A St!JDY OP Tlm SCROW'l'!C ACf5.I~ OF

AfHU!tf.Ea .uiD Of 101 ATHLi'TES

A !DSIS

S1'1Btlmi!D TO TO DIP~ OF

BDUCA!IOI J..lU) nil OlUDUA.fB OOUICIL OF THE WIAS STA'ril

HAOBlil'RI CIOL:L:IGI Of lllPOUA :rn PARtiAL FULFI~ OF

M IJQU~S FOR M DEGUI. OF

MASTm OF SCIENQJ

. '• ' '' : ,, ' "~

, .. ,·, ".Bl':'· • 1,\ flff 0 .....

~. 0 ' ., ..

WIU,JRll ~· ~~:· •• ::~ ~·:.~·~·1 ::·. :.:: ,•' ~ ~~i~. ' '

A~'fed .for' tl:w J•jcr D$p~

/~

the wr1 wr wishes to tUpreee hit aino•n a.ppreoia.titl)n to

Dr· fi,. I• S~l~ co auggett&d the study. tor hi$ kind .eonsidera:bicm

and helpfW. e:rttioism. and direction in the prepare.tion ot thb thsd.a•

Pi I

;(1:,!11·. l!lll/ill-------

l• ~!IOI • .. • • ill • • " • • • • • .. • • • • " • • • .. • •

~· ot ~ •'budJ' •· • • • • • • • • • .. • • • .. . . • • • • l

S~l of dAk .. .. • • • • • • • • • • " .. • • • • .. .. • •

varia.bili'tf • • .. • • • • • • " • .. • " * • • • • • • • it

8

of thoee graduating .. • • • • " • • • 11 • • • " • • • • • e

A.thletet and non athletes not gradua.tilag ~ • • • • " • " • • 9

Age b7 decile rank ..... 110 • 110 • • • •• • • • " • • • • • 10

III"' OOIOLUBIOI • • • • • • • • • • • • • " • • • ~ • • • • • • • • 12

BI:BLIOORAl'Bt • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " • • • • • 14

fABLi PAGI

I· Compariaon Gf 'the Aohie~ ot Athleiles and Non Athletes

tor FOilllr Years ot ~· e tM Bf.YSia ot Jlemeut&ey

»eaaurea ot a-~ ~y and Variability • • '* • • • " 4a

Jat.ch :l)eoile • • • • .. • ... • • • "' ., • ., • • , • .- • • " • lOa.

l• Pe~· et Atblet.s ~nd len Athletes R--.m1ng in Oo-llegt

2.. Ocmpariaon et ~~ Gt AthleirPes and Non Athletes

a. Decile lank et J:thlnea and wcm. Athletes faking lntrmee

!eate c~ with t.he Decile Rank ot fho&& Gra4uating. •

4. flle Per O.cmt et !thl&t&s and Non .lthletea frQm koh Deoile

7b

What put doos a.thl.etios plq in holding students in sehool? What

b1eenti w tor schol.anhip llHa the a.thlet. bM owr tlut non a.thl•te or

~o• versa? Is the scholastic achievement of college ~thletes greater or

le111UJ than o1: the :non athlete? these are sO!il.e oi' tho •Gf questions asked

tod.iw• U~ dit'i'illl:"etlt att.&pts UW be$1:\. l!Ul.d$ in $tudy t.long thai$ lineiS

and many oooolusiona reached. W1th the inoreas~a d$mAnds made today by

sohools and colleges for extra-.ourricmlar aotivitielll an.d the e:neou.ra.gement

of outstandi111 e.thlcrtes to attend JJont$ school 1 this relationship between

"brain and brAllllw is quite important and hu le:f:\d t• 1'111mf :tnt&restina;

dieotaUJiOII.'l.l•l In this art'lud1 an athlete is interpreted to mean. uy- ,etul!l.«nt

who hQ hMn ; • ~ ptt.rseholutio a.thletio team and h&.& qual:t.tied for an \ .. ".~.-•, 'km ~

&ward• 2.,. . ~1 people eonsider athlet1,ea u an activity in 'Whi.oh only

physieal at~ is requirod while others oon,t.end that intelligenee is

also a neoeaaity.z

Pw:"£l!a~ .!! the stud]'• !he purpose ot thia st:ud;r ie to eonsider

the eoholutio uhie~t ot the athlete• Qlld the non athletes of' the

Kllli!U!UJ St&te f41ti.Ohera College, .&aporia., Ktw.SU• The three types ot

athletes oo,nsidered are the football, ~sketball and truk letter m~XJ.•

l Jones, Jlowled :a: .. , 11 A Oomplll"i.son o£ the In:belligenQe ot~ High School Athletes with Non Athletes .. " School ..!:E2:. ~.ooie~l:~ 42t4li. September, lG56.

