84 872 A STUDY OF THE DEPAMTN OF DEFENSE COIGUATIOU /NAMAGENENT POLICIES AN..(U) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLMONTEREY CA C J ROtJN JUN 87

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OLT 0 2 1987

THESISA STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

*. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES ANDPROCEDURES AS APPLIED TO THE FA-18

STRIKE/FIGHTER PROGRAM

b y

Christopher J. Roum

June 1987

" Thesis Advisor: Paul M.Carrick

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

S- j-K7

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE%.i ;E IORT SEC-R,7 CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTVE MAPRNGS

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Approved for public release;2b2ECAzSS CA' 0% DOWNGRADING SC EDIULE Distribution is unlimited

.1 -iRC)V %6 JRGAN ZAT'ON REPORT % _V8ER S) S VON TCRLNO ORGAN'ZAT.ON REPORT NiVRS,

ta %AVE > PERFORM,%G ORCANIZAT ON Sob 0" CE S'VBOL 'a NAIE 0P VON TOR NG ORIGAN AT ONif a00icabie)

Naval Postgraduate School J 54 Naval Postgraduate School

6< aDDRESS C tr State and ZIP COde) 'b ADDRESS City State and ZIP Code)

Monterey, California 93943-5000 Monterey, California 93943-5000

' NA ; , KA' SPO-NSOR NG 8b 3Fl.CE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTR VENT iDEN' CA~ ON NiM9ERORGAN 2'A ON (fapplicabbe)

:A2DESSCty Stare and ZIP Code) '0 SOiRACE OF NOiNG %UMBERS

PROGRAM PRO.ECT 'ASK W (DRK _NlELEMENT NO NO NO ACESS ON, NO

l'c'.de Sec.,ry Claswsficat'lon)

A STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT POLICIESAND PROCEDURES AS APPLIED TO THE FA-18 STRIKF./FIGHTFR PROGRAM

:3.n -,E CO,,ERED 4 :)ATE OF REPORT Year Month Day) *S ~

"aR NO-AT CN

* <~ OSA' CODES is SuoSEC 'E~ms Coc,nue on everse if necessary and ,denlJ rtw mc1k nr~~

S.A.GRoUiP Configuration Management; Configuraticn Control;FA- 18;

.. Aj Cintiniue on reverie 9f necesary and identify by bIock nunmber)

This thesis appraises the costs and benefits of the Department of

Defense (DOD) and the Department o f the N a vy (DON) Configuration

Management (CM) program but only so far as to identify the present costsand benefits and their relationship. The FA-18 program is utilized as the

research vehicle and is examined in terms of configuration management andcontrol policies and procedures. The focus is on post-production-baseline

* . configuration control. An overview of critical CM issues in thegovernment /contractor relationship is presented and their impact on theFA-18 program is analyzed. It w:is determined that current policies and

procedures cannot insure control of t he product b a s eli ne in hi ghly

O A :1 -.A 8 L 0' A35RRAC T 21 8S~TRAC' SECURITY CQASSifiCA'ON

NAI'% E D :J SA-ME AS Rp. 0EoC F(R j 1i i ifiP

4 E~N Li I~) )A 2,1n TE j PHONE (Inlude Area Cod;). .' S

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~ , .. ,CLASSF I . CA TI.ON OF T.O PAGE W'.. n -r . g,,,. . .

19. Abstract (Continued)

sophisticated and broadly integrated weapon systems.Responsibility for CM is too fragmented and the system toocumbersome to allow effective and efficient information flow.In most cases, CM inefficiencies identified in the FA-18program were previ ously addressed by program management andextraordinary work arounds implemented to ensure future FA-18supportability. Recommendations for improvement ofConfiguration Management and Control for future programs aremade.

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DD Form 147,3I Jan 72

N 0102-014-6601 2 $7um,'V CLASSIFICATION OF TWIS PAGVWl Date" *' .

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

A Study of the Department of Defense ConfigurationManagement Policies and Procedures as Applied

to the FA-18 Strike/Fighter Program

by

Christopher John Roum

Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

B.S. , Metropolit an state College, Denver, 119/6

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

rcqulrements tor the degree of

HAS'TEfR OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT

from the

NAVAL PTGW'(ADIATE SCHOOL

June 1987

A(Ag hill4 1, 1 opt(l t ,. Ill

App roved by: -. . (/f 4 L 1 - . .

Paul M. Catrric-k, lieuis Advisor

Raymond W. JilI t ih, "iecond Re ade r

Wi I lis k. ;r eer, Jr , . r. .ma.n,Depar tment ot Admini trat ive '-)"ciences

Kneale T. Marsha*I

Dean of int1 rat ion and cy Sc en C e s

. . -. .: ......... ' -. -. .' ",," ,. , , .,. .. . . '. .. -. --. . . . . . L " - , ., . , , , . . . : "--

A B ST R A C'

This thesis appraises the ;osts and benet ts ot the

Department ot Defense (DOD) and the Department ot the Navy

DON) Contiguratiin Management (CM) program but only so far

as to identity the present costs and benefits and their

' relationship. The FA-t8 program is utilized as the research

vehicle and is examined in terms of configuration management

and control policies and procedures. The focus is on post-

production-baseline configuration control. An overview of

critical CM issues in the government/contractor relationship

is presented and their impact on the FA-IB program is

aiitaIyvCd. I t was determined that current poli I.es I and

procedures cannot insure control of the product baseline in

htI 4hly sophisticated and broadly integrated weapon syst3tIns.

keqpoins l I I ity for CM is too tragmented and the system tj

i tI b-bersome tC) a I low eftective and e tI cIe11t inIoi at ion

1ow. In most cases. CM inefficiencies identitied in the FA

I t pragram were previously addressed by program maraemnr

and extraordinary work arounds implemented to ensure i1ture

I-A 18 supportability. Reo(-.Jmmendati ons tor iu1pruvtein',-ri t ,

ri! 1 iguration Management and ntrol for fut U reP p I iIIInk .l 1fF

2-

-, -::: .. .

7-7-7 ' - - .

*. INTRODUCTIUN...................................................

A. OVIE . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .

N-,

* . FFI N!TI CIN ' F f'UNfI I1Uf(Al' UN MANA.';L-Mi N1 Cl;N '

PA RI~;JU5NP...................................................1

PRRLL! T TL ? . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . .

k. HiI.A cH IJ°.(:

C J. . T. U N .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .

V F . . .. ......... ................... ........

,-., r)I! TN 'JNE IA I : N MANA EMN PR ,GRAM ...... .......

A . 'oV'. . . . . ..4 . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

('. >1 '' NN 1- I Ij-'A T I IN M AN A V,,-M LN T A NtLI INI u I,

[" -. (" A ; ; IIl N { . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

,. ''If R :{J .. ............................ .......... ,

',. i- L'. -'.;E{A R t { IJ , E-L T U N :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..

;I PNMF NT "H:uI VA IU NI ( V>- N'!'NV AN,)

A' . 1A lilt- .. . .. .N M ANA .. . N. . . . ( A.. . ... . ... . . . .. ..

"" A IV h

I ',N i L IFA'!IN MANA( -MEN" AND Ck NA 'I.

I~ ~ A 1' 1,'N 1J A : TA A IN 1- ... ............................ 4

r .CONTRACTOIR M I v A 'N * V I i jl.I N". ANil

ATT I T DF... . .........................................

F/A- 18 CJNIF I CGURA I IN lMAN A>: M[NT ANI U IN;V' Ui. I AI

4 . .R.... . . . . . .. . ...................................... .

. . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

_A

-

,ANNLN

• . . "," ' ! [-W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .

'N ' .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

U. SOFTWARE BREAKU'JT. ................................

E SAFETY AND REALINES.............................. ..

V. MANAGEMENT INFORMATIO[N SYSTLM" .....................

V. C; NL' , I N AND RECUMMENDATIONS ........................ 4

A. :JMMARY............................................. .

B CINCLUSIJNS .......... ............................. .

C. RECJMMENDATIONS ......................................

D. RECOMMENDATII' NS FOR f-URTHER RES',EARCH ............... .

^-,HLND I k A: REPIRE3 NTAI'IVE ( JNI"RAC'rUAL -- NC .......... ,"

A PP-ND X B: CIIECKLI',T I-OR (:i.ASS IFYING ENGINEERINGi N(-.'I I .A N(G F . . . . ..... .. .......... ..... .................. 5

L.j~'V V~F RNCS...............................................

R , i , I AH Y . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... . .

iN IT IAL. L1 t ,*'I BUTIUJ N ,I .................................

?.4

A'-o

............ .................. ....... .. . ........ .......... ,".-"., .- ',,., "-..,"".. z ,'..- ,-,-- - - - - - -- - - - - - -.- '..- ---.... .-.--.-...---..-.--.--- - -.- -.-- -.--. -.--. -.-.-.--- ,- -"- - ,'

II',T :1 F VIC(3URES;

I. Major Facets ot Cont i .urat ion Management ...

DOD Contiguration Management S/tandards .............

-. Engineering Chanee Proposal Flow Processing

Within NAVAIN........................................26

4. Funding Matrix .......... ................................. .... .I a. MCAIR Class I I Change Activity .......................... j1

5. Process of ton! i gurat ion Change Control ................. 3

r. List or DID's Exeupted from MIL-STD-480 .............. 40

- MCAIR Contiguration Control Documents .............. 44

" , MCAIR C lass I I Change tnd Minor Deviation Formats .. 45

10. NAVPRO Organization ................................ 55

It MCAIR Engineeiino Job h-eet (FJS) Process .7.........

-. h

V.

-F

.'

'-C.

Ut<

IiACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express special gratitude to Mr. Frank Widick,

Code 311, Logistics Management Branch Head, NESO, North

Island, whose financial backing and support, despite a busy

personal schedule, made this thesis possible.

A special thanks to Mr. Jim Crowe, NAVPRO, St. Louis,

and to numerous members of the FA-i8 Program Office who's

candid comments provided much insight.

To Protessor Paul M. Carrick for his guidance, criticism

and assistance during the research.

Finally, to my wife Deanie, whose patience and support

were indispensable.

" A

N,

°'S

N,

N,

'° "- . . . . " - " - -A- - - " " . '. . ' " - ' " ' - ' ' , ' " -N,., . , ' - . . . - . ' - . . ' , . . ' . . , Z ' . " - - ', , , , , . " . . . . . . . ' ' " - . . . . . , ' , - , . -

I. lNTRODU CTlL)N

A. OVERVIEW

The purpose of this thesis is to appraise the c:nist.s ,,nd

hsj ii? t its ot the Department of Detense (DOD) and the Depart-

merit t)t the Navy (*DON) Configuration Management (CM) pr;,grtI

but only so far as to identify the present costs and berie-

rits and their relationship. CM costs occur in the impl

1:1"Fitation arid appl ication of policies, procedures, mettihds

cind techti-iques white CM benefits are traceable in how the CM

policies atfect overall Integrated Logistics Support (ILS)

aD a niaJor weapons system. The FA-18 Hornet aircraft piogram

.* will be studied and utilized as an example of the costs and

bent Its associated with Cont iguration Management ind (',II

Stiu. Primary focus for this thesis is Configuration Mando-

. emmt t ter Product Baseline has been establishtd n, hr

w.P ;i p, n system is in lull scale production and -Jepl,,y.d o&

t he t leet. This chapter wi I I provide a det ini t m,n ,1r

o-onfiguration Management and Configuration Control togel-th r

with a brief history of contigur'ation management, .4

merint of the research problem, a statement of the ct -es-r h

jbjectivot and a statement ot the research metht:aioV.

B. DEFINITION OF CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT AND CUNTRUL

rC nf i gurat ion Managcmrnent as a concept or techni urn] III

, I ? e many critical and essential di.sc pI I, .

