A STUDY OF LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE AT TOURISM PLACE IN

MEDAN

SKRIPSI

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requerement

for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd)

English Education Program

By :

MUTIA NURSYAFITRI NASUTION

1602050013

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2020

i

ABSTRACT

Mutia Nursyafitri Nasution.1602050013. A Study of Linguistic Landscape at

Tourism Place in Medan. Skripsi. English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training

and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan 2020.

This research deals with a study of linguistic landscape specifically language used

in the sign at tourism places of Medan. It mainly aimed to investigate on three

issues as follows: firstly, to investigate what languages are realized on linguistic

landscape, secondly, to investigate the types of sign categories on linguistic

landscape and thirdly is reason the realization of linguistic landscape at tourism

places in Medan. The research is applied descriptive qualitative method. The data

of this research is the written text displayed on signs that was taken through

photography and taking note. There are 82 signs collected that were analyzed

through applying Miles and Huberman theory in which data reduction, data

display, and conclusion drawing/verification are significantly implemented. The

results of the data analysis showed that the languages found in the linguistic

landscape at Tourism Places in Medan are Bahasa Indonesia (monolingual sign),

Bahasa Indonesia-English Language (bilingual sign), English language

(Monolingual sing), and English language-Bahasa Indonesia (bilingual sign). It

also showed that the types of Sign categories at Tourism Places in Medan were

realized as direction signs, advertising signs, warning notices and prohibitions,

building names, informative sign, slogans sign, and graffiti sign. Based on

interview data, the all types are mostly functionally as informative sign that aimed

to facilitate the visitors to get the information.

Keywords : Linguistic Landscape, Signs, Tourism Places of Medan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi. Wabarakatuh,

In the name of Allah SWT the most beneficient and the most merciful.

Firstly, the researcher would like to thank to Allah who had given chances,

healthy, mercy for the writter to finish her research. Secondly, blessing and peace

be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW as the figure of good civilization,

intellectual, braveness, and loving knowledge.

The writer realize that this research paper would never be possible

without other people‟s help, so the writer would like to express her gratitude and

appreciation to :

1. Dr. Agussani, M. AP, the Rector of University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera

Utara.

2. Dr. Elfrianto, M.Pd, the Dean of FKIP UMSU who had given agreement of

this research.

3. Mandra Saragih, S.Pd., M.Hum, as the Head of English Education

Department FKIP of University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara and

Pirman Ginting, S.Pd., M.Hum, as the secretary of English Education

Department FKIP of University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

4. Mandra Saragih, S.Pd., M.Hum, as her Supervisor for his guidance, ideas,

and suggestion who has spent his precious time in giving valuable advices

and correction during the process of this study completion.

iii

5. All lecturers of FKIP UMSU from whom the researcher got knowledge

during composing this activity.

6. Her very own superhero parents Drs.H. Ahnmad Nasution M.Pd & Hj.

Mardiah for super love, care, affection and prayers for their daughter

7. Her most love brother and sister Alm. Muhammad Syahbana Nasution, Ibnu

Hajar Nasution, Nisa Aulia Nasution and Reza Alfarizi Nasution thanks for

every support, love, care, affection, and prayer for her.

8. Her beloved Raka Aminurrahman A.Md , Thanks for his supports in every

moment.

9. Her best friends ―Black Pinks Gengs‖ : Aulia Hasanah Yusri, Yuma

Afriyatna, and Mita Nurhusnaini thanks for always coloring her days and

always sharing everything

This study is.one.of.requirements.for.the.degree.of.sarjana pendidikan

(S.Pd) at FKIP, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. Hopefully, this

study give many people some information and knowledge.

Wassalamualaikum warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Medan, November 2020

Mutia Nursyafitri Nasution

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... iv

LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................. viii

LIST OF PICTURE ............................................................................................ ix

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... x

CHAPTER.I. INTRODUCTION. ........................................................................ 1

A. Background.of.the.Study ................................................................................ 1

B. The.Identification.of.the.Problem .................................................................. 4

C. Problems of the Study ................................................................................... 5

D. The.Objectives.of.the.Study .......................................................................... 5

E. Scope.and Limitation ..................................................................................... 5

F. The.Significances of.the.Study. ..................................................................... 6

1. Theoritical Significance ............................................................................ 6

2. Practical Significance ............................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..................................................... 7

A.. Linguistic Landscape ................................................................................... 7

1. Definition of Linguistic Landscape ............................................................ 7

2. Function of Linguistic Landscape ............................................................... 8

2.1 The Informative Function .............................................................. 8

v

2.2 The Symbolic Function ................................................................. 9

3. Sign ............................................................................................................ 10

3.1 Definition of Sign ................................................................................ 10

3.2 Types of Sign ...................................................................................... 10

3.3 Direction of Sign ................................................................................. 12

3.4 Advertising Sign .................................................................................. 12

3.5 Warning Notice and Prohibition ......................................................... 12

3.6 Building Name Sign ........................................................................... 13

3.7 Informative Sign .................................................................................. 13

3.8 Graffiti Sign ......................................................................................... 14

3.9 Slogan Sign ......................................................................................... 14

4. Semiotic ..................................................................................................... 15

4.1. Definition of Semiotic ...................................................................... 15

4.2. Concept of Semiotic ......................................................................... 15

4.3. Social Semiotic ................................................................................. 16

4.3.1. Context and Text ....................................................................... 16

4.3.2 Context of Situation ................................................................... 16

4.3.3 Text ............................................................................................ 17

5. Tourism Place ............................................................................................ 19

5.1 Defenition of Tourism Place .............................................................. 19

B. Previous.Relevant.Studies ......................................................................... 26

C. .Conceptual Framework. ............................................................................ 28

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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH.METHODOLOGY ........................................... 30

A. Research.Design .......................................................................................... 30

B. Source.of.Data ............................................................................................. 30

C. Technique of.Data.Collection ...................................................................... 30

1. Observation .................................................................................................... 31

2. Documentation ........................................................................................ 31

3. Interview ................................................................................................. 31

D. Technique.of.Data.Analysis ........................................................................ 31

CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS. ............................................ 33

A. Data. .............................................................................................................. 33

B. Data.Analysis. .............................................................................................. 33

1.Types.of Language on Signs ..................................................................... 34

1.1 Monolingual Signs .............................................................................. 35

1.2 Bilingual Signs ..................................................................................... 38

2. Categories of Signs ................................................................................. 39

2.1 Informative Sign................................................................................... 40

2.2 Direction Sign ...................................................................................... 42

2.3 Building Names .................................................................................... 43

2.4 Warning Notices and Prohibition ......................................................... 44

2.5 Advertising Sign .................................................................................. 45

2.6 Slogan Sign .......................................................................................... 47

3. Signs Construction ................................................................................... 48

3.1 The Reason Linguistic Items Realize in Tourism Place In Medan…..48

vii

1. The Informational Function ....................................................... 48

2 . The Symbolic Function ............................................................... 50

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION.AND.SUGGESTION ..................................... 52

A. .Conclusion ................................................................................................... 52

B. .Suggestion .................................................................................................. 52

REFERENCES. ................................................................................................... 54

viii

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1. Languages displayed at Tourism Place of Medan ............................. 32

