaction to an exterior situation.

Hans’s selye was one of the founding father of research on stress. He stated in 1956, that “Stress is not

necessarily something bad; it all depends on how we take it”. The World Health Organization defines Stress as

“the reaction people may have when presented with demands & pressures that are not matched to their

knowledge & abilities & which challenge their ability to cope”

In this current era stress is everywhere so to overcome stress related problems there is a need to manage stress

issues so Stress management is playing a very vital role now days because without stress management everyone

do nothing to manage stress. Stress management helps to reduce stress in each and every field such as banking

and finance sector, IT sectors, corporate sectors, education sectors, telecom and BPO sectors. Stress

management strategies like stress management programs, reward system, counselling sessions, promotional

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activities, training and development programs and employee’s assistance programs etc always useful to control

the stress related issues. Banking sector is the essential part of our financial system. During the past ten years,

banking sectors had gone quick changes in technologies, plans, policies, competition and value of money.

Banking sectors are playing a major role to improve country growth rate. Now a day’s banking sector

employees are facing many stress related difficulties but stress in private banks is increasing very fast. Mostly

private banking sectors employees are suffering high level of stress problems which affects employee’s

performance and health. Most of the time employees of private banks face high and middle level of stress. High

level and middle level of stress is harmful it gave bad impact on banks employees working life and personal life

both. High level of stress is unavoidable in nature. There are many causes of stress comprise which influenced

adversely employees performance and health and also employees daily life. To suffer stress situations

employees physical health and mental health both are affected badly. After this employees face many health

related issues and it also affects employees life, employees working life and most importantly employees

performance so to reduce there is requirement of stress management strategies. Stress management strategies

help to alleviate employees stress and try to give a stress free life.

II. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study helps to know about the main cause of stress and also explain how stress affecting private bank

employee’s performance and health. This study recognizes some stress management strategies because these

strategies help to manage the stress of private banks employees and also helps in performance growth.

III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To find out the main causes of stress among private bank employees.

2. To recognize the effects of stress on the health of bank employees.

3. To analyze the impact of stress on the performance of private banks employees and examine the relationship

of stress and performance.

4. To identify stress management strategies to manage stress of private bank employees.

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

4.1 Performance of Employees

Stress affects negatively employee’s performances as well as organizational performances. So there is a

responsibility of company’s manager seriously focused to overcome stress problems and take major steps to

manage stress and create a good environment in banks because companies’ managers play a very prominent role

to manage stress problems between banks employees (Balaji R. 2014). Low salaries, lack of advancement and

poor relation with higher authority are the source of stress it effects employees attendance, innovation,

motivation, organizational loyalty and commitment to deadlines. It also effect performance of bank employees

like discipline, attendance, turnover and grievance, so there is necessary to manage stress management strategies

through reducing workload, redesigning jobs, growth and advancement opportunities, improvement of higher

and lower authority relation, remuneration and improvement of working atmosphere (Nyangahu and Bula

,2015). In this time technological changes, increase social responsibilities, social changes and policies changes

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are also contain in growth of stress. These changes influenced employee’s performance and employee’s bad

performance gives negative impact on the performance of banks (Shukla H. and Garg R. 2013).There are three

factor of stress such environmental, organizational and personal factor. These factors are the big source of stress

which affects employees’ performance in any organizations and organizations suffer low productivity, increased

turnover and insurance cost and high absenteeism.(Hamdan Y. 2012). This research revealed the relationship

between job stress and performance of bank employee’s. Day by day stress is become part of our daily life.

Stress problem is not bad all the time some time it can be positive and some time can be negative. It is depend

upon situations and mind set of everyone. The relationship between job stress and performance is negative in

nature. Performance of employees negatively correlated to job stress (Bashir and Ramay 2010).The main

purpose of this study to show the relationship between job stress and job performance. Most of the time lower

stress helps to increase employee’s performance but high stress affects employee’s performance badly. Stress

affects employee’s life but at a certain level.job stress and performance had a negative relationship (Dar and

Akmal et al., 2011). Show the effect of job stress on employee’s performance. We can control stress related

issues but we cannot avoid stress problems. Mostly lack of feedback, role doubt, career development

organizational climate and structure are affecting employee’s performance in organizations. So we can

overcome these stress problems through cooperative and supportive atmosphere for employees of banks through

this employee’s performance increase (Ahmed and Ramzan, 2013).Also analysed the impact of occupational

stress on employee’s performance at work place and determine the stress at work. it gave negative effect on

work stress to each and every individuals. Low satisfaction and motivation is the specific reason of poor

performance (Goswami T. G. 2015).