1t 1i ' m I1- 1 control, ident i t i :a t 1 nn an nd -c:ojm I ' -

' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.............. .,.......,,. .-..... ,-.,- ........ _.*.-v-,-.-- ,->.,.:.:.,,.,b,

IK/;;::.;:::.;:;.:;:;.;.::::.2 2 "..',<;..</. .:- .::. ;. y-.* -..-. : ,.-,....

e l(menLts cruI('a t t- the ova'-, I I o)h jeri I VP Ut i,-iI','.

advanced technology Ise F-igure I :ideed, t hef-. ,IiFIrl I

are impl icit i n on, ! w ide Iy i_ -,ed det fi ri t ion :

V Configuration Management is the discipline of ensur-in1g

t. that equipment oI hardware meet.s caretul ly dJ9t i ,lftfunctiona I mechanical, and electrical requirements aridthat a n y changes in these requIrements are r IldIy

controlled, care'?ully identified, and accurately recorded.(Ret . 2:p. 313)

" Conf iguration cont rolI can be defined as that t unc1.i -n

_ responsible tar the evaluation, approval, disapproval, and

i mp lementat ion )t approved changes to the ori gina.

iguraton Item (CI It also refers to the procedure by

which changes to basel ine configured items are proposed and

riirmal ly processed. Additionally:

C rnt i gurat ion control involves the systematic evaluation,

coordination, and approval or disapproval of proposedchanges to the design and cunstruction of a C , whs,configuration has been formally approved internally by thecompany or by the buyer', ()r both. ( Ret. I :p. 7)

Cont Igur at ion identit ication is the process of id.r-ot

lying specitications, hardware, and data available at t'.

start of a system development. It is also the terin used ,.

d dentity the currently approved or conditionally appF ,v-,i d

technical documentation for a configuration item. M,'re

tormally, it:

* refers to the techni(al documentation that id,,otties and describes the approved product configurati on

throughout the design, development, test, and prodictii;n

tasks. It also appli es to the identification of (;hangis

and to product markings. kRe .l I:p. 7)

10

-. ' %

%

T I Prrr-I-TiTiiiiiii. .! -t

Configuration

management

Product configuration

identifiers

Product description (names and numbers)

C s IdentificationChange status I \ /roucrecords o rdc

/acceptance- requirements

4 ' Identification

Accounting I Identification F-of changes to

% 'I I production items%

Configuration Configurationveiiaineviews andI

n Fies of change Data release rIs andrecords authorizations and identification inspections

approvals requiremeits

Drawing. / I

specification. I Control W Change controland test Proceure I (ocedures

revisions

Change criteria Change control andreview organization

Figure 1. Major Facets of Configuration ManagementFiue . (Ref. 1)

.l

i11

.2

. ,.. %% ., % - . .-..-.- - . .,%. %%%.% % % "-,%- . ,,.% - -- : ,Y & %, • ,. .%"

Cant 1 C n gurat ion Account i ng Is I- t,!r rId t) as t ne T'i;,r t ir:

and documentation act iv it -3 1 i vo I vetd in kefep ii rn vt

the status of a CI to in:Iltide al I departures pl inned t;r m .le.

t rom the cont i gurat ion at at I t i mes t ftruglhijt tte en ; [l

'I i ret i me o t the system. A liOre accur ate '1Sf i n i t i t;f iF:'iitIthE systemat.i: ret'ordi ng at1i i or()lt iri, )t I f r' ill

tL7n v ti ta to the tota I cunti gurat it'li management t 1k,I ! iting C)t the approved cont i guirat it)n I te(-slls, lli t tillSlisting of configuration ident it ication approved t (jrt.ec-hnical documentation ot al I cont igirati 1in i te-ms. hR-c .J: p. 26)

Inherent to these formal and informal (et ni ti)n,3 are

words like discipline, systematic, precision arid organiza-

t ioan wh ich imply a omaI, structured, a nd r eS P()rns i ve

prrvizm dedicated to the cont igurat ion management objective.

"[he o r nIb 1s t- ive t cant gui-at in ana gemen n si he

. . t.o guarantee the buyer that a given product as-i whjatIt was intended to be functionally and physIcal ly, .S"e t ined by coot. ractija I drawings ai J peci I iciat i)nt; itto identify the conf iguration to the lowest level Ita ssembly req1ui red to assure repeatable per t (rri'i:,.

d1 ual I tv, and rIel iabi I ity in future products ot the 1.,hte-type. ( er. I :p. 1)

Five ma jor goals are conmonly an LIt. 'a f pat ii li-' .

-'t ntiguration management effort. They are:

Defini tion of a I I tloc i enta t i un re ,, i rt(-( tI -r r" -Ill "'

design, fabrication, -nd test.

-. Correct and complete des ript ions ul the i- ,configuration. (Inciuding drawings, parts Im.;ts,speci f ications, test proce ores , and op, t I

manua Is.)

41',

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thei r (Jie r i F t I ii-.

4. Accurate ir)(i :222l f t, : ..'' .: ,' , .I,.

part, Slthasst~ lnl y. hia i, .,S1i1; t jt i,,+ y Ii"

prod uc t.

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-i! til' [ L'~ was MIL)St l hy h III Ci,-tde w It h iI+ITv , ji ;,l(, l

ItIrr I.-tur g, eachI aircratt had sj btle d iIteer e r.; ts

. r-, ;iil . ot t he l bo r 1nt. ensi ve manutac t uz ng c tt ,t ?:se -_;.

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ar , r t

rinAuei t e lectr on I cs and av ionic.s 5 -;I wa s

ITT T 'i . As s ki It F;t (t tun e x Farded dur in tn g he F. p t WLr r

d. --a ;- ri Ii re it t a r e s deI ti? vfl I t tf)i.

he 1-i p F" k) r cp t t : - ta irbo r t el t I :--c Iron i cs 1 kl Iii ,

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I -Il - I i'fub les .32T!t 1 3 jften -s 1 t i, T1ndl, :r V3._ .i 't

1r: ti' 0 , umc: mertat. i:jn pr-s ented compat ht it 1 ' ,r-li. .- ,;.

1 t t rmalI I roed pri a I t i fl te? lvely e- I t , "

r.'ntrol led changes was ANA 13ul iet in (Army. Navy .- rid A i

h roe) No. 390 i ssued by It, I! I 12I 9 0 t tti- ,,h'' ,it

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@ Director of Defense-Researcrh and EngineeringMemorandum on C)ntiguration Management

each Service shall limit :ts configuration manage-entregulations, manuals. standards, specfiications, exnmots.etc. ntended for contractual aOplication to those formaly

estaolisned orior to thiS date Aoril 13. 1967 -

New mocumentation and Standards

Note. A irective' establisnesDCO oolicv and an

:3 ,rec';ve 500 '9 I instruction ' describes howcontiguration the oicy s imc emented.manaqement

DO 0nrt'uc!ion, 501 0 2'configurationmanagment

• f' III

arawngs engineering cnanges. configurationjevations. -valvers status accounting

[ ~'AI'L 5"-9 M "IL STD-481

soec:,cation engineering changesDracttces snort torm i

drawings

speci cat 0 '

acauisition oriCtiCes

Fi jure 2. DOD "aonfi jrat]in >!anajenent StandarJ:;• p Rf I)

',

I r it - ied i it e 'And L_' 'Fjt t, a .4 n ii!, r-A It-t* ',

J, I discoverinig tb.t ;, n.- ha-rn (,.I i1:,-.it4a- 1 .. I

. fsA' ) and S, hop -k-,pzi. AI, A,,-mt~j :,. '§1,A'' a,- . r.

; : ' , :* l A 1J I I . -h i a- ' 'i tI l .1 ,t)1 fA Ir ll t ,. K''' , ! . 1 i i :'

A A -d I J I I I I I *- li t ,

a. 1 . I I

V -ilt l '. ' 1 v t ' I ll l -- tIj ," [1I l~ l t i -1 I- ;at W is.

I I . FII .l a '

* " ; L i i- -r.rl Illl[ ' % li ' * -21 .' :"r -- m ~ ;a I! yN I--;ii. p .1;l wa-- I A - ,a

I I Ia .' , " a i y jf -ri Mt a a-' I

I.+ : +. +,I p 1 { tir. -. - - ' " AI "

TlijJmbe r

* PESEARCH ~tE T I N

Se pr imary ra-%-,I - . .. l I a I -i -

, - a K ,br l I .t .-- jl' * , , * I W i I t..> ,i'.a a,-. -a ,,

T1 ' t f I in I .i -a: 1 tl , ,-

Ii

I Li rat i cin It fni --j r( It. V I H;~~- f

I C I I i I r I

-, *'P 1 1 ,%. i 1 3h

: +',. , , I t I , i l j I ; Il , I, I, I.

* "+l' tt t t , ,rn MdJ P d+ '1 p r " dve , I ;tT1 tn 'J + i i .' xI ,+

i I~ J I~ I I I tlh n I.lt- y rn- 1 111) Ii I I i

" . .. t -irA , in . 4a fa , e r ha v o t i ) t iri ;

i M 11 a ks j Id~f i r vsem 1 K'fg-u Iia l VAiI

i 1 1 oi g I t ri a n I r I in a nfi a g te 17 i ) i fl

t '~~~ ' d~ e 1 rr.e d i (irt a j tU rr

,s 'l t s lem o n e t d ehi v~i be n-I.>

I if ene ks? ( r1 vn A1 t i - I ef n ill I nilA:V A

nt~~ tirteo Con roI r-ineo I n u h .1 I'r

-t ics impa f I --v i rt Ia t rcj th n'~ ow-r-

t ~ 1 e r I il I Il- u ~ dj t > I-i- v. r .3

Ti t , gu a I on Contro r -I (I :11 , I~~l (-p~ in4--u t arl d. t ' tr '' e ; 1 , r ,

l -I

o i i r t cs imp c o f a A++ v n i J Lt Ii J r l, rd Pl r In t r , I In ri,,

d+ i .a s aII r

@4' .' ' I .v ' ! 3 ; th ' t+' ] + ;~ lL + , fi, t

,......

research reports. Histor i cal And ,urrent pibl i.-it irit ,.r

I i terature on r I e vanit t-;ub ii:t.s have be n 'ot i i -',-I. A:

applicable Depar tment )t bet-I'nse (D11D; aod DlpartmenL of the

NA vv (DON) ins,-t i uJc t imFts., ii rect. yves and regilatiois h,=v e

been r-v lted. t- -i J,,)r A interviews were conducted at NAVAIR

tiC':JM 1.1 the F-A id [FrD ogIim MnInagepment. U1ft i t-, (['MA hSwi tb

oe on? i vgu t i(n Ma ige2 r, the Assistant Program Manager tut

* I.g t s -APMI.) ,rid with peronnel at Intormation Spectrum

tic., ',rder ,tent ra(t to the PMA for logistics matters.

P"- r s' -u r),., i il- tit t ;1.-w, wi th ;the r key personnel in the FA -1H

-. ,rt - r,x.:rsr , luiude the NAVPRO at McDonnell Aircraft

I" ,r t rMCA It) in A;t. Louiis. MU, the st at f at

-mrrl, nlri l, N, va A i Force . acific Fleet (COMNAVAI!RPAC)

,-'A, [iss, .A, the Naval Engineering Services Ott ice (NL-.L-

it The Nav.iJ Aviation Depot. North Island, CA. In addit i .

t. v ., r, s.-a t i.t ens w 1 t h t. te Av i at ion Suppor t U t t ice A I

1 a, ladeIphia, PA and with the DOD Configuration Manra,-r

It Wdcj-hji nr D.C. are other information sources.

-.

I"

- .. . . ,.

I '::; -'- --" : - " : -; ;-::':-:: -"-""- " ;"--"',-"-""- '' "-. Z - 11'

[-.',I I i. DOD/iDON (-'INF I 'tUHA1 1!)N MANA(,lEMEN'I PROGRAM

~A. OVERV IEW

•Lrt , a!= requ ired w it h in ri D arid as applI i ed to private

([!J'J~ 1 fy. A r ea 1- (lea I l (-) t r H 3 jrf: -h ha s bpeen do ne a nd 11111c h

,.-"r 1) Pt een wr it t en ab o ut Conr I I gurat ion management. Many

I F 0 1t V ie s, I n S t r U Ct I L) ri 3 .,I nd regiiiations govern 1) f ID)

,0on I' f ? lr dt 10rn m a r ia g m "r)t. I t. is not the purpose o f t h is

i E. t C)-- I I'- to L c: t- ~ a t 0 the en t. i r e body of i rf, ormat ion

""" 1 . 1 1 h Ie orn (-c~nrf i , u rat uri ma na gemen t. Inefficiencies that

. c- b. sePrva b IL- i n mu,-3t. w_,j p 3 n iy s t. em p rocu reme nt s wi I I be

., -l r e,-Sed, part i ; .r I'v I r th. y a-re visible in the FA -18

.-.. A! i coiitri~i I i rig cJ< n Tt <enter arolund M ItL -S I'D -'4 0A.

-e'- fh he t e ,-enrlt r a i oC s 1S I t t Ie ('Llnt t I gJr a t 1 r d is ci rIi trieHs (Af

.N •

I'[ d 0[ n=) tet I n t Ica t. zo) li nd c o un t in g the most (A is) I r

I S' ,Jsh in g teature is thie Hr car, iton of Class I and Cla-ss it1

c' <halles. Conversations with iogistictans and cent t urt -i i )ii

-2- nragers indicate t-hatL the d et 1t-1 t i on o f a change a T)d a

determination a s to whi(f ,h - tt--ory it fallIs into is )It I Hr

-j'. v g te and amb iguous 'J'.)J I ,j i t to t'i me , f i sca l I ', rd

""" pol ititcal pressures.

-

B. DI}U/DON CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL STRUCTURE

Ail DOD components, including t.hle Office ut the

.;ecretary of Defense. Military Departments and Defense

Agencies, are governed by DOD Directive 5010.14 dated 01 May

t'J. 9ntitled "Configuration Management " . This directive

st.ii.es general poticy tor the heads ot all DOD components in

% the application ot configuration management practices. In

iddition, it directs the Secretary ot' the Navy to maintain

th- Joint DUD Services/Agencies Regulation, the purpose of

whln:h is to:

, . .prescribe uniform policies and guidance for the

Military Services and Defense Agencies (hereatter referred

to as DUD components) responsible for implementation of

* 'ontiguration Management within the Department of Defense.• (Net. 13:p. 1-1 )

-re -pplicability or this instruction is extremely broad in

,,i, attempt to capture all possible DOD demands. At the same

tI rut-, it recognizes that no single common set of c ntigura-

im z, management procedures will meet every DOD need. It

Sur tt.r st ates:

Die to variations in requirements, organizat.ions,

industrial commodity areas, and working relationships, the

military specifications (MIL-SPECs) and standards (MIL-

'rDs) (prescribed herein) will be tailored t.o recognize

peculiar program requirements. However, optimum uniformity

throughout DOD and between DOD and Industry components can

be achieved by Service/Agency adherence to the pollcies

outlindd herein coupled with reasonable contractual

application of the prescribed M I L -SPECs/1Sl)s andapplicable Data Requirement Descriptions (DD Forms 1664)

tor citation in the DD 1423 Contract Data Req u1relnent.i

l. 1Sst.. Ref. 5 p. I-I )

.5:p.