Table 2. Percentage of types lamguage at tourism places in Medan ............... 34

Table 3. The Number Categaroies of Sign ..................................................... 40

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LIST OF PICTURE

Picture 1. Sign in Tjong A Fie Mansion .................................................... 3

Picture 2. Maimoon Palace ...................................................................... 19

Picture 3. Great Mosque of Medan .......................................................... 20

Picture 4. Merdeka Walk ........................................................................... 23

Picture 5. Tjong A Fie mansion ................................................................ 24

Picture 6. State museum of Sumatera Utara .............................................. 25

Picture 7. Conceptual framework .............................................................. 29

Picture 8. Monolingual signs in Maimoon ................................................. 35

Picture 9. Merdeka Walk ........................................................................... 36

Picture 10. Signs in Grand Mosque ........................................................... 37

Picture 11. Signs in Maimoon Palace ....................................................... 37

Picture 12. Bilingual in Maimoon Palace ................................................. 38

Picture 13. Bilingual in Grand Mosque ..................................................... 39

Picture 14. (a) Informative signs in Maimoon Palace ............................... 41

(b) Informative signs in Grand Mosque of Medan ................... 41

Picture 15. Direction Signs in Great Mosque of Medan ........................... 42

Picture 16. Direction Signs in Maimoon Palace ........................................ 43

Picture 17. Buildings names in Great Mosque of Medan ......................... 43

Picture 18. Warning Notice and Prohibiiton in Merdeka Walk ................. 44

Picture 19. Advertising signs in Merdeka Walk ....................................... 46

Picture 20. Slogan Signs in Merdeka Walk .............................................. 47

Picture 21. Informational function in Tjong A Fie .................................... 49

Picture 22. Symbolic function in tjong A Fie ............................................ 50

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Form K 1

Appendix 2 Form K 2

Appendix 3 Form K3

Appendix 4 Surat Permohonan Persetujuan Judul Skripsi

Appendix 5 Surat Permohonan Perubahan Judul Skripsi

Appendix 6 Berita Acara Bimbingan Proposal

Appendix 7 Lembar Pengesahan Proposal

Appendix 8 Berita Acara Seminar Proposal

Appendix 9 Surat Keterangan

Appendix 10 Surat Pernyataan Bukan Plagiat

Appendix 11 Surat Keterangan Izin Riset

Appendix 12 Surat Keterangan Selesai Riset

Appendix 13 Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi

Appendix 14 Lembar Pengesahan Skripsi

Appendix 15 Curriculum Vitae

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of .Study

Linguistic landscape is a scientific study of public space through

investigating language used on public sphere with varieties of languages and its

pattern. It commonly refers to any sign announcement displayed at outside or

inside a public institution or a private business such as government building,

advertising billboards, street names, commercial shop in which the use of its

language has been influenced by multilingualism. Gorter (2008: 1) argues that

language is around us, ―displayed on shop windows, commercial signs,

posters, official notices, traffic signs etc.‖ It also mean as the realization of

multilingualism which is displayed through linguistic diversity in its written form

in the public sphere as symbolic construction of the public sphere. Most studies

on linguistic landscapes have used this concept to describe and analyze

language situations.

Linguistic Landscape is often ignored by most people especially in city of

Medan which has been highly dominated by foreign languages, especially English

which is the language most often used in naming public place like shops,

restaurants, residential complexes, schools, street names, etc. The use of foreign

language is increasing prevent especially in public spaces. It can be found

variously in Medan starting institutions, company such as restaurant, hotels,

hospitals, malls, coffee shops and advertisement posted on the road side. The

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names of places that use a mixture of two languages in the city of Medan such as

Medan Mall, Citra Garden, Gaperta Residence, Medan Station, Hairos Water

Park etc. and some even use full English, for example Sport Station, Center Point,

Kesawan Square, Rahmat International Wildlife Museum. Nowadays, giving a

name to a place using a foreign language is considered not a problem and is very

common thing. And this is stated by Gorter (2007) the languages diversity in LL

are influenced by the multilingualism and bilingualism. And the simple effect of

linguistic landscape is how people prefer to use the word merdeka walk rather

than lapangan merdeka since the sign realized in front of the field uses the word

Merdeka Walk. The use of language can influenced by linguistic landscape. The

question is why can English be used in the linguistic landscape? Why not just use

Indonesian? Are there certain rules regarding making linguistic landscape?

The increase of bilingualism on public signs around us can have an

impact on the perception of society that it is as if people are living abroad using

English Even though Indonesians live in Indonesia, which upholds the unified

Indonesian language . It is truly against with what strongly declared in Sumpah

Pemuda Text by which it also supported by Law Article 33

“Bahasa Indonesia wajib digunakan pada nama bangunan atau gedung,

apartemen atau permukiman, perkantoran, dan kompleks perdagangan yang

didirikan atau dimiliki oleh warga negara Indonesia atau bahan hukum

Indonesia”.

Other than, the sign has rules for display in public spaces. According to

the results of the minister‗s decision regarding the signs in the public spaces.

In the section of 13 describes the words in the form of words explained that

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(1) Peringatan, larangan, perintah, dan instruksi yang tidak dapat

dinyatakan dengan simbol, dapat dinyatakan dengan kata-kata. (2) Tanda yang

menggunakan kata-kata harus mudah dibaca, singkat dan mudah dimengerti. (3)

Untuk wilayah tertentu, jika diperlukan dapat menggunakan lebih dari 2 (dua)

bahasa yaitu bahasa Indonesia di atas dan bahasa asing di bawah.

The linguistic landscape is also realized through various type of signs

especially at Tourism Places in Medan. The text is used varied in which each of

sign has own function depends on certain purposes. It also sometimes create the

problem where the people cannot easily to understand the core information of the

sign such as the data bellow where it created by English.

Consider of the following example :

Picture 1: Sign in Tjong A Fie Mansion

The sign above is Language displayed through one language as known as

monolingual information. It would be potentially creates the problem to get the

core information to whom do not understand English as well. Linguistic landscape

has two main function, namely, informative function and symbolic function where

4

both are not clearly mentioned on the sign. Shortly, it also not in accordance with

government regulations which written on Indonesia constitution.

The study of linguistic landscape has attracted many scholars in different

parts of the world. Interest in the study of linguistic landscape has particularly

grown in fields of applied linguistics and sociolinguistics. After having

observation about linguistic landscape around tourism places in Medan, there are

many signs are need to be deeply investigated for having clear information. The

conveying of information at Tourism Places in Medan is also no longer in written

language such as picture, but more sophisticated communication that the

conveying of information has been used with methods by displaying symbols,

images, and signs in providing information or in prohibition and warning. So,

based on the explanation above, the researcher would like to have the research by

the title‖ A Study of Linguistic Landscape at Tourism Place in Medan”.

B. Identification of the Problem

Based on the background of the study, identification the problem can be

formulated as follows:

1. The realization of Linguistic landscape at tourism places in Medan is

varied in term of language which is not following government‘s rule.

2. The types of sign categories based on the function and the use of of signs

are realized on linguistic landscape that is needed to be analyzed

5

3. The function of linguistic landscape at tourism places in Medan is not

clearly stated for.