4.2 Health of Employees

Private Banks employees face different kinds of health related difficulties such as tension, depression, anxiety,

heard attack, diabetes, frustration, headache, shoulder pain. These health issues affect employee’s performance

and employees working capacity decrease badly day by day. (Ali, Hassan and Bashir 2013).Stress affects badly

on employee’s health & organizational health both. Physical, behavioural, emotional these changes create

various issues which affect employee’s health Tension, depression, anxiety, headache, blood pressure are

common. These health issues affect employee’s performance too. Stress also affects overall productivity of

employees and organization. When employee’s performance and productivity decreased then employees felt

demotivated and employee’s motivation level decreased (Khalil Wani S. 2013). Occupational health stresses

dangerous for employees. Depression, Anxiety, tension, low tolerance, and hair lose, aggressive and separation

is the major reasons of stress which affect health of employees (Malik, 2015).

4.3 Stress Management Strategies

Private sector banks focus on some stress management programs and activities witch support to manage stress

problems. Stress management strategies helps to reduce employee’s personal and professional life stress

(Sharmila and Poornima 2012). And to manage stress issues in banks, mostly training and development sessions

and effective communication programs, time management programs play a very important role (Azad T. 2014).

Training programs give positive impact on banking sector employees working life. Training programs helps in

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development of employees growth and also helpful to reduce work stress. (Deshwal S. 2015). Stress

management strategies always helpful to overcome stress problems of bank employees and build stress free

environment in banks. There are two way of stress management strategies to control stress first is individual

oriented strategies it contain single active, single passive , group activities , exercises and meditation comes and

in second organizational oriented strategies. It includes stress management programs, employee’s assistance

programs, physical activities, promotional activities (R. 2015).There are different types of stress which affects

employee’s life these are Eustress, distress, anticipatory, traumatic, chronic, acute, time, encounter and

situational stress and everyone have only four strategies such as avoid the stressor, alter the stressor, adopt to the

stressor and accept the stressor to manage stress problems (Imeokparia , Ediagbonya and Kennedy 2013).

V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1 Research Design

The present study is descriptive in nature. The study is based on primary data.

5.2 Sample Size

The sample size selected for this study to managers and employees of private sector banks and this survey has

done in 3 cities of Rajasthan these are Jaipur, Ajmer and Jodhpur. Private bank contain some selected private

banks like HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank. Questionnaires were distributed and

collected personally by the researcher in each and every bank.

5.3 Sources of Data

The study will consist of both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected by direct interview

through questionnaire. The secondary data was collected from research publications, standard journal and

periodicals including the government organizations and from respective records about the job related

occurrence.

5.4 Statistical Analysis

The study conducted in 2016 to 2017 in private sector banks in the 3 cities of Rajasthan. Out of 220

questionnaires only 156 were used for research analysis because few questionnaires were incomplete and

delayed in response.

5.5 Statistical Tool and Techniques

For the purpose of analysis of data Reliability and Validity test correlation test to find out relationship between

stress and employees performance and regression analysis also used. One way ANOVA test was also applied

with the help of SPSS 23 software.

5.6 Analysis of Data

The survey data was collected by the use of structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided in to two

categories; first category is related to demographic questions and second category related to causes of stress,

health of employees and stress management strategies and performance of employees.

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VI. DEMOGRAPHIC

This category depicts the demographic framework of the respondents in the term of gender, age, work

experience, education qualification.

6.1 Gender

Figure1.1 The graph on Gender simply shows the participant of male and female respondents.

The results shows in this graph, large number of respondents are male. Male respondents are 133 (85%) out of

the 156 respondents and in this survey small number of female respondents that is only 23 (15%) out of 156

respondents. In private banks large proportion of male employees and less proportion of female employees are

working.

6.2 Age

Figure1.2. this graph shows the groups of age for the respondents. The age groups of respondents shows from 21

to 60 years.