°.

The concept o r stand ards 3nd spe if i -i.i i,)is as .

application and enfor(:eabl it,y is tt I-r mIsct-onst r IH-II. As

utilized above, the DOD perspective ot a standaid to

e describe products or services generally tdlI.; into three

categories. A standard can be wr tten as a set ot technical.

dimensional, or "pertormance requi rements. It can be an

V.,, accepted process or procedure. It can also be a common

product identified as a preferred item in a sitiation. Trhese

standards should not be confused with those "standards"

mandated by law or regulation at the federal, state, and

local levels which are used to establish requirements for

meeting safety, environmental protection, welfare and other

national objectives. (Ref 6) A representative sample ot

-Int.adards which should be contractua I y specit ied is

provided in Appendix A.

1,,nce a standard or specification as del itied above does

not. carry the weight of the law except as entorced throuvh a

contractual vehicle, and in view of the flexibility provided

by the Joint DOD Services/Agencies Regulation, the various

.?Ysteines Commands within the Navy have been delegated tho

responsibility of generating more specific guidance tor the

application of standards and speciticotions to .conti gur., t , in

.nanagemett. Of particular interest t.o this study is NAVAIR

listruction 4130.IA, the C(on tiA uration Manatgemerit ManuaI.

The toliTidation for this inst riict.in, which prruvides speci t

%d.%

'S'p,•",' *

5*. S.-

,III L I ICE' t t) a p r t)4 Jm; Juler NAVA I -Y (CHM o ni *I ai I,

MlIL -S3TD-48QA which supp i. *;harigte controlI gu Idance t i t t h

1t.) and private contr~jctor-. 3tr tic tu ra 1 Y. both documr~-nt_,;

Art, broken down into the major disciplines oujtline-d Inl

,r.1 ptt~i one ti this study. However , a recurring theme, o-)t

o)t significant con~pquence in the FA-18 acquisition, is the

ti-j.pirtement within all as~pects of configuration managemet.-i

to -ategorize changes into two classes. Class I changes arc-

t I tf IaS t consequential in terms of costs and are calII eo

[briv ineer Ing Change Proposal s or ECP' s. CGlass I I changes are

Aimply all other changes that do not qualify as Class I's.

it will be shown that these two cia-,es are extremes in the

w') I d U t cha n ge and the criteria t or t he Ir r e S FIt I ve

i-I ini ti.-fls i.s often more ambiguous than precise. I n ordeF

~U tnderstand the tull significance at thi S d i VIsior;,

tWi iet o1-veirvirw of both categories is necessary.

:LASS I 1ECP' S

-'lass I ECP's are those changes which are nfecess ry, t,;

which offer significant benefit to the government. tkl0 .

/:P. IV 8) Such changes are those required to-

1.. correct deficiencies,

ak a si1gni ficant etflIect Iveness change i n opet a t mior logistics support requiirements,

3. effect. substantial lI Ite t.,c cle cost sav ings, )r

4. prr-ve!nt slIi ppage I n in aPproved product in scheiioI.

V.%

Nt 6-

- .--- --- -'~ F f TVr T- -. 7 r ~ - -

WJhi Ie these cr ter la appe-r rather :,w.b leu;t ve, MI L. ;T '4 HUA'p.

presents a more object iye 4lhok I 1st it r tthis- ola(s it icat. IUr

,t engineering changes (see Appe ndix B: Check List ton

Classifying ECP's). More precisely, an engineering change is

Sass I Ied lass I when one or more ot the factors I jsted

ire attected. IOncpe it has been determined that a charge is a

m'iass I FCP, it must be fully )ustitied and documented by

the manutacturer to the NAVAIRSYSCUM Change Control Hoaid

";ecretariat, Code AIR-OID4. MIL-STD 480A provides a series

Lit applicable justitication codes. After justitication and

preparation in the format specified by NAVAIR Instruction,

if is proc:es sed through the NAVAIR chain ut command as

illustrated in Figure 3. Class I changes have priority

S ngifnleit. s with specI t Ied t. ime al lu wances fur t- he

pro,_essing of more critical changes. An Emergency ECP time

.i1 Iwaritce is 24 hours; an (Urgent is 15 calender days; a

- fu trJti-e is 45 calendar days. From the processing diagram it

han be seen that many potential bottlenecks can exist, due to

time, tiscal and political constraints. The most not-able of

which was the decision by Navy Secretary John Lehman to

personally approve all ECP's tor maior weapon systems.

Though this is undoubtedly an extreme, and wi I I not :,-rnti I ij,

%. in the future, many other lactors are at work preventing

t imely processing of Class I -CP's. The average I -c ,- si[1

.time is currently running apprnximately _4 months tor a

a.,

Ln u,

V, \I - -0 0

XZ~ Z.U~ w w.iw, t 9j - ~0 -coW~ ~ z~~ = Zi C 4 3 LIL j0 o = ;, w = - CCd -IL z o

0ozo

w t 0 mLi, '.5-

z w 0

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0. 0 .La. CA 60

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W. UL, 6. ( " l* 1-n

cc ,6 5ZC2

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Ld W(L- =U g o =C

0 -u = w j t-

of Z0 L c0 ia

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WWOW 4.--,

.,..t t , , ho w e v e r, : : ,1 ;, ,r ., , , i . t

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o"r ,

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In (j, ] - , t 1 1, ,ir

it,, t HF 'it F r VtL' -i' it t e-i p ,; A t I m. !r ii: ~It I (a F- * ; , (. L,3 ii .il ,; w ; I

* t, F f'F * ' ' i HI I[ r'' * I I TIr l'i, ' ti -i' I Lu tv '1 0' " I '

-~~~~~~ H 5i : :; :i t t IIl '~ ft It I-)~ I I r~t n th r t i~ trr

,c r j ,r .1 Fl [ i m Lu U' , t i It I I v vI'. mF In

'; ' LASS I CHANGES

I It C la s ' F , , , I A , ' t , - W .

'F Ii 1S t s t f tj , ' i n i * 'S 'Ui's Ftl/F a'c t' at - n Niv M lt'-t t ' '

-w i-'n it o ep-el 't

CLSSI-CANE

It C as, -i':io F ii *

FINDIUNGARI

CAITIO ISE AS 1 G91DELIIE OILY. CONSULT AIR-0B FOR ADVICE.