C. Problems of the Study

Based on the background above, the Researcher formulates the problems of

the study as:

1. What types of language dominantly used in linguistics landscape at

tourism places in Medan?

2. What type of sign categories based on the function and the use of signs

are used in linguistic landscape at Tourism places in Medan?

3. Why linguistic landscape realized at Tourism Places in Medan the way

they are?

D. Objectives of the Study

Based on the problems of the study above, this study is intended to describe:

a. To.investigate the.dominant language that used in Tourism places in

Medan.

b. To investigate the realization of linguistic items based on the function

and the use of sign at Tourism Places in Medan.

c. To investigate the realization of linguistic items based on function of

linguistic landscape at Tourism places in Medan.

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E. Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is about sociolinguistic arena. The limitation of this

research is about a study of linguistic landscape based on Landry and Bourhis

theory. This study was focused on investigating type of language and type of sign

on linguistic landscape at tourism places in Medan.

F. Significance of Study

In addressing the objectives outlined above, this study should enhance our

understanding of what actions are required for linguistic landscape to be more

fully supportive.

1. Theoretical Significance

This research can enrich the research in the field of the linguistic

landscape. In addition, this research can be used as an additional reference for

students who want to conduct a research. Especially in the linguistic landscape.

2. Practical Significance

It is expected that the reader can master more about the linguistic

landscape, and improve the language awareness particularly at tourism places of

Medan environment.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Linguistic Landscape

1. Definition of Linguistic Landscape

Linguistic landscape (LL) is studying the visibility of the written

languages form in the signs at the public place. The term of LL is firstly defined

by Landry and Bourhis (1997) as the language used in public road signs,

advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and

public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape in

a given territory, region, or urban group.

Written languages form in the signs at the public space is a study of

linguistic landscape. Landry and Bourhis are experts who define LL very firstly,

(1997) stated that linguistic landscape as the visibility and salience of languages

on public and commercial signs in a given territory or region. Specifically, the

notion refers to:

“the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place

names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings

combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban

agglomeration.”

Written form in public space that realized in use of language are the

concerned of Landry and Bourhis. It refers to language that everybody can see in a

specified area (Bourhis& Landry, 2002). ―The languages diversity in LL is

8

influenced by multilingualism and bilingualism. It is a common phenomena in this

world. Both the languages diversity and the different of languages vitality have

the important implications to the individuals and the societies‖ (Gorter, 2007).

2. Function of Linguistic Landscape

Informative and symbolic are the function of linguistic landscape.

According to Landry and Bourhis, 1997, ―Informative function indicates the

borders of the territory of linguistic group. It shows that a specific language or

languages for communication or to sell products. On the other hand, the symbolic

function refers to the value and the status of the languages as regarded.

2.1 The Informative function

Landry and Bourhis (1997) distinguish between the two basic

functions the LL fulfils: informational and symbolic. The informational

(communication) function of language signs shows the languages that are used for

communication and mark the geographical territory inhabited by a given language

community.

The dominance of a particular language may indicate that only the

observable language will allow individuals to access the goods and services they

want or require. Personal frustration and a sense that one‘s group language is not

respected may be experienced when the languages on the public signs are not

matched by services in the corresponding language within the establishment.

9

This value and status that is consciously and unconsciously perceived can

be regulated to some extent by top down policies (Waksman & Shohamy, 2010).

The informational function can reflect the power and status of competing

language groups. Language signs may be written in the language of the dominant

group with only a few signs of the weaker language group.

2.2 The symbolic function.

The symbolic (solidarity) function conveys feelings of belonging,

acceptance and value to the in-group when one‘s own language is represented in

the LL. When one‘s language is not visible a negative social identity may develop

by implying the language is not valued and has little status within society (Reh

2004, Landry & Bourhis, 1997). Therefore, the LL may target a specific portion

of people. To construct meaning from the LL, a process of interpretation and

discursive negotiation is required. Individuals make meaning from print based on

their prior experiences. The interpretations, therefore, will differ according to the

perspectives of those who observe them. Leeman & Modan (2009) pay special

attention to the symbolic functions of language and their role in the assembly of

social spaces.

The use of symbols within the LL is necessary to analyze. Some

symbols are universal, and not dependent on written text to define them. The

power that is displayed by use of language through written text must also be a

consideration for people whose languages do not have a written script.

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3. Sign

3.1 Definition of Sign

Signs are written texts that describe information in a particular place.

According to Backhaus (2007), ―sign is defined as any piece of written text,

including anything from the small handwritten sticker attached to a lamp-post to

huge commercial billboard s outside a department store‖. Conveying the messages

of general public interest, such as topographic, information, directions, warnings,

instruction, and so on are the function of signs.

Signs on the LL can also play a symbolic role wherein appropriation,

aspiration, transgression and hybridity are found to be indicators of changes in the

social milieu‖ (Backhaus 2007). In addition, the placement of signs is also

important for understanding spatial "ownership", power relations and

interpretation of gaps and contradictions in social structures. The public space

according to Shohamy ―…streets, parks, billboards, shops, stores and offices.

The core of the public space in the era, however, consists principally of areas

designated as ‗center‗ or ‗downtown‗, i.e. the groups of streets and squares where

one sees ‗a crowd‗ when most people are not at work‖.

3.2 Types of Signs

Signs are generally consisted into two types, there is Top Down and

Bottom Up, Cenoz and Gorter‗s 2006 stated ―that top-down, the government or

related institutionrefer to the official signs while bottom-up signs refer to the

nonofficial signs put by commercial enterprises or by private organizations or

11

persons‖. In other words, government sign or top-down or official sign intended to

sign produced by public authorities such as being a government, city or public

institution, and sign produced by individuals, organizations or companies or less

autonomous in official regulations limiting personal do downward or unofficial

marks.

'Top-down' items include those issued by national public

bureaucracies, public signs, public announcements and street names. 'Bottom-up'

items, on the other hand, include those issued by owners of social actors and

companies such as names and signs and business announcements. Although the

use various terminologies to distinguish top-down from bottom-up signs, they still

refer to the same basic understanding of top-down as government and bottom-up

as commercial.

Based on Spolsky and Cooper, they stated that―classify the signs into

the different criteria to build the sign languages taxonomies. The signs taxonomies

based on the function and the use of the signs (such as direction signs, advertising

signs, warning notices, building names, informative signs, graffitti, and slogan),

b). The signs taxonomies based on the materials used in the signs or based on the

physical form of the signs (such as metal, tile, poster, wood, stone), and c). The

signs taxonomies based on the languages used and the number of languages in the

signs (such as monolingual sign, multilingual sign, and bilingual sign).

12

3.3 Direction Sign

According to Spolsky and Cooper, a directional sign is a sign

containing directions information about a public place owned or operated by the

government, state, or institution. In public place has provided direction signage

and directions for various uses. Indoor and outdoor directional signage is used for

directions or information such as parking signs, signs leading to a specific

location such as directions to ATM Gallery, prayer room, toilet, etc. Directions

can also be used to inform important safety information or identify key areas. In

other hand, direction sign is the concept of directing the readers with signage.