2 Ibid •• P• 415• -

i ' ,,

fh8 ~ ~lui1"WJ UH4 in th1t ~~ are rr. ni~e-. bWldl"fM\ •d

~1 t1"1e ~ ~ btll ~l~t ot :td.B~eea h\\lldw.d o<t thil"'t7

eilrftm• !he cftdea o~ u. tor ~ ,_.,to~ ot ·~n attli»e'

~ the n~ tftr ~· ot e(dteg• 011' u aey ,_.,i::fltt -.. the~t

-~-~ !be tl&ta u.. ·~ tr-. th• ••••t.tr• AVGA§;e of

~lt

~~ !! ~. !1\e dau •• bl 'bhia .~ w~t• tUtm tra im.•

tilu of t.h4l ~au ot ~tdli~ ~\W-hts, tteet.a lt•t• t·•t.~Mrt

Oolle~., •~jDf'iA, XMilAlh fhl11 b~l"'4Q;u keept a rilcord ot tat'lh frtudet wlu;,

a.wn oollete on a. card k»ewn M the •1• I• T..-. 0• S\'tl4.elltte .itf.\C.Ot"'d Cvt.t•

Pan Of the ~·rd CfA:rd 18 lil1$d t~\lt bt th«J t4'tUc\\ent wh• M take; tli•

-~- teats at the be;~irm~ of M.a fntt._ fRJ! 1 ~" "-'.t of th•

~ .. ~ thll ~ .of Mwm.tlmal Jeuu~~tl· &ftel" th• tmtran\let t~uJ,tt

~- ..,... ~· ma &Gmtnrtcera .......... ~ tQU. t:rOta t" ret;!ttn.r-t•

~m" •d. ree~ z the but ot ~-~ ...

~~~ The MlwJ.q 41\t& Wft ~4 !bUt f'f:1t' thit atudy Md

the itlto~t1s ~ t~ tM I'WdMte l'flotd eard with rtd'eren<!• to

tho.e who bad tuen t~nt~e 'kt&ts cd 'MtH gi~ d.l~ile :r•t~<h A tw

llttte~ fM!ID wre ~lud.M h'<'a th11 atu4t b&~u•• «MoilfJ tat:~~;t """' n®

-.v..U.Abl• tor t.ba. A l.ut of all -.w.-a who ha.d <ittt~irled l!':)lttar• 1n ·

football, 'ONiketball and traok wtil.l obtd~ from th~ ~Pll~t ot Jih,ytiof.\l \,

tlduo&titnh tbutJ ~um '!MWtJ listed alpM.betioally ~\l dt~tot&\ ;hesrta: wttlt '\llll.&i~

age,. ~1lo rt.nk,. &•d ;~1/1;.'1! ot• •nt~oe to oollflgil'h fl:Mt iro.tlivie'I.'!.UI;l

aoholutla reuord ot lla.oh ~rtua~t. -.. ncol"dtd on a p-oint bu1• i:t\ &t""

oord.an" wit!~ tho ru.aber ot lett•r t,M.4es m.ne in each hour ot wotft• ~'•

r·

lli' ,. '

~~ : I. II 1:

i t:~: II

. tlt' II

1: '~ I .'

~1ou ~UO&ti~M1 Oftdit n,a reoe~. !h• pointt wert rt.gUNd a;

tollORt fer ..a h ... ~ A -. peitlt •• gtvtm.J eAch hour CJt :~. t11m

point:&" eMh ~ of o. ~ pe>itl'Ht ..n hour of n, f'IU" pointa1 u4

euh ~ fJl r, ti'Ve 10'*• Jroa h 11i~~ n.me.f' ot pid~nta hr el\8

a~ a a~~._.~ t• •db ·~•· n..• .. .,. aw.ilabl.e r.. 1M ~ atl4 thit: .-. 11 UK f()f' ~r.tive

til~ 113. detU• ~ .. - • ...., ., -~-

X. .,._. 'k ~ .. ·~ ..,., •t -.'bta:let.et wi.tb ~ re'"~

••tataw ~ .t ·am atM..W., a. omtr.:L fNUJ ftl aelt~lttd. ~h1•

cor:tSi•tM •t • ~ ·~be· •t 101 nu•'-• th"• ettl4~t.t ""

~~~ U D.4NU" tbAt i\141• ... U.e taak; ~ ~fr.l' at eCU$ll;e tm1u:'UH U

tme athlnoa.. fh•u ~ ~· n,~ ._.t11 tiw aae aa \h••• ot

thfl· 1Mittll"' ~. ·fbe ~r ot at~ta ia •uh 3GIIH'tftf 'f~~Ari•• t~

tittera• o~iiCIW!l 4u • ... -~~ of ·~~- ball le7Hol \)\ott.