ELEI1EIT PRODUCTION RETROFIT ATTEITIOK COG CCDES

IPF-I TORO 4 PnAiAPC.ICI-RECURRIIG (EIG. I I

DIGs, Tls, S:'Cis)PUBS/TAPES IiRACUERS ISIPPORT EQUIP. I

API-5 AIR-1S2101-RECURRINC IA/C AID EIGINE NOD [ITS 1I

.COITRACTOR ICCS I

,RAIIERS/TRAIIU ICILOP/SLEP I

A&PU-6 All-412*SPARES (NEI & REFLI.) I I

[ITS TO UPATE SPARES ISPARES 100 (CONTRACTOR) IPGSE REPAIR PARTS I

API-7i(c SIPPORT iQitp. I I IIR-552-

CCIPOIENT InPROVE PROC. I 1AI1-536

AEIL RGEVCS I Al R-413

WPI-3

SUPPORT EQIP. IA -5

CPOT EQIID IF 1 PARS5IILIC.COAV Ix AIR-t4A

PICTO. EUIRef. iR -

SOBur A/. NOD.n Iatrix

- ~~~~~ ~~ ~ R( 7:p C-1) -- . ,~.z.. A --

-V- -7

. ' , - .~'A * r . t r, l C It ' , iii r

. .~ -s s-v -a' Ii rig p:~rl'a Lv 1

.. " , i -s. ri A I I jt 1-" i

- . • .' -; An -.x,_n,, t .t , K Jams I h d t~inirsel I r , . CL."

- - , ... :-'' 5t l',.ilir;i"'atiiD [5 i f- d*i dt, C l -5, 2 . i . ...

. r. ; r" t 'F I-, " '.1a t iWS I, Or- Ti uhar}l ' -- in ;b 1 1 :. : ,iHIz, mi --j ri o r' 1, 0l[ n c

: l~~i I j i ,- ,Wl I,. v fir0 j (]~I- l -

e j I

I- triue i s t n the de iiti o i.

-. m t AiT1. sti I-< t i hard t,. tin ' I * ,

- - ~ in .h r , 'ot tj .- at onrot t ~e :i - ''d #;,.

- . I wi Ii I0 iij i j -t ii t . c tan 1 l 5

- .- ' ':rshiatns

I ,.-i~~; ~ ~ -t I I =si' ts t f r , sz-

--•:i -i o- l l O. tA 5 s1<ta,41ts t i fat' ,,L~ b [1i !"

1 .-30 a t e y - t a

.. ,w s', ,. . <ass I ta ;[ wll bo y !- c, nis

"- • ti-r; This t tt . c I "r i s fsrrt rm -I t ''m-

A MA, NTER or ota lon T~i I. "1 v r. r)m IV r<i........

. Iicing the- -:onti Ii en! r:i i t. Re f . v

ow o-n fI n ri I.i ?I 53 rt a 'ie ,S t V t- t

t'A -

04

A V, I i

4.' ' : , '( ' ? 2 1 ','y ' Tn. ;'' I 'll

.I t I w I ,I - It I TI L .I I t r''! t , 4

"1 aol

* i - il - i fl , .4 Ii *.

f,, MLl

M,, -AIR*'reprocess.

04,

till

Li--

z L -

.1 ,I

r- 0.

OAU

C )- 4

-----------

f ,. 1t I I V tr+ ", .ifl~i _r~es and FTI' - + 1 '+t1

.. V F R N M F-N !r M i Au N .. M - [ NI A T I 'V ! V - i N " .J!'

AI n I IIIE-K

h! 3, . 3 I , t'-, 1 ' h v , ' 'y T I 13h1 t4 I ' 1' -

'it. I 31 - y A 0 r-. (7 I t ti V- 1'rIm - 't IM n; Cy l I

I gi

n r nI Sr

3 17 1 J t t pi rer d e rf t tlt,), I; C I c I

J. ; ' ' t. L - * I ! -' ;''w t * 1 I i l ' V re reP r -ntj 4 f. htI.{',~s ,+ l ~

* ' "I: ,fi~ t!X old: if'K' t-'r - t1 Lv Navy nanagers .1rlid by

-t t , r tt,;- tr e bp rI ' r isi , tt2 r( I [I2 ',

-i Li (1<*I - .

- , .... . ,ii I 1 - - .7 , n a i i I . .-

* i r t . 3 11 t i 4i" i* I , * 't . i ' vl r, ', I 4 1' jTIt l '' iI; l , + t !t 11 '14 " A,

extrom r'i liriw il i I 1 l -t 4" 1 i 1 1 . "

.le Uflcom-pt ,f i'-i .t , t I t -

c r I t i 1 n i '!, I I ,

'

-.. "". ,"

CHAN , E t:EQUESTED

-I CONTRACTORSUBCONTRACTORS

* GOVERNMENT

* INFORMAL TECHNICAL. COST, ANDDISCUSSION SCHEDULE ANALYSIS

* CONTRACTOR 0 ENGINEERING* GOVER.NMENT 0 PROGRAM CONTROLS" SUBCONTRACTORS CHANGE EVALUATION I

COMMUIOTTEE0 * SYSTEM ENGINEERING

L CONT"1ATO1 CANGECONY Tt, ARD __

0 PROGRAM MANAGER (CHAIRMAN)* CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT

SPECIALIST (SECRETARY)

* ENGINEERING* QUALITY ASSURANCE0 RELIABILITY* MANUFACTURING* MATERIEL

APPROVED CLASS II CHANGE APPROIED CLASS I CHANGE

CHANGE CLASS CONCURRENCE! PREPARE ACSN OR ECI

- GOVERNMENT T ENGINEERING0* PROGRAM CONTROLS

ISSUE CHANGE APPROVAL ORREQUEST PREPARATION OF

FORMAL ECP

0 GOVERNMENT

PREPARE FORMAL ECP, SCN,AND CHANGE PAGES TO ALLCONTROLLED DCMENTATON

* ENGINEERING

* PROGRAM CONTROLS* CONFIGURATION MGT

SPECIALIST

FINAL ECP AND

CHANGE PAGE APPROVAL

0 CCo

FINAL ECP AND

CHANGE PAGE APPROVAL

* GOVERNMENT

GENERATE DETAI LEDIMPLEMENTATION PLAN

- PROGRAM CONTROLSI PERSONNEL FROM EACH

AFFECTED ORGANIZATION

MONITOR AND RECORDIMPLEMENTATION STATUS

- QUALITY ASSURANCE0 CONFIGURATION MGT

SPECIALIST

.igure 6. Process of Configuration Change Control(Ref. 12:-. 11-6)

33

04

_-. .. -. .-..- ;. . .. . . . . . . . ... ._ . - . .

~r~ ._ . . .tl . t.he 1 I' -M.-u H t . t h h - : r I t W I

)I iterat. ior in t C 1 3 i I ,i, '. ,r1 the- dI't I''i- - , ;

,a win entation. the trar r tir , etringie-r Ing ogni.:ance

muj, mtare pr,-hirlmt I

K. i'Y t S i sy t rn F*i t r ma Two du na~t f

i t In I, Iom In tl tj L-t i nri I) i t in i~lm t ib Ie componerit Ii nf

Ut + ," )ri,:ert1 inr t he tper,- t n g ft ,?e, Fe! . T : p. K. ) ' _

V t in was in' 1 I in thle -,mrner 1f 1 3/ , in he rt- t'

it I I) '' t l t s A i-> >iij t ing 1("- A ) PlIirinrrI l,{ 'it t I . i t

N j. i A vs t u ; i i'iia ri, W, i )rIg t ,n, I). C. h 1 1.v gr , t te

.ie 111C.[. ai f t! r -:-V -. r) t :ji it h th t

- Ti t , n-- r i F A 1. i r T . The r, i h i I , a

La I ' ! e I g iil £ 2II i'h iiiP? V tiJ!-

-H I ,. _iy Iu a 1 11 h e t I t- t a ri d il" I - nt y' l U I I S

Sll a ,n 1I1dgemeti1 a t } I I )tvei cit th . Si[i'ii :t r-t 0:- t

,:: + 'K++se+

re cur ring pr ab' I Clls5 . I t wi41 I Ii'" %t:,W ;] + ,t

* , a I jJJ S w i th in- Navy Man.gement Ir Ittt m,-t i vU -,ni-

it eI - proli terat ion ft i dependent ,J:1 t Ir. i, I ,. 'i i i ,

- In '1 . " se system s alI- , t te inent t r 'in 11T l..,''

Pv Ii- l es w it f ni in. n I in hip rt ct Th Ac I i A

*Ki a means to track t. h i wiml,'i j I )m fi-,lf' Uit t n .I

"°K ° ',,r-ent to an iterat ive, ~ ~': r t + :h' r ,rc'i, j ,,

-. - . . .t

. . .

- . . . -

-- - -' -,

,- IIll. CONTRACTOR CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT INTERFACE

" A. OVERVIEW

T he purpose ot this chapter is to develop an

understanding of how private industry views Configuration

Management, how they interface with Government policies and

directives, and to take a brief look at methods utilized by

contractors to achieve configuration control objectives.

The myriad of controlling documents required by DOD

policy create a substantial burden on the corporate Con-

O* figuration Management support system. Because configuration

management is linked with company-wide activities (engineer-

'-~ing, production, product support, etc.), an increased aware-

ness ot fundamental configuration management control systems

" -* will serve to enhance communications between configuration

management and interfacing departments.

The present environment for technology development is

last paced and highly iterative in that changes and new

developments appear with unprecedented frequency. An effec--

tive, efficient and accessible management information system

is fundamental to the "management" of complex systems.

The contract, which is the primary controlling vehicle

for configuration management, can have a significant impact

0 .i the ntire acu IsI t I(n program. In the government /

.?

35

@4

.~~~~~1 f. % %-,~~ ~ **N ~* .

contractor interface activity, the accepted technical data

baseline is identified, maintained, and controlled via the

contract, which essentially covers the delivery of hardware

(and software); the content and delivery of data; and/or the

accomplishment of certain services. The principal contract

elements, the Statement of Work (SOW), the Contract Data

Requirements List (CDRL), the systems specifications, the

general provisions, the identification of applicable docu-

ments and the application of the Federal Acquisition Regula-

tions (FAR's - formerly the Defense Acquisition Regulations,

and before that, the :,trmed Services Procurement Regulations

or ASPR) clauses all may invoke requirements affecting the

technical data baseline through acquisition management sys-

tems (both the hardware and the non-hardware types), data

item descriptions (DID's) or other government generatpd

constraints. (Ref. 14:p. 38)

B. RESPONSIBILITIES

It should be pointed out that while MIL-STD-460A

addresses the task elements of configuration management

* (identification, control, status accounting and auditing),

little emphasis is placed on management. In the eyes ut

many, and too often in practice, configuration "management"

equates to merely performing the task elements. To put it

. another way, configuration managers are often nothing minte

36

1 .....................................-.. ... -.+.......... -........... ..........-......... -..........-......:.

.................................. ........ ............... ... .......---. .,.-

- WV . V, ' - --•

than "configuration recorders". required merely to track and

record the accomplishment of various program activities

without participating in the initial decisions about the

task. It may be prudent to look at Configuration Management

from another point of view; as involving three elements:

administrative, clerical, and technical management, with an

emphasis on technical management. (Ref. 15:p. 55)

Configuration management grew from and is still

essentially a sub-discipline of engineering. It is generally

accepted that configuration managers who are engineers tend

to do the best job. This attitude stems from the interface

required between the configuration manager and engineering

throughout the development of the program. There seems to be

less of a credibility gap when dealing engineer to engineer,

and the depth of understanding of technical problems tends

to be greater. (Ref. 15:p. 55) There is a tendency in many

cases for the program manager to turn to engineering tor all

things technical, including technical management. The result

in many cases is that engineering is expected to provide

configuration (technical) management as well as the primary

function of ensuring item performance. This dilution does

not benotit either discipline. (Ref. 15:p. 56) Nevertheless,

the engineer or engineering team having engineering

cognizance over the functional and physical characteristics

ot the end i tem or Cl, remains the most accurate a nd

37

. .. . -- - .. - .-. -

i t i abIe c ource ut int ,,rmat fun r e van t ) t he ApFf Pp i l I itI ,

kot data, drawings or per tormance specit ications of n item.

Within MCAIR, I te Curit tgurAt ion Miiager i a Subsys tem

Mandger. As such he acts as a deputy provram manager in

m., t s f i o1ng to CM ird i s responsi b e to make known an y

pr )bIems wrich Ievur I program management decisions to

i pi -)pri -tL hi gr er I eve Is ot MCA I R FA- 18 Program Management.

jinimar to other subsystem Managers, the Contiguration

Mn, 4-r [emains tunct, onaly in the Engineering Department.

t "t -I . It):p. 6) The authoritY, prestige or inf uence of this

nj 1),1 ,t based on his pusitional relationships, could be

.1nteI productive tu the tlindamental configuration objec-

i -i. lie ti expe;t. d ti "tunettion" within engineering while

iri,mi ft.ain ing lo'a tie s to program management. rhis irnsti I led

)iii I ict could, in essence, render the Cont igur tkion Mandger

Sr I , : i Tt Ive .

SMa.jiA i n the (-c4.iui) ai nounts tf data gonerate( t rum the

-no ' :ie*er i ng function is 11)Uther matter. A tonfiguration

htJ,- nition is usually expressed by a set ot operatiunal

irwinrgs and specitications. These drawings and specifica-

tI rms define an operational t orn ur s.ystem and are te I-ined

the technical data baser I me t , that i tem or system. iditent I

°%%

:::.

t~ i'atlofl and yenif icatijr) ,fl ?ih, ,,-ta, document.{, dl ,wi ngs

II r, -;pecificditions that m+ : F' th,-: teohrical dtdt r}asel iro-

'p

-I~.Itlt s~- -~'-~ t . nteg-ent.-)

4,, ," ,' . . ,. ,' ,'. t . . ,t. . . .,' ' .. ,.. '. +. - .-. . +'... " , - '- -- " .+ -" . - ., - " . " -" . - " " " -'. .. . . , . . + '' ,' ' ' . . - + + . + . - .

4, ++; ', + 4,.?,"'".",'. " :.".'"I;:'" :" :''>'' ,, ,;,T"f :-}."= "'"' +:' ' ': "

. Il . : l,±nt r i n t- i I et ae i i'V / t-h, A ; . t t h v ;I ,v H I.i

oa ese line is identified. mia it a ired, artd '-.ir)trj I Il I ia".'

,Wcntract. As stated in section A t thi ctapt, r, t.h I-t

principal contract elements may invoke r t uei rlen whIch

-"i • , I, I -At I n' t h e te hnical data baseI ine. (e onr ri-J,,- 1- i; t. Ie

I rit . t y (jt a te tnnical data base 1 1 ne is a tj. : La I

ir)i . t e iut to credible Integrated Log istic upport . I-' ,

tie wea pon system. Cornf idence in the technical data b Is l if

An only be a siiong as the confidence in the met,h ,Js jni

*rIedures used to generate the information by which the

.- Ise ine waii estab lished. Consequently, contract mak, -ip can