3.4 Advertising Sign

Advertising sign is one of the outdoor media that has the purpose of

conveying a message about a product or service even individuals who want to

boost popularity. Advertising sign as a Media (Promotion) is a variety of

communication tools used by business people or companies to convey and

disseminate messages to the intended target market. Billboard signs also have a

quite large role as do other forms of promotion such as sales promotion, direct

marketing, public relations, personal selling and publicity.

3.5 Warning Notice and Prohibition

Warning notice is one type of short functional text that contains

information in the form of warnings or directives that are shown to many people

and usually associated with something that is quite dangerous. Warning sign is

usually placed in strategic places in order to facilitate and attract the attention of

13

readers. Notice is one type of short functional text that contains a short and simple

information in the form of text / images / signs / symbols to provide information,

instructions or warnings to the public and is usually in the form of signs. A

prohibition sign is a safety sign prohibiting behaviour likely to cause a risk to

health and safety. These health & safety signs are required to be red show only

what or who is forbidden. Prohibition safety signs generally depicted a black

safety symbol in a red circle with a diagonal cross through.

3.6 Building Name Sign

Building name is a sign that has a function as the name of a place,

location, or room in a public place. Usually, this sign is found in front of the door

of a room or above the building. This sign is made to make it easier for readers to

get information that the sign is a place or room, and the name of a building. So,

the readers do not enter the wrong place in a public place.

3.7 Informative Sign

The meaning of informative sign is a sign to announce things that

need to be known by many people. Within the scope of the station building,

informative signs are usually placed where they can be seen and read well by

passengers, such as in the ticket counter, which contains train departure and

arrival schedules, information for pregnant passengers, baby passengers, and

others. An informative sign is a very legibly printed and very noticeable placard

that informs people of the purpose of an object.

14

3.8 Graffiti Sign

Graffiti is a name for a picture or letter scratched, written, painted or

marked in any way on the property. Graffiti is writing or drawing made on walls

or other surfaces, usually as a form of artistic expression. Graffiti ranges from

simple written words to complicated wall paintings such as pictures, writings, etc.

Graffiti is an art creation expressed by artists through wall or wood wall media

that can be painted in the form of letters, images that have certain meanings as an

outpouring of the heart that makes it poured in the form of writing and drawing in

such a way that usually uses paint.

3.9 Slogan Sign

According to Oxford Dictionary, slogan is (i) a short and striking

or memorable phrase used in advertising. (ii) a motto associated with a political

party or movement or other group. Slogan is a motto that is made in a series of

words that are relatively short and interesting, where the aim is to convey

information to the public.

There is also a mention that the meaning of the slogan is a series of

words or sentences that are relatively short, made interesting, striking, and

easy to remember by people who read or hear them, where the aim is to convey

information to the public. Although made with short sentences, in general a slogan

contains broad meanings. The main purpose of a slogan is to invite others to do

something in accordance with the contents of the slogan.

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4. Semiotic

4.1 Definition of Semiotic

Saussure defines "semiotics" in the Course in General Linguistics as

"the science that examines the role of signs as part of social life". Implicit in the

definition is a relation, that if the sign is part of the prevailing social life. There is

a sign system and there are social systems which are both interrelated. In this case,

Saussure talked about social conventions that regulate the use of signs socially,

namely the choice of combining and using signs in a certain way so that it has

social meaning and value (Alex Sobur, 2016).

4.2 Concept of Semiotic

According to Halliday, 1989, ―the concept of semiotic derives

initially from the concept of the sign; and the modern word harks back to the

terms semainon, semainomenon (signifier, signified‗) used in ancient Greek

linguistics by the Stoic philosophers.‖ The first to evolve a theory of the sign, in

the 3rd – 2nd century BC were the Stoics; and their conception had of the

linguistic signs was already well advanced along the lines in that was developed

two thousand years later in the work of Ferdinand de Saussure.

Linguistic is a kind of semiotics. It is an aspect of the study of

meaning. There are many other ways of meaning, other than through language. it

is hard to say exactly how the languages, in some rather vague, undefined sense,

the most comprehensive, the most all-embracing, the most important;. But there

are a lot of other modes of meaning, in any cultures, which are outside the realm

16

of languages. Visual semiotic framework, argue that visual images form their

meaning based on their position or location in the world.

4.3 Social-Semiotic

Halliday stated that social-semiotic refers to the definition of social

system, or a culture, as a system of meanings. And he also intend a more specific

interpretation of the word social‖, to indicate that he concerned particularly with

the relationships between language and social structure, considering the social

structure as one aspect of the social system. Languages displayed in signs can not

separate from the environment in around of society. The meaning of the signs

itself must be suitable with the location placed. So, it based on the context of the

situation.

4.3.1 Context and Text

Context and Text can not be separated as a reminder that these are

aspects of the same process. There is text and also there is other text that

accompanies it: text that is with‗, namely the con-text. This notion of what is

‗with the text‗ however, belong what is said and written: it included other non-

verbal goings-on—the total environment in which a text unfolds.So it functions to

create a bridge between the situation and the text where the texts actually occur.

4.3.2 Context of Situation

All use of languages has a context. The 'textual' feature allows

discourse to blend not only with itself but also with the context of the situation.

This kind of language was very much pragmatic language. According to Halliday

17

there are three components that enable him to display the redundancy between

text and situation-how each serves to predict the other. The three components are:

(a). Field of discourse: the ‗play‗-the kind of activity, as recognized in the culture,

within which the language is playing some part. The field of discourse refers to

what is happening, to the nature of the social action that is happening: what is

being done by the participants, where does language play an important

component?

(b). Tenor of discourse: the ‗players‗-the actors , or rather the interacting roles,

that are involved in the creation of the text; The tenor of discourse refers to who

takes part, to the nature of the participants, their status and roles. The whole group

of socially significant relationships in which they are involved?

c). Mode of discourse: 'Parts' - special functions assigned to language in this

situation. Discourse mode refers to what part of the language is playing. What

participants expect language to do for them in the situation: the symbolic

organization of the text, its status, and its function in context, including channels

(spoken or written or a specific combination of the two?) And rhetorical mode,

what is achieved by text in terms of categories such as persuasive, expository,

didactic, and the like.

4.3.3. Text

The text is made of the words, and sentences, it is really made of

meanings. Meaning must be expressed, or coded, in words and structure. it must

be coded in something to be communicated; but as something in itself, text is

18

basically a semantic unit.Halliday stated that ―one method of describing a text is

by exegesis, or explication de texte, a kind of running commentary on the product

that reveals something of its dynamic unfolding as a process. This problem for

this approach is that the researcher need to look beyond the words and structures

so as to interpret the text as a process in a way that relates it to the language as a

whole.

Semantic is the study of word meaning and sentence meaning. A

related meaning point is that one can know a language perfectly well without

knowing its history (Griffiths, 2006). Linguistic signs are words, similar in certain

respects with natural and conventional signs. They do not 'have meaning' but are

better able to convey meaning to those who can understand, interpret and identify.

―Words go together to form sentences which in turn are capable of conveying

meanings—the meanings of the individual words and the meaning that comes

from the relation of these words to one another‖ (Kreidler, 2002).