11o,l)l.M ~ t1~ law b.- o•S't~tfd trw euk. .ue te ~~ nu•l.on•

lbipt cw .U.tt~. ~ rolati&@if 'W&t .. ~ U·cci"~.U.nclJ•

( :

l:

j~.&------------------------------------~· I . .

In this chapter .are pnunW the data. tot the ate.tistioal study of

athletes lll:id U<m nhleises• !he follwing Uta ar. Ocmlllidttl"edt QOlYrpara.ti V$­

uhi~t br :raeuuns of e&ntral tend~oy ant ft!'it.biUtyJ e~~Gparative

achi~t by varlolla ether- ata:td.s'bio&l mea.a\U"ee; t(lll.parhotl of deoile

n.nk ·<m tntrano't test. ct thole 'Who gradu.ates deel'ile rank: cf nea s:radu.a.teuu

age ra:o.1t by dMilea.

Oom~:nl;ti 11e a.ohitrrvemt~nt !!l, uuurea 2£ oe:ntra.l !~d~oz S::.~ •

. ~abilitz. table I shows a comparison ~t the a.ohhvlillilent of e.thletea

amd non athletes for tour y•ars of college o.n the buia of elomentarr

measures of emru tendency and "V6U"'iabi11ty. :tt will be obeernd that

there 'Wer& 156 athletes and 101 non athletes at the end of the first

&8lll.8ater in the f'retbu.n year. For the first semester of the tre1h:ma.n

year the a.thletea made m average gn.d.e of s.oe and th$ noll athlete&

made an &verage of 1.11.. fhia ie a alight ad:ve.ntage for the athletes,

but it will be obaened that ·tho non e.thletes aurpatn1ed the athlttea

during the fellO'Vf'ing s-.esten, tho cm.ly excepbi01!1, bebl' "bhe fi:rst sen:u.,ster

of the senior ")flfJ.U' 1lllhAm. the two groupe tielil. .fer honors. It will b&

:i:"urther nat1eed that the average fox- bQth croups in~reased atte:r the first

year indioa.ting higher scholastic e.ohieVIlll!Umt u the ••esters ~os;;r(u!lsod.

It will be noted that the sigma of the athletes for the ti:r-st

~Jem.eater of the t'reshman year wu .686 While for the non a.thletee du.r.1ng

the same period it wu .aoo.. This would indioate that the athletes,.

jl,

' .

!ABLt X

0(J(pARISOH OF 'l'lm A<mllmli,iltf OF A.!RLETl!lB AJJD NON ATHLETES

FOR J'OOR YEAit8 OF OOLLIGE ON ntE BASIS OF EI~h1MP:N!l.'ARY

~ OP Clll'l'UL Till'DJmOY AID V.UI.Ultl:ft

4a.

== . ; : . ;: : ::::·::=a 1::: :: n w ~· z:::::

Junior : ::;a::l:::::::::::::::::::

.senioJ'

lat stiluutter I* p '~· u t ~I I tx - ·- • N ' Awrage ~S.09 3·31 3.07 !hOO 2.90 2•6T a.sz 2.5$

Sipa. ··185 .BOO .. 655 .soo .e4& .660 .mao •. ttlu

Sig~a& averap .04? .075 .osa .lao .066 .120 .0'14 . .lela

Eo. of at~ 151 101 l2T " 94 29 10 211

-2nd .... te:r I II I II I II I II

A.vt~rage 8.1$ s,oe s.oo 2.93 1·05 2.64 2.11 2.69

Sip& .GUO .a :so .?15 .aoo .eoo .635 .641 .620

Sigma averag-e .051 .091 .065 .120 .065 «121 .02? .150

Jo. of •tud.ents 152 82 122 43 90 25 66 22

• B,()~Ft~Wl n'\.l~Seral I in ea.oh oa.se refers to a.thlt~~tes ud the !l • to the non athletes.

Read table thwu For the athlttes i'or the first semester of the f'reahman yeu the average was 3.09; the sigma. wu .565; fl.'tld the sipa. average was .047. Tho number of liltudentJ v:a.s 155•

·~ .