'Iv0 significant impact on the baseline. In tiday' s

1*..:h iLTl I ntionment. verification ot the basel i i,- i:n b: e

<urn:iz i-;ated by the fol t owing factors:

t. LaVVte voltume of tasking documents t-tat im i i

irles;

.,I-It ge VoiUme ot data- generating rstri u ct ii . I :'

.whi ch !re dupl icative or inconsistent w t hi ei , -

ald hence can tusi ng to a cont, ra tor Je,:i I ng 4 wI I h i"

I

ban crie government ot f ice;

S. " ontract disparity;

,.. 4. * ontract internal inconsistency;

C. Inordinate requi rements imposu,d but sem -vi ;i t,l

iulti-tier references ); and the

6. Attempt to control , -,ta product separj te m(Ref. 14:p. 40)

[ g! r:' 7, ex,.erpted f rm th e i sts ot D at a Ite ni : .

%, DIE 1., 3 f ed to the ,ur,:e doc Jment. M 1, " 0, cL )

- "

'I.. . - . " - - " " - "- . - # . . " ' " " Z

L L >.

)M > L. LI- m a. -bc

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di (A -CO CC" Z

(c C ; C -W0)(bC C 4JC C U

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C CL - D C - )M*M-C-)-C 0l roi ZQaicxa t * mm o . in -) C n[-W cxWU iCa WwUj iLU j w mmq .a C:

CI m IV'C CEE lC- IA 6

C3E ~ l CUpN q I c4. 7 C '.e N 'ON C t I~ Inm00vL o c Lfln i 0i (D 0q n M' N M- -mn~ M.M -M6 C .

I -COmmCCCCOrIC .j-r~ C~LONNLO1NNON ri L 1%- LI W,111 1 El i w a - C -

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(3 C' 0- a) CD LLi

a' ac w L -6. iW L zCLo 0 ZL.a ~ 'a 41 zi& 0

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z ) CCL9E W - C C C 0 zI 3' in 107 'mU C'C - - -. . - . u w -- . - Ow .2, .j - in I~ 6L L L IA -- lI LL LL U c 0. A C - 6CC (%a)a3k4 ~C~U. 31 M ML 41L 3 dI. Ii (UL7- C C Ci 0) u

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o"r ru C (> w >) > Um V~ I 0. 0 .. - -C -X I~ Cn L L l(. 'a -

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4. 40

,r a bundd ric e t~ .t

io it)b I e to C-i - T P; 2 I . . h'

I ur' IT)- a y * ,a.

I. .

t I1 t, .

r 1,1 r, V I t rt I a

'- , :--VT 1

Tnen .d -. -

F pr iate lat ,j .,. . .i i V. 2

.'-trment ltia h. . , i. TiI .

04

f-A 15 CUN[ I CJNAT I ON MANA(,LMFNT PLAN

Cons iderab le va rIit. I,1 ox5 I w I h n 1 71l- ili, I

oi porate st ructurps I or dea I g w1 t ht the prpon dP er a ct I t

Ai r ect ives, regulat i (ns arid s pec1 t icat. 1o r s pf v I Js HyI

SI Vtt -d I a I i ya y Ion t r act s t o r I rid I v i 1,ila I p r , P dini

I ry e ,o I Ime t Ior the p r i me c rd rct tcf pur I IJ)

t tit- f ,it oItV i iton management goalIs , objectives, F .it

rfli rl-s.cedu roS via a management plan. In the case r t ti-tA

. i imn P ,- n nt 1(;tc or, MtDonne I I Aircratt Company ont r-ltwed

e "A IB F r g o a m Cnrt i grurat ion Management P I an" as

i I tat tgPther with Addendum I V'J t, At k B

I M}' k "IeneraI Management Requirementc tor I ro ject

Ili ., .oi- ' r " I U Wapon ysten" e;t ILl i st t-te

I (i i r , l-nt t or iont i gutrat ion Management (CM). Thi p ln

I-'l. u s t I 1-M ;ys t.om wh ch wi I I be appl Led by MCA t

ih g0 r i -m i iiiir in g %D P ilIot. P roitd uction) -and Pr-Alic, .I pl n ht-s been prepared to t h,:- t -rmat .3I I t

.n tr ptjun D I ) [ I F 2'035. Ret. i :p. 1I

Onl ,i~ onl mariagk-ent plan attempt s toJ .1~w & I

I t 1 ,e ,ta i I MCA I R s internal guidelines to be ut I I i.-d

. 3 -a I I 1 y Sp (i t Ic c)n t. ractita I nei,r t"em,-t tr

-narn,,,, ient of the fol lowi 1g CM element s arid t n iotrs:

Confi guration Iden ti I i,'t on

-Configuration Control

Change Classificati on , r * ,- it. i)n and Pr -1 1 u

1'-is fr DPvi at i n n nd W ai vers

i a i w, Iii ai i 3 r i M .i ri a i en f tI

.4

S. .. - . . '._. . . ".. . . .... ,..M .. ,. .i m - .. r".

t - U r I t Ir 1 A t n t i

.- Intera f ace Man, c goit t all C -.n I r tI

Cinf i gurat ion Ati it s

.-;i bcontractior Cont. ro I

e tr ' a , WI t t Nor t htrop

'Ij S Li t it 0 3 A I I 1 i1s II t it [l 'I) t' I I nti' f t it- i t 1tV i

f. , , i, rlt tI p 11at ed in the A It-i Pr , gram C r on v Hilr . t iat r r

ii pI i .- ' lt~ I i t P . I t rs tin p r t nLt ta r a in 1 2 F!n o fit- C I a I i

''P s--- ne W S nI n ier r i g Chajn g es, thta t t hop In iork rid I

A1 I I t -it t irn t te pltn are Icn quc t. Mo s AIR and

I , . ,,*ltttrt!'prtt fi-r onther letense contractors. (Ret . U~)

* I a,- t I l it a i t i f he F)Ie U do rn I f a rco p t t ;: I

* ;iurt id h st- d tsin J t mnt ts Is dt ol r I f m rior de i at I L:i and

W , . t[,et-o apI t tiv-l ai 't hI nil t!y t t Ir que 1 1 F (I.,-f:

S r.' r) t ha n i,, , ant in i nor r d v I a t 1i ns an il a I v ( ,* It I

t Oi 0 i~ib hi- irga n za 1r1cn fivtng I rimw

- n ,, 'r'; t I t case a Na v y ' ni - t Rer r; ert - I v r ,

AL in ,thitr s,- - the" -it tt i)' t, y I ,t b rit i A

'"t -' P lI rt Representatve Lt e t I AV PRU it ,

t its A dm I n s t r a t i on (r 1 c a nt Repre s n I .v

IKA. 'PRO0. It is also r1rIt]F t -rit to note that t rl y, , :

iicijr rence in the iasat I i--itt ocis-,on whit. I ,i

. approval ) is rqqti r ,i fJ r a Ci ass I I -tou t h r §at I,11

.

@4 T) I - I r V , n I -;3 r n ,

II t (Ir)c d r i

' "'-" t

000-5T0 '86*

Configuration"- Control

>'2 ~ilGIIEERING DEVIATIONS AES

BARGES

F-mat ss[l CriticalMajor Moior Criticai/ a nor Micr

I cAir 001692 HeQ Ltr Format AnSe Ltr Format IR\ Forlmatl DCI# D01694 VAR# GD1614 IRR

* Ised EJS Temporary IRR2 &P( Rev) lCP/CCP Clear Form C

Std Parts# 001694

CP/CCP IWP(ev)Other Soub-contractor

forms

Gov't Pr~cur'g IAVFRO/15 Procoring IAIPRO/5- Procurimt IAVPEO/03-

Auth. Activ. Concurrace Activity Approval Activity Audit ER/IRR

Req'd Apprv'l Required Required Approval Approval of RR

and Clear Fcrm

When Prior to Prior to or Prior to Prior to Prior to Prior to

loth Start of Concurrent Start of Release to Start of Release to

Req'd Effort iith Release Effort lamufact. Effort or lanufacturing

-[,Ito lanfact. Proceeding

( ') Note: Athorization of these Aouaencs s given :zoncurrant ai;h rr.iise nanufj:tur:ng."2"i (e. £1

Figure 8. M AIR Conf ijuration -ontrol

4 4

n e e- rer 7eiCi a JOZc,,tent wni2:na0.rprt:r. O a c-nange 7. n ,u ac t,.r in. ;

-i . wng is revised. :t is physically attached to ~-iJccoies o-: th e drawi;ng. 7r-e crawing muzt be revise'- -~L

:eyear. :t is written against voa raw. .ngs.

- 1>awing --hange Notice - 'he CCN i~s a DGD-STD !'B -vsr-CIt ccul rint andc is rt"reoe ~n e r-e

zf ce J-awing. :t describes !tne :lrgsnozraw~ng. tis writtzen for eacn drawing rev-,_sL:n ani:n CoUs e i s a tt ach e ( to th"e dra wi n g -,nt; 1 t ne next* r e-v Is .-r

Z D- Egieering job Shneet - The 23 is a iD c um e nt w n :C nwritten for changes which affect ncre tnan onme J rawi nengineer-ing group. I cotan a bre -change ano l4its the drawing 3 SecoMcI t a3 s.'lr:CD-STD 4 8CA DD&5form.

7; enoor RP2?/02?F - Requirementz Ta n e psonK m-r.Thange Prooosal 7 Te :P2>23?F is3 r s sc zn rchanges wnicm are not cipstnoat the veno -rI: z -:nby the local gcver7mene representative. 'It is similar tD'CD-STD 4 80A, DD Form !6 2

0VR -Variation - The VAR authorizes a temporar-y. departure rMan individ-ua. drawing and is pmysiza 'y attached toccoles of t'e drawing.

A !S - uhoiy o aterial Susiuin -The AMIS provides : teautn.-ority to sumsti,:ute rrmraw mae~lcal!outs On :.erawi.

-Request fczr Dev iat~on - The zstanca3rz SD 4 ? cn

e /nz r si su c coz nt r ac tzr-s .

P7 art:s - o-mzpany Standard Parts - These zir -anges to nczst:andard_ and are used on all ccmLan pr Cgr a~ s . -Th er c_- :7

TD P art: aThanges are cutcs~rtv 2 at

cartsn '7h. nz- r~ar

z 3rxr I. n:- -- ny - -i i t a r~ v

7 - r enc ed _n 71e :r..C 4

N, -'iofcoirma n ce Zezorto- 2? 3.e p15.

4~ ~ ~ r a- on -r,:ae Report.Reei.'

-r-3: e. c Roie Rcr

T If~

1'-

p7.7"It Ure. and t hie iaI u I pawo ~r s u,, 1ii I

'ments for Navy Cant igur~' t iu Mjiiart'T'. toi 4,t1WY -1 n

ta'"stand I f they Are io at t w r- 'Iv i Y Iif~t-f t d W 1 tI th

t',rate envi ronment and provide :acrate An imi :'t

! i '.a-' n ti gu ra-i I n Confltrol.

CI *.'I4ACTUR MH Vl VAT!tIN:, ( VI IWilt)I N I'l ANLI A ill Id

:"~t ense Cint rd(t rs di P in ois i ness t" make A, Pr-ti

t l!iat iatu th Wei I being at t he companv' OnrvIh,

tne pon'irle who ma-ke up the company. An externality W

1t)1pnrdte envi r~rmertt is an' atmospherp "t pFr nt il

11 iA -hange i urerent t u the G~overnmient i(in t his Oast3

;'t" 9rti whicht dictt-A tha-it shorirt and long te im '

I iins be m(iid a-ndl rl-viewed ciurt intius( If y.

I I 0 ad bus I npgs r ranger nt, n A ecessi ta1 te 3 -on~

wi" I' . I l '-;I Vi t ( h flL -,a bmw t u .- tp pi ov i rg t A i 1-H I*- t-, I

V T h~y '[i s speem I ug IY mpss Ib ie I ugg irig a -t

:* "A il toJr great s t r r-s in t he devv Iupmfurit "I

!j. r"icy and tlIexihili ty Ar' the name at tht 41' . 0

n - ng pace w ith chauui rg I-,t-nuau pr I oi I tIra

imputer A id ed (.oa i gn CA" a n d 'r,1u a r

*c tiring (C(AM) h avet "M it ag A .nd Aut ~iy-"t Ki

lih fige a it i r t- nI A- fti V a ii 4 041i'; t

A.-

ct t t in t L ara I a n d h v I J 3 " n

r,- * T t c h 1 g dc£ i s i --) ,n_ ' in i Ys t . , J t j , i ' rl w I J , ; J [

I 1. of the pr oduc:t ci-nl" i g- v J t i )tn ,;- T t , . ,; I T .w

-,.)Tlllueluent COS t co nt r ol I nirven tory ,-,ti r.j .tn IrJ t

, I i~~~ ~ i r in j ir' iT o"r . ll [t 1 t i s y k- r. i~ c: -;j -) I' i j t, 1, Fit t'lyr" f 1t 1) (,

S ;rip th tip Fspeed desin process tI Il t t . M

i-. j-- w tf ri pi r a industry. l)n I-lr turnatel y, M : I x t '- 1fn4I

ft t, aoreorate env i ronment (within t he g ,vr- f rifit it t

an1d agenlCieS) does not. keep pace. P retset '

; , ,rwno k :y,_.lfs are becoming inet tective and intoierable.

r - . ') This -an be especial I y true when iitegr it i rig

ctA w<are and hardware requ irements at tr-e micro c icuit

* . t w i I bt. s h own tha t a 3e 9 in1ng i n , g r, I ! i , r t

a ri a ci; r i t- path ot h o f a in - cu t p -r a sijb t I e c, jrin m, i'd

1 in ; 0' d dtn n e, l irl 3 sot tware t es t pr'i'ram can h I-n ....

-ttor t ant I n term et I ir tar tie uIs r t t I-

r - j nd> n nt eCI AU I tit I r tor m t ou ; btijr I H, WI .

,, rtt'r ergineeri n o derpartment and nIt flcJ .E't to rtr,-

f1n,- r i n the proper manner.

.r ,(r ate Amer I ca ras bee--n I ; c.ed t a t ,i k. t ti I r-, I

ima$ed data mana em rO ,gii I 31.ldPu-4 In)! 4 nI Ilt , .t I

d ums ue to ar i n-rai-s i rig demnnd I ,i Lt. ta ,

' t omer An ext. raordt nary M ilbUr) t- CI d a a ; . riotai t-- . I

j t .i n t i j ,; n t .c t- u l I o I f I] - r. S . I~rl I n it l t Y, w h l I,

- t-il-'lt r')' y s u qibstantil jTnI ill. I W _ I i If, )il !

47

&IA,,. :- .- . , :.. - - . ' . .:. - . - . -.. . "

much or the intormatio3n i s not ut. I ized. In ra - ., a - r *-=

dal of the technicaI data package is obsolete betore it is

vI reviewed. lignit icaIt cost savings ( time, money r

rnanpjwer) could he real ized by reviewing the contrac tual

*.r, ,I d trI , -ptciticat uons tor program relevance prior tjI..

A I I 14 t ie co(ntr ctual burden on both the contractor and

f .. fnIH.<.!I pi, g ram mana giment .

A rew trontier in configuration and data management is

-. nt ir , se t. I The c-ha l lenge is to define it and apply

!.,,; alt c dri imae inatio to the solution of its problems.

e ih the t In es, it will be necessary to use the

n i "r , y t3 t tomorrow to manage the products of tomorrow.

: ,. 3/i The complex t y of future CM will require an

i;cherstanding and a dedicated commitment from professional

1 i Ifat, Ion managers that present civi I service and

i ti.-y t.raiining and rotation do not provide.

'

........................................

IV. FA-18 CUNFIGURATIUN MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL__k;SUL-s

A. OVERVIEW

Fhe FA-18 Hore t rppresents a quantum j ump in h

App i (-a t i on o t a.Svanced technology to the idea ot a t rulIY

V e s at I I , mul tirote, carrier-bas-ed tactical a ir crat t

designed to perform both fighter and attack missions. The

prolyram has been a considerable source of controversy and

-v-n as recently as 1,J8-, there was substantial pressure to

termninaite it- in tavoi' ot other solutions to the operational

f e'Jju1 femfent. it has been said that the program was not

i'' r irdat ed more a s a result ot good fortune t ha n good

;Tilgefient becauise tec~hnical development problems, parochial

interests, thte decreasing priority of defense spending arid

