A Study of Adolescent Anger According to Different …...Adolescent’s anger is one of the main...
Transcript of A Study of Adolescent Anger According to Different …...Adolescent’s anger is one of the main...
A Study of Adolescent Anger
According to Different Socio-
economic Status, Age, and Sex.
Presented By:
Shamima Sultana
Trainee Counselling Psychologist(Batch II),
Dept. of Psychology, University of Dhaka.
Mahjabeen Haque
Associate Professor, Dept. of Psychology,
University of Dhaka.
Introduction
Anger is a human emotion that
frequently results in aggression and
violence (Burney, 2001). McKellar (1949)
defined anger as a negative reaction to a
stimulus event and described three
forms of anger: overt, non-overt, and
delayed.
Introduction (Cont…)
Different styles and patterns of anger:
1. Instrumental anger,
2. Reactive anger and
3. Anger control.
(Burney,2000)
Introduction (Cont…)
Instrumental anger (IA) is defined as a
negative emotion that triggers a delayed
response resulting in a desired and
planned goal of revenge and retaliation.
Adolescents who exhibit elevated
instrumental-type anger style tend to
have histories of delinquencies and
antisocial behaviors.
Introduction (Cont…)
Reactive anger (RA) is defined as an
immediate angry response to a
perceived negative, threatening, or
fearful event. Adolescents with
excessive reactive type anger display
negative attributions. Such adolescents
often resemble those with a DSM-IV
diagnosis of ADHD.
Introduction (Cont…)
Anger control (AC) is a proactive
cognitive-behavioral method used to
resolved instrumental and reactive
responses to anger.
Difference between anger and
aggression
The difference between a healthy
declaration of anger and an act of
aggression is the action that is harmful to
another person, animal or thing. In other
words you can express anger in words,
but when you harm others, anything at
all then it becomes aggression.
Rationale Daily newspapers report high rate of violence,
terrorism and rape committed by the adolescents.
Adolescent’s anger is one of the main factors
behind these events.
Students with high level of anger need special
support in management of their anger.
To develop specific treatment plans to decrease
the frequency of violence caused by expressed
anger in adolescents.
Objectives
To identify and measure the total anger
expression in school going adolescents
To investigate the total anger of
adolescents in different socio-economic
classes.
To investigate whether adolescent
anger varies with their age groups.
To investigate whether there is a
difference between male and female
adolescents in expression of anger.
Method
Sample:
Sex Number Percentage
Male 66 50.40%
Female 65 49.62%
Table 1: Sample size
11 to 13.5
Years36%13.6 to
17 Years64%
Low SES
Middle SES
High SES
Method (Cont…) Sampling technique: Convenience sampling
technique
Measuring instruments:
Adolescents Anger Rating Scale:
(Burney, 2000)
Personal information recording sheet
Design: Cross-sectional survey design
Procedure: Questionnaires administered in
direct interaction
Result
SES SEX Age group Mean anger SD
Low Female 11to13.5 99.29 12.09
Male 13.6to17 105.29 17.07
Middle Female 13.6to17 76.00 11.07
Male 13.6to17 72.88 15.21
High Female 11to13.5 80.00 1.41
Male 11to13.5 97.50 17.68
Table 2: Mean scores of anger regarding SES
Table shows that, the highest mean score of anger (105.29) is
found in boys of 13.6 to 17 years age group of low socio-
economic status.
Results (Cont…)
Table 3: Interpretation of anger scores of older male adolescents
of low SES:
Scale Raw score T-score Percentile Interpretation.
Total anger 105.29 62 89 Moderately high
IA 47.00 65 91 Moderately high
RA 23.64 65 90 Moderately high
AC 30.36 49 48 Average
Table shows that older (13.6 to 17 yrs) male adolescents of low
socio-economic status have moderately high total anger. Their
instrumental anger and reactive anger are also moderately high
while their anger control is average.
Result (Cont…)
Table 4: Mean Differences in Anger according to Sex (N=131):
No significant difference was found in anger of adolescents regarding sex.
Further analysis was done to find out whether there is any difference in anger regarding sex of different age groups.
Measures Groups Mean SD t-value
Anger
Male 82.58 20.79
-1.55Female 77.80 13.63
Result (Cont…)
Table5: Mean differences in anger according to sex of different
age group (N=131):
Significant difference was found in anger of male adolescents of
different age groups. Older male adolescents (13.6 to 17 yrs)
showed more anger than the young group (11 to 13.5 yrs).
SEX Age group Mean SD t-value
Male 11to13.5 74.74 14.85 -1.99
13.6to17 85.21 22.27
Female 11to13.5 78.14 16.66 0.18
13.6to17 77.47 11.19
o 05
Result (Cont…)
Table 6: Mean Differences in Anger according to Different
Age group (N=131):
Table shows significant difference in anger of adolescents
regarding different age groups.
Further analysis was done to find out whether there is any
difference in anger regarding age groups of male and female
adolescents.
Measures Age groups Mean SD t-value
Anger 11to13.5 76.77 15.88
-1.6813.6to17 82.13 18.48
o 05
Result (Cont…)
Table7: Mean differences in anger according to different
age group of male and female adolescents (N=131):
Table shows that significant difference in anger exists between male
and female adolescents of older age group (13.6 to 17 yrs). Older
male adolescents have more anger (83.21) than the older female
adolescents.
Age group SEX Mean SD t-value
11to13.5 Male 74.74 14.85
0.72Female 78.14 16.66
13.6to17 Male 85.21 22.27
-1.91Female 77.47 11.19
o 05
Result (Cont…)
Table8: Interpretation of anger scores of older male
adolescents:
Table shows that older male adolescents have moderately
high instrumental anger (IA) while their total anger, reactive
anger (RA), and anger control (AC) are average.
Scale Raw score T-score Percentile Interpretation
Total anger 85.21 58 87 Average
IA 35.31 64 92 Moderately high
RA 18.35 49 72 Average
AC 33.44 51 62 Average
Result (Cont…)
40
50
60
70
Total anger IA RA AC
Oldermale Olderfemale
Youngmale Youngfemale
Fig: Different types of anger scores (T-scores) of older and
younger male female adolescents.
Findings
Therefore it can be concluded that the study found:
Moderately high rate of total anger among older
(13.6to17 yrs) adolescents of low socioeconomic
status.
They also showed moderately high level of anger
regarding IA and RA.
Older male adolescents expressed more anger than
older female adolescents.
They displayed average level of total anger but have
moderately high level of IA.
Discussion
Moderately high IA →have a planned
goal of revenge and/or retaliation.
Example: murder of NDC college
student.
Moderately high RA →more impulsive,
hyperactive and aggressive.
Lack of proper
education
Poor learning
environment
lack of opportunity to learn
moral values
At Low SES
DeprivationCrime
Unhealthy
parenting
Expression of
moderately high
anger
All these factors might have contributed in expression of
high level of anger in the adolescents of low SES.
Recommendations
Each school need to appoint educational or school
counselor
Need to develop a norm of our own country
Develop specific treatment plans and proactive
training programs: such as-
Anger management
Social skills training
Training on Assertiveness
Friendly school environment
Educational psychologist are able to help the
adolescents, teachers and school authorities as well
as parents in this issues
Limitations
Instrument used has no norm for
Bangladeshi context.