1: ''

5

although their general average- \ftl.8 101'1$1" f'or each s®lester e:xoept the

first seme.eter of the freshwm year, he.v$ their grades e.e a whole lefis

sllllttered than the nan athletes.. fhis eondition is noted in eaeh tHlitmeste:r

of the four years.

The sigma average ie a statistical expression of the reliability

ot the !11.&8ll• Since all of these meaeurea are eo:rn.pa.ratively s•all, the

lMUU'lS are furly reliable.. It will be :notfd, hOW&v&r, that on the basie

of these ori terla the meant of the athlates are slightly morfl reliable

than. those of the non athletes • The signif'ioanee of these- ll!.eaqrures tri.ll

be further considered in. ocmneetion with tho sigma, difference of the

In obs~g the n:umbe%" of atudent3 G~pridng Meh group for the

'ftl'"iou SIIIIIU!~Iten w find that bQth grO'UpS btteOJnS sm&ller from aemeater

to sE~~nsster, but th• athletes were :mor& persistent in atteada:noe than the

non e.thl.W~h With the !1nt aem.ester the non -.thletes decNaa•d from.

105 to 82 while thtl athletes decreased onl;r from 155 te 152. Thb would

indicate that athletic activity tends to gift more inoenti-ve tor

a.ttt!!i'lldanoe. tt will be nl!7ted. further that atte:n•oe, was more e.1;e.-.-q tor

both gr-ouPG in the junier and 1eaior yeua duo prcbe.'bly to better t.dju.st•

:ment in soh:ool aoti vitifUh

Furtht~r obaenatio.n ot a.ttendanee ia noted in Table !l in whi.oh ie

listed the percentage of athletes and non athletss who :rtmained in Qollege

during a stat ad number ot semesters •

It is observed that a.t the end of the first seme&t$:r of the

treshnan year 9a% of the athletes r$118.ined in. college and in the f'i rat

! i

lat san.

2nd ....

!ABLE II

PERCSf!GI OF .A.'nll.tft!S AID !air mLl!l'fSS WHO REMAil!UID

II SCBOOL DllRIIG A SfATlm Jft.l~Blm OF SEMEStERS

93

Sophomore

76

15

51

41

Junior

57

54

21

24

42

41

bad te.bie 'thwu 'Iri the first · aeme)ster tr&slmuui ~ $11';1(, of the e.thlnee remained in aeheol;. 98% ot the non a.thlatelh In the second semester t'raabman 1f&a'r 92"

5e.

ot the athl•t• remained. in acheo11 78" ot the :non athle'beu~c.

I :

s~ster of the uphcaore ~ o:nly ,. remained, •r an 18!( bsl'h F<.>r

tbf!i athl~e:~~ in the first saeater betwl!m. the 1ophattl:ore and j\ln!(')r years

the 1d thc:lnlmal wu ;('rca Te,c t;e If%, or a. l'% loss J anti bometJ. the ti rtrt

s-.ettecr of the jutdor tm4 senior yeara the rithdra.nl wtttJ fi'om 5v,€ to

~, or a I"" leafh

Pol!" the atlhltPtes aeo<md &l!MI!u!Jiter lostea -were as toll~W$t betwaen

th• f're~ and aopllomwe ~~~ tra,. te T~. c#-. 2~ losau b$~en

th• aophOillore ud jwaia,r )19U'I, nom.,. to 5'%1 or a 2$% lGn; bemta the junior and. stmicr yEtars, :f'r'aa ~ to U%, Cl" e. 24% loae•

It 1a 1.\u'ther obsel""!11Kl traa Table II that •mg the non athletes

from. tho first •e:r.'l.eattu• of the tr••h1:aan 1•ar to the oorrespeding

s6'1lilester of the sophOil!l:e~ year the loafS was t':ram 98% to 51%, •r a ~

lotus. For the s~ pooup a:M. eemeswra bemen the soph$l'l'tG:re llllld junior

yeus th• loss -. fran 511' to 28;(, or e. 46}< lou~ and bemen the juni<lr

and atnlior ~e.ns the n;malutr reailrl:ng in seh*l d.bttnished. ttcm !S:( to 2., Of' a l. l«IHIUh

It is ~.,_.. note& trcm Table l! ilhat the rum athletes betvreu

the t.tlltea:ul e-.aten •t tae t:te.mau. and !lleph•etrt ;rtarm decrtuttet~li from

78'J' t& ~ .. or a ""' loaet bfJlMem. the sopktuoN end 3•io:r J0UI, the

d.Dcreue "ll&S .traa 4~ to 24f', Of' a .._ 1••; and be~en the junior ,!Uld

senior years the mDlber f!EDI';airdng dJ'(!)pped f'Fa '241(. to 21~, or -. 15% lou .•

It app3ars that the ath.letet W&rtt more o•sbt.nt b. t.tt•d•••

than thB non athletes exeept bemG tllfll jeier and .sen!•r y•e.r'• ftft tht~

percentage of withdnl.w.ls of the l.&tter was not as high a1 that of ·tM~

athletes.