The analysis of Linguistic landscape must determine more than

inheritance (through the position and visibility of signs), but identify in terms of

meaning according to the context of the situation around public places. It can be

about whether there are certain reasons so that the sign was made, is there a

problem that ever existed around a public place so that the sign was finally there,

whether the sign was also made because of complaints from the surrounding

community and others. In this way the LL analysis is useful in making a deeper

understanding of this diverse environment through visual representations on

signage.

19

5. Tourism Place

5. 1. Definition of Tourism Place

Tourism destinations are defined as the geographical space where co-

producing actors, the local community and tourists interact around tourism related

activities, goods and services, and where tourists create their own perception and

holiday experience. Geographical space is understood as a city, region or country.

In the case of this dissertation the geographical space is the city of Malaga. This

definition is proposed based on the aforementioned definitions by Saraniemi and

Kylänen (2011), and Haugland et al. (2011). From the proposed definition,

tourism activities, goods and services refer to every action that directly or

indirectly affects the performance of tourism in the destination, whether these are

institutional strategies, marketing, general infrastructures, resources and image of

the destination.

Picture 2 : Maimoon Palace

20

Maimoon Palace or Maimun Palace (Indonesian: Istana Maimun) is an

istana (royal palace) of the Sultanate of Deli and a well-known landmark in

Medan, the capital city of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Today, it serves as a

museum. Built by Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah in years 1887–

1891, the palace was designed by the Dutch architect Theodoor van Erp and

covers 2,772 m² with.a.total.of.3. rooms. The Palace has become a popular tourist

destination in the city, Not solely because of its historical heritage status but also

because of its unique interior design of the palace combining elements of Malay

cultural heritage, Islamic and Indian architecture, with Spanish and Italian

furniture and fittings

Picture 3 : Great.Mosque.of.Medan

Great Mosque of Medan or Masjid Raya Al Mashun is a mosque

located in Medan, Indonesia. The mosque was built in the year 1906 and

completed in 1909. In beginning of its establishment, the mosque was a part of the

Maimun palace complex. Its architectural style combines Middle Eastern, Indian

and Spanis elements. The mosque has an octagonal shape and has wings to the

south, east, north and west. Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alam as a leader of

21

Sultanate of.Deli started the development of Masjid Al Mashun on 21 August

1906 (1 Rajab 1324 AH). The.entire development was completed on 10

September 1909 (25 Sha'ban 1329 AH) and marked by the.implementation of the

first Friday prayers at the mosque. The overall development budget was one

million. The Sultan developed the Mosque according to his principle that it should

be more important than his own grand palace, the Maimoon Palace. Construction

of the mosque was financed by the Sultanate of Deli, the Deli Maatschappij, and

Tjong A Fie, the wealthiest businessman in Medan.

At.first, the Mosque was designed by the Dutch architect Theodoor

who also designed. The Maimoon Palace, but was then handed over to JA

Tingdeman at that time was called to Java by the.Dutch government to join in the

process of restoring the Borobudur temple in Central Java. The construction

required the import of different building materials such as : marble from Italy,

Germany and China and the stained glass from the chandelier imported from

France. JA Tingdeman designed the mosque with an octagonal symmetrical

layout style, combining elements from Morocco, Europe and the Middle East. The

eight square floor plan produced a unique inner chamber, unlike most

conventional mosques. A.black, high vaulted roof porch is constructed in each of

the four corners of the mosque, and complements the main dome on the roof of

the main building of the mosque. Each is equipped with a main door and stairs

between the courts of the main floor of the mosque is elevated, except building

the porch on the side of the mihrab.

22

The mosque is divided into the main room, ablution, entry gates and

towers. The main room, a place of prayer, does not hare the same octagonal

theme. On the opposite side is smaller, there is a 'porch' small porch attached to

and protrudes out. The windows surrounding the veranda doors made of wood

with glass-precious stained glass, remnants of the art nouveau period 1890-1914,

combined with Islamic art. The entire ornamentation in the mosque either in walls

ceilings, pillars, arches and rich surfaces with decorative flowers and plants in

front of each porch stairs there. Then, earlier octagon, on the outside appear with

four aisles on all four sides, which surround the main prayer hall.

The aisles have a row of bare windows shaped arches which stand on the beam.

Both porch and arched windows of the building design reminiscent of Islamic

kingdoms in Spain in the Middle Ages. While the dome of the mosque following

the Turkish model, the shape of the octagonal broken. The main dome surrounded

by four other domes on top of each porch, with a smaller size. Dome shape is

reminiscent of the Grand Mosque of Banda Aceh. On the inside of the mosque,

there are eight main pillar diameter of 0.60 m tall to support the main dome in the

middle. The mihrab is made of marble with a pointed dome roof. This mosque

gate flat-roofed square. While the ornate minaret blend between Egyptian, Iranian

and Arabian.

23

Picture 4: Merdeka.Walk

Merdeka Walk is a culinary center in Medan, the capital of Sumatera

Utara Province Indonesia. Its location is in the center of Medan, inside Merdeka

Square. This place is known as a hangout that provides a center for food,

entertainment, and even arena shows. Merdeka Walk is open 24 hours a day.

As a food center, dozens of food outlets are available here. Starting

from Western food, Asian food to Medan special food. In addition to providing

dishes on various menus, Merdeka Walk also provides a comfortable spot with the

beauty of trees called. Center Piece. This place is usually filled with various

entertainment such as live music, events for families and youth creativity events,

such as performance bands, rapping, breakers, and other entertainment at the

Center Piece.

24

Picture 5 : Tjong A Fie Mansion

Tjong A Fie Mansion is a two-story mansion in Medan, North

Sumatra, built by Tjong A Fie (1860–1921) a Hakka merchant who came to own

much of the land in Medan through his plantations, later becoming 'Majoor der

Chineezen' (leader of the Chinese') in Medan and constructing the Medan-

Belawan railway. Tjong A Fie is said to be related to Cheong Fatt Tze, who built

the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion in Penang, Malaysia. The building is constructed in

Chinese-European.-Art Deco style, and was completed in 1900, and said to have

been modeled on the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion.

25

Picture 6 : State Museum of Sumatera Utara

State Museum of North Sumatera Province is a museum which shows the history

of Sumatera Province. It is located on Gedung Arca street, behind the Teladan

Stadium. It has the history of Sumatera Province from pre-history period until the

reformation period. This museum has many forgeries of statues, daily life stuffs of

pre-history and post history, the pictures of governors of North Sumatera, the

replica of traditional houses, traditional clothes, and many more. This museum has

shaped like Batak traditional house and it has two floors. This museum is open for

public, from Monday until Saturday, start from 8 a.m until 3 p.m. The price of the

ticket is Rp 2000,-. The museum was inaugurated on April 9th

1982 by Dr, Daoed

Joesoef, Minister of Education and Culture. However, the first collection was a

stone of Makara inducted in 1954 by the first president of Republic of Indonesia,

Ir. Soekarno. The museum is also kwon as the Gedung Arca (Stone Statue

Building). The Makara came from the site of Padang Lawas. Since it‘s early

establishment until 1999, the State Museum of North Sumatera Province was a

technical unit which was managed under the directorate general of culture,

26

Ministry of Education and Culture. Following of the implementation of legend

autonomy in 2000, the management of the Museum has fully handed to the

provincial government as the Technical Unit of Culture and Tourism of North

Sumatera Province.