This graph shows the age of private banks employees. The age group divided in to 4 categories these are (21-

30), (31-40), (41-50) and (51- 60). In this survey most of the respondents were from the first category that is

21-30. In first category (21-30) over all 101 employees contain that is 64% .In private sector banks large number

of employees working in banks 21 years to 30years. After this in second category 50 respondent that is 32%. In

third category with 3% and the last category no age group respondent found. In private banks mostly employees

working who recently completed their bachelor and master degree. In private sector banks there are less number

of employees working after 50 ages.

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6.3 Work Experience

Figure 1.3 this graph shows the work experiences of the respondents in their current organizations.

This graph depicts the works experiences of the respondents in their banks. Below 3 years large number of

respondents contain these are 89 (57%) out of 156 respondents. In 4 to 7 years over all 43 (27%) of the

respondents contain and in 8 to 11 years over all 19(12%) respondents and in 12 to 15 working years only 5

(3%) respondents founds. In last above 16 years there are no respondent. In private sector banks massive

number of employees has working experience below 3 years and some employees have 4 years to 15 years

works experience but very less employees above 16 years.

6.4 Education Qualification

Figure 1.4 this graph shows the respondents in terms of their highest educational qualifications.

There are 4 level of education qualification. Total 49 (31%) of respondents are educated out of 156 respondents

from Bachelor Degree. In this survey masters degree holders are the highest within the respondents. Total 78

respondents have master degree and the proportion is 50%. In the employee’s higher education and qualification

only 28 (17%) respondents have other degree.

2. Second categories shows effect of stress on employee’s health and performance and also depicts that bank

employees manage stress with the help of stress management strategies.

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6.5 Causes of Stress

This graph shows the causes of stress among private sector bank employees. Workload is the major cause of

stress among private bank employees that is 57%. 89 respondents consider out of 156 respondents. After this

working environment also the main cause of stress that is 55%. Banks employees face many technical issues so

it contains 54%.Lack of management support, long working hours and lack of motivation and contain 51%, 50%

and 44% respectively.

Banks employee’ also suffers lots of peer pressure that is 48% and lack of authority in decision making

comprised 43% respondents. 75 respondents agreed out of 156 respondents that high targets are the main cause

of stress because in every private sector banks some employees work related to insurance, marketing and sales

so they have a high targets and banks gives urgent deadlines to complete that particular target so there are only

52% respondents of urgent deadlines. Ignorance of others and lack of communication contain 40% and 38%

respectively.

6.6. Health Issues of Employees

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This graph depicts the health issues which affect private bank employee’s health. When stress affects employee’s

health then employees faced this types of health problems. It is observed from the survey that large number of

respondent’s 107 out of 156 suffers from headache and weakness (tiredness). Headache and weakness (tiredness)

both contain 68% respondents. Over all 56% respondents suffer mood swings. When anyone suffers from stress

problems then they easily frustrated or irritated of the others and overall 83(53%) respondents easily frustrated out of

156 respondents. When anyone suffer with increased or decreased appetite then weight gain or weight loss problem

arise and after this digestive problem also increased. 50% respondents suffer weight gain or loss problems and 42%

employees have increased or decreased appetite and 42% respondents suffer digestive problem. Due to stress

employees face difficulties in sleep. They did not sleep well that’s why employee’s memory became low day by day.

Good sleep is a way to overcome stress in their life but if anyone did not take good sleep so it is only because of

stress. Memory became low and sleep difficulties contain 47% and 39% respondents respectively. When anyone

comes under stress so who have a habit of smoking and alcohol then usually smoking and alcohol habit increased.

47% respondents agreed with this. Abnormal heartbeat and breath faster is the sign of diabetes. 36% of the

respondents suffer from abnormal heartbeat and less % (25%) of respondents suffers from diabetes problem.

6.7 Employee’s Performance

a). Descriptive Statistics

Items

Mean Std. Deviation N Cronbach's Alpha

Do you feel that working environment

affecting your performance?

1.73 .822 156 .789

How often technical problems effect

your performance?

2.07 .754 156 .789

Do you think that long work hours give

bad impact on your performance?

2.14 .947 156 .782

Do you feel that urgent deadline and

workload gives bad impact on your

performance?