It m1gbt be obserwd that better tins:noia.l opportunit:iea for

athletes makes pcuus1ble bettfir ohanoes to oontinue their edueation.

Figur. l g1 ws a cn.ph1oal po~ ot the attendance data

pna•ted. in !able II.. It is noted that there was a vtcey marked with ...

~ aac.m,; the non a.tb..l.etea nth 1mB greatest withdn.wal of 9&,( to 51%

tram. tl» tint st~~M.~at.r te the thin! semester. rro:m. the fourth eemester

to th• eigbt.h IMlMmr 'bblt wi:t~a w.n more steady ao11g th& nen

athletea with onl7 21:1' ~ning at the ead of eight aemeaib"r~h lt will

'be turther noted. that tho with~• or the !1.\thletu waa not ao mrkt-11•

with the grea:tturt d.rope frQ!l!lt the &$$and to the third eemester Qlld frC!m

the fourth to the fifth s-.atEtr. Of these, 41% remained at tha ~nd ot

eight aEII'l.eaters.. It b evid.«l.t here as in oonneetion with Ta.ble U tha'\

nore athletic in:ter.st appi\nntl:y t.nde to hold the studen:ba in school

to fill. hir,her degree.

In Fif:~ 2 is pnse~nWd the penu.ontage o£ &thl.etu and nol!!.

athl~s gnduat"t.nr; f'rmt college, including the eight stated semestera

and extra hours. ~ in o~r to ev.mtua.lly r.aoh the objeetiw ot

f:ra.d.ultion. Qtd:te a n~r b'all. both groupa b.ad to so extra aem.a.ster• cr

to &Uilll!ler sohool in order to grUUW• The data p~sented in FiguM 2

inolude all atudent. wbe tiB&ll;r gra4ue.W.

:tn the a.thlotio group then '"" 15 students,. Ol' 45%, that

gradua.ted out of the 156 who $3.'ll"oll8d a.s b'e~• Ia the non. athletic

group, hOPiewr. only 31 studets, or 29.\(, of the C>riginal 105 reaohed th•

objeoti w of t;radua:tion.

These percentages. it will be ob&e~dJ are slightly hi&ht~r tha.n

i ''I

: i

,,lB,--­V>\'f!

100

90

80

50

20

10

0

K~\ ~-\

\ \

\ \

\

\

1

\ \

I' \ \

\ \ \

\

\

\ \

: ... .... .. "~"" .. "' ..... .. .. '!! 'I "'

........ " ........ "' "" • .. ~~- ..

. .... : :.. .. .. "' :It .. : , "' .. .. ''., .......... ., .................

~

\

\ \._____ ~ ~ ', '\ ' ' ' '

...._

'\ ' \

' \ \ ..... _ --- - r-- ---------

FIGURI l

Per.~~~-------------------------------------

:::o

70

_50

40

_)0

_20

J'IGl.llm 2

CCHPJlUSON OF PERCDTAGB Of A~ AID !WI A~ES

EVl!:ftUJ.tt..Y GRADUATING i!.OM OOL'LEGE

those presented in Figure l.. The apparent dhc:repwo;y is &ocounted tor

by the faot that in Figt1re 2 eventual graduation by- attendlilll.o& in e~ee&MJ

o£ eight sem~aters ia iucluded~

,?,cal!;riao.~ 2£ aohievement 2!1. baah 2.£ var1_5l;:t.~ ~ ~atatistie&J. meuurett. !able III giws a ~om.pariJ.'Ioa of the aohie~ent ef athlo~e.s and

non athletee on the buia of varl.o'UI other statiatioa.l measurae.. It is

noted that in the tir.-t semester of' the freshman yeal" the diffe1·e~r.n~ (D)

btrb'we«n the gene:r&.l average of the e.thletes and. non a.thletea h •lY'. !n

this study a minua difference :mEit\118 that the average o:f th.-. non athltl'tes

is hi&her than that of the- athlett1h rt i.a also tl.Oted that for the first

semester of the freshman year the sigma di.N'erence ia .oe1. In the

dif":f'erenoe divided by the sigma diffeT$l'loe between the two groupa a. ratio

of 1.00 is obtain.o4.. 'fhia ratio :f'aYor.ed the athletEls and indi.oa.tes that

there are practically 100 ohanee1 1n 100 that the dil'f'erenee i.a sta.tiati•

oa.lly signii'ioarrt;. Six of the relMJ..ning ratios i'avo;r$d the non athletic

group an.d in <ma of that the two groups Vfflrt' equal. The six w.hioh £e.voNd.