B. Previous Relevant Studies

Several studies related to the researcher‗s study had been conducted

before. One of them is a study by Hurrotul Firdausiyah (2019) entitled ―A

Linguistic Landscape Study In Pondok Pesantren Putri Mambaus Sholihin Gresik,

which was found in her study that she discovered English, Arabic, and Indonesia

languages that presented in monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual signs. And

there are the functions of the signs itself. She described the signs construction in

Ponpes Putri Mambaus Sholihin are there are some steps in the signs creation;

discussion, vocabularies collection, and vocabularies & grammar correction

(tashih).

Another study was conducted by Robin Atilano (2014) entitled

Language.of.order : English.in.the.Linguistic.Landscape of Two Major Train

Station in Philippines.. And the result of his study was the signs that he found was

76 signs in two stations. English dominated as there were overwhelmingly more

signs in English only than in Filipino only. English was used to exact two forms

of ―order one that makes readers ―follow order‖ such as proper behaviors in

train stations, and another that encourages readers to make order like buying of

food in commercial establishment in the areas.

27

Another study was conducted by Said and Rohmah (2018). It

investigates Arabic language in Andalusian LL by focusing on linguistic

repression and endurance. This study uses theories of ethnolinguistic vitality,

language economy and power, and collective identity to investigate the data.

Rohmah and Said conclude that the official language in Andalusia is Spanish.

Arabic language is not encountered in the signs but it still exists in the toponyms

apparent of the road signs as the borrowing words. The apparent of Arabic

language is purposed for economic reasons and building collective identity among

the Muslim society.

Another study was conducted by Erna Andriyanti ( 2019). This paper

focuses on sign patterns in school linguistic landscape and what they represent in

term of language situation in multilingual context. The data consist of 890 signs

collected from five senior high schools in Yogyakarta. Based on the number and

kinds of languages used, the data were categorised into their lingual patterns. The

language situation was interpreted based on the main functions of language as a

means of communication and representation.

Another study was held by Jūratė Ruzaitė ( 2017). The paper title is

The linguistic landscape of tourism: Multilingual signs in Lithuanian and Polish

resorts. The present study provides a snapshot of Polish and Lithuanian linguistic

landscapes (LLs) in several resort cities situated in the border areas of the two

countries. The data consists of 515 digital pictures of multilingual signs collected

in the central and thus the most touristic parts of the cities. The main objectives in

this research are to identify the authorship of multilingual signs, determine the

28

types of establishments that employ multilingual signage, and analyse which

languages coexist in popular tourist destinations. The interpretation of the results

is grounded on the interrelation between multilingual signage, tourism as an

important economic factor, and official language policies

C. Conceptual Framework

Linguistic Landscape is studying the visibility of the written languages

form in the signs at the public space. These places include public areas such as

tourism places, hospital, police station, government office, campus, school, and

so on. And the focus in this study is Linguistic Landscape at Tourism Places in

Medan that take whole the signs that realized there. In those signs there are two

languages there, Bahasa Indonesia and English. Multilingualism and bilingualism

influence the language diversity. It is a common things nowadays. Different of

languages vitality land Languages diversity have the important involvement to the

individuals and the societies. Signs are generally divided into two types, there is

Top Down and Bottom Up. LL 'Top-down' items include those issued by national

public bureaucracies, public signs, public announcements and street names.

'Bottom-up' items, on the other hand, include those issued by owners of social

actors and companies such as names and signs and business announcements. The

following diagram explains the conceptual framework of this study.

29

Picture 7 : Conseptual Framework

30

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

The research was employed descriptive qualitative methods. It mainly

aimed to understand the phenomena of what is happening to the research subject.

For instance perception, behavior, act and etc. Holistically, in a descriptive form

of words and languages, in nature and specific contexts using various natural

methods. This research design was intended to investigate the type of language

and the types of sign in the linguistic landscape at tourism places in Medan.

B. Source of Data

The data of this research is the text displayed on the linguistic

landscape such as on pamphlet, building names, shop name, billboard and etc. The

whole data were gotten from Tourism places in Medan such as : State Museum of

Sumatera Utara, Tjong A Fie Mansion, Merdeka Walk, Great Mosque of Medan

or Masjid Raya Al Mashun, Maimoon Palace.

C. Technique of Data Collection

The data of this research was collected through several steps. They

were observation, documentation, and interview.

31

1. Observation

The first step in collecting data in this study was observation.

Observation conducted to look around at the tourism places of Medan and to find

out its linguistics landscape such as direction signs, advertising signs, building

names, warning notices and prohibitions, informative signs, slogans, and graffiti.

2. Documentation

The researcher collected the data through taking a photograph of all

linguistic landscape around the tourism places of Medan by using camera.

3. Interview

Interviews conducted with two informants from the station authority

for having deep information as commonly called as triangulation. Triangulation

was interpreted as a data collection technique that is combining the various

techniques of collecting data and data sources that already exist. The researcher

used observation, in-depth interviews and documentation for the same data

source.

D. Technique of Analysis Data

According to Miles and Huberman (1994:10), analysis can be define as consisting

as three current flows of activity that is data reduction, data display, and

conclusion drawing/verification. The researcher did the data analysis in some

steps to answer of each formulation of problems. For the first one was about the

type of languages realized in Tourism places in Medan. The researcher counted

32

the signs based on monolingual, bilingual into table. Below is the table of

languages displayed.

Total Groups Languages Number Percentage

… Monolingual Indonesian … …%

English … …%

Bilingual Indonesian- … …%

English

Table 1. Languages displayed at tourism places of Medan

To analyze the second of formulation problems, the researcher categorized

the signs based on categories of the sign (direction signs, advertising signs,

warning notices and prohibitions, building names, informative signs, slogan, and

graffiti).

And the last it was transcribed the interview recording. After that, it was

formulated the results into narrative paragraphs to be presented in the conclusion

to answer the third research question about the reason linguistic items realized in

Tourism places in Medan

33

CHAPTER IV

DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS

A. Data

This research focused on the form of languages which were used in

signs at tourism places. The form of language were taken from the signs which

photographed by the researcher. There were 82 signs which was classified in

monolingual and bilingual sign. And there were 6 categories of signs discovered

in this study, they were direction sign, advertising sign, building name,

informative sign, and slogan sign. And the result interview conducted with

informant.

B. Data Analysis

After collected the data, the researcher classified the data based on the

type of languages at tourism places in Medan. It deals with the first research

question, the types of language were used in signs in monolingual, and bilingual.

Monolingual refers to the signs that contain only one language realized, bilingual

refers to the signs that contain two languages realized. In this study, researchers

counted the number of signs that use monolingual and bilingual and calculated

with percent numbers.

The research question answer by the researcher with classified the data

based on types of signs itself based on the function and the use of the signs. There

were 7 categories of signs: direction signs, advertising signs, warning notices and

34

prohibitions, building names, informative signs, graffiti, and slogan. And each of

these types counted with percent number.