Aer e -conom ic condi tions combined to produce a Palrt.f 1 :11

At Y hostile environment for a new weapon system PruvrAIP.,

WI Ifl:p. 1) In reality. good management may have beenj

ke'l eiement in keeping the program alive.

ITh FA- 18 was destined to be a configuratio--n Ioo r, I

:rdalIlenge right from the start. Uo nc e iv ed a s a I ig ht w ei ht

t ivjter out or the Ni,,y' VFlX (EXPertimentalI Calre f k - L 0111t -

tIt) Vr am, a der ivative of Ithe aircraf t would be des i gned t o

i)rro vi (Ie air to ground afttack capability, c ha nei ng th p pro

I -i i'~r q* ~ina t i n tu Vt- AX (Experimental Ca rr ie r A t t i,-k

1 Vher . I i not t t ir)t-ent o th is thtes is to doclum r) t

49

ttie p l iI tica I issues at ete irig FA 1.3 procurement j t 1 ,

to say that Full Scale Development (IK;D) contracts awarded

Iin 1976 provided for 11 FSD aircrat t to be fol lowed by /4,O0

F-18's and 400 slightly different A-18'c. Continuing Con-

grtssioriaI and DOD pressure for commonality changed this to

Ho( dual mission "strike-fighters" which differed according

to mission by operational level configuration changes. (Ref.

lH:p. 5) What emerged was a "software programmable air-

cratt", capable of providing the flexibility to readily

adapt to new weapons, new technology, and new mission appli-

iL -t ionfls. Uncertainty generated by this flexibility would

4 provrke lengthy discussions ,an how to tactically employ this

type of adaptable technology. Indeed, as late as 1982, it".

was riot certain what the actual designation of the aircraft

wouIl d be.

The real beauty of this adaptable technology was the

expediency with which the weapon system could be recon-

tigured to meet changing requirements dictated by expanded

missions and altered threats. In regard to the latter ele-

ments, a Comptroller General report stated:

As a rough generality, performance requirements fur

strategic programs undergo less frequent moditication thando tactical programs. One of the principal reasons for thefluctuations in tactical weapon system programs seems tobe the changes In mission concepts during the development

phase and their relationship to other programs, either in

inventory or under development. (Ref. 19:p. 13)

50

" " " " '" , " " , . " - w " - ' ." . " -" ' ." . ' . . ' -.' .- " . . .""%w w ' ,..aL_% '. -

.W

No aircraft weapon system is isolated from the impact of new

weapons and capabilities which can be added to 'pgrzide

mission capabilities. The state ot the art demonstrated in

the FA-18 makes it highly susceptible to change. Consequent-

iy, change management has become an imperative requiring a

more disciplined systematic approach. Present contiguration

management policies and procedures, while intricate in some

respects, don't go far enough in others.

B. CLASS I ECP LOGISTICS PLANNING

Program Management is otten referred to as the "manage-

ment ot change", which it certainly Is in the broadest

sense. However, all too otten this broad interpretation of

the management of change has not properly included change

management. In this more limited context, change management

- is one of the major functions of configuration management-N

and reters to the control oi engineering changes or Engi -

neering Change Proposals (ECP's). (Ref. 2 0 :p. 1) In the case

ot Class I ECP's a more accurate terminology might be ECP

management.

Within the FA-18 program, ECP management is coordinated

by the program management oft ice in accordance with current.4

directives. The Assistant Program Manager f0r Logist.i;

* (APML), under the auspi,-es ot NAVAIR code AIR-04, assumes

t.the responsibility tor reviewing and assessing the short

%q%

4

4°.

" 51

I' . - . .- , . .1" - . " ' .. "% ' " '% l, '.--"', " '- - "%'% - " "%" " . ""%""" ""- "" '... -. ' N- . - " ." '% " .

Ii/-.v",,"<," : . .. 2 " '' 4 - *;v .-. .. >"v.....-." -.-- P. - ~ ,:::,

and long term impact of t he -CP on each IL1; element. A go ur

no go recommendation is made based on this supportability

evaluation. A supportability protile is thus established tor

the Configuration Item tCl). Since each FA-18 is considered

3 Cl tapart rrom subsystem Ci's within the aircraft), the

supportabi l ity prot ile tor the ditferent airframe

contigurations, known as "lot numbers", becomes the basis

tor logistics support in the post production environment.

Logistics support during the production phase of the

acquisition process tails on support activities such as ASO

and NESO, which assume engineering cognizance after loC.

Prior to 1iC, the support activities perform logistics plan-

ning using a process entitled Logistics Support Analysis

(L'A). L ;A is defined as:

.an iterative analytical pi-ocess by which the ilistic

support necessary for a new system is identified and eva-

luat-ed. LSA constitutes the application of selectedquantitative methods to (1) aid in the initial determina-

tion and establishment. ot logistics criteria as an inputto system design, (2) aid in the evaluation of various

design alternatives, (3) aid in the identitication and

provisioning of logistic support elements, and k4) aid inthe final assessment ot the system support capabi I ty

during consumer use. LSA is a design analysis tool

employed throughout the early phases of system development

and often includes the maintenance analysis, life-cycle

cost analysis, and logistics modeling. (Ref. 2Il:p. 1-')

An important output of [,..A is the identification ot ind

justification for logistic support resources: spare/repair

part types and quantities, test and support equipment., pt-r

sonni-l quantities and ski I I level requirements, anti sr i.

I5

"tt this kind or intormati n , vi tuble :,n I-In ab t , jt V

process" from the beginning ut deve lpmen t, ift is si InI t i

c iant to real i ze that the L[:'A i s 01 ccjns idered ) ant i ,tira

tion management document. (Ref. 8, 9, 10)

I nce the t,:-A is a working process It')r the ;uppurt.

,.:t ivities, and since support activities do not become

inrvol ved i n the ECP process untilI at ter the tact, I C, i-)t I(c

planning fur any ECP is always a tail end process and aiways

Ieiad time away. ;upport act ivities such as NESO would rat- her

the change process be proactive than reactive. If logistics

planning could be started earlier in the ECP process, LSA

iavamet.ers -cOkild be inodiif ed and evaluated, a more irn.nage-

h le transition out the -upportability pruti Ie could be

t t" t. tcted, -iiid inore tcost ef f-ctive support trade off opt ions

c uid he made available.

W h I those ECP' s that were essential to FA-iB pr-.,r Jm

3 F.,c s were properly recognized. justif ied and tur ed .I

t) rL dance with the Cont i gui-at ion Management Plan -And ,h-

;ir i t of MIL-STD-480A a method of integrating the L,; A

plHcess with the cuntiguration control proctedures w,-iiA

corovide a significant enhancement to overal I CM. Within the

F A- 18 program, a move is underway to do exactl.!y that .

THE CLASS I I EXPED I ENT

.- , II engirneer i ji :harige, take place almost. ,,l,

V. , I y wi t ti n t h , c-u ni ne s I MCA I R. I n r-hapter I I I

!AL J-

V, oK

"'°

Class I 1 approval process was del Ineated t or t t,- A ,)i

program. Government conc'urrence tor a Class I rat ing. i

approval for a minor deviation or waiver is provided by t tie

NAVPRO which properly resides on site within MCAIR ta,:,it

lies. The NAVPRJ provides an impressive range A-t ov tisiTht

act ivities. IUh? NAVPRO St. Louis organization (-Jart I ; pro

sented in Figure tO. In order for the NAVPRO to deliver tritt

type ot oversight specified by its charter, i stmust act Ql

And etfectively interface with the corporate organization,

stiucture and cuiture. Engineering cognizance covers a btroad

technical spectrum and requires a substantial engineering

start to keep pace wi th the number and type ot i3 AiS I I

changes and minor deviations and waivers submitte d. 'lu ward

thts task, NAVPNU engineers have typically demonstrat_-1

high degree of talent. However, time constraints dnd t hH

-' very nature o their criarter cause them to view a piet ,

-r,ange more tor functional issues rather than CM issues.

Class II specifications that prescribe the submissi Ti :,I

a proposed change for concurrence in classit ication, l.ave-

the presentation format to the discretion ot the (.i,,-i

facturer. The FA-18 Contiiration Management Plan sueu:tiH;

the MCAIR change documents t, be utilized tor the l.,.

process (see Figures 8 jn. ') . Many such docuInen1t S ,

reviewed by NAVPRO eigni !t, r" ( dai ly arnd this ct

lvII t V I

priori t i zed or concer t r t,.d ri the most. sign It i cant I tr'5

- 54

4

p

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- 4fl x

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I-' -i

-Jl

L7T-

7i:-erin: I'~~~ I, tri ~ , ~

-) IU C I I 7. 'y rK 7 11 Ii '2 F F II

I -. 4 1 !F.It

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a 73712" . . a I ix-" I ,, ,-<a - , I , ,. -' . . .i s

4 -,' 1'';- .~ 1 - . :].+3 1- l s ' i -I' 1 y I .r .- A K " i ' -2:*' - F 7 ! . Ii :': F' ,i + .1 t t l ' cSI Iit ,-s Ut Fi+: : ,2K F -+ . .

gn• u.' -" . Pi x , . .. I Vi ru Gy , F ., II t f.i+ .

., 1 - - Kn 1j i.iF' i .

* - V i i f t rt i V V em a rI F. r- - j P .m t- .i ii tt it

U' changeable A; -1I-' I.-*

. ;rt 'er, i WAS !;jl, ''r ut I , - .. , - .- -.,

-. * F' ' '2 . It-.: . J if '. 7i. - '~.t , +. ' 'r i ,r l I o) r .t

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Additilonally, thecus'? I C ', I ., tti hl

i F' I T I nI - I tI l in Im I ~ .

x- 'ni'(' endTT. t-r ! t? -n iqop " ws .- xi ;tS at I1 K 4

i - !r !1 , . At this e-ve i i ot oII t A,( o

-w dW i ln t *:.I'- 4nrio-s: GoIvernmenlH t IInirn sfr~d F.III.F. , i

-, Iii t.2 Vii -jv I III A Ih p en t ( CF E k I Y F A

U~~~- - 2'M2t'; 4

Al F iny thatF a I I i Ir ':

JIl M' 11111 C i.5 I'S antd m ino r ,I'V It IIt on W

-.............I ul I T 11)(1 Irev Iswel y ' ' A

:-;~'-'iInr ' valjaTii ri l o Approval. (11"I. !: ..

1 ifI. Man j-m fenrt M>I w I.i I:h t.f att Ps:

A;!, i~j '> ~ p~r F ci 9 +P with the N, vy inT tI' Il* 42'J'2

n, I -,i equ 1rcren1 e ni tt .V-' b Y A s s" c ia I 't.

Wj1 ,.- i-"rtq (ACA's) ani-ir IInturlicie rugiram Plans 'I i

the extent that ;i *4 P-tiwiI-"er IAre Im1:.irjiT fl .

*MR- prime contract V 'ween I0, IIv$FfmPTnt and MI'Ak IF-the prime contract- <'I W I. the IIV1T rillyeri

,;jernmlent hurnjsh-i A 1 PiIUPIt

; ,r1At

f. IG:p. a!1)

4111nl. the primary I--"". 211 1' 'M I

ll at 'f r nsl l

;l+ In

11 [II, i .I at)I~ ma I fl -i t' 1

wh Ir 1.8 if ri :n.. 1 IHirc r lK. A

t i ro r t.. ti t. r! I n L ~ ~ 1 t

* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' Il It 1ci ., I npr n iI ..

I t I t t I 1' I t ' I I l t I. I ' I I 1 H I

P t Rt F C-: I t I8 IL I n e 1

t tt ,mt-3 *;-['~J I5 ) 1,1u8 -i ,t i pP It I

it fn ope 12i ~ 'I r. r f 1

)m p o et f e te I±' V I I T Il I' F *

f) s, t XI

t : r ca I Y, 1D D I I ti t i Il

r0ffF 1Ii f -

t ) 1 l .

A crhinit 1 1 rIt. ? Ti . 1 :r111r , i AIa7 I I - -I:

,;t-; in the Il Ter Ta, '.A .1 , f, , m ) t:; rt ,.im i-t i

t2 Lt r a n c il I-jIrY, 'Is ,TI, Irt I Tit Ii . p t rt IT F-pp,,F

i- t hs t y Le o t tin. ivt' I 12 I Kn'w n i n q3 1t J i I in F.ir I arnico

0 t1 .hr ,...1 "± I',i IT' : -si i I t. IT , th

S iIt , rtr,-t.'r r. titoIry fruors' t f quent 1S1 - fit t hte te h

I Kj P-Kol -x ptn ivt-v e ~ i I C: Ltu, I rum t he p r I 111

1 I , tu(r in r.n a t tempt to lower o, vera II progr am ccost.s. "t It

A I Ji rt), .! the t w, air-:r att. t.hat t. he FA Id i I

1- :2,i- I e Lip I k , I F r , v i s a c:ase 1fl po)1 n t

I 1 i 1 A / p r L- g i an i aT V ! u T-1 I s" S apt I 3 t t r I t k -i

!. -, 2 , ; ri,, to A A d A and models to t he A /b nd i

I. , ; a ima t -A t i I :is much Is 25' n 111111 i rn

e n'nt e ,.i -, by tf I -,I k I r out t hS ' P b r 1 Var 1 t

'

• II t I iiv I g n l r',)n .nt i sk d brake test t . 15 ti ; t.,

I. , - '' -,t C"ii rrn'r;t TH tn1 f 1 to r )riVI deP L Om Icx a I e V IIV I) '

I) w, ; I? e ti e' r tq f Il rt n t w a s,

w a n a v tv r- . I streI cs st ua t ia t on v ri e it In,

i't ii CSs Ph. r pr)obIom s i n t h e A -? fca se wt WF

ri rst speC i t i:at : rI , 1 ' T t rol do,-jmert 2-3 Wt- e