2.42 .997 156 .776

Do you feel that lack of co-operation

with your superior affect your

performance?

2.35 .969 156 .768

Do you feel that increase responsibility

and high targets giving negative impact

on your performance?

2.42 .964 156 .766

Do you think that lack of authority in

decision making affect your

performance?

2.41 .929 156 .772

Do you feel that lack of motivation

affect your performance?

2.35 .921 156 .747

Do you feel that lack of management

support affect your performance?

2.35 .921 156 .747

6.8 Correlation Analysis

This table shows the relationship between stress and employees performance.

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**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)

This table show the relationship between independent (working environment, technical problem, long working

hours, urgent deadline and workload, lack of cooperation with superior, high targets, lack of motivation, and

lack of management support) and dependent variable ( performance of employees). For the purpose of analysis

and interpretations and to identify the correlation between main causes of stress and employees performance,

Pearson correlation analysis was applied which show that there is a positive correlation between causes of stress

and employees performance. Lack of motivation shows the highest positive correlation (r =1.000). High targets

positive correlation (r =.448) and lack of authority in decision making shows correlation (r = .365). In this

correlation table shows negative correlation between lack of cooperation with superior(r = .322) and (r = .300)

of urgent deadline and workload. Long working hours also shows negative correlation that is (r = .275).

Technical problem shows (r = .224).in the last working environment shows highly negative correlation(r = .160)

with employees performance.

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6.9 Regression Analysis

In this table the value of R is .363, and R square is .084. The value of R shows significantly positive relationship

between variables (working environment, technical problem, long working hours, urgent deadline and workload,

lack of cooperation with superior, high targets, lack of motivation, and lack of management support) and the

performance ( how many times you feel that you are performing without stress). The std. error of estimate is

.939 and F change 2.784 and Sig. F change is .007.

ANOVA with Friedman’s Test

Sum of squares df Mean

Square

Friedman’s

chi square

Sig

Between People 439.305 155 2.834

Within people Between Item

Residual

Total

67.211a 8 8.401 104.791 .000

733.234 1240 .591

800.444 1248 .641

Total 1239.749 1403 .884

Grand Mean = 2.25

Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W = .054

6.10 Identify stress management strategies to manage stress of private bank employees

There are some stress management strategies which helps to manage stress of private bank employees. The

following are the outcome of this study.

[1] Employees Assistance Programs (EAP):- Employee’s Assistance Program is like an employee’s benefit

program. It is short term counseling for employees to solve personal problems. It affects on employee’s job

performance, employees health and employees personal and professional problems. EAP helps people to

understand or to overcome their personal problem. 86% respondents agree that EAP helps to reduce

employees stress and 14% respondents disagree with this.

[2] Employee Counseling Sessions: - Counseling session is very prominent stress management strategies. It is

like a meeting between organizations superior and subordinates.Counseling session contain 65%

respondents who are agree that counseling session helps to manage stress. 35% respondents are not

satisfied.

[3] Training Development Programmer: - Training and development programmers very useful for

employees. It helps employees improve skills and knowledge which helps in performance growth in their

current job. It includes 78% respondents who think that training and development program give positive

impact to overcome stress and 22% respondents did not think.

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[4] Meditation & Yoga: - It is a very useful and beneficial stress management strategy to manage stress level.

Meditation good for peace of mind and yoga is like a mind body practice. It helps to reduce stress level,

blood pressure problems and good for heart and mind too. To reduce stress problem so there is a need to do

meditation and yoga at least 20 to 25 minute daily. In this study 68% respondents agreed and 32% are not

agreed.

[5] Time Management: - To manage stress issues there is a need to manage time. Time management helps to

manage the balance between personal and professional life. Employees set short term and long term goals

according to the time and finish project on time. In this survey overall 63% respondents gave positive

response and 32% respondents gave negative.

[6] Stress Management Programmers: - It is the important stress management strategies to manage stress

between bank employees. It’s necessary that every organization conduct Stress management programs and

sessions for the awareness about how to deal with stress issues. Stress management program include 74%

respondents and 26% respondents are different point of view.