The researcher analyzed the language policy in tourism place in

Medan. It deals with interview that the researcher have done by giving some

questions to the city authority to answer the question about the reason linguistic

items realized includes the purposes and regulations of signs construction. There

are three main questions that researcher interviewed, a) purposes of the signs

itself. b) the regulation of sign.

1. Types of Language on Signs

This study conducted observation to find out the language used on the

signs at tourism places which are Grand Mosque Al-Mashun ( Mesjid Raya Al-

Mashun), Istana Maimoon,Merdeka Walk, State Museum of Sumatera Utara and

Tjong A Fie Mansion. There were 82 signs that have been photographed that were

used as data from this study.

In this study there were two languages displayed, they were Indonesian

language and English. The researcher used quantitative method of the study, it

contained the number of types of languages realized at tourism places in Medan

were examined.

Total Groups Languages Number Percentage

63 (76,83%) Monolingual Indonesian 48 76,19%

English 13 20,63%

Others 2 3,17%

19 (23,17%) Bilingual Indonesian- 18 94,73%

English

English- 1 5,26%

Indonesian

35

Others - -

- Multilingual - - -

Table 2: Percentage of types language at tourism places in Medan

The table above indicated that Indonesia language as the national

language has percentage of 76,19% as the dominant language at tourism places in

Medan. English used in the sign was 20,63%. Moreover, the table above shows

that the number of monolingual signs was much larger than bilingual. All of

monolingual signs had amount 82 signs include Indonesian and English.

1.1. Monolingual Signs

There were 63 signs in monolingual from total 82 signs. It shows that

monolingual signs was the largest number of the signs realized in tourism places

in Medan. Based on the table above, Indonesian language found 45 signs

(77,59%) as the dominant language used in monolingual sign. Most Indonesian

monolingual signs were used for providing particular information.

Picture 8 : Monolingual Signs in maimoon

The sign in picture 8 above is monolingual because it contained one

language, it was Indonesian language. The meaning of sign to inform the people

36

not to sell anything there. This sign was taken at Istana Maimoon. And this sign

served to avoid cleanless or unwanted things. The prevalent use of Bahasa

Indonesia in tourism environment is understandable since it is the official

language in education, for example used as language of instruction and in giving

orders. In Bahasa Indonesia, communications through signs in LL can be

relatively effective because everyone understands the language.

This sign in picture 9 contained only one language, Indonesian. The

proverb of the city was "Bangun bersatu Medan terpadu". The sentence is for

society . This sign made because government want to society to work together,

keep the unity and make Medan become peaceful. This language is like being

adopted from the Malay language rules because it has the same suitability at the

end. This sign was found at main gate of Merdeka walk. This sign placement was

very appropriate.

Picture 9: Merdeka Walk

This sign in picture 10 contained one language which is Indonesian only.

The meaning of sign was prohibiting the visiters not to meal and drink inside the

mosque. This was located in Grand Mosque of Al-Mashun and it was made

37

because it was hoped that there are no more action affecting cleanless the mosque.

This was related to effective situation inside.

Picture 10: Signs in Grand Mosque

The red colour on the sign in picture 11 indicates that there was a

strict prohibition for visiters to see this warning. The writing of a very large sign

fills all of these signs. The sign indicates that the administrators really did not

want action happend. Below are the examples of monolingual in English

Picture 11: Signs in Maimoon Palace

The sign above was monolingual because it just contained one

language which is English. The meaning of sign to give directions to passengers

38

that the way in and out. This sign was used at the Istana Maimoon because the

direction was very important. It was made by administrators so that if at any time

there is visiters, this sign served as a notification and direction to the visiters to

pass in the direction in order to go in and out of the building.

Based on the regulation of Law No. 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings

and also Government Regulation No. 36 of 2005 concerning Buildings states that

"Every building, except a single dwelling house and a simple row house, must

provide an evacuation facility which includes a hazard warning system for users,

emergency exits and evacuation routes that can guarantee the ease of building

users. to evacuate from inside buildings safely in the event of a disaster or

emergency‖. The article states that emergency exits and evacuation routes must be

equipped with directions that are easy to read and clear.

1.2 Bilingual Signs

There were 3 signs in bilingual from total 19 signs. The languages

displayed in this study was Indonesian – English. The percentage is 100%.

Bilingual signs found at the tourism places in Medan used translation, it means

that the first language was translated into the second language, the text on sign

had the same meaning. For more specific, see the picture below.

39

Picture 12: Bilingual in Maimoon Palace

The sign above is bilingual because it contained two languages which

is Indonesian language as the first language and English as the second language.

The meaning of sign to introduce the name of the building. This sign was found

after entering the main gate of Istana Maimoon.

Picture 13 : Bilingual in Grand Mosque

This sign was bilingual information that used Indonesia as the first

language and English as the second language. This sign found in side of the Grand

Mosque, more precisely at the pole close to the visiters. The meaning of this sign

to give information to the visiters about the short history of the Grand Mosque. It

40

was made by the administrators because they provided few information. The sign

was found on each pole. With a fairly large font size, it aims to promote the Grand

Mosque that want to known.

2. Categories of Signs

In this study, researcher categorized the signs based on the function of

each of these signs. Based on that, there were 7 categories of signs analyzed in

this study. They were direction signs, advertisement signs, warning notices and

prohibitions, building names, informative sign, graffiti and slogans. To find out

more clear information, look at the table below. For more info, see the table below

:

Tourism Places in Medan

Categories Number Percentage

Direction signs 5 6,09 %

Advertising signs 7 8,53%

Warning notice or prohibition 35 42,68%

Building names 12 14,63%

Informative signs 32 39,02%

Graffiti 0 0

Slogan 1 1,21%

Total 82 100%

Table 3: The Number Categories Of Sign

The table above was summed based on overall monolingual and

bilingual signs, most of the signs used at tourism places in Medan warning notices

and prohibitions as much 35 signs (42,68%), informative signs were 32 signs

41

(39,02%), building names were 12 signs (14,63%), direction signs were 5 signs

(6,09%), advertising sign were 7 signs (8,53%), slogan sign was 1 sign (1,21%),

and the last was graffiti sign was 0 sign (0%).

2.1 Informative Sign

There were 32 signs (39,02%) informative signs was discovered of this

study. It showed that these signs were used at tourism places in Medan.

Informative signs included history of the building, schedule of the event, etc. The

target of these signs were the visiters to read about information at tourism places.

Below is the example of informative sign

Picture 14 (a): Informative Signs in Maimoon Palace

This sign was monolingual, because it consisted one language which

is in Indonesian. The sign was intended for know about the founder of Istana

Maimoon. This sign was found in the entry gate. It could be that it attracts

attention to visiters to spend time in this place.

The relations of the sign to the location where this sign was found, (in

this case Istana Maimoon) was the visiters who spend the time has a sense of

awareness to know who has responsibility in the past.

42

Picture 14 (b): Informative Signs in Grand Mosque of Medan

This sign was monolingual because there was a language appeared. It

informed the visiters about whoever breaks the rules will get the administrative

sanctions based on the laws. It was made because in the place has cultural heritage

especially in the field side.

2.2 Direction Sign

Next is direction signs, totaling 5 signs (6,09%). These signs have the

function in giving directions to certain places. See the figure below.