i jl-' uate and 1ncnmpl t-. -'' , (1 , the p3 ft r't g a , oo' A ,'

,d to apply M1[. 'TI , .41) ,rl o , ntra 't:. ,.i51 tIr- t I .

'- ,'1.W iCnct o e t .... '- -m i tip- to a V- 1 1)nt' rt ')

s dt(I ppl)I - .- J I i;,in- n

,-,1 "' I I. .t, .7 > " .

I I tqiik r J , in 1 1 11 t3 1S -1 'A r I fr-S I ni ' fl I fi tt IiJ t tI i

r ri t in an e ttot r t re va n itiit r I t . ire FlubI I At i(t, n air.

t . rev i ew a I one, n vn i t'd Od -' f iwJ) I r -iw i n v,.-; I e rT I I an'3 11

t t s were a ddd to the program rather than the 11r it i p at d

-S ro A -;niTi i r s ita t i u cr in thn I- A IU pu r an"

li in at te;npt was made t o break out very expe is ie, staIt-

r. t s , ppoE t eq u 1 pien t i ni t h n ile oI cnpii t i t ion, o

I i -AUCe what was t huught to be excessive devel opentar

I -r and j 'a II program co sts . he resilI ts Dt the

" r.etiiv To sest ro gram S-et ('TP Ac-quisition P rogram was a

., V or 1levlopmentaf pr oblems, del ivery schedule si ips,

It,- I.;! pib ktlns a nid c S t over runs, at I having a

a t fn pa:t -jn pm L1 .in In management. In tact, the FA-18

,i. Mctiager 'M ists l1e totl owing PA-18 program

I .~ ' + a] , t r b ut b I e i i r e c: t. I y o t he compe t I Lve T P

, t Ir 1 '.

-' r 5- ? , 12 V F~~! 1 3 I Li ~0~ a a -1 F, po r I x x b 1 I t -

avi d ( i mp I ementat rn - * r-ire i vn M i I itarv 'Sales i-MS'~ii in :1,1 1 t.,n o n t

n:--ased i nter im s11pport coists u&MN and AF-N

[recluded ident it icat ion <rid execution of a p anned

Interim suppor t prr'ti' v il

' Exacerbated spares hr

I)elayed organic Intr -ini-li arid Depot Ilv % ,- n nrfl ,n, ,:t-

-ry ,nd sup po r t t -' , i pinen t

f a e I Pi a I flu ut. A ) ltit n _I s 1 rW I

I

-... . . , . ., , . .X.- - ... - .-- , . -,, - ,- . . . ..i:.: .- : .-. :... . .... . ."-'" -...- '" K 't. " " ' " " " " ' '' " " ' " ".- - - - - - :-"

Fete tirst competitive 'PS contract iwarded in 1- BJ took Il

mont hs to execute. Cos t s t or the (!ompe t it i ve TPS7] endeavor, up

t'i 1985 were placed at 82.2 million dollars and 98 mi I I ion

Jo lars for interim support costs wh i le the I'PS' s were being

lot, ed. k . 'j) The FA- 18 APML had this to say:

i'' t i t ive procurement ot TPS's has been neither t I me ly

Ir cost e tective. Although the decision to compete the

[Alo TPS's was made in mid CY-81, not a single production

:: had been delivered to the fleet by Harris GSSD or

: .j v (Hercules) by November 1986. If competitive

,,,:urement is to be applied successtully in the procure-

iient Or Tl--.'s, it. must be competed through the prime

:,)ntractor. rbis is the principle lesson learned by the

i-A 1B ctommunity. Atter completion ot the development

.t t,, t. NAVAIR can compete the recurring or do a first

ti l breAkout of tol low on procurements. Al I the tools of

, erriatlve acquisition must be in place before initiating

i -a k-,uak tut ac t ion. (Net. 24:p. 2)

rifTit'lfe breakout is counter productive. Reasons for this

- 11 primarily management arid availability of data, however,

1'. I 'M states that an overly optimistic initial schedule

i: id t..D t u i y account t or tactors such as:

,tariv detined Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)

sotj t.ware/hardware specit ication,

Avasilabiiity of ATE,

,Jr-,, t.bl design or several prime avioni cs,

Non-availability of complete technical data pac:kage(proprietary data/complexity),

Non-availability of integration assets (units untdertest- UUT's),

interface problems between prIme avionics '111 T0

eve I opers,

All t- t,ria I admi nistrd .t ve (c-ontr act) ,,?(iys amsn liit -.1

w Ih ,.ompo t It ive prg ram,

62

U'....................................

:,'-" .. •.--"". '"" -."_ _ - " - " -- v "-. " '<:: :- , " " : '~a . ' . , "-' '. ,' ;'4;.,, .'

P Po or con t r actor L rF'10I Uiin a r e rede~ in t t ?

strategies). (e t .

H e r urther states that -A realI is t ic cschedu I e w l I d tv e

allowed for:

H e u~n 14 r n i -ii)r Aiid IF I t i or i r sa 1 t- ic i nt.erT im su p p kr

pier 1 Od,

IJ r vi Pr Iy i i p I imn nit ji or o I L r it er i mn s up p ort wo r k a rouiind s,

-More support tra3de otf options available at costettective price. (Ret. Z3

[h e recommendations made by t he FA-t 1PIM f or the acquis it ion

arid support ot support. equipment are worth looking at

because they not only reemphasize most of the issues

previously discussed. but also signify an awareness that if

pjissed on to tuture program managers should help preclude or

It east l imi t a recur renc.e ot the breakout problIem:

Review the acquisition and support implementation toensure (1) a comprehensive systems approach, and (2) a--orre-sponding inanagement/organizationa I structure.

-Plan and execute the plAn.

Provide realistic delivery schedules (recognize, Planand execute interim support program.

Ensure availability of GFE requirements to thedeveloping agencies (data, UUT's, SE, etc).

Ensure effective associate contractor agreementsare implemented up tront..

Ensure future support equipment develIopmnent c)n t ra4-,t sinclude incentive a rid penalIty clIauses t o piech I !Il-'minimize major scheduling dleviations or technical risk.

Fs tab I i sh et tect i e t ec:ho ques to Mori Ito r c oon ra)to!P-r t o rma nce.

63

- Include provisions to etficiently accommodate change;into support equipments and UUT's as a result oft CP's.

Support of ATE during integration phase must be fullyfunded up front to minimize ATE down time.

.Breakout cost savings must include cost of additionali .nt erim support during the interim support period.

(Ret. -3)

The Navy Program Manager's Guide preaches prjdenc e when

introducing competition during or just prior to the produc-

tion and deployment phase. Experience has repeatedly shown

that the government's interests are best served when the PM

takes the time and incurs the cost necessary to assure a

demonstrated compatibility between any new source and the

design disclosure before that source is allowed to manufac-

ture articles tor the service inventory. The PM should

r-ea lize that when the design drawings, processes, procIe-

dures, and other documents necessary for the transfer of the

pi, dun.tlon ot a sophisticated piece of hardware are dupli

,;ated and transferred from one contractor to another, there

is probably more knowledge and understanding or how to

pr(,duce the article that is left behind in the minds and

hands of the active producer than is obtained in the

transferred material. Learning curves in production programs

are not idle concepts. They are facts of productiun lifu:

%- and, as such, must be reckoned with. (Ref. ?:p. 4-35)

64

,:'....4," . . ,., L .. ... . . . . . . ; I "i~l'l ~ i i l~il dtil h l - m - ,,

E. SAFETY AND READINESS

The FA-18 made its first t light in November, 19 8. i c-

that time, the project has achieved fruition as FA-18's are

deployed world wide. Maintenance technicians at the

-V Organi-atiorial, Intermediate and Depot levels of maintenance

pertorm preventive and corrective maintenance on the air-

craft, its WRA's and related SRA's. By definition,

Integrated Logistic Support (ILS) planning has its tocus at

this level. Indeed, ILS is defined as a management function

t ha t

. . .provides the initial planning, funding and controlswhich help to assure that the ultimate consumer (or user)wi I I receive a system that wi l l not only meet performancerequirements, but one that can be expeditiously andeconomically supported throughout its programmed lifecycle. A major objective is to assure the integration ofthe various elements ot support (i.e., test and support.equipment, spare/repair parts, etc.). (Ret. 21:p. 11-122)

Any break in the intricate management chain described

previously has a major impact on the support of the aircraft

and its systems. This is especially true when one considers

*, the rapid turn around times required to operate from an

aircratt, carrier where missed sorties can have very grave

consequences.

Configuration management and control manifests itselr -at

the matltenance technictan (user) level in the torm of a

part number (P/N) assigned to a specific repairable or

nonrepairable item. A P/N is a number that enables one item

,4€

65

.15

.1 5' . "-''.....-'-. ..- ,.'.. ,.' . - -' ,' '- .'.'.'.'_'_'-'.'-., ':'- _" -,. ' ' > .. . 2 ,-

bie JIs t ingui shed f rom anuther part. numbered It.tII l,!

thte par t numbe r i s p receded by t he des ign ,u t ivI t-y , ule it

~S referred to as the "poart ideit i ticat ion" anrd kiSt the

pr ima ry re fe rence to sou r(Ic d rawi1n gs a nd s pec d t- ai ons. I t

iS impor tan t t o notAe t hat wh ilIe the par t number has a di I- e;:t

i t I un 1 iP to a pa rti cu 1ar des ign activi ty, hf tjr 'JI ~n

Au C I ' t y ma y not be the manufacturer of thte cort t i gu r at i(I ri

I t in h is presents a n interesting t ra c k ing )ro h I II ,

eS Ceci aIIy i n thte case of Class [1 engineer ig t ia r I ii t!

BY Iet imiition,. P/N's would not be altered for a Class 11

tan~e because this would require a publication change.

Av,.oi;)ding4 to M1L-_cTD-480, any publication change torces anl

engineering change Jinto the Class I ECP category (see

A p p tnd Ix B T thIe r elIe v ant -1ue s t ion i s i f a C -A s s I Ih, F

L) any s Ign ificance has been authorized kperhaps when ~t

s5ho'iI : havo been a Cl13qs I !-CP) how duLet-s th I N.

ma int ona nce pubI i cat. i ons or any other logistic oere~"

[i DJ 11t I ed toc reflect the altered parameters and -tnhow I'-I I

appFl icability? Th is quest ion is of speciali concer n t.1 'r

nia minI)t ena nce techn ic ian who ojr de rs a pa rtf f rom a m

manual according to what is known as a "usable-n-ode". b-

use-_able-on-code provides the technician visibility ~

which P/N applies to the particular configuration of :I I

cat t-,WRA o r SRA he i s w or k ing o n. Thte P /N i nfo )r m:)t ioLn Im

!lAas change is passed to NAVAIR and ASO) via a DIr

%b %

C hange Notice (DCN. [he L)CN Is the MIL -;,ILD 1 o0

auL1tho r izatioan docume ,i t -j a P N cha r, g,. Whe n ALSU r i v,-.Iv a

DCN it wi I I update the ASU data t iie. Unfortunately, trie

information stops it ASO and the LCN is not passed to the

Naval Aviation T'echnical Services Fac:i I ity (NATSF) to update

tli pubI -~at. ioUns. rhe reason tor this is that by del Lii t )n.

a Class It change should not require alterations to

publications.

A typical scenario is one in which the technician orders

an appropriate part specified in his maintenance manual (in

t his case a repairable). When the order is received hy the

supply organization servicing his area, and an issue cannot

he made, the request is torwarded to ASO where it. is cross

reterenced with the ASO data base. Occasionally, the A'J-"O

data base will alter the order with a modified P/N based on

information they have received from NAVAIR via the DCN. The

modification may be subtle such as a dash number change. In

addition, it is not uncommon for the ASO item manager to be

in direct contact with the prime contractor or have Acc:e"-s

to a contractor data base usually because there is six

months to a year time delay fur change documentation to ev-t

t'o ASO. The MCAIR data base ui til ized by the F A 18 Weapo3n

,>ystem Manager at ASO is cal led the Technical Requilpiments

Inventory Management (TRIM) System. TRIM allows the it ,n

67

-. %- . _ - '. : : :- - - -

a'

manager to plan ahead in procuring the latest item t it ,

i. impl ies that the Navy system i s inidequate d -1 (

provide timely intorinat Iun) The i tem marager wi I I trei-n

instigate an issue or the most up to date item WI tt t h.

latest appL I i(b ie dash number. The technician now h.1 A

ci it 1,AjI d. i I l()1 t i) ma k- s i nce, he d(oes not havef v i ; t-, i i

ut the C lass I I document ion that the ASO i tem mana ,r has.

T l'k- tecthnic ian is governed by hi s ptb icat. i (Ins. , ri, l,

deviati ions t rom his publ icat ions increases his I I tI I I ty.

(-,j IS eq Lien t I y , he v Isla I i zes a satety or t I ght i S~ iJH i t tii

disparity r) f information tie is receiv in g. The it em tie

I re:eived may look I ike the one he needs, but he lie. nta.