the non athlstes ranged from. 66 to 99 ehances in 100 o.f 'bei:nrt ata.tistically

eignitioant.

Deoile ~ 2!. entrance tests !-l .. ~!!::r•<l; ~ ~ deoHe ~ !!! those !jl"&dua~!!&· In figure I ia obset'V$d the decile rank ot athletea

and non athl•tss t.k:bag entrance tests 4\otnpa.red with the deeile r&Ulk of

those eventually gradua.ting •

.Among the athletes taking entrance testa it is noted that the

largest number in a eingle decile _, twenty•ab: in. deoilt II and f'rOil

this nllnb&l" only f'di.U:1;et;m gr-.d.ua.ted.. the l!mlt.llest number W4li& in the

'fABLE III

COMPAR"ISON OF THE AClUt'VEMJmT OF ATHLE'rf~S AND NON

.miLJ&TES ON BASIS ?F VA!UOUS STATISTlOAL M.i¥UURES

D f J)itt. zi I J ~

.... os

let semester

-.01

.oo

"l! ** IJ' D I, t I tiU 1 i!N.O~ .I

,d;:O:IR. ohe.neea

3.00 100

.oo 50

Read table thus & For t'ir•t semester freahtn.en the D (cU.tfennce in aehie'Valileut) na .2'1J the aig;ma. difference was .0911 'bha D owr the si&JU. dirterenoe wu. ~.oos and the n'Umber of ehan.ces in 100 ot a true ditf"el"enee weuil 100. Fo:r tt.'loond e&m.e$te;r f'reah:mtn the D was ... as, the sigma d.itferenct was .... 104; the D over the sigme. difference was .... so; end the eb.anou in 100 ns .... yg.

The minus sign ( ... ) refers to the non a.thl$tes md no sip re.fera to the athletes.

IJ,CILE A. Athletes

X -IX- II VIII

VII

VI

v

n

III

II

:X

IX

nir

VII

VI

v

IV

III

II

Ill

----• 0 5 ltl is io hs

:a. JEon A'thl&tee - II

• I

- II

- --• I.

• II I

I I I • I

0 & 10 15 20 ,25 FIG1U 3

l)BC!I$ B.Olt OF ~- AND liON A1'HLBY.t'ES fJUriM EfWCI

rESTS COMPARED WifE t:m DJro,ILS RANK OF Tl!O&E GWUAfiJG

a~

'I

30

,. 30

ninth d&cile with six athletes, and of tlw ai:x only th:ree gradua:tatd.• ln.

the fifth decile there were se"!Nnteen athletes who took entra:noe test-a

and in the l!lixth deelle there were sixteen, and from these two d.E.Joiles

six graduated from. euh.. It is interesting to note that among mnto1

athl•tea in the tint d.eoile who took en.trmee tests only two e=plete-d

eollage.. ln the tenth decile out or eleven taking ent:ranoe teart• ~~:~~a1y

seven graduated. JJnong the higher deeilea 1t is uoted that in the: eighth

cleo 11• lfi th ab.teen athletes taking entrance t$.sts onJ.y tbra& gr&duated

and ill the sao deoile £$1' the nan athletes with tett tald.ng the tntrMo&

t6sta only t-wo gn.duatctd.

from the nc:n athletes taking htl'1UlOG Wata theN Wtt fifteen in

the aeoon.d deoile and trcm this llet only two graduated. ad in the third

decile only three ot the originel t'ifte~ graduated. It is intereeti~

to obsei"'Ve that tram the twtlve decile I •tudtnts amons: the non athlete$

taking entranoe tests there was <»ilJ one gradu.&te. frQ!ll the ta'tb. deeile,

on the oth$1" hand, three of the original si;J~; gre.duatEHi,. making a shmn.g

a.l:m.ost u high as the athletes in that deoUe. 'thh laet obse:r'Vat1olll.