Picture 15: Direction Signs in Great Mosque of Medan

43

The sign above was monolinguall because it clearly seen that there was a

language there. It included the direction sign because it direct the visiters to the

certain places. This sign placed in front of main gate because in order to give

directions to visiters who have just arrived at the Grand Mosque that the way to

put shoes/slipper turns the righ. It was made because there were many places

realized at Grand Mosque which is if there were no direction signs appeared, it

confused visiters to the location they were looking for. With this sign visiters can

easily get the location or place they want to find. Below is the other example,

Picture 16: Direction Signs in Maimoon Palace

This sign contained one language which is Indonesian. This sign

located beside the main building. In that written, it uses symbols (+ and -) to

indicate distance a specific place which means more or less. Besides that, it also

uses abbreviations such as ―Telp‖ which should be a telephone. However,

because it was common then people easily understood.

2.3 Building Names

44

Building names discovered as much 12 signs (14,63%), included the

names of certain buildings and places. For example the name of a room at tourism

places in Medan below:

Picture 17: Buildings names in Great Mosque of Medan

This sign realized in a language which is Indonesia. This sign served

as the name of a place or room at the Grand Mosque. It was made because the

object of this study which a Grand Mosque, so it is needed to make visiters know

that it was the place to take ablution.

2.4 Warning Notices and Prohibition

Warning notices and prohibition signs as the most used with a total of

35 signs (42,68%). This sign serves as a warning sign and prohibition for visiters

to be known. Figure below as the example:

45

Picture 18 : Warning notices and prohibition in Merdeka Walk

This selling ban was applied at Lapangan Merdeka. Prohibition of

selling at the Lapangan Merdeka did not only apply in the field, main gate, even

in the back gate passengers were prohibited from selling. The written stated the

basis for instructions on selling and following sanctions derived from the field for

violators. It was made because Lapangan Merdeka is a public area where many

people were there. This sign prohibited selling because it can disturb other visiters

and avoid cleanless of this fiel. Cleanless related to the trash and trash affected to

people‘s health. Because not all visiters were in good health, this was evidenced

by the existence of a sign for people with special needs. Prohibitions were

imposed for the convenience of train visiters.

2.5 Advertising Sign

Next, advertising signs encountered 7 signs (8,53%). It included

products sold around, events, sponsors that were promoted around the place. What

dominates in this sign were advertising promoted.

46

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

47

(e)

Picture 19 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) : Advertising Signs in Merdeka Walk

At the tourism places in Medan especially Lapangan Merdeka there were

food shops available.

Because Lapangan Merdeka is a large place in Medan which have

large enough area to open shops around, there were several restaurants and food

stores available there. Starting from local products such as Srikandi , Nelayan etc.

And from abroad, such as Mc Donald, Starbucks etc.. Food stores were also in

great demand by visiters at the place.

2.6 Slogan Sign

The last sign was the slogan sign which amounts to 1 sign (1,21%).

The slogan means the motto that contains a series of words or sentences that

appeared in around the place. See the example below.

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Picture 20 : Slogan Sign in Merdeka Walk

This sign contained only one language, Indonesian. The proverb of the

city was "Bangun bersatu Medan terpadu". The sentence is for society . This sign

made because government want to society to work together, keep the unity and

make Medan become peaceful. When I asked a short question to the worker at

Medan gardening service about the reason why this quote dispayed above. They

told about the history since the Mayor is held by Mr Zulmi Eldin. His utterance

―Medan is our home, our future and a place to live that will be given to our

children and grandchildren. So, we must build together by continuing to hold

hands, united as one family. This sign was found at main gate of Merdeka walk.

This sign placement was very appropriate.

3. Signs Construction

To answer the last research question regarding linguistic landscape

construction in some tourism places, researcher came to there and interviewed

with place authority about reason for realization of linguistic items at that place.

3.1 The Reason Linguistic Items Realized in Tourism Places in Medan

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The linguistic landscape that found at tourism area in medan has

significantly provided two kinds of information, there are: informative function

and symbolic function. It can be clearly seen from the following data:

1. The Informational Function

Informative function indicates the borders of the territory of linguistic

group. It shows that a specific language or languages for communication or to sell

products. Below is the examples of informational function:

(a)

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(b)

Picture 21 (a) (b) : Informational Function in Chong A Fie

Both of figures introduce product of Peranakan Works. It offers

jewelry with a good quality. It is known from Living Passion and Endless

Perfection. The characteristic is include of Informational function of linguistic

landscape.

2. The Symbolic Function

On the other hand, the symbolic function refers to the value and status

of the languages as perceived by the members of a language group in comparison

to other languages. Below is the examples of Symbolic function.

51

(a)

(b)

Picture 22 (a) (b) : Symbolic Function in Chong A Fie

Both of figures indicates to symbolic function of linguistic landscape.

These are showed by using another language.

According to interview with informant of place authority, linguistic

items realized in Tourism Places of Medan because it was made for visiters to get

information by reading the written language in the signs. It based on interview

result with Mr. Parada as organizer‗s explanation:

“…in There were several purposes for establishing a linguistic landscape there:

Based our country we have national language, that is Indonesian. If there are

foreigners from abroad or stayed in Indonesia and they are more understand

English, so we used English”.Those visiters are our main priority. Both local and

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international visiters who do not use Indonesian, but also use English as an

international language. Actually the function of the writing is to provide

information to visitors about matters relating to Tjong A Fie, products which are

historical objects here. As for why there are other foreign languages besides

English, the reason is because this place has existed since the Dutch era and is a

role model of the Chinese tribe.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

After having analyzed on the previous chapter. The complete

conclusion could be portrayed as the following:

1. It can be seen clearly there were five types of language realized at linguistic

landscape at tourism places in Medan, they were Indonesian, English, Arabic,

Dutch and Mandarin that were realized by monolingual and bilingual signs.

2. The total number of signs were 82 signs. Direction signs consisted 5 signs

(6,09%), Advertising signs consisted 7 signs (8,53%), Warning notices and

prohibitions consisted 35 signs (42,68%), Building names consisted 12 signs

(14,63%), Informative signs consisted 32 signs (39,02%), Graffiti and Slogan

consisted 1 signs (1,21%).

3. The realization of linguistic landscape at tourism places in Medan is

functionally as informative function and symbolic function which were mainly

aimed to easier the visitors to get the core information of the place or the things.

B. Suggestion

The researcher fully hoped this study would give a positive linguistic reference to

the reader who attracted in language policy and linguistic landscape analysis. And

the researcher wished this study could give the high appreciation to the linguistic

54

itself. In relation to the study, the researcher suggested some of expectations that

staged as the following :

1. The researcher suggested to students who interested landscape linguistics

research, it must have a really good understanding of the theories that have

been suggested previously

2. If interest to analyze in certain company, it must get permission first from the

location that will be analyzed. For example research in government-owned

buildings must prepare a considerable amount of time. So, researcher must

accept some consequences.

3. Landscape linguistics has a very broad scope to be investigated again. For

further research, the researchers suggest examining the language attitudes of

the language policy, for example color, size, type of writing, placement of

writing, and others.

55

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