a. know what is inside. He does not know it the Item tie

r eeIved t rom supp I y wi I I Iunction properly in ttho : t , ,iii -

- is working on. He wi l attempt to verity t he nr rt c n -. t

the nt or mat ion by ask i nfL spe( it in tecthn i , , li t t

A, usual i y f the i tem manager wrio 1i rsr) t t r .

qija I iled t, answer tt qe iljeHs t i .ns. It1 -n--il

verification is on as thte ill'r f t r ema i n " nit Ill

-i pa blIe. Th e Typ VmY- F't- ein t1- r

u't mmanders get active v r.. 'I1'. )I te re t r . I

A great deal of tine , : R, *r r.or ... ,lcI

verify the appi icahi I " T i'. r .n t i 'N.

t IIum I I cu m in t s i,- I Tm' Ii.-

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V. RiIN M M N: I IN AND [PL-'MMI-N A FiV ) N'

A. ;UMMARY

: ,.' , .'.~ ~~ I I J I Fl Ii T I I Il ' T% Il JLl iiv r[ I ~ l ; t ) I * ,

- ri(- ~ -p e irkt ;min . A i n runt rh-It

r '.' 't' tru? ;11'tu.- i ;.I r rI~9n rt' st}' t-ii. Ir)l, r mi l .-

i it I ,n-u tu ti r .M

* ,• A ,' ' . . h

mu' .l

I _ra t r .. .. in ," I

r a

b~reakdown in the Navy 1iqjis tilri o~c~rmainy. I'th< jC 1 11

;trategy plays a ITIi .)r r~ () ' IT how th (Mk Cm b ! t-ct I ~,

piyed. W h I t ?t tie ca tt-pgy s - L et- ted by t te Pu 4 r ~n1

FM wi 1i I I n t ro0dU Ce I r ~Iy V se I t I 1FUSed e n 3 t ra In t s t r I (

.111l'Ll' t-IFt-' 0 ir tu i~E1

I Y tipe ii I'fu~f t2 I~ r

I rpe ~ k I i r~lg breakuiit . t ; m ei I '

l 'r t'r&.i thp ;t-Atjg e m d~ Vr ii ~ it~

iri I;n nr L~ . it H* 1 pI -;t i t~ok b t: en1 I r' hit- .m Ii .. t

t t~ h ri irit trt V h n tt a tI i t u it i ri s

t 'T t -j 'n. t- r- T 1 1 It

i M *. r. *! i v.41 Ii -.

T1 IT) I1 1

IMCUJ* .i %* , I .4,1! i

4'0 .-.

.V- I V q Will

er-ifectively controlled the product baseline tor -ill

designated F A-18 con r 1guration i tems l'he tro luwlrfig

Aon)c I uSions are stated in response to the primary arId

secondary research questions:

The complexity of configuration control problems riaV eout stripped the present system's ability to handle

them. The present system is inadequate and unible to)

Capt Ure the current fast paced, high t eclhric w,)gy

environment. Indeed, changes that could have asubstantial impact on system supportabi I J ty Can b>'

made wIth alarming itpeed. The proliteratijr itIlically developed systems designed to capture the

dynamic environment. of CM lack overal I coordinat ion,

irtegrat ion and standardization.

"' .vn the state of the art in terms C)t ImpU t er

A si ited D)es ign t CAD) and Compo] er Ai c:t edMli 'tJt,ctur ing ( CAM) , it is l ikely that Vr ivate

nlluij;t ry ha-s ;j bettt-r 1rasp on t. echnTi I ull|i I ',' nl-?1 ,rII

Sr Ll ''P I a I I V 1n t rife tit i I ation o t m n a ,, em on tttit rmat. i()i system , toy tracking a t e h ; I I I I It A

I' Pr r ani M a giger has u I t imate re ons ib I t ,,i'jt" rw,) 1 1' V t or c-onf i tura t i on manago~merit . ;t

I')it, t 'J J 0 , ih wever, that he ha + e, t *9, i :

t I t li,; i p ; i a I to per t i)irm t I i t i

SIf P I I ty , p+,i It I Im Iv Y Irl t e ,-ip j .f + ,t 1 . t

• i- -i', " I' In g 'ha r i+ g 1 , p S t P F) t ho' 1, A p i't '• .

C iTr I' , ', ,;tJpJpo r ta b li I i t -Y" I S l lf-s . I rl idd,,: i I ;,,r.,, '

A i h i I i h t y I n ti ,vt-r r a t p I r. t i T'! 1 . ..1 n1 t h! I I 1 de tp th1, F)A V ) X4 I

V'tie Jyst b IS ilt I Ill, I i al t -

e l lit ,t ,M c Irl I I 'e t e . .. .i W

" [ql i-A i I riu , I 1 ver ate ii F ,Vt i I I I

e fisount r i n r ()i : 11 11, ,,1 j i -d Jie t ,i

t ir tra ni i' t r I i'i', ,

ri it ,-i 1it ttI i ,i i r

i. .. . '. k p. I.. .. ........... v Ti.t ,.r I ..

!N

5. It is not likely that prime contractors or sec:ornd .ndthird tier vendors circumvent I he system to avoid ah,It

they perceive as bureaucratic bottlenecks. It 1 5Iikely, however, that they use the amb i gtr t. is in n ,n

system to avoid the additional expense (- Class I bCPjustification and processing wher possible.

.- . RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the above conclusions, the tolo Ijwngp ecommendations are made:

1. Undertake a program to identify and coordinateexisting data bases relevant to CM. A means ol

integrating pertinent information and making itavailable for all DOD Configuration Manage, should be

. devel oped.

E pedite th Impleuentat1on ot NA LCOMI C if it is to be

the ultimate Configuration Status Accounting tool.

Imp I emeritat ion should include provisions for up I inereporting to Functional Wings, Carrier Air Winqs and,ype Commanders.

In the absence ot a coherent DUD CM system, P 1efr. ,ll

Managers should undertake a long term cost/benerit

a na I ys Is as to the purchase ot a CM syst em tr ,;m t ,op I me contractor that would effectively ,I 1

t I I 2ent Iy integrate the technical data basel i ne t'heir I, ecit ic program with DUD CM systems.

1 . H-vIew MIL 480D-480 tor ambiguities. varI a'i tv , u

expediency in the classitication )t en ine-r iga nhan41 s. In the area ut Class i changes. pI v de

specific guidelines tor the review and reporti, i , -tI 'as I I :hanges. kei rit or-e the use ot (Class I F P''It may be possible to provide some middle ground f,,I

Plant Representatives t( work in such as 1 a JIj I, I

ceiling approval jijt t,(r I ty I Lor ce ta in Class I it '

to encourage pr ope-r r.'po f ig ,.t uiang--i inI

expecite the process.

Provide train r ,,I r- g t ablI I sh a '.i IIeI' pi h I

professional ('on iriirat in Managers. An engin p ;i i.,tr krgar )lJa J or !1m1ri-d i,,eXpe t exfp I1 f" r i I i

m-rn iaragemkit -0,11l1 he~ ptter f r(ed( ti'Z~~~ II 1 | , .[ g! ',II: 1 nl I nl g I

41

Ir

. . . . . . . .. . .

" amiliarization ot I L a nd t he L_"A p r L3u e-,s sho ii I aISo)

b' e provided to government engineers tasked with t te

i-# review of engineering ch;anges.

D. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RE.SEARCH

F :.l W t) n rf eSeaI. I may be desired in the fol lowing

A review L)t all I iguing Navy and/or DUD acquisition

Irid procurement programs to identif y and document the

many dittereFit approathes to (:M currently in use.

hesearch in this J1ied should include a detailed

cI35SH'3meilt it MI".

S VI-w 1 iII le fI l I tre NALC'UMI module desigred to

AS 1s1,10e th, L'-nl I gut at ion mainagement, control,

id- Fni 11 ication ,i ii. ' [L irng tunct ions to determineI t I t w L I be ._:apa ble ot pertorming CM integration and

-oal i i in u r,iei to provide thi r I t ical

upp J r tab i i i r I it ( r m11 t i ri.

. Iw Ii Ij e ] I , I Linst rUct1 ions, di rect IV-s and

at it'ns, I l in Pt t or t tu sti eam Iie t tie hange

Irri)'l 0;I'p),-e. Make recommendations to hI gher

atuthiir i ty regarding rt it gan iiation of and impruvements

t I. jJ I t Jy t . Ci .

• r m a c s t / b -rTe It a na y s s t o i den t i f y the

de Ur t IS 1t a g,3tsi rim#en t dovse I oped C M f'rIgrD m ;

.ftse,1 t o ine dev I uped by a pr i me con . i a ctor or .

ma fur weapun syst iii (-qt1ui s t ion.

.

%% 78

*L ,

APPENDIX A

REPRESENTATI VE CLINTRAC PIAL EF-ERFtENC:;

[Ref. 5:p. B- I

'. DOD Directive 0)O. I. "Acqiisit-; ,n ot Mj jr l,-,t,,i...T

,;v t ems"lI I ts i -I I ye es tab I sht_,; po)I icy Ir ma 1!,,t ,-.

syst.em acqul si t ion in t. he Military bepa r tirri',, 1 '

I ~I T!I r , Ag enc.es1. F he r in agew n pr m mc. , i p1 .i Ii;V.

SLI - t , t Iv p A re app I (ab I e to a I prr a s n, u ia,;

t t I t rs

,....LJ L Manma I il.:. J M. t ard a -diat r t a[t|Ir n P, i i .

.I uris ,Irld I r s t t uct (onS"

] "_ st 1-4 ndard i ,_at i o n prov 151,ilS L-, t tv i tl.il., ; st ) D items and related engineer ing g

- f9A, 35 5, serv i -es and do culmenltat Wt h ' ri w h

i. r rirl t i ( ns or tesi i gn, deve I,,pme nt F 1 1 1r -irlni, II

,I- -i l dti'. ll-.i . .rispc- Ct ion, supply, mar irtena ri, , i ;-r,,Fter V, "Uut I Inc iI t Irm nd lrst ,t II-, ,

1 ,-t rA t i,)n I) t I i i Ii l ions arid At3s,)(l t .I ir .

par t i culaI Iv i pl I .a blit ti '" '

i I nt. i t I i,, t i ()r i ria-, amuch as i t I I r-e o- s t ,., - ,

I -lf,- I AnT)d Mi I ..I ary SVeC i tI at I Lr-;.

"- i j I A,, -v i i I i in Rfiz Ij I a t ir)T r it Ah k

V I. n g 11 1i t I TmI a ('11 U I I 1 on T -I I I I

i* i. aI ,-'xK 'jt Iv 3 -g 0 1w I '- . It 'I p i - t

t ;, Isiti I i t ,, , t: r A, VI- p ., , I w1

.

r9 a- w r r j ii k!5 I i .- r i I i 4 -I t t I : t 1 Cr, I t r, t , e .G

1 , t r e, f' 3(' t tipa -Ir i ii i I)- Ir r iI ' I tP -t ,r i I w ,

I t f M (,) I p s.: ' p p ( , t I I I n)f € r, I 1 ' ' I . , ,

I t- r r, ad in (Jiri )t ttii"9 , Fial il,. It 14, t ,,

I t be spfec i t i p .

MIL-S-83490, "Spe i it i rin . . a"1

.

VTm il a pec I t I (a t I i 1 I

prepar Ing spec f i T t ifl -j - ii flat I '

vpeU and forms o)t .. r , ,It , i. 1,

;sage in the vari jm i ;f i m rth,4 ia .

4W!A IF t. I~* x "xii i,* I ~ I M.1n.l 0'r*-. ,+ ,,r., ., Mat. e l -- t a.rn"' tin lie+ I-' tl t ae !l

I *.'MI a 1 4 m I I it, I h ti I -a. 1 1l 9'n+ t r -,

%

%,. [ ; i , % .4 t , *+rid

•- %I

%

""~~ ~~~ J e r s I' I' Il i I e q 11 1 1I n r-ll it I " (*fl :! j

management riot. ,4)J,. t- T l i ti'e it h l TIll - ic y ID

d eta i I e d m i I I.,-i ,s i aI t. , a; --1,i

t ions of curir i g it j r L LTI il I) 0 t7gt-1) et -bt3

'IL-STD 100, " F- n r -r ir n :.iw ,I, l i ,

S T-1, ar. I teA- crltjes pr I .,rt

1 t' -~- r fu r, tv i in .w- p i ri t'v

I "I" - I I t I I '

l~~~~~~l~r M I kl~ ,?>m T! Itt <-z W.t ,r t I tt l , 7' % -

o- m I I I

.'U 'f li t , , -

H r11 I

Mo c

',orafl i .r

6 rim 7 .q

-".--D 4 .-ST D. "

":il.*I~ llfI , t I. fl'',

qI

-- - .. w - -

M I L :'L) 4 ju, t I rt t t. L, n raCt I Ct

This standard e t - .3f t h p1t'ct I k:ves tor Fr -par 1 n ,

interpreting, , Iarg rlg ,-ird revi- lng program pecul I r

specifications Pf rop r t ty (-)I, to1" [)JD componets . I

t-stabil ishes un t in -pec t ; :. t ions prac t ices comparb I eto the engineering, drawinrg prn ;tices it mIL ' ) lo0 .

f'. FU rm H.. " ,. ".' r)t tact Pr icing Pr opo-, al (Change

,l -- t I I 1tn ra 0 t a 1 jr if' t o u it a t. by w h 1c t t he c )n

i j r t utii i t s to t-ovtrninent :t summarv ot incurred aridlsltl s nt ( ( , t t i che .Ji kup po r t. .ng ITI1 0rill3 I ko)

I . - I deta fed rtv iew arid -na I ysis.

t1 , m r , v l es t .)i t he I is t ng of data i te1ts

SI 1 d v j ei red u der t-he , c titra ct.

. i in I n, A4 "N r --jx an d Development Planning

4. iiL"1 pr o v tle r u r t ti n ttor m tormat for i n i t at i n g

-.d1 .i nt g in fo Lrmat ion needed in reviewing and

+; 2 ' A Lc iiad, l development programs.

in 1hU4 , -Pa ta lte Descr1pt ion"iii I, -si : ht' ,i d ;

t m which the cont rac tor is

.- t I t tit- 0 1 :lunt.

t -i i. .F~ n e i- Charge lPropns,- Is"

i I . i k.v ieit-s a cimp: hinsive. standard format t ,h -

r )f 1' rpi - ig change.

.., H.r,t, ok H4 I " r- a'oral ki- ppl y (ode for Manltt. dc

., i.. ,ly Cl i Ji- ri Manufacturers tFICM) Is ,

system o t ntimr.t-r s assigned to establ ishments

I , manutat'tIJr 1i, civ- design control o f t .- ins* . ;;,. proc;ured tv ,I 5 of- the Federal Government.

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CHECKL.i-;I FiH !,A 'It N Y"'H + N AN,

( I n A( ,,I iO t w r, M I A

I F e . /: . V P I

*'. [h he,-k I w i.- t - . t ICII r , t r trl 1r1 ts t h - -I ' "

.- ~~W . ( Ida t e - Ii- t , n1 ti~ A p i r i p t 1.

Loo i'uca n pea r i1 g. r.o s I pb ~e4D[ , n d e n'J [' t. J ? i t i IF al t i i; t i )i a t h. i h 1d.

-:he i nuh" : r t i the ho i v p r o)r- . p -l or NH I1ems 0 r 'J h Ih A 2he(k tn the YE; colIrn m -t, ti t

C Ih. iIw ti wre a s no checks in t h e YIi rid t ..-' t .-j t re chan .e i s i ass 1 I1

fNE Are any It the t actors I I .-I h, ,

att etted

1-'h I in t i u ao - I u r a I I 00 a t 0d I Vill ,-

t. Io ( ontract SPFC I F IC ATI ()N t .r tun,-ti nal or a l located b.--e I int).

The d r duct conf i g ura t icon 1idtri t I

Ion as, nractuai y spec:I t Ie1. , ,appi (d go ove r nmen t a t. I v i t 1 3

e x cI nij n iy r e t p r en I: n ed d r a w in

The IIIC NICAL REQ I I REMLN1TK I s t -:d t-i I w

(:ontal ned in the pl du( c (.111 c 'utnt I ,, JI j 1,11identi t 1cat ion, inciudiri reterer ced

dra.4ings, as contract ua l Iy e; : t -A'or as appl ied to ;ov-r tm.-Im rt

act ivit es )

%' Per l ormance (,utside s Lit ed t Ie r n,

k- i *I v iv, I ( o Lit 1 0 ht I.,

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