tends to shn that stu.denta in the first docile have more dif'fiou1ty in

completing their oollege wetk and ad~sting themselves to ooll&g& require•

Ill$nts. The higher deoile nudeu:\ui u a. whole did 'bett.r work end W~~~re

able to gl:'adu.a.te in larger numbers.. !he atudents a:mong the athlatet from

the fifth to the tenth deoilea, hoWever, ahow a. muoh larger proportion of

graduate a than thee non e.thletea •

Athletes ~ ~ athletes ~ r;radue.tms• Figure 4 shews

gra.phioally the per cent of -.thletes and non 6\.thletes trom eaoh deoile

.I

I

I I I I

100

90

80

70

60

zo

10

0

~ 1--

1\ --- /" '- ... -~ / / ....... "-. . ...... ,/ - / 1',

\ '

/l 1\------' ' ' \ ' ' \

\ /,'/ \ \ ..

\ ........ ---- - ..... \ 1\_ ......

\ I "\ I \ ~ -7 \ I ~·

"'v

I Il III IV v VU V:UI XX Number ot Deoilea

!..EGDD: J:thletea __ _ ~on Athletes - - • ~ •

FIGtl'RI 4

fRB Plm Gli:NT OF ATHLETES AND !ON .A'l':HLETES

FROX lUCR lll!GILI W1lO DID Jot G!ADUAtl

i'liOll COIJ:J1Gll

"

\

\

"""

.

1.0

tha.t did n<rb graduate from college. In the firat decile 92% of the !lil.O:n

athletes did net graduate u I!JO!ape.red. With 901' of the athl~tes. In tho

aeeon.d decile 81;& of the non athletes did not gra.du:ate ()ompal'"ced with 4a%

of the athletes. In the third decile 80% of the non athletes failed to

graduate compared vdth 3~ of the athletes. In the eighth decile the two

groupe had moet nearly the s$Wit rtoord. Eigl:rby per 'iJtllt ot th& non ~athletes

and 7~ of the athletes fran. this deeile failed to gra.dtUll.te. I»i the tenth

deoUe il.l cbsfltl'Ved. the beat degrett of persistence f'or bll>tb Cli'ou:pa with 50%

of the non a.thl.te• ~d ·~ o£ the athletes no-t graduating. On the "Whole

the non a.thletea show a steadier trend it1 the higher per c!umt• fa.iling to

graduate, while the athletes show quite a. !'luetuation but a.l•ya bei!lil.g

well beln the n• athlnee.- :fhia tenO.. to show that beth the a.t»lete:t

and the non athletes in the fi w highest d.eeile$ have a. tendtaef te rem.ain

in 1\!0hool longer than tl\loae of the lowt- g1"0ups • b\lt the athlEt·hs •oa­

aistentlr show better persitrten.e than the liiOn athl•tea. tkeae ft.ndings

oe~~pare favorably' w1 th other ttudies that students in the higher cite~ ilea

tond to r~ain in aohool longer.

!&!. El, d.eo:Ue ~· table IV shows the n\UI'lber of athlete•. Slll.d a1on

athletes of aa..oh age in euh deoilo. 1:hh bl the list before MtY witlt•

dra~s were taken. into aooot:tn.t. It will be noted that the ~·~ t>f

s&'Vell~en, .;ightee:n, ni.-teen, and twenty a.re the yeM."s in Whiu th.e larcest

numbers took the $n'tranee teat& and thAt thq age of' niru~'bet:n· •• t!lhe moda:l

age for both ii'OUP•• !be age nmge for tbe a.thlet~Ja wa.e tre &$ltt$en t•

twanty-fi ve and tor the non a:ehletos tram sewnteen to twtm.tr-t'hree .w lt is

evident tl"om this table tluA.t no Glge group ba4 a moaopoly em the higher

Deeil&

X

IX

VIII

VII

n

v n

'III

n

X

~

TABLE IV

THE NUHBER OF A.n1IJ.:,"'l'HS MD :Kot.; ATHLE'.rli:S OF

iACR .AGE II EACH DECILE

A.ft!LET.ES

Ag& ef studAmta · Deei1e 16 17 18 19 10 21 22 u 24 25

0 l 4 8 1 0 0 l 0 1 X

0 1 ! 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 IX

0 I 6 4 1 2 0 0 l G lili

1 4 3 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 vn:

o 4 s 4 z a o 1 o o u

0 I S ·2 4 1 0 l 0 0

0 T $ 2 6 0 1 0 0 0

0 s 8 9 • 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 5 15 3 2 2 0 0 0

0 0 4 5 9 l 1 0 0 0

l%&.4S.$SO 9 4 3 l. l.

v

IV

.III

!!