[7] Promotional Activities: - Promotional Activities help to overcome stress issues between lower level

employees. It is an effective stress management strategy which helps to control stress issues in employee’s

life and helps to improve employee’s performance. Total 71% respondents understand that it helps to

manage stress problems and 29% respondents are not agreed.

[8] Reward System: - It’s compulsory that every organization organize reward system to increase the morale

and performance of employees and it give positive impact for the encouragement of employees. It helps to

manage stress problems in employees working life. 80% employees think that reward system reduces stress

level and 20% employees think that it is not helpful.

[9] Motivational Session: - Motivational sessions play a significant role to decrease stress level between bank

employees. So it’s necessary that every employee attend motivational session to motivate themselves.

Overall 76% of employees are supportive to manage stress through motivational sessions and 24%

employees think that this is totally wastage of time.

[10] Individual Activities and Group Activities: - Individual and group activities both are necessary to

manage stress problems. Individual activities (reading, writing, photography, art, listening music, running )

and group activities ( sports, games, vacations, movies, show and theatre) are gave positive impact on

employees life and also manage stress.83% of respondents think it manage stress problems and remain 17%

respondents think it did not work to reduce stress.

VII. FINDINGS

[1] In this study male employees are more then to female employees. Most of the employees come under 25 to

40 age and large number of employees has bachelor and masters degree.

[2] In private sector banks mostly employees have 1 to 7 years work experience.

[3] In private sector banks almost employees including male and female agreed that workload, technical

problem, working environment lack of motivation and cooperation with superior and long working hours

are the main causes of stress.

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[4] Most of the employees agree that they completed their work on time and did not take their work in home

and avoid staying late at the office to finish their work.

[5] Mostly employees think that training programs are better for the employee’s performance as well se banks

performance.

[6] Some employees are not satisfied with their work. Large number of employees suffers high level of stress

in their organizations less number of employees suffer low stress.

[7] In private sector banks most of the employees physical and mental stress both.

[8] High percentage of respondents suffers headache, tiredness, mood swings and frustration and sleep

difficulties.

[9] Most of the employees agree with EAP (Employees Assistance Program) also very helpful to solve

employee’s personal issue and try to help to give them stress free life. So there is a need to more focus on

EAP.

[10] There is significant positive relationship between stress and performance of employees. In correlation of

stress and employees performance most of the dimensions have positive relationship.

VIII. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The purpose of this study to identify the main causes of stress so this study depicts that workload, working

environment and technical problems and urgent deadlines are the main cause of stress but some of the time

lack of management support, long working hours also the cause of stress of private bank employees. In private

sector banks most of the employees have stress problems and these causes gives bad impact on employee’s life.

Large numbers of employees agree with this. After this, study recognized the health problems of employees

because stress also gives negative impact on employee’s health. I private sector banks most of the employees

suffer headache, mood swings problem, easily frustrated with anyone and increase or decrease appetite and

blood pressure high and low problem. These health issues are very harmful of employee’s health. In private

banks employees have no time to manage the personal and professional life both that’s why they did not give

more attention to their health so after this they suffer these types of health problems which gives bad effect on

employee’s life. And this study also depicts the impact of stress on employee’s performance. Everyone knows

that most of the time stress gave negative impact on employees’ performance but some of the time it gave

positive impact. It’s based upon employees situations and capabilities that which level of stress employees

facing and how to take stress positive way or negative way. Most of the employees it stresses in negative way.

In this study most of the time stress affects employee’s performance. This study shows few causes of stress

which affects employee’s performance and after this it show the relationship between stress and employees

performance. There is a positive relation between stress and employees performance. But some variable it show

negative relationship. In banking sector competition is increasing very fast. Private Banks facing lots of stress

problems so there is needed to use stress management strategies to overcome or handle stress problems. This

study also revealed some stress management strategies which are very useful to manage stress between

employees. Mostly respondents used some strategies to overcome stress in their life such as meditation and

yoga, individual and group activities, motivational sessions. Some respondent agree with training and

development programs, time management, promotional activities and appreciation and rewards also helpful to

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manage stress. But there is a need to focus on employee’s problems and issues if private banks manager more

focus on employees problems and stress and give positive environment and also give positive feedback of

employees performance so it will help to reduce stress of private banks employees and also helps to reduce

stress of private banks.

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