I

liON .A'fBI.J!'l'ES

Age of atudemts 16 11 18 19 20 21 22 2S 24: 25

0 1 l 2 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 l 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 4 1 l 1 1 0 0 0

0 ! 6 l 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 4 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0

0 4 2 l 5 0 0 0 0 0

0 4 2 1 5 0 1 0 0 0

0 3 8 ' 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 4 6 2 1 l 0 0 0

0 0 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0

0 21 . 2'1 ·2$ 2S 2 3 1 0 0

R.~ -tUl.-e thus • o~ the athletes ranking in decile X,. one was aewmteen year$ ot age; four were vighteen. ~ of' age} three 'We're nb.\.et&en years of ~e; and so on.

-r~---~""c~~·-~,-~-'":7'::-:::"' --~-_____ , __ , ___ ._ ----- •

~ 0 ,.

~

11

decile ratings. but on the lilhole the younger etudents had, at least, a.

slight ad-vantage in thl.a respect:.

q I I i ! I

I ,. ~· ' f

CONCLUSIONS

The t:lndings of this study have bQn as f'oll4wtu

1. !he non athletu had a. slightly higher IOhobetic aohievEmumt

than the athlete..

2. A.thletet remained in school more semesters lW4 ll).Or• gra.dua.'ti'Jd

than tha non athlnee •

~. the non atbletea shOWI&d a. high withdrawal rate in the t~Eush:mNl

and sophari:lore yea.rs, particularly the firat year.

4... Both the athletes and the non athletes showed 1. s·tead1iilr

attfmdanoe during the junior end .senior years than in the1 fre•~ liltl.d

5... Thera ~re batter grades ~de bJ both group$ in the last two

years of college.

6. The non athl6tea showed the ~ttoat oonsist!\\lnoy in thlllllir aoholastio

a.oh1enmet.~.t over a fou:r rear period.

7. There was n® suoh a. large pereen.tage withdraWing :ftOill :yee.t' to

year aong the Clthletes •

8. Therflt '~'laS a la.l"ger number of both athletet and non athlete• in

the second md thid. deciles in tmroll.lnat but the tenth decile aho"d a

larg•r nuznber of eomplotions espeeie.ll.y in the athlete gl!"oup.

9. Students in the upper deeile are leu lik$lf to wlthdre.w f'rCI'll

sohool before eom.:pleting their work than thll' one$ in the low1n• d.eoiles.

l(h First deoile student& in particular showed the :most withd:re.we..la

I

I I I I I

I

~both lf'OUPI~

ll• the art• ef n~ tll$l!K to t~tt the moat o~on ~· tw

tm.t'~l~tk •tm~ 'bfth S"UJ*•

11

u. A'thlftiu ~ to bt a bo1~ p .. ,.- tor ~_,. studmt:ta 11\

~ atalfte v-. u m~ bJ o~t1w 'withd~t~h

I

l I' I

I

Chapin, stuart F •, "Extn. ... Currioular Aoti vi ti.es of College Studen:ts•tt School~ Soeie!zJ !~t.2U•216 (February 15, 1936)

Eaton, Dorothy and Shannon, J. Ih, •college Oa:rel!ilr& $£ lligh $ohool Athl.tes and Jon Athletes." !he Sohool l!teview, 4lt 35& ... 361 (Kay, 1934) -

Garrett, Heney I·~ stat:Lsti.e,s. l;:! P'1ghol1t and Edueatton. Mtw Yo:vkt ~~, Green &ad Company, l9 6. 1 · PP• .

Jones, Rowland. H•, "A Comparison ot the tatelligence ot High Sohool Athletet with :l<m J.thletea.• School and Society, 42t41S•4l6 (September. 1918} ·

Kaney I Charles A., "The Gra.d.ea ot college Football students •" Eduoational Research • (Jovem.bei", 1915) 1 762•765.

Paul, J,. B., "Plaoelllent Teat Sooree V&h College Aoademio Attaimnent." School ~ SGe,i,etz:, 48:.508 ... 608 (October 15, 1918)

Ron, Floyd, "college Athletea.tt School ,!!1 Sooietz, 46;59•&0 (Jttly 10, 1937)

SWanson, A.. M .. , "The Ef'feot on E:igh Sohoal Seholarahip of' Pupil Parliaipation in htn. ... (}urdoular Aoti:vitieai'* The Sth.~?} Rfi.lvin, 82t61~·628 (October. 1924)

8S50b --------------""'';'